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Oil spills in the sea are generally prevented in various ways, one of them is the bioaugmentation method through bacterial entrapment on sawdust carriers. The entrapment of bacteria is one of the bacterial immobilization techniques. The potential of bacterial consortium on sawdust is still not widely used, especially in long-term storage. The purpose of this study was to obtain the viability of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial consortium on sawdust after 0, 7, and 41 days of storage. The bacterial consortium consists of Bacillus aquimaris, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, Halobacillus trueperi, and Rhodobacteraceae bacterium. The samples were tested by culturing the immobilized bacterial consortium of 0, 7, and 41 days on falcon tubes containing crude oil and seawater. The viability of the immobilized bacterial consortium was tested for 28 days (days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28) by enriched the bacterial populations periodically. The viability test was also supported by the measurement of environmental parameters on the 1 st day and the 28 th day such as DO, pH, salinity and, temperature. The results show that bacterial consortium in all storage periods was viable on sawdust carriers which related to the high number of bacterial populations on the 28 th day. The most viable bacterial consortium on sawdust was the 0-day storage (9.59 x 10 8 CFU/ml) which was indicated by the increases phase at the end of the day. It was proved that the bacteria are still productive and could degrade petroleum hydrocarbons.

Microbial diversity of soil samples from ancient stone-lined tombs was investigated. The tombs, discovered at Eoryung Ocheon-Ri site, Korea, were estimated to be belonged to middle class people from an ancient country, Gaya, which existed till AD 559 at the southern part of Korea. Nine fungal stains and 70 bacterial strains were isolated from the twelve soil samples, which were collected from the tomb Nos. 5 and 6. Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis discovered 5 fungal and 22 bacterial strains belonged to 10 genus groups from the tomb No. 5 while 1 fungal and 28 bacterial strains belonged to 6 genus from the tomb No. 6. The higher microbial diversity suggests that the tomb No. 5 was constructed warmer season than the tomb No. 6. Moreover, the discovery of Staphylococcus warneri, which is found as part of the skin flora on human and animals, and Bacillus aquimaris, which is a marine bacterium and can be discovered from tidal flat, from the surface of large dagger suggests that the ancient people may use meat and seafood at the burial ceremony.

Bacillus aquimaris TF12 is a Gram-positive bacteria isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. We report the draft whole-genome sequence of Bacillus aquimaris TF12, the type strain of a set of bacteria typically associated with marine habitats and with a potentially high biotechnology value.