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Neuro-degeneration including dementia in Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) is an global alarming problem. AD accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy- 5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors are the main contributors of excitatory neurotransmission, mediating the fast, rapidly desensitizing excitation of many synapses, and are involved in the early response to glutamate in the synaptic space. The gene receptor AMPA responsible for AD is taken for this work. In the present study phyto-compounds from Ayurvedic Medicinal plants like Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Mucuna pruriens, Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma longa, Nardostachys jatamansi are among others used. The active components of the plants are taken and pharmacophore screening along with docking studies are performed against AMPA receptor in silico. The docking scores are noted for further in-vitro receptor-ligand binding assay studies. The selected phytocompounds were screened against AMPA receptor. Again, ADME (drug-like properties) was determined for the shortlisted ligands. Based on virtual screening, shortlisted ligands selected were Quercetin dihydrate and Asiatic acid.

Leprosy or Hansen disease is a slowly progressive infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae , affecting the skin and peripheral nerves and resulting in disabling deformities. Studies show that M. leprae binds to nasal epithelial cells in human after binding to fibronectin, using Beta-integrins (ITGB1) as receptors. The corresponding component on M. leprae , which binds to fibronectin, Fibronectin Attachment Protein (FAP), has been identified .The 3D structure of both the human (ITGB1) and M.leprae (FAP-L) protein involved in this mechanism are modeled using homology modeling. Hemolin, an insect-immune protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily is found to have an efficient defense system against bacterial infections. So this protein is selected and its 3D structure is modeled too. The active compound Anacardic acid of marine brown alga Fucus vesiculosus and the compound Polyhydroxylated fucophlorethol of Anacardium occidentale is found to have antibacterial activity. Their structure was drawn using Chemsketch, combined and converted to *.pdb. The combination is docked with Hemolin protein. This docked compound is again redocked with the human ITGB1 protein using GRAMM-X. Again, the combination (Anacardic acid and Polyhydroxylated fucophlorethol) was docked with M. leprae which proves that the combination can be effective in curing Hansen disease. Keywords - Hansen Disease, Leprosy, Beta-integrin, Bioinformatics, Mycobacterium leprae , Ayurveda, Homology modeling, Docking.

Alzheimer's disease is an incurable, degenerative, and terminal disease. It is associated with mutations in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), Presenilin 1 (PS1), Presenilin 2 (PS2), or Apolipoprotein E (APOE). 3D structures of these 4 proteins were generated using Homology Modeling. Active compounds of medicinal herbs- Canscora decussate , Nardostachys jatamansi and Mucuna pruriens were selected as these three herbs have properties of memory enhancement. Chemical structures of the active component of these herbs were drawn using chemsketch, combined & converted to *.pdb. The four proteins were successfully docked with Canscora decussate - Nardostachys jatamansi -Mucuna pruriens's active component combination. Keywords- Alzheimer's disease, Ayurveda, Canscora decussate , Nardostachys jatamansi, Mucuna pruriens, Drug designing

Harlequin ichthyosis is a severe genetic disorder that mainly affects the skin. Mutations in the ABCA12 gene cause harlequin ichthyosis. A loss of functional ABCA12 protein disrupts the normal development of the epidermis, resulting in the hard, thick scales characteristic of harlequin ichthyosis. This condition is inherited as an autosomal recessive pattern. It is found that retinoids can be used in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders including Harlequin ichthyosis by binding to Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR). The protein sequence of RAR was taken from NCBI database (protein id CAB60726). The 3d (∗.pdb) structure of RAR protein was generated by homology modeling. Guggul (Commiphora weghtii), Turmeric (Curcuma longa) & Sandalwood (Santakim album) are amongst the most renowned herbs in Ayurvedic herbal supplement having anti-inflammatory proterty and was widely used in ancient India to treat several disorders. Guggulsterone, β-santalol and curcumin are the active component of Guggul, sandalwood and turmeric respectively. 3d (∗.pdb) structures of Z-Guggulsterone, β-santalol & curcumin were generated. The compounds in individual were found to dock with RAR protein hence proving that that the herbs (guggul, sandalwood & turmeric) can be used in the treatment of Harlequin ichthyosis

In the present study we chose four cultures Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2617, MTCC 2618) and WILD A, WILD B (isolated from poultry waste soil), were screened for protease. In the production Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2617) and strain AR2 identified as Bacillus megaterium showed higher enzyme productivity (352U/ml and 321U/ml respectively). The enzymes were purified to its homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. The characterization showed similarity in optimum pH (9) and optimum temperature (55°C). Serine protease from the different sources showed different molecular weight in SDS-PAGE. The amino acid sequences of Serine protease of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus lichiniformis were downloaded from NCBI web server and aligned using ALIGN server's water program. It showed that there is 49% similarity between serine proteases produced from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium (AR2). From these data we concluded that production of serine protease can be done with Bacillus megaterium (AR2) an efficient and alternative to Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2617).

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) is caused by inf ection with Ebola Virus. Ebola virus, a member of t he family Filoviridae , causes one of the most severe forms of viral hemo rrhagic fever. In the final stages of the disease, symptoms progress to hypotension, coagulat ion disorders, and hemorrhages, and there is promin ent involvement of the mononuclear phagocytic and retic ulo-endothelial systems. It is assumed that the fun ctions of the envelope glycoprotein are likely to play import ant roles in the pathogenicity of Ebola virus and t he interac- tions of some viral proteins with the immune system are likely to play important roles in the extraord inary pathogenicity of this virus. Ebola virus (EBOV) ent ry requires the surface glycoprotein (GP) to initia te attach- ment and then fusion occurs between viral and host membranes. All glycoprotein forms are encoded by ge ne 4 of the EBOV genome. The strain selected is VGP_EBOS U with accession number Q7T9D9 of Sudan Ebola Virus - Uganda (2000) from NCBI’S entrez database. The 3D structure of Ebola Virus Protein was generat ed using Homology Modelling. For a predicted evaluatio n Andrographolide is used (the compound needs clini cal trials to prove its efficacy in treatment). The 3D structure of Andrographolide was generated and was converted to *.pdb file which now docks with the *.pdb file o f Ebola Virus Protein.