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Background: Epidemiological studies have shown the prevention of cardiovascular diseases through the regular consumption of vegetables. Eruca sativa Mill., commonly known as rocket, is a leafy vegetable that has anti-inflammatory activity. However, its antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities have not been described. Methods: Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract (0.1 to 1 mg/mL), was evaluated on human platelets: (i) P-selectin expression by flow cytometry, (ii) platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid, (iii) IL-1β, TGF-β1, CCL5 and thromboxane B2 release, and (iv) activation of NF-κB and PKA by western blot. Furthermore, (v) antithrombotic activity (200 mg/kg) and (vi) bleeding time in murine models were evaluated. Results: Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract (0.1 to 1 mg/mL) inhibited P-selectin expression and platelet aggregation induced by ADP. The release of platelet inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TGF-β1, CCL5 and thromboxane B2) induced by ADP was inhibited by Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract. Furthermore, Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract inhibited NF-κB activation. Finally, in murine models, Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract showed significant antithrombotic activity and a slight effect on bleeding time. Conclusion: Eruca sativa Mill. presents antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity.

Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) is a green leafy vegetable that is increasingly used as an ingredient in salad. The floating system is a way to grow this crop, at high density from sowing to harvest and easy to use in relation substrate culture, and it is well known water culture can be limited by hypoxia. Few studies have examined the use of peroxides or peracetic acid in nutrient solutions as a source of oxygenation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rocket grown in substrates as compared to the floating system, with a stabilized mixture of peracetic acid in the nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in and Talca (Chile) from October to November 2008. The treatments were substrate culture perlite and composted pine bark (1:1); floating system with trays filled with the same substrate and 0, 40 and 80 mg·L−1 of stabilized peracetic acid mix (PA). The fresh and dry weight of rocket leaves at harvest we evaluated. We recorded total nutrient solution uptake; the average dissolved oxygen; pH an...

Botanically, soybean belongs to the order Rosaceae, family Leguminosae or Papillonaceae or Fa‐ baceae, subfamily Papilionoidae, the genus Glycine and the cultivar Glycine max. It is an annu‐ al plant that measures up to 1.5 m tall, with pubescent leaves and pods; the stems are erect and rigid. In its primary and secondary roots, are located a variable number of nodes. One of the characteristics of the root system development is its sensitivity to variations in the supply and distribution of inorganic nutrients in the soil. The root system has a main root which can reach a meter deep, with an average being between 40 and 50 centimeters [1].

The consumption of fruits and vegetables is accepted to be one of the strategies to reduce risk factors for these diseases. The aim of this study was to examine potential relationships between the antioxidant and the antiplatelet activities in green mature and fully ripe (red) tomatoes and of lycopene-rich byproducts of tomato paste processing such as pomace. The total phenol content of tomato components was the highest in peels, pulp, and in the mucilaginous myxotesta covering the tomato seeds with values36.9±0.8,33.3±00.5, and17.6±0.9 mg GAE/100 g, respectively (P<0.05). Tomato peels had the highest antioxidant activity, both, as measured by the FRAP (46.9±0.9 μmol Fe+2/g,P<0.05) and the DPPH assays (97.4±0.2%, 1000 μg/mL,P<0.05). Pomace extracts showed the highest antiplatelet activity induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6, and arachidonic acid. While the maturation stage of the tomato fruit affected the antioxidant effect, antiplatelet activity was independent of fruit ripeness. Finally, based on the present results, tomato and its byproducts may be considered as a valuable source of antioxidant and antiplatelet activities.

The Cu, Cr and Pb concentrations were determined in Mugil cephalus and Eleginops maclovinus, fish species inhabiting the mouths of the Maule and Mataquito Rivers (Maule Region, Chile) which are consumed by the coastal population in large quantities. Measurements were taken by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to analyse representative muscle tissue of the two species. The method was validated using certified reference material (DOLT-1). The concentration ranges of Cu, Cr and Pb (mg . kg -1 , dry weight) in Mugil cephalus from the Maule river were: Cu 0.5-36.2; Cr 0.3-6.3; Pb 0.4-11.2 and from the Mataquito river varied between: Cu 0.6-23.2; Cr 0.3-6.0 and Pb 0.4-11.1. For the species Eleginops maclovinus from the Maule river the concentration ranges were: Cu 0.8-13.2; Cr 0.2-5.6; Pb 0.2-9.6 and from the Mataquito river: Cu 0.5-18.4; Cr 0.2-3.2 and Pb 0.3-4.0. The concentration ranges of Cu and Cr recorded in the two species of fish are within the levels permitted by FAO and EPA, however the concentrations of Pb in Mugil cephalus originating from both estuaries exceeds the levels permitted by current legislation. The statistical analysis done with one way ANOVA (p < 0.05) indicated that for each metal there are no significant differences between the species and the two sampling sites; however with two way ANOVA between the species and the two sampling sites a significant difference was found for Cu and Cr, but not for Pb.