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The quality of monofloral honey from Apis mellifera as an antibacterial can be influenced by the activity of the diastase enzyme and the secondary metabolites from the nectar source. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the activity of the diastase enzyme and the effectiveness of monofloral honey derived from Apis mellifera bees as a natural antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Sampling for monofloral honey was carried out from nine different nectar sources, namely Acacia carpa, Calliandra calothyrsus, Nephelium lappaceum, Melaleuca laucadendron, Ceiba pentandra, Mangifera indica, Coffea robusta 1, Coffea robusta 2, and Hevea brasiliensisensi. Furthermore, diastase content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the bacterial inhibition zone using the disc diffusion method. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the clustering of diastase enzyme and antibacterial activity. The results showed that the highest diastase activity in monofloral honey was Mangifera indica, Nephelium lappaceum, and Coffea robusta 2 at 20.00 DN. This was followed by Nephelium lappaceum, Ceiba pentandra, and Hevea brasiliensisensisensi at 10.00 DN, Acacia carpa at 6.67 DN, Coffea robusta 1 at 5.00 DN, and Calliandra calothyrsus 4.00 DN. The clear zones for Staphylococcus aureus on Coffea robusta 2, Acacia carpa, Nephelium lappaceum, Coffea robusta 1, Ceiba pentandra, Hevea brasiliensisensisensi, Nephelium lappaceum, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Mangifera indica were 19.47, 18.53, 17.73, 17.03, 16.12, 16.10, 16.03, 15.73, and 14.73 mm, respectively. Additionally, the clear zones for Escherichia coli on Ceiba pentandra, Coffea robusta 2, Acacia carpa, Coffea robusta 1, Melaleuca laucadendron, Mangifera indica, Hevea brasiliensisensisensi, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Nephelium lappaceum were 27.93, 26.13, 24.60, 24.53; 24.53, 24.07, 21.90, 21.60, and 21.53 mm, respectively. In conclusion, clustering analysis was conducted based on nectar sources to evaluate antibacterial and diastase activity. The clusters identified are cluster 1 consisting of Hevea brasiliensisensi, cluster 2 including Mangifera indica, and Nephelium lappaceum. Others are cluster 3 consisting of Acacia carpa and Calliandra calothyrsus, and clustergroup 4 including Nephelium lappaceum, Ceiba pentandra, Coffea robusta 1, and Coffea robusta 2. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out antibacterial testing of other bacteria, specifically Salmonella typhi, and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of honey with the best antibacterial activity in various concentration variations.

Actinomycetes are known to be a source of natural products and drugs. Gordonia terrae, an actinomycete pigment producer, shows potential in producing pigment with antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of the active pigment fraction produced by the actinomycete G. terrae, assess the effects of the active pigment fraction on microbial cells, and identify the types of compounds present in the fraction. The pigment extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Specifically, it showed activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Furthermore, the study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the active fractions, revealed the active fraction had better antimicrobial activity than the crude extract. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the active fraction of the pigment causes damage to B. subtilis ATCC 6633 cells, inhibits the formation of filaments in C. albicans ATCC 10231, and alters the normal shape of the cells. LC-MS/MS results showed that the active fraction contained several compounds known for their antimicrobial activity. Among the dominant compounds identified were cholestyramine, aminopregnane, and sphinganine. Thus, this study demonstrated that the orange pigment extract derived from G. terrae JSN1.9 exhibits promising antimicrobial activity.

Stress conditions will trigger the histone hyperacetylation process due to histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP (HAT PCAF) constantly transfers acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to conserved lysine residues on histone proteins to form ε-N-acetyllysine. This can be a cause of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms and inhibition of PCAF HAT by chemical components of C. xanthorrhiza namely, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and xanthorrizhol using in silico, the molecular docking method. Results showed that the components of C. xanthorrhiza as ligands have the capability to inhibit the binding of acetyl-CoA to histone. These results can be used to predict the inhibitory mechanisms exhibited by C. xanthorrhiza components, as competitive and noncompetitive substances. We hypothesize that C. xanthorrhiza components resemble a substrate, leading to prevention of the natural substrate (histone) to bind to the enzyme, and hence block the product formation. The smallest free Gibs energy was exhibited by curcumin on chain B and by bismethoxycurcumin on chain A, with values of -8.8 and -8.4 Kcal/mol, respectively.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nanopropolis to cure cancer induced on rat mammary tumor using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). After the first tumors appearance, twenty eight rats were divided into seven groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 served as recipient of nanopropolis dosages 8, 32 and 56 µg/mL treatments; Group 4 served asrecipient of propolis dosage of 233 µg/mL treatment; Group 5 served asrecipient of doxorubicin treatment; Group 6 served as recipient of DMBA treatment and Group 7 as normal group (control). The effect of nanopropolis dosage of 32 µg/mL and propolis dosage of 233 µg/mL were similar in reducing tumor size, healing the wounds caused by the tumor and eliminating cancer cells. It turns out that there is a relationship between particle size absorbent materials. The study suggested that nanopropolis with small concentration was very effective to treatrat mammary gland tumors and breast cancers. Keywords: breast cancer, nanopropolis, propolis, Sprague-Dawley rat