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Ozman-Sullivan, Sebahat/0000-0001-5240-8110 WOS: 000236201400002 PubMed: 16550331 The biology of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), a predator of the big bud mite, Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa, was studied under laboratory conditions. All experiments were conducted on hazelnut leaf discs in an incubator at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, with 16:8 h L:D, at an average daily relative air humidity of 76%. Observations were made twice daily for the immature stages and daily for the adults to determine developmental time, survival and fecundity. The mean developmental time for females was 6.90 days and for males was 7.10 days, and mean adult longevity for females was 11.67 days. The mean total and daily egg production were 12.67 and 1.85 eggs, respectively. The net reproduction rate (R-0) was 7.09 females/female, intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) was 0.153 female/female/day and mean generation time (T-0) was 12.80 days. The mortality rate of immature stages was 0.66% and the sex ratio was 0.51 female.

4th International Symposium on Hazelnut -- JUL 30-AUG 02, 1996 -- ORDU, TURKEY WOS: 000071757700070 Damage types caused by two forms of Phytoptus avellanae Nal. ("gall" and "vagrant" forms) and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal., all of which are commonly found in the hazelnut cultivars in the Blacksea Region, were investigated by periodic sampling. Our results show that the gall form of P. avellanae feeds exclusively on generative buds and causes formation of big buds; whereas the vagrant form of P. avellanae does not cause big bud formation, but feeds intensively on both vegetative and generative buds, on catkins and on young fruit clusters which eventually fall. On the other hand, C. vermiformis itself does not cause formation of big buds, but feeds in big buds created by P. avellanae, and not all big buds are infested with C. vermiformis, Big buds with only P. ave(lanae inside have been termed "spring big buds". Due to intensive feeding and reproduction by C. vermiformis, infested big buds prematurely open and fall down at the end of summer, thus leading to the formation of "summer big buds". The nymphs and adults migrate to spring big buds after the summer big buds dry and form "winter big buds". In addition, C. vermiformis rarely infests vegetative and generative parts which may fall if infestation becomes too heavy. Int Soc Hort Sci, Working Grp Nuts

4th International Symposium on Hazelnut -- JUL 30-AUG 02, 1996 -- ORDU, TURKEY Ozman-Sullivan, Sebahat/0000-0001-5240-8110 WOS: 000071757700065 During 1992-1994 we have investigated in detail the life cycles of the two forms of Phytoptus avellanae Nal. ("gall" and "vagrant" forms) and of Cecidophyopsis vermifomris Nal. which cause serious worldwide damage in hazelnut cultivars. Selected hazelnut plantations from the Blacksea Region of Turkey were visited every 2-3 days during the migration period, once every two weeks during the winter months and weekly for the rest of the year and samples were collected. The gall form of P. avellanae has a single nymph form and a simple life cycle. In spring, nymphs migrate from old big buds to healthy buds where feeding and reproduction continues until the following spring. Since the entire population is stationary within the same bud throughout the year, generations overlap. The vagrant form of P. avellanae has a different and rather complex life cycle and two forms of nymphs are present. The vagrant form feeds not only on big buds but also on vegetative and generative parts such as leaves, male and female flowers and completes its life cycle even in the absence of big buds. C. vermiformis also has a complex life cycle with two migration periods in spring and autumn. It lives inside the big buds created by P. avellanae and its generations overlap. C. vermiformis is rarely found on male and female flowers and vegetative buds. Int Soc Hort Sci, Working Grp Nuts

4th International Symposium on Hazelnut -- JUL 30-AUG 02, 1996 -- ORDU, TURKEY Ozman-Sullivan, Sebahat/0000-0001-5240-8110 WOS: 000071757700067 Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermifomris Nal. commonly infest hazelnut plantations in the Blacksea Region. This study was performed on Tombul and Uzunmusa cultivars with periodic sampling during 1992-1994, in Samsun. Population fluctuations of the two species were investigated on big buds which contained either eggs, nymphs, adults of both species together or P. avellanae only. Although the numbers of P. avellanae in newly infested buds are very low in early summer, they reach maximum population levels during the following spring. C. vermiformis inside the summer big buds reaches the maximum population level in early autumn while C. vermiformis inside the winter big buds reaches the maximum population level in spring. In summer big buds infested by both species, the two populations are approximately equal in early summer whereas C. vermiformis becomes the dominant species from the end of July onwards. In winter big buds, although the number of C. vermiformis entering the big buds is low in autumn, C. vermiformis is usually the predominant population in spring. Int Soc Hort Sci, Working Grp Nuts