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The species of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) collected in an area of Brazilian savannah at the Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, Alto Paraíso de Goiás municipality, Goiás state, Brazil were documented based in a survey using Malaise traps between February 2018 and May 2019. Were captured four specimens of Spiroberotha tocantinensis Machado & Krolow, 2016 and one specimen of Lomamyia trombetensis Penny, 1983. Both species have their extension of the geographical range expanded to Goiás state.

Brazil is the world's richest country in biodiversity, including mammal species. In the Brazilian Cerrado biome, mammalian diversity is vast, with about 251 species, 32 of them are endemic and 22 listed as threatened species. In this work, we investigated species diversity of medium- and large-sized mammals in the private protected area RPPN Pontal do Jaburu (RPPN-PJ) and its surroundings, which is a flooded area located in an important biological corridor in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone zone, a priority area for biodiversity conservation in Brazil. We used camera-trapping, active search (night and day), and track survey during dry season (Apr – Aug 2016). We recorded 29 mammal species, being the Carnivora order the most representative with 11 species. Regarding threat status, 35.7% of the recorded species were listed as threatened in Brazil and 32.1% worldwide. We highlight the high relative frequency of threatened species records such as Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca, Blastocerus dichotomus, Pteronura brasiliensis, Priodontes maximus, and other, as well as the presence of the newly described aquatic mammal species Inia araguaiaensis. We stress the importance of RPPN-PJ and its surroundings for mammal conservation, which include complex habitats (wetlands) located in an important ecotone zone. Resumo O Brasil é o país mais rico em biodiversidade no mundo, incluindo espécies de mamíferos. No bioma Cerrado, a diversidade de mamíferos é enorme, com cerca de 251 espécies, sendo 32 delas endêmicas e 22 listadas como ameaçadas de extinção. Neste estudo, investigamos a diversidade de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte da RPPN Pontal do Jaburu (RPPN-PJ) e seu entorno, que é uma floresta de inundação localizada em um importante corredor biológico na zona de ecótono Cerrado-Amazonia, uma área prioritária para conservação da biodiversidade no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por armadilhas fotográficas, busca ativa (noturna e diurna) e identificação de pegadas durante a estação seca (abril - agosto de 2016). Registramos um grande número de espécies de mamíferos (n = 29), sendo a ordem carnívora a mais representativa com 11 espécies. Com relação ao status de ameaça, 34,5% das espécies registradas foram listadas como ameaçadas na lista vermelha do Brasil e 20,7% na lista vermelha da IUCN. Destacamos a alta frequência relativa de registros de espécies ameaçadas como Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca, Blastocerus dichotomus, Pteronura brasiliensis, Priodontes maximus, bem como a presença da recém descrita espécie de mamífero aquático Inia araguaiaensis. Nós discutimos a importância da RPPN-PJ e seus arredores para a conservação de espécies de mamíferos, onde inclui habitats complexos (áreas de inundação) localizados em uma importante zona de ecótono.. Os resultados reforçam a relevância desta área para a conservação de mamíferos.

The Cerrado domain is the most diverse savannah biome in the world and a biodiversity hotspot for conservation. Only a few areas of the domain remain well preserved, among them the Jalapão region in Tocantins State, currently is considered the best preserved area of the Brazilian Cerrado. Listed in a recent Angiosperm checklist for the region, there were two species of Polygala series Trichospermae, which were recognized as new by the first author. Polygala bringelii sp. nov., endemic to the Jalapão region, is diagnosed by its obclavate seeds without a ring of trichomes at their base, keel with the crest shorter than the cuculus, and the internal sepals (wings) longer than the capsule. Polygala tocantinensis sp. nov., endemic to Tocantins state, is distinguished by its internal sepals (wings) with two glands near to the rounded apex, and a ring of convergent trichomes at the base of the seeds. The two species are morphologically closest with Polygala trichosperma of sect. Timutua, series Trichospermae, but differs in its corolla and seeds shape and pubescence. An identification key, photographic plates, photos of floral parts under magnification, preliminary conservation assessments, and ecological comments of both species are also provided.

Here are described and ilustrated Szelenyiopria loiaconae sp. nov., Szelenyiopria jataiensis sp. nov., and the male of Szelenyiopria distinguenda (Loiacono) (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae). Novas especies de Szelenyiopria Fabritius e descricao do macho de Szelenyiopria ditinguenda (Loiacono) (Hymenoptera: Diapridae) Resumo. Neste estudo, sao descritas e ilustradas Szelenyiopria loiaconae sp. nov., Szelenyiopria jataiensis sp. nov., e o macho de Szelenyiopria distinguenda (Loiacono) (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae).

Here, by the first time, was quantified the predation of seeds of Protium ovatum Engl. (Burseraceae) by Bracon zuleideae Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a phytophagous seed eater, in Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, located in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. B. zuleideae is now mentioned for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which extends its geographical distribution about 900 km north of its type locality, its only previous record, and new data about host plant phenology are provided.Bracon zuleideae Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Braconidae): potencial de predação de sementes, expansão da distribuição geográfica e novos dados de fenologia da planta hospedeiraResumo. A predação de sementes de Protium ovatum Engl. (Burseraceae) por Bracon zuleideae Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) foi quantificada pela primeira vez no Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. A distribuição geográfica de B. zuleideae é estendida para o Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, a cerca de 900 km ao norte da localidade tipo, o único registro anterior, e novos dados sobre a fenologia da planta hospedeira são fornecidos.

This study focused on Mantispidae species (Neuroptera) from Tocantins state in Brazil. Herein we provide nine new records to this state, increasing the total number of mantidflies from Tocantins to 12. New records are as following: Anchieta fumosella (Westwood, 1867); Dicromantispa moulti (Navás, 1909); Entanoneura batesella (Westwood, 1867); Haematomantispa sp.; Leptomantispa chaos Hoffman, 2002; Plega hagenella (Westwood, 1867); Trichoscelia varia (Walker, 1853); Zeugomantispa compellens (Walker, 1860); Z. virescens (Rambur, 1842). We also provide the first list of Mantispidae species from Tocantins, including general notes for each one, and identification key for these species.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Continuous exploratory use of tree species is threatening the existence of several plants in South America. One of these threatened species is Myracroduron urundeuva, highly exploited due to the high quality and durability of its wood. The chloroplast (cp) has been used for several evolutionary studies as well traceability of timber origin, based on its gene sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSR) variability. Cp genome organization is usually consisting of a large single copy and a small single copy region separated by two inverted repeats regions. We sequenced the complete cp genome from M. urundeuva based on Illumina next-generation sequencing. Our results show that the cp genome is 159,883 bp in size. The 36 SSR identified ranging from mono- to hexanucleotides. Positive selection analysis revealed nine genes related to photosystem, protein synthesis, and DNA replication, and protease are under positive selection. Genome comparison a other Anacardiaceae chloroplast genomes showed great variability in the family. The phylogenetic analysis using complete chloroplast genome sequences of other Anacardiaceae family members showed a close relationship with two other economically important genera, Pistacia and Rhus. These results will help future investigations of timber monitoring and population and evolutionary studies. Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC) UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Biochemical and Biological Sciences UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista Faculty of Engineer UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC) UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Biochemical and Biological Sciences UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista Faculty of Engineer UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista CNPq: 303103/2017-5

The Midwest region of Brazil possesses large areas dominated by the Cerrado that is poorly known concerning insect gall and their interactions. In this study, we inventory the gall morphology, host plants, and the gall makers from Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, in areas of natural vegetation from Cerrado, for the first time. Samplings occurred in two expeditions, July 2012 and January 2013. We characterized 295 morphotypes of insect galls in 140 host plant species, with 89 gall makers; the richest family in host plants was Fabaceae (16.7%), and the species was Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae, 3.7%). Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães is the richest Brazilian cerrado area in gall morphotypes (295) and the second in average morphotypes/host plant species (2.1). Additionally, six genera and 38 species are new records as host plants; two of them, Bernardia similis Pax and K.Hoffm and Ormosia macrophylla Benth., are new occurrences for Mato Grosso State, and other two, Vochysia petraea Warm. and Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. are listed in the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN. This inventory data represents a testimony of insect-plant interactions in a Brazilian Cerrado area that was consumed by an unprecedented fire in the dry season of 2020.

We present a checklist of the ferns and lycophytes from the Cerrado State Park, Jaguariaíva, Paraná, Brazil. This region represents the southernmost limit of Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. The park is located along the Devonian Escarpment, one of the most iconic geological formations in southern Brazil. The remnants of Cerrado in Paraná are relics of a colder and drier climate that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum, about 5,600 years ago. They are now surrounded by natural grasslands and Araucaria Forest, which is typical of southern Brazil. We recorded 112 species (102 ferns and ten lycophytes), from 51 genera and 16 families. Ten species were first recorded in the Devonian Escarpment, and Ctenitis bigarellae and Tryonia areniticola are rare. None of the species are endemic to the Cerrado and most are typical of the humid forests of Eastern Brazil. We provide notes and illustrations for all species. Resumo Apresentamos uma lista de samambaias e licófitas do Parque Estadual do Cerrado, Jaguariaíva, Paraná, Brasil. Esta região representa o limite sul do Cerrado no Brasil. O parque está localizado na Escarpa Devoniana, uma das formações geológicas mais típicas do sul do Brasil. Estes remanescentes de Cerrado são relictos de um clima frio e seco durante o último glacial máximo, cerca de 5.600 anos atrás. Agora são cercados por campos naturais e a típica Floresta com Araucaria do Sul do Brasil. Registramos 112 espécies (102 samambaias e dez licófitas) em 51 gêneros e 16 famílias. Dez espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez na Escarpa Devoniana, Ctenitis bigarellae e Tryonia areniticola são espécies raras. Nenhuma das espécies é endêmica dos Cerrados, e a maioria é encontrada em florestas úmidas da costa leste do Brasil. Apresentamos comentários e ilustrações para todas as espécies.

The environmental heterogeneity may reflect the different morphological and phenotypic traits of individuals belonging to a single species. We used 14 morphological traits of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. to understanding the relation between environment and phenotypic traits. Twenty-five fruits were collected from each of the 10 individuals sampled in each study site: Chapada dos Guimar&atilde, es (CG), Vila Bela da Sant&iacute, ssima Trindade (VB), and Alta Floresta (AF). We analyzed the genetic divergence, using the standardized Euclidean distance, the sequential method of Tocher, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and the projection of the distances onto 2D plane, and calculated the relative importance of the traits evaluated. The analysis showed the partition of individuals into three main groups: Two groups comprising the majority of individuals. Fresh fruit weight, pulp rate, fresh pulp weight, and moisture rate were the traits that most helped explaining the difference between materials. The results shown in the current study evidenced the influence of these three different environments on the biometric traits of M. flexuosa. Such influence has led to the formation of Alta Floresta and Vila Bela da Sant&iacute, ssima Trindade individuals in different groups, whereas the Chapada dos Guimar&atilde, es individuals were able to permeate the two other groups, although they showed stronger tendency to group with individuals from Vila Bela da Sant&iacute, ssima Trindade.

Agonandra brasiliensis e uma arvore de florestas tropicais, com ampla ocorrencia na regiao do Cerrrado brasileiro. Apesar do seu potencial como madeira e para reflorestamento, eficientes protocolos para a producao de mudas ainda estao em falta. Objetivouse avaliar caracteristicas morfologicas para a qualidade de mudas de A. brasiliensis, em condicoes de viveiro, em funcao do volume do recipiente e dose de fertilizante de liberacao controlada. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, testando-se dois volumes (1,8 L e 2,2 L) de recipiente e cinco doses (0 g L-1, 1 g L-1, 2 g L-1, 4 g L-1 e 8 g L-1) do fertilizante encapsulado Forth Cote® (formulacao NPK 15-09-12). As parcelas constituiram-se de cinco mudas homogeneas transplantadas em sacos de polietileno (15 cm x 35 cm) com substrato de areia media lavada. As seguintes caracteristicas foram mensuradas: comprimento da parte aerea; diâmetro do caule; incrementos em comprimento e diâmetro; materia seca total; materia seca da parte aerea e da raiz e a razao entre elas. Tambem foi determinado o Indice de Qualidade de Dickson. A qualidade das mudas para caracteres morfologicos como comprimento da parte aerea, diâmetro de caule e materia seca total foi especialmente favorecida por tratamentos que combinaram o fertilizante de liberacao controlada em dose aproximada de 5,0 g L-1 e recipiente com volume de 2,2 L.

The Brazilian Savannah region presents a great potential for the expansion of upland rice crops. However, studies are necessary to identify practices that can improve the crop performance, especially in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of cover crops in association with corn on the development and yield of rice cultivated in rotation and cover fertilized with nitrogen doses. The sprinkler irrigation system was used and the experiment was developed in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years, using a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the crop remains combinations of single corn crop, corn + Crotalaria spectabilis, corn + pigeon pea, corn + jack bean and corn + Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as cover nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) in the rice. The cultivation of upland rice in rotation with corn + pigeon pea was favored by the greater soil cover and nitrogen supply via cycling, if compared to the rotation with single corn crop. The intercropped corn + pigeon pea cultivation in the previous summer resulted in a 15 % increase in the yield of rice grains seeded in the rotation, when compared to the single corn crop. The cover nitrogen application positively influenced the grain yield with the maximum estimated doses of 46 kg ha-1 and 105 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, respectively in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years. RESUMO A região do Cerrado tem grande capacidade para expansão da cultura do arroz de terras altas. No entanto, são necessários estudos envolvendo práticas que melhorem o desempenho da cultura, principalmente em sistema plantio direto. Objetivou-se verificar o efeito de coberturas vegetais em consórcio com milho no desenvolvimento e produtividade de arroz cultivado em rotação e adubado com nitrogênio em cobertura. O experimento foi irrigado por aspersão e desenvolvido nas safras 2014/2015 e 2016/2017. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação do efeito de restos culturais de milho exclusivo, milho + Crotalaria spectabilis, milho + guandu, milho + feijão de porco e milho + Urochloa ruziziensis, bem como doses de nitrogênio em cobertura no arroz (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 e 120 kg ha-1). O cultivo do arroz de terras altas em rotação com milho + guandu foi favorecido pela maior cobertura do solo e oferta de nitrogênio, via ciclagem, em relação à rotação com milho exclusivo. O cultivo de milho + guandu no verão anterior propiciou incremento de 15 % na produtividade de grãos de arroz, semeado na rotação, em relação ao milho exclusivo. A aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura influenciou positivamente na produtividade de grãos com as doses máximas estimadas de 46 kg ha-1 e 105 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, respectivamente nas safras 2014/2015 e 2016/2017.

The Federal District of Brazil (FD) has the lowest Phlebotominae species richness in the country’s Midwestern Region. Some of these species have been reported as Leishmania vectors. This study updates the list of sand flies in the FD by sampling 4 gallery forests. Using HP light traps and Shannon traps, 1,209 sand flies were captured and 16 species were identified. The most frequent species was Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) (N = 668), followed by Psathyromyia pradobarrientosi (Le Pont, Matias, Martinez & Dujardin, 2004) (N = 285). Brumptomyia guimaraesi (Coutinho & Barretto, 1941), Micropygomyia ferreirana (Martins, Barretto & Pellegrino, 1956), Pa. pradobarrientosi, Br. brumpti (Larrousse, 1920), and Evandromyia bourrouli (Barretto & Coutinho, 1941) are reported for the first time in the FD. Sand flies richness in the FD (35 spp.) is relevant when compared to that of the state of Goiás (47 spp.), a state 59 times larger than the FD.

The answers to when and how much to irrigate orchards can be obtained based on the measurements of plants' transpiration and leaf temperature. This study aims to determine the leaf temperature and sap flow of the pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), both with and without water restriction. Further, the leaf temperature was measured by infrared thermometry and estimated transpiration using the Granier method, where the thermal dissipation probes are inserted into the plant stems. The experiment was conducted in a 120-plant orchard located in Goiânia-GO, Brazil, from which seven of the plants (3 irrigated and 4 non-irrigated; aged 6.6–7.4 years) were evaluated for eight months (October 2015 to May 2016). The soil was characterized as a dystrophic red latosol, and its water content was determined using the EC-5 capacitance sensors. The results denoted that the leaf temperature of the irrigated plants was lower than the median air temperature during summer and the transition period into the dry season, and the non-irrigated plants exhibited shortage of water availability during the dry season. In dryland conditions, the average transpiration was 24.09 L plant−1 day−1 and, when irrigated, became 42.29 L plant−1 day−1.

Insects are important ecosystem agents, however, in general, a decline in the composition and abundance of these animals around the globe has been observed. In the urban environment, this characteristic has been more critical, due to the lack of diversity and quality of habitats in these environments, which feature fragmentation of habitats. Thus, processes that naturally affect the composition of animals in the environment can be observed, shaping the abundance of species in their environments, processes such as seasonality, especially in tropical regions, with well-defined rain and dry seasons. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the seasonality and abundance of insects in urban fragments in the Cerrado, for this purpose four urban fragments were sampled in Campo Grande MS, during the months of January to December 2012 using Malaise traps. 26,890 individuals of 19 orders were collected, where the abundance of insect orders stands out Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemipetera and Trichoptera. A peak in general insect abundance was found in November, and there were significant differences over the months between different orders. However, no difference was found between the fragments, however, there was a trend towards changes in the diversity of orders related to the size of the fragments. The different strategies to deal with water stress well marked for the Cerrado is an important factor for the composition of the insect fauna of the domain and variations in the habitat, such as area size and phytosocionomic composition directly affect the orders found.

Weaver ants nest on plants but the extent of such associations is unknown for many species. Literature records of weaver ant host plants from 1945 to 2016 showed that Camponotus textor Forel, 1899 (= Camponotus senex), the Brazilian savanna weaver ant, was recorded on 17 plant species belonging to 11 families. Our field survey recorded nine plant species in eight families at Brazilian Cerrado. Overall, we expanded the list to a total of 24 host plant species and 14 families, including economically important tree species as mango, citrus, and jambo trees. Such host plants could be used to augment the establishment of weaver ants, facilitating their role in biocontrol as deterrents of phytophagous insect pests of economically important plants.

In this study, the Gasteruptiidae species found at the Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ), in Luiz Antonio, São Paulo, Brazil, were documented, based on a survey carried out with Malaise, Moericke and light traps that lasted for three years, between January 2007 and December 2009. During the samplings at EEJ, 13 female specimens of Gasteruption Latreille, 1796 were captured: six of G. bispinosum Kieffer, 1904, six of G. brasiliense (Blanchard, 1840) and a single specimen of G. helenae Macedo, 2011 that is the first record for São Paulo state.

Brazilian cave diversity, especially of invertebrates, is poorly known. The Bodoquena Plateau, which is located in the Cerrado Biome in central Brazil, has approximately 200 recorded caves with a rich system of subterranean water resources and high troglobitic diversity. Herein we describe a new troglobitic species of Girardia that represents the first obligate cave-dwelling species of the suborder Continenticola in South America. Specimens of the new species, which occur in a limestone cave in the Bodoquena Plateau, in the Cerrado biome, are unpigmented and eyeless. Species recognition in the genus Girardia is difficult, due to their great morphological resemblance. However, the new species can be easily recognized by a unique feature in its copulatory apparatus, namely a large, branched bulbar cavity with multiple diverticula.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico O fogo é um agente estruturante do bioma Cerrado, a maior savana da América do Sul, desde que não seja frequente. Seus campos são o lar de várias espécies vulneráveis de aves e estão entre os tipos de habitat mais ameaçados no Brasil. Seis áreas de campos hidromórficos foram estudadas no Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil, três delas haviam sido queimadas um mês antes e três não haviam sofrido ação do fogo há pelo menos três anos. Em cada área, foram escolhidos cinco transectos de 200 m de comprimento, com um ponto de observação no final, totalizando trinta pontos. Eles foram acompanhados por um período de doze meses, a partir de outubro de 2015. A sucessão ecológica de aves campestres foi monitorada e o índice de Diversidade Efetiva foi comparado usando um teste de ANOVA. As diferenças entre tratamentos queimado e não queimado, entre as estações chuvosa e seca, e para a interação foram significativas (f = 5.542, p = 0.022; f = 5.909, p = 0.0183; f = 5.699, p = 0.021, respectivamente). As histórias de vida das espécies de aves foram monitoradas, juntamente com as variáveis ambientais. Várias espécies vulneráveis não foram registradas nas áreas afetadas pelo fogo, enquanto uma foi registrada apenas em áreas queimadas. Algumas das causas podem ser atribuídas à dinâmica de disponibilidade de alimentos, umidade e grau de cobertura do solo pela vegetação. Estas espécies começaram a frequentar as áreas queimadas em recuperação, aproveitando-se de gramíneas novas que produziam sementes e da presença de flores ao longo da estação seca. As aves migratórias estiveram presentes apenas no período chuvoso, partindo em diferentes tempos no início do período seco e retornando apenas no final. A detecção de aves campestres foi bastante dificultada no final do verão e início da estação seca. Isto se deveu ao comportamento mais discreto após o período reprodutivo e porque a vegetação se tornou muito alta, dificultando também os registros visuais. Os dados sobre a espécie foco deste trabalho, Alectrurus tricolor (Vieillot, 1816), corroboram relatos e uma simulação que lhe atribuem o status de residente. Evidências sugerem que pelo menos alguns pares permanecem juntos durante todo o inverno. Os machos foram registrados exibindo suas caudas exóticas em todos os meses. Como para as outras aves, esta espécie também adotou comportamento recluso, e a detecção de fêmeas exigiu esforço extra. Este trabalho sugere a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre a dinâmica ecológica dos campos hidromórficos do Cerrado. Também aponta para a necessidade urgente de preservar esses ambientes vitais, preferencialmente criando áreas protegidas, altamente escassas. O uso de áreas agrícolas por várias espécies atesta a importância do planejamento de manejo para toda a matriz. Fire is a structuring agent of the Cerrado biome, provided it is not too frequent, the largest savannah in South America. Its grasslands are home to several vulnerable species of birds and are among the most threatened types of habitat in Brazil. Six areas of wet grasslands were studied in central Brazil, three that had been burned one month earlier and three untouched by fire for at least three years. In each area, five 200 m long transects with one watch point at the end were chosen, totaling thirty points. They were surveyed for a period of twelve months, starting in October, 2015. The ecological succession of grassland birds was monitored and the True Diversity index compared using an ANOVA test. The differences between burnt and unburned treatments, between rainy and dry seasons and for their interaction were significant (f = 5.542, p = 0.022; f = 5.909, p = 0.0183; f = 5.699, p = 0.021; respectively). The life histories of the bird species were observed, along with the environment variables. Several vulnerable species were not recorded in areas recently burned, while one was recorded only in burnt areas. Some causes could be attributed to the dynamics of food availability, humidity and degree of soil cover by the vegetation. These species began to frequent recovering burnt areas, taking advantage of seed producing grasses and flowering throughout the dry season. Migratory birds were present only in the wet summer, departing with different timings at the beginning of the dry period and returning only at the end. Detection of grassland birds was greatly reduced in late summer and early dry season. This was due to the more discrete behaviour after the reproductive period and because the vegetation had become very high, also hindering visual records. The data on the species focus of this , Alectrurus tricolor (Vieillot, 1816), corroborate reports and a simulation that attribute to it the status of resident. Evidence suggests that at least some pairs stay together throughout the winter. Males were recorded exhibiting their exotic tails in every month. Like other species, the birds adopted reclusive behaviour and the detection of females required extra effort. This study suggests the need for more in-depth studies on the ecological dynamics of the wet grasslands of the Cerrado. It also points to the urgent need to preserve these vital environments, preferably by creating protected areas, highly scarce. The use of agricultural areas by various species attests to the importance of management planning for the entire matrix. Dissertação (Mestrado)

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Background: both diarrhea in calves and mastitis in cows limit cattle production. The bacteria involved in these diseases have shown multi-resistance to antimicrobials, however plant metabolites therefore can provide an alternative method of control. This study selected and characterized Cerrado plant extracts showing inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. from cattle. Thirteen leaf extracts were initially screened and diameters of inhibition zones produced against the pathogens were recorded using an agar disk diffusion method. Total condensed tannin contents were determined and antibacterial activities were analyzed after tannin removal from the five selected extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated by macro-dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and the extracts were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: inter- and intra-specific bacterial variations in the susceptibility to the extracts were detected. The aqueous extract (AE) from Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. leaves produced larger inhibition zones against E. coli strains than did other selected extracts. However, the AE from Schinopsis brasiliensis was the most effective against Staphylococcus spp. strains (P

Knowledge about the growth and nutritional aspects of Anacardium othonianum Rizz. (’caju-de-arvore-do-cerrado’), which is a native fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado (savannah), is still incipient. The objectives of the present study were to characterize growth and nutrient accumulation of A. othonianum seedlings grown in a nutrient solution. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks with four replicates and six treatments, and the experimental period was 180 d after transplanting (DAT). Each treatment corresponded to an evaluation period that was performed every 30 d. During each sampling period, characteristics related to growth and nutrient accumulation in the plant were evaluated. Plant growth was continuous throughout the cycle with the following maximum values at 180 DAT: 16.76 cm for stem length, 8.09 mm for stem, 11.27 leaves per plant for the number of leaves, and 329.60 cm² for leaf area. The monthly rates of plant fresh matter and DM accumulation were 3.15 and 1.05 g, respectively. The accumulation of nutrients in A. othonianum seedlings had the following order: Ca > N > K > P > Mg > S for macronutrients and Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu for micronutrients.

This article aims at evaluating the effects of different packaging and varied storage temperatures on the germination potential of seeds of Campomanesia adamantium Camb. O. Berg. The seeds were packaged in glass, aluminum foil and plastic containers, or maintained inside intact fruits at 5, 10 and 15 ºC during 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. After these periods the seeds were sown in Germitest® germination paper and maintained in incubation chambers at 25 ºC under constant white light for 42 days. Seed moisture contents were evaluated both before and after storage, as well as germination percentages, germination speed index, root and aerial portion of seedlings lengths, and total dry weights. All possible combinations of packing materials, temperatures and storage times were tested, with four repetitions of 25 seeds for each treatment. C. adamantium seeds showed initial water contents of 31.5%. Glass and aluminum packaging were efficient at maintaining the water content of the seeds, and provided greater germination speed index than the other packaging materials. Germination percentages, seedlings lengths and dry weights did not vary among the different temperatures tested. C. adamantium seeds can be stored for up to 21 days at temperatures between 5 and 15 ºC without altering their physiological quality. In terms of cost-benefit efficiencies, these seeds can be stored without significant damage for 21 days while still inside the fruits at temperatures of 5, 10 or 15 ºC. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes embalagens e temperaturas durante o armazenamento sobre o potencial de germinação das sementes de Campomanesia adamantium Camb. O. Berg. As sementes foram mantidas em embalagens de vidro, papel de alumínio, plástico e no interior do fruto, nas temperaturas de 5, 10 e 15 ºC, durante zero, sete, quatorze e 21 dias. Após esse período, as sementes foram semeadas em rolo de papel Germitest® e mantidas em B.O.D. a 25 ºC e luz branca constante durante 42 dias. Antes e após o armazenamento foram avaliados o teor de água das sementes, porcentagem e índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, parte aérea e total e a massa seca das plântulas. Todas as combinações de embalagens, temperaturas e tempos de armazenamento foram testadas com quatro repetições de 25 sementes para cada tratamento. Sementes de C. adamantium apresentam 31,5% de teor de água após o processamento. As embalagens de vidro e de alumínio foram eficientes para manter o teor de água das sementes, proporcionando maior velocidade de germinação em relação aos demais ambientes. A porcentagem de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas não variaram entre as temperaturas testadas. Sementes de C. adamantium podem ser armazenadas por até 21 dias nas temperaturas entre 5 e 15 ºC sem prejuízo para a qualidade fisiológica. Considerando-se o custo-benefício, as sementes podem ser armazenadas até 21 dias no interior do fruto em temperaturas de 5, 10 ou 15 ºC.

Fire occurrences are a common perturbation in Cerrado ecosystems, and may differently impact the local biodiversity. Arthropods are one of the taxa affected by fires, and among them, ants are known as good bioindicators. We aimed to evaluate the effect of anthropic fires on epigaeic and hypogaeic ant communities (species richness and composition) in Cerrado areas with different post-fire event recovery periods. We conducted the study in four Cerrado areas during two weeks of 2012 dry season: one unburned and three at different post-fire times (one month, one and two years). We sampled ants with pitfall traps in epigaeic and hypogaeic microhabitats. We collected 71 ant morpho-species from 25 genera. In the epigaeic microhabitat we sampled 56 morpho-species and 42 in the hypogaeic microhabitat. The area with the shortest recovery time presented lower epigaeic ant species richness (4.3 ± 2.00) in comparison to the other areas (8.1 ± 2.68 species on one year area; 10.3 ± 2.66 species on two years area; 10.4 ± 2.31 species on control area), but recovery time did not affect hypogaeic ant species richness. Regarding ant species composition, fire did not directly affect hypogaeic ant species, which remained the same even one month after fire event. However, two years were not enough to reestablish ant species composition in both microhabitats in relation to our control group samples. Our study is the first to assess anthropic fire effects upon epigaeic and hypogaeic ants communities; highlighting the importance of evaluating different microhabitats, to more accurately detect the effects of anthropic disturbances in biological communities. We concluded that ant communities are just partially affected by fire occurrences, and epigaeic assemblages are the most affected ones in comparison to hypogaeic ants. Furthermore the study provides knowledge to aid in the creation of vegetation management programs that allow Cerrado conservation.Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (1): 95-104. Epub 2016 March 01. ResumenLos incendios son una alteración común en los ecosistemas del Cerrado brasileño y pueden causar diferentes efectos sobre la biodiversidad. Los artrópodos son uno de los taxones comúnmente afectados por el fuego, y entre ellos, se conoce que las hormigas son buenos bioindicadores. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de los incendios antrópicos sobre las comunidades de hormigas epígeas e hipógeas (riqueza de especies y composición) en áreas del Cerrado en diferentes tiempos de recuperación. Para ello, el estudio se realizó en cuatro áreas del Cerrado durante la temporada seca del 2012: una área no quemada y otras tres áreas en diferentes momentos post-incendio (un mes, uno y dos años). Las hormigas fueron muestreadas utilizando trampas de caída en los microhábitats epígeo e hipógeo. Fueron recolectadas 71 morfo-especies de hormigas pertenecientes a 25 géneros. En el microhábitat epígeo recolectamos 56 morfo-especies y en el microhábitat hipógeo 42. El área con el menor tiempo de recuperación presentó una menor riqueza de especies de hormigas epígeas (4.3 ± 2.00) en comparación con las otras áreas (8.1 ± 2.68 especies en el área de un año; 10.3 ± 2.66 especies en el área de dos años; 10.4 ± 2.31 especies en el área de control), pero el tiempo de recuperación no afectó riqueza de especies de hormigas hipógeas. En cuanto a la composición de especies, el fuego no afectó directamente a las especies de hormigas hipógeas, la cual se mantuvo igual, incluso un mes después del incendio. Sin embargo, dos años no fueron suficientes para restablecer la composición de especies de hormigas en ambos microhábitats en relación con las muestras del área control. Nuestro estudio es el primero en evaluar los efectos del fuego antrópico sobre las comunidades de hormigas epígeas y hipógeas; se destaca la importancia de la evaluación de diferentes microhábitats para detectar con mayor precisión los efectos de las alteraciones antrópicas en las comunidades biológicas. Las comunidades de hormigas son solo parcialmente afectadas por incendios y las epígeas son las más perjudicadas. Además, este estudio proporciona conocimientos que pueden ayudar a la creación de programas de manejo de la vegetación del Cerrado, lo que permite conservar este importante bioma brasileño.

Background The Araguaia River basin runs through the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, and Pará, covering 373,000 Km2, mostly within the Brazilian Cerrado. The region has a wide variety of wetlands. The climate is characterized by high temperatures and strongly seasonal precipitation. There are two well defined seasons: the dry season (winter-spring) and the rainy season (summer- fall). The Araguaia River basin is dominated by plinthosoils that are found in low flat areas, poorly drained and prone to flooding, yielding wetland habitats of high plant diversity. Since the 1970s, human activities have led to reduction in both the diversity and area of wetlands. The construction of the Belém-Brasília highway and hydroelectric dams, as well as the expansion of agricultural and mining activities, have had major impacts on the region. New information The flora diversity data of the Araguaia River basin was developed through field work, herbarium research, and use of a database (Species Link). The resulting checklist of 162 aquatic and marshy monocotyledons from the Araguaia River basin represents 20 families and 50 genera. Cyperaceae (51 spp.), Poaceae (39 spp.), and Eriocaulaceae (16 spp.) are the most representative families. Life form analysis indicates that helophytes predominate (98 spp.; 60.5%). One hundred one species are native to tropical and/or subtropical America and twenty one are endemic to Brazil. Ninety-three species are new occurrences for the Araguaia River basin. Among them, three species are reported in the Brazilian Cerrado for the first time. This work contributes to the understanding of aquatic plant diversity in the Cerrado and other savanna-like vegetation physiognomies; environments and habitats poorly understood taxonomically and undercollected generally.

In frogs, acoustic signals are the most important communication mechanism, since they may be used in several social contexts. In many anurans, the dominant frequency of calls is negatively related to body size, and in such species, this spectral parameter may be considered a good predictor of fighting ability. We experimentally investigated the vocal behavior of 30 male Hypsiboas goianus in central Brazil to answer the following questions: (1) Do males change the acoustic parameters of their calls in response to conspecific intruders? and (2) Does the acoustic behavior of H. goianus depend on the simulated body size of their opponent? We used playback of synthesized calls with high (3573 Hz) and low (3123 Hz) dominant frequency to simulate small and large males, respectively. Males reduced the rate of advertisement calling in response to playback but did not change vocal behavior in response to low-frequency and high-frequency playback. So, while males adjust their calling activity in response to simulated conspecifics, there was no evidence that they assess the fighting ability of their opponents through acoustic interactions., We acknowledge CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, process 476800/2011-0) and ICMBio (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade) for the financial and logistical support, respectively. R.P. Bastos (process 304363/2010-3) and M.N. Siqueira are grateful to CNPq and A.R. Morais to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and PAPPE/IF (Programa de Apoio à Produtividade em Pesquisa – IF Goiano) for fellowships. ICMbio is thanked for providing collecting permits. Call analyses and archiving in Fonoteca Zoológica (www.fonozoo.com) are partly funded by projects TATANKA (CGL2011-25062) and (CGL2010-09700_E) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (PI. R. Márquez).

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-28T14:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000310099400019.pdf: 618129 bytes, checksum: c5124eb94ec8e43230b751d22722f49b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000310099400019.pdf: 618129 bytes, checksum: c5124eb94ec8e43230b751d22722f49b (MD5) WOS000310099400019.pdf.txt: 42233 bytes, checksum: b0b37f549de0559575f03466dcbae855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:03:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000310099400019.pdf: 618129 bytes, checksum: c5124eb94ec8e43230b751d22722f49b (MD5) WOS000310099400019.pdf.txt: 42233 bytes, checksum: b0b37f549de0559575f03466dcbae855 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000310099400019.pdf: 618129 bytes, checksum: c5124eb94ec8e43230b751d22722f49b (MD5) WOS000310099400019.pdf.txt: 42233 bytes, checksum: b0b37f549de0559575f03466dcbae855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-01 In Brazil, soybean Glycine max (L.) Merril crops are subjected to incidence of several pests, which are mainly insect species. However, the occurrences of other pest species are growing. In this context, outbreaks of phytophagous mites are becoming more frequent. Nevertheless, records of mites in such crop are available only for Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul states. Thus, this work gathers all information published about the diversity of mites found in soybean in Brazil, and also new records of mite species made on samplings taken from the central Cerrado area. In the whole, occurrence of 44 species of plant mites in soybean has been recorded in Brazil. Data from prior studies and the results of this work present the tetranychid Mononychellus planki (McGregor) as the mite species most frequently occurring in the Brazilian soybean crops. A large portion of Phytoseiidae species has occurred in crops from Rio Grande do Sul state. In addition, spontaneous soybean has hosted almost half of the phytoseiid species sampled in Cerrado region. High diversity of Tarsonemidae has been found in the cultivated soybean. More studies about soybean mites are needed to clarify the damage potential of phytophagous mites and the biological role of predatory mites in this crop. UNESP, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, BR-15054000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Zool & Bot, BR-15054000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil UNESP, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, BR-15054000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Zool & Bot, BR-15054000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T17:51:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1982-45132015000300501.pdf: 2472095 bytes, checksum: 07068bdd1547e5f0e4c1ded99bb09e3a (MD5) RESUMO A pastagem é uma importante atividade econômica no Cerrado. A partir das décadas de 1970 e 1980, programas para melhoria das pastagens introduziu gramíneas principalmente do gênero Brachiaria. Quando manejada adequadamente, a pastagem é reconhecida como eficiente em sequestrar carbono e contribuir com a mitigação das concentrações de gases do efeito estufa na atmosfera, condição que será atingida em função do tempo de uso e das propriedades de cada tipo de solo. A microrregião de Uberlândia no Triângulo Mineiro (MG) é tradicionalmente ligada à pastagem. No entanto, as condições geológicas, naturais do solo e do clima são fatores que podem acelerar a degradação dos solos quando a pastagem não é manejada adequadamente. O objetivo deste artigo foi comparar as mudanças das propriedades do solo e a incorporação de C em áreas recobertas com [1] Cerrado arbóreo natural, [2] sistema misto convertido inicialmente ao uso agrícola e os últimos 15 anos de pastagem, e [3] pastagem cultivada há 30 anos. Os resultados mostram a influência de uso sobre a dinâmica da matéria orgânica, e avalia o potencial de degradação dos solos mediante a atividade, o manejo e o tempo de uso do solo. ABSTRACT The pasture is an important economic activity in the brazilian Savannah. From the 1970s and 1980s, the implementation of the programs to improve the productivity of pastures, was introduced grasses, especially Brachiaria. When handled properly, the pasture is an efficient method to contribute to carbon sequestration and to the mitigation of concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which are dependent to the time of the land-use and the properties of each soil type. The microregion of Uberlandia in Triangulo Mineiro (MG) is traditionally linked to the pasture. However, the geological and natural soil conditions and climate are factors that can accelerate soil degradation when pasture is not handled properly. The objective of this article was to compare the changes of soil properties and the incorporation of C in covered areas [1] natural brazilian Savannah, [2] mixed system initially converted to agricultural use and the last 15 years of pasture, and [3] pasture cultivated with 30 years of implantation. The results show the influence of the land use on organic matter dynamics, and evaluate the potential degradation of soil by the activity, management and time of land use. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Universidade Estadual Paulista Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Universidade Estadual Paulista

Bletia catenulata is a native Brazilian orchid whose populations have suffered from predatory collection. Aiming at elucidating aspects of its reproductive biology and the relation with seed germination, pollination tests were carried out in flowers of plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Manual cross and self-pollination resulted in high percentage of fructification (76.7-86.7 %), being only 26.7 % for natural pollination, in which the absence of pollinators, due to flower isolation, resulted in absence of fruits. In vitro seed germination for all fruits from the different pollination processes was low, being 8.6 % the highest percentage for protocorms. Thus, B. catenulata is selfcompatible, resulting in viable seeds, but pollinator-dependent for sexual reproduction.

New records and notes on the distribution of the Ephemeroptera are presented. The genera Campylocia, Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Simothraulopsis, Tikuna, and Ulmeritoides are reported from Serra do Lajeado Environmental Protection Area, Tocantins state. With the results of the present study, the number of species known for Tocantins state has increased from two to seven.

Plantas de cobertura podem proporcionar maior ciclagem de nutrientes. O trabalho objetivou determinar o efeito da aplicação anual de gesso e calcário à superfície do solo e de doses de fertilizantes à cultura anterior (soja), na produção de biomassa seca e no acúmulo de nutrientes por plantas de milheto cultivadas em sucessão, sob sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro tipos de condicionadores de solo (calcário, calcário + gesso, gesso e controle), parcelados em três partes (2 t ha-1 de calcário e 1,0 t ha-1 de gesso; 2 t ha-1 de calcário e 1,0 t ha-1 de gesso; e 1 t ha-1 de calcário e 0,5 t ha-1 de gesso), com quatro níveis de adubação com P (superfosfato simples e triplo) e K (cloreto de potássio) (0%, 50%, 100% e 150% da adubação recomendada), aplicados na semeadura da cultura anterior (soja). O calcário proporcionou incrementos na produção de biomassa seca e no acúmulo de nutrientes (N, P, K Ca, Mg e S), pelas plantas de milheto. O gesso não proporcionou alterações na produção de biomassa seca do milheto. A utilização de doses crescentes de fertilizantes na cultura anterior (soja) aumentou a produção de biomassa seca, concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes nas plantas de milheto. O emprego do milheto como planta de cobertura, na entressafra, utilizando o efeito residual do fertilizante aplicado à cultura de verão, proporcionou ciclagem de nutrientes que pode ser utilizada pela cultura em sucessão. Cover crops can provide a higher nutrient cycling. This study aimed to determine the effect of annual applications of gypsum and lime to the soil surface and of fertilizer doses to the previous crop (soybean) in the dry biomass production and nutrient accumulation by plants of pearl millet grown in succession, under no-tillage system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of the combination of four types of soil conditioner (lime, lime + gypsum, gypsum and control), split in three parts (2 t ha-1 of lime and 1,0 t ha-1 of gypsum; 2 t ha-1 of lime and 1 t ha-1 of gypsum; and 1 t ha-1 of lime and 0.5 t ha-1 of gypsum), and four fertilizing rates with P (triple and simple superphosphate) and K (potassium chloride) (0%, 50%, 100% and 150% of the recommended fertilizing), applied at the sowing of the previous crop (soybean). Liming provided increments in the dry biomass production and in the accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) by millet plants. The application of gypsum did not increase the millet dry biomass yield. The use of increasing rates of fertilizers in the previous crop (soybean) increased the biomass dry matter, density and accumulation of nutrients by millet plants. The intercropping of millet as a cover crop, with the residual effect of the fertilizer applied in the summer crop, provided a nutrient cycling that can be used by the following crops.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:40:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1983-40632014000400005.pdf: 273252 bytes, checksum: ee2efde933ad42f53f12b95a9f1b90cc (MD5) Com a expansão e diversidade do sistema plantio direto, deve-se avaliar os benefícios econômicos gerados ao longo dos ciclos produtivos, com destaque para aqueles relacionados aos restos culturais da cultura antecessora e ao manejo da adubação nitrogenada da cultura sucessora. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade econômica de quatro doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, na produtividade de grãos de feijoeiro de inverno cultivado no sistema plantio direto, após diferentes culturas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 8x4, com 32 tratamentos constituídos pela combinação de restos culturais (milho; milho -Azospirillum brasilense; Urochloa ruziziensis; Urochloa ruziziensis - Azospirillum brasilense; milho + U. ruziziensis; milho -A. brasilense + U. ruziziensis; milho + U. ruziziensis- A. brasilense; milho -A. brasilense + U. ruziziensis- A. brasilense) e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 e 90 kg ha-1). Concluiu-se que o maior acréscimo de produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro de inverno irrigado por aspersão foi obtido com a utilização de 90 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio em cobertura, em sucessão a Urochloa ruziziensis, sem a inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense. Recomenda-se, para obtenção da maior margem de ganho, a aplicação de 90 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio em cobertura, na cultura do feijoeiro em sucessão às outras culturas, exceto para Urochloa ruziziensis inoculada. With the expansion and diversity of the no-tillage system, it is necessary to evaluate the economic benefits generated throughout the production cycle, especially those related to remnants of previous crops and nitrogen fertilizer management of succeeding crops. This study aimed to evaluate the economic viability of four cover nitrogen doses on winter bean grain yield grown under no-tillage system after different crops. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, in a 8x4 factorial scheme, with 32 treatments consisting of a combination of crop remnants (mayze; mayze - Azospirillum brasilense; Urochloa ruziziensis; Urochloa ruziziensis - Azospirillum brasilense; mayze + U. ruziziensis; mayze -A. brasilense + U. ruziziensis; mayze + U. ruziziensis - A. brasilense; mayze -A. brasilense + U. ruziziensis - A. brasilense) and cover nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1). It was possible to conclude that the highest grain yield of winter bean plants irrigated by aspersion was obtained with the use of 90 kg ha-1 of cover nitrogen in succession to Urochloa ruziziensis without the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense. In order to improve profits, it is recommended to apply 90 kg ha-1 of cover nitrogen to bean crops succeeding the other crops, except for inoculated Urochloa ruziziensis. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia

O imbiruçu [Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. et Zucc.) A. Robyns] é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre no Cerrado brasileiro. O extrativismo e a destruição deste bioma têm reduzido as populações de P. longiflorum e estudos de germinação são prioritários para sua conservação. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento germinativo de sementes de duas populações de P. longiflorum, em diferentes substratos. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5 (duas populações x cinco substratos), com cinco repetições de 50 sementes para cada tratamento. As duas populações amostradas foram provenientes de Rondonópolis e Cuiabá (MT). Os substratos consistiram de terra preta, vermiculita, areia, terra preta + vermiculita (1:1) v/v e terra preta + areia (1:1) v/v. Foi determinada a percentagem de germinação e de sementes viáveis, mortas e com fungos e o tempo médio de germinação. A maior germinabilidade ocorreu no substrato areia (78%), em sementes oriundas de Cuiabá, e nos substratos areia e vermiculita (36,6%), nas sementes provenientes de Rondonópolis. O tempo médio de germinação variou de 10,6 a 16,5 dias, para as sementes de Rondonópolis, e de 14,7 a 18,1, para as de Cuiabá. As sementes de Rondonópolis, no substrato terra preta, apresentaram 66,7% de mortalidade, com a presença de fungos dos gêneros Fusarium e Rhizoctonia. As sementes de P. longiflorum procedentes de Cuiabá apresentaram maior germinabilidade que as de Rondonópolis, sendo as mais indicadas para a produção de mudas. Recomenda-se o substrato areia para a germinação de sementes de P. longiflorum, em função da maior facilidade de aquisição e menor custo. The Imbiruçu [Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. et Zucc.) A. Robyns] is an arboreous species that occurs in the Brazilian Savannah. The exploitation and destruction of this biome have reduced the P. longiflorum populations and studies on its germination are crucial for preserving it. This study aimed to evaluate the germination process of two populations of P. longiflorum seeds, on different substrates. A completely randomized design, in a 2x5 factorial scheme (two populations x five substrates), was used, with five replications of 50 seeds for each treatment. The sampled populations were collected in Rondonópolis and Cuiabá, in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Substrates consisted of black soil, vermiculite, sand, black soil + vermiculite (1:1) v/v, and black soil + sand (1:1) v/v. The germination percentage of viable and dead seeds, seeds with fungi, and the mean germination time were evaluated. The highest germination rate was observed in the sand substrate (78%), in seeds from Cuiabá, and in the sand and vermiculite substrates (36.6%), in seeds from Rondonópolis. The mean germination time ranged from 10.6 to 16.5 days, for the seeds from Rondonópolis, and from 14.7 to 18.1, for the ones from Cuiabá. The seeds from Rondonópolis, in the black soil substrate, presented a 66.7% mortality rate, with the presence of the Fusarium and Rhizoctonia fungi genera. The P. longiflorum seeds from Cuiabá showed a higher germination rate than those from Rondonópolis, being the most suitable ones for the seedlings production. The sand substrate is the recommended one for the P. longiflorum seeds germination due to its greater ease of acquisition and lower cost.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1982-56762012000300009.pdf: 3014271 bytes, checksum: db3bb67342a9ee6bc395b47123acfceb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1982-56762012000300009.pdf: 3014271 bytes, checksum: db3bb67342a9ee6bc395b47123acfceb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1982-56762012000300009.pdf: 3014271 bytes, checksum: db3bb67342a9ee6bc395b47123acfceb (MD5) S1982-56762012000300009.pdf.txt: 19326 bytes, checksum: 3daaaa7891a6f603ae6e0ad9473d242b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1982-56762012000300009.pdf: 3014271 bytes, checksum: db3bb67342a9ee6bc395b47123acfceb (MD5) S1982-56762012000300009.pdf.txt: 19326 bytes, checksum: 3daaaa7891a6f603ae6e0ad9473d242b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1982-56762012000300009.pdf: 3014271 bytes, checksum: db3bb67342a9ee6bc395b47123acfceb (MD5) S1982-56762012000300009.pdf.txt: 19326 bytes, checksum: 3daaaa7891a6f603ae6e0ad9473d242b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 A entrada de agentes fitopatogênicos em novas localidades através de mudas infectadas constitui uma das principais formas de disseminação. Meloidogyne enterolobii é uma espécie de nematoide altamente virulenta que tem causado sérios danos a plantas cultivadas no Brasil. Neste trabalho é relatada a primeira ocorrência de M. enterolobii em mudas de muricizeiro (Byrsonima cydoniifolia), uma planta nativa da Amazônia e em mudas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava), no Estado de Mato Grosso. Com base nos caracteres morfológicos do padrão perineal de fêmeas, região labial dos machos e no fenótipo isoenzimático de esterase, foi confirmado que a espécie encontrada tanto nas mudas de muricizeiro quanto nas de goiabeira é M. enterolobii. Spreading of plant pathogens through seedlings is one of the main ways of introducing pathogens in places free of these agents. Meloidogyne enterolobii is a highly virulent species of nematode responsible for serious damage to plants grown in Brazil. In this study the occurrence of M. enterolobii on young individuals of muricizeiro (Byrsonima cydoniifolia), a native species of the Amazon forest, is made for the first time together with the first report of the occurrence of this nematode on guava (Psidium guajava) in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Based on morphological characters of the perineal pattern of females, lip region of males and the esterase isoenzyme phenotype, we confirmed that the species found in both of B. cydoniifolia and P. guajava is M. enterolobii. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fitossanidade Laboratório de Nematologia Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fitossanidade Laboratório de Nematologia

Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) used to estimate the postmortem interval in a forensic case in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The corpse of a man was found in a Brazilian highland savanna (cerrado) in the state of Minas Gerais. Fly larvae were collected at the crime scene and arrived at the laboratory three days afterwards. From the eight pre-pupae, seven adults of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) emerged and, from the two larvae, two adults of Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) were obtained. As necrophagous insects use corpses as a feeding resource, their development rate can be used as a tool to estimate the postmortem interval. The post-embryonary development stage of the immature collected on the body was estimated as the difference between the total development time and the time required for them to become adults in the lab. The estimated age of the maggots from both species and the minimum postmortem interval were four days. This is the first time that H. segmentaria is used to estimate the postmortem interval in a forensic case. Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) e Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) utilizadas para estimar o intervalo pós-morte em um caso forense em Minas Gerais, Brasil. O cadáver de um homem foi encontrado em uma área de cerrado no Estado de Minas Gerais. Larvas de moscas foram coletadas na cena do crime e encaminhadas ao laboratório em três dias. Os adultos que emergiram em laboratório foram identificados como Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) e Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805). Uma vez que insetos utilizam o cadáver como uma fonte de recurso alimentar, sua taxa de desenvolvimento pode ser empregada como uma ferramenta para estimar o intervalo pós-morte. O estágio de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário dos imaturos coletados no cadáver foi estimado como sendo a diferença entre o tempo total de desenvolvimento e o tempo necessário para a emergência destes adultos em laboratório. A idade estimada dos imaturos das duas espécies, bem como o intervalo pós-morte mínimo, foi de quatro dias. Este é o primeiro relato do uso de Hemilucilia segmentaria para estimar o intervalo pós-morte em um caso forense.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162011000600006.pdf: 171971 bytes, checksum: a34a60420901a13f156107bcd39eeadf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162011000600006.pdf: 171971 bytes, checksum: a34a60420901a13f156107bcd39eeadf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:01:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-90162011000600006.pdf: 171971 bytes, checksum: a34a60420901a13f156107bcd39eeadf (MD5) S0103-90162011000600006.pdf.txt: 21407 bytes, checksum: 5e5f5b4013c6f25c547402b084bac89a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:15:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-90162011000600006.pdf: 171971 bytes, checksum: a34a60420901a13f156107bcd39eeadf (MD5) S0103-90162011000600006.pdf.txt: 21407 bytes, checksum: 5e5f5b4013c6f25c547402b084bac89a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:15:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-90162011000600006.pdf: 171971 bytes, checksum: a34a60420901a13f156107bcd39eeadf (MD5) S0103-90162011000600006.pdf.txt: 21407 bytes, checksum: 5e5f5b4013c6f25c547402b084bac89a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a native species of the Brazilian Savannah (“Cerrado”) region, recommended for the recovery of degraded areas and also for medicinal use. Seeds of some species of the Annonaceae require a long period to germinate and many studies have focused on determining methods which can rapidly analyze seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. seeds in accordance to their weight, through X-ray images and emergence test. Seeds were collected from dehiscent follicles with a blower and one portion was separated into weight categories: very light seeds, light seeds and heavy seeds. Another seed portion was separated in water by their density, into those that sank and those that floated. The seeds from each weight category were weighed and X-rayed. A further seed portion from the categories (separated by blower and in water) was also placed in 500 mg L-1 of a solution [gibberellin 4 (GA4) + gibberellin 7 (GA7) and cytocinin] to overcome dormancy and was later sown in soil taken from the “Cerrado”. The internal seed morphology andseedling emergence of X. aromatica were influenced by seed weight. The elimination of badly formed and insect- infested seeds improved the physiological potential of the seed lot. The X-ray test can efficiently evaluate seed quality but does not permit a visualization of the embryos. USP ESALQ Programa de Pós-Gradução em Fitotecnia USP ESALQ Depto. de Produção Vegetal UNESP Depto de Botânica UNESP Depto de Botânica

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:33:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1983-40632011000200017.pdf: 261316 bytes, checksum: 804b9dce01fec88166be9f5a4c67dcad (MD5) A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Cerrado brasileiro. A propagação sexuada desta espécie depende de um substrato adequado, pois o mesmo interfere no processo germinativo e no estabelecimento da muda. Objetivou-se estudar o efeito de diferentes substratos na produção de mudas de mangabeira em tubetes. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em Cassilândia (MS). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e 15 plantas por parcela. Foram utilizados os seguintes substratos: A (areia lavada + Plantmax® + solo, na proporção de 1:1:3 v:v:v), B (casca de arroz carbonizada + Plantmax® + solo, 1:1:3), C (casca de arroz carbonizada + húmus de minhoca + solo, 1:1:3), D (esterco bovino + Plantmax® + solo, 1:1:3) e E (esterco bovino + solo, 2:3). Avaliou-se a percentagem de emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, percentagem de mortalidade, altura da muda, diâmetro do colo, comprimento do sistema radicular, número de folhas, índice de clorofila foliar e massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os substratos C, D e E podem ser utilizados para a produção de mudas de mangabeira em tubetes. Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a native fruit species from the Brazilian savannah. Its sexual propagation depends on a suitable substrate, because it interferes with seed germination and seedling establishment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different substrates for growing mangabeira seedlings in plastic tubes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications and 15 seeds per plot. Five substrates were evaluated: A (washed sand + Plantmax® + soil, 1:1:3 v:v:v), B (carbonized rice husk + Plantmax® + soil, 1:1:3), C (carbonized rice husk + earthworm humus + soil, 1:1:3), D (bovine manure + Plantmax® + soil, 1:1:3), and E (bovine manure + soil, 2:3). The following parameters were evaluated: plant emergence percentage, emergence speed index, mortality percentage, seedling height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, chlorophyll leaf index, and shoot, root, and whole plant dry mass. From the results, substrates C, D, and E can be used for growing mangabeira seedlings in plastic tubes. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Engenharia Rural Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Ciências Vegetais Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Engenharia Rural

The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., Myrtaceae, which grows in the Brazilian savannah, was studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furanodiene (1.2%) was thermally rearranged to curzerene (85.1%) to produce a combined content of 86.3%. GC analysis carried out under mild conditions (with a constant temperature of 100 ºC) showed that the furanodiene concentration was three-fold greater than the curzerene concentration, i.e., the essential oil contained 64.7% furanodiene and 21.6% curzerene. Germacrene B also rearranged to γ-elemene and the concentration of both was 2.3%. Special care should be taken when conventional gas chromatography analysis is used for quantifying compounds that can rearrange at high temperatures.

Ecological theory of habitat heterogeneity and limited niche-similarity assumes that more heterogeneous environments provide a greater amount and diversity of resources than simple environments, resulting in a greater diversity of species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the habitat heterogeneity on the richness of dung beetles and to examine the spatial patterns of assemblage structure in relation to patterns of habitat heterogeneity. Dung beetles were collected using pitfall traps without bait in 30 points distributed in an area of cerrado sensu lato, in the region of Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil, including areas of cerrado sensu stricto, campo sujo, cerradão and gallery forest. A total of 1,291 dung beetles were collected, distributed in 16 genera and 29 species. Overall habitat heterogeneity exerted a negative effect on patterns of dung beetles richness. Higher levels of species richness were observed in areas of cerrado campo sujo, while the areas of gallery forest were the most species poor. Regarding assembly structure, it was found that the dung beetles were separated into two major groups, one formed by the presence of specialized species in forest areas and other composed of species that occurred predominantly in cerrado. In conclusion, it was found that habitat complexity influenced the distribution of dung beetles, but the level of turnover in species composition along the heterogeneity gradient was relatively weak.

Duas novas espécies de Tanaostigmodes obtidas a partir de galhas de Calliandra disysantha em Brasília (DF), Brasil são descritas e ilustradas. Two new species of Tanaostigmodes were reared from galls of Calliandra disysantha from Brasília (DF), Brazil are described and illustrated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:11:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-13Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000321069200001.pdf: 184252 bytes, checksum: b69d582b2473f90f606819b537746bd1 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background: The study of the distribution and ecology of sandfly species is essential for epidemiological surveillance and estimation of the transmission risk of Leishmania spp. infection.Findings: In the present study, sandflies were captured in native fragmented forest areas in Rubiao Junior district, Botucatu municipality, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, between September 2001 and January 2005. A minimum of two automatic light traps were installed per night from 6 pm to 8 am, in different months, resulting in approximately 900 collecting hours. During this period, 216 sandfly specimens of sixteen species were captured. Pintomyia monticola and Brumptomyia guimaraesi were the most abundant with 56 specimens (25.93%) captured per species, followed by Pintomyia fischeri 28 (12.96%) and Psathyromyia pascalei 18 (8.33%). Other captured species were Lutzomyia amarali, Sciopemyia sordellii, Psathyromyia aragaoi, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia bianchigalatiae, Pintomyia misionensis, Brumptomyia carvalheiroi, Brumptomyia cardosoi, Brumptomyia cunhai, Brumptomyia nitzulescui, Brumptomyia brumpti and Brumptomyia spp. represented by 58 (26.85%) specimens.Conclusions: Although less frequently found, the presence of Pintomyia fischeri, Nyssomyia whitmani and Migonemyia migonei, known vectors of Leishmania braziliensis, indicates risk of American cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence. Moreover, the absence of Lutzomyia longipalpis-the main vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi, which is the agent of American visceral leishmaniasis-suggests that there is no risk of introduction and establishment of this disease in the studied area. Monte Mor Dept Hlth, Div Hlth Surveillance, Monte Mor, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo State Univ, Rio Claro Biosci Inst, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo State Univ, Rio Claro Biosci Inst, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 304396/2012-5