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Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) causes extensive losses in soybean production in worldwide, including major soybean-producing countries such as Argentina. Cercospora kikuchii, C. cf. sigesbeckiae, C. cf. flagellaris, and C. cf. nicotianae are identified as pathogens of CLB. Soybean resistance against CLB is still unknown. Also, chemical control for CLB is losing effectiveness because of fungicide resistance of pathogens such as C. kikuchii. We urgently need to breed a CLB-resistant cultivar. Unfortunately, efficient methods for the screening of a resistant soybean genotype have not yet been established. In this study, we designed a new, high-throughput inoculation method for identifying resistance against one of the CLB pathogens, C. kikuchii. We used liquid-cultured mycelia of the pathogen C. kikuchii on detached soybean leaves. Lesions on soybean leaflets appeared 9 days postinoculation by this method. We used this method to select four C. kikuchii-resistant genotypes from 80 genotypes in the World Soybean Core Collection. The high-throughput screening method developed in this study can contribute to the research about C. kikuchii resistance by facilitating identification of resistant varieties. EEA Pergamino Fil: Kashiwa, Takeshi. Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division; Japón Fil: Lavilla, Miguel Ángel. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Diaz Paleo, Antonio Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Laboratorio Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Diaz Paleo, Antonio Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Ivancovich, Antonio Juan Gerardo. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Yamanaka, Naoki. Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division; Japón

Background: Biotechnological breeding of elite sugarcane cultivars is currently limited because of the difficulty of regenerating plants by tissue culture. Here, we report that commercially elite sugarcane genotypes, which are adapted to Argentinian agro-ecological conditions, are capable of being regenerated via indirect somatic embryogenesis. Leaf rolls of five elite genotypes were cultured following two callus induction protocols using different concentrations of 2,4-D as the growth regulator. Embryogenic calluses were regenerated under light conditions. Regenerated plants were subsequently acclimatized in the greenhouse under two acclimatization procedures before being transplanted to the field. Results: Four of the five genotypes were able to form somatic embryos following the two induction protocols. The variables related to embryogenic callus production were influenced by the interaction between genotype and culture conditions. For plant regeneration, the embryogenic calluses were further cultured on an IBA-supplemented medium, where we observed a high genotype dependence. Calluses from the four cultivars regenerated a good number of plants. With the procedures described here, we obtained more than 90% of well-acclimatized plants both in the greenhouse and in the field. Conclusions: This protocol provides a simple way to regenerate sugarcane plants through indirect somatic embryogenesis. Also, the results confirm that tissue culture ability is highly genotype-dependent in sugarcane. Our findings suggest that these elite cultivars could be good candidates for biotechnological breeding. EEA Famaillá Fil: Di Pauli, Valentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Paola Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina Fil: Lewi, Dalia Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Felipe, Arturo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina Fil: Erazzú, Luis E. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina.

Los frutos de aguacate son nutritivos y de gran aceptación para su consumo en fresco. México es uno de los países con mayor producción y consumo de aguacate a nivel mundial. Las condiciones geográficas y edafoclimáticas de Nayarit, México, han sido idóneas para la reproducción del género Persea, por lo que existe un gran acervo genético del aguacate. El objetivo fue analizar la diversidad genética de Persea americana criollo del estado de Nayarit con los marcadores genéticos ISSR que son altamente polimórficos. Se recolectaron 43 materiales de aguacate criollo en cinco municipios de Nayarit, México. El nivel de diversidad genética detectado fue del 64 %, mientras que el análisis molecular de varianza indicó que la mayor variación se encuentra dentro de las poblaciones (82 %). La distancia genética de Nei y Li (Dice) agruparon los genotipos entre grupos de acuerdo con las distancias genéticas y se observó que la agrupación en la mayoría de los nodos estuvo asociada a la situación geográfica o climática. La información generada de esta investigación puede ser útil para construir estrategias de conservación y manejo del cultivo. Aguacate-Persea americana

Currently, there are no studies on the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in Peru related to the reaction ofMeloidogynespp. Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the reaction of five quinoa cultivars (‘Salcedo INIA’, ‘Choclito’, ‘Huariponcho’, ‘Negra Collana’, and ‘Kcancolla’)toMeloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita,andMeloidogyne hapla. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomizeddesign, with five quinoa cultivars and three species ofMeloidogynespp. with six repetitions. Quinoa plants were kept in a mesh house andplaced in polyethylene bags with 3,000 dm³ of sterile soil inoculated with 5,000 eggs + juveniles (J2). After 90 days of inoculation, thenumber of nematodes per gram of root, number of galls, and the reproduction factor (final population/initial population) were determined.All quinoa cultivars were susceptible toM. incognitaand resistant toM. arenariaandM. hapla,except for ‘Negra Collana’, which wassusceptible toM. arenaria, and ‘Salcedo INIA’ and ‘Huariponcho’, susceptible toM. hapla. Actualmente el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) en el Perú no cuenta con estudios relacionados a la reacción deMeloidogynespp. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la reacción de cultivares de quinua (‘Salcedo INIA’, ‘Choclito’, ‘Huariponcho’, ‘NegraCollana’ y ‘Kcancolla’) aMeloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne arenariayMeloidogyne hapla.Las plantas de quinua se manejaron encasa malla y fueron colocadas en bolsas de polietileno con 3.000 dm³ de suelo estéril, los cuales fueron inoculados con 5.000 huevos+ juveniles (J2). Después de los 90 días de la inoculación, se determinó el número de nematodos por gramo de raíz, número de agallasy factor de reproducción (población final/población inicial). Todos los cultivares de quinua son clasificados como susceptibles aM.incognita,resistentes aM. arenaria y M. haplaa excepción de Negra Collana siendo considerado susceptible aM. arenaria,asimismo,‘Salcedo INIA’ y ‘Huariponcho’ son considerados susceptibles aM. hapla.

The cowpea is the most important legume in the Colombian Caribbean because of its positive impact on the food and nutritional security of low-income rural families. It is cultivated by small producers but its yields per hectare does not exceed 600 kg because of the use of obsolete cultivars. The objective of the research was to estimate correlations between seven quantitative characteristics and the path analysis between grain yield and six quantitative characteristics, with the results of the evaluation of 10 genotypes with a semi-prostrate growth habit and high grain yield, grown in eight environments in humid and dry tropics in the Colombian Caribbean region. A randomized complete blocks design was used, with four repetitions. Significant differences between the environments, genotypes and genotype ₓ environment interaction were detected. The genotypic correlations had a greater magnitude than the phenotypic ones, highlighting the correlation between grain width (GW) and grain yield (GY), rP = 0.69*, rG = 0.78*, and between the weight of 100 seeds (100SW) and GW, rP = 0.97**, rG = 0.99 **. The characteristics GW and number of pods per plant (NPP) had positive direct effects on the GY, with an indirect negative effect on NPP by way of GW. The height of the first pod (HFP), the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and the 100SW directly and negatively influenced the GY of the 10 semi-prostrate cowpea cultivars. RESUMEN El caupí es la leguminosa más importante del Caribe colombiano, por su impacto positivo en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de las familias rurales de escasos ingresos. Es cultivada por pequeños productores, pero sus rendimientos por hectárea no superan los 600 kg, debido al uso cultivares obsoletos. El objetivo de la investigación fue estimar las correlaciones entre siete características cuantitativas y el análisis de sendero entre el rendimiento de grano y seis características cuantitativas, con los resultados de la evaluación de 10 genotipos de hábito de crecimiento semi-postrado, de alto rendimiento de grano, cultivados en ocho ambientes del trópico húmedo y seco de la región Caribe colombiana, bajo el diseño bloques completos al azar, con 10 tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre ambientes, genotipos e interacción genotipo × ambiente. Las correlaciones genotípicas fueron de mayor magnitud que las fenotípicas, destacándose la correlación entre el ancho de grano (AG) y el rendimiento de grano (REND), rF=0,69*, rG=0,78*, igualmente entre el peso de 100 semillas (P100S) y el AG, rF=0,97**, rG=0,99**. Los caracteres AG y número de vainas por planta (NVP) presentaron efectos directos positivos sobre el REND, con efecto indirecto negativo de NVP vía AG, mientras que la altura de la primera vaina (AIPV), el número de semillas por vaina (NSPV) y el P100S influyeron directa y negativamente en el REND de los 10 cultivares de caupí.

The aim of this study was to characterize Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and buffalo tissue samples, from two Brazilian states, and to analyse their genetic diversity by spoligotyping. Tissue samples from tuberculosis suspect animals, 57 in Amazonas State (12 cattle and 45 buffaloes) and six from Pará State (5 cattle and one buffalo) from slaughterhouses under State Veterinary Inspection, were isolated in culture medium Stonebrink. The positive cultures were confirmed by PCR and analysed by the spoligotyping technique and the patterns (spoligotypes) were identified and compared at the Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype Database (http://www.mbovis.org/). There was bacterial growth in 44 (69.8%) of the tissues of the 63 animals, of which PCR for region of differentiation 4 identified 35/44 (79.5%) as Mycobacterium bovis. Six different spoligotypes were identified among the 35 Mycobacterium bovis isolates, of which SB0295, SB1869, SB0121 and SB1800 had already been described in Brazil, and SB0822 and SB1608 had not been described. The most frequent spoligotype in this study (SB0822) had already been described in buffaloes in Colombia, a neighbouring country of Amazonas state. The other identified spoligotypes were also described in other South American countries, such as Argentina and Venezuela, and described in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Goiás, indicating an active movement of Mycobacterium bovis strains within Brazil., The aims of the study are to determine the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle and buffalos in the states of Amazonas and Para in Brazil, using spoligotyping, and to compare the spoligotypes to those reported in other South American countries. Six molecularly different spoligotypes were identified: SB0295, SB1869, SB0121, SB1800, SB0822 and SB1608. Two of the six (SB0822 and SB1608) had not been reported in Brazil. Spoligotype SB0822 had been reported in a neighbouring country (Columbia), suggesting a possible movement of animals between the countries.

Cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), is the most important legume in the Colombian Caribbean and is cultivated mainly by family-economy farmers under variable environmental conditions. This demands the identification of cultivars with greater adaptation and stability, since genotype - environment interaction (GEI) hinders the process of selection and recommendation of cultivars that, because of their genetic potential, exceed the current yield (600 kg ha-1). The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of 10 cowpea bean genotypes of semi-prostrate habit in eight environments of the Colombian Caribbean, during the years 2017B and 2018A; using the randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The analysis was performed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The results showed highly significant differences at the level of environments, genotypes and GEI. The first three axes of the interaction were significant, selecting the first two for accumulating 81.84% of the sum of squares of the genotype by environment interaction. Genotype 2 showed the greatest adaptability and stability, but its performance was slightly lower than the average; genotypes 6 and 10 presented the highest grain yields, but were influenced by the environments, with the best response in favorable environments. The best environments corresponded to VN8A and SA7B. RESUMO O feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), é a leguminosa mais importante do Caribe colombiano e é cultivado principalmente por agricultores familiares em condições ambientais variáveis. Isso exige a identificação de cultivares com maior adaptação e estabilidade, visto que a interação genótipo - ambiente (IGA) dificulta o processo de seleção e recomendação de cultivares que, devido ao seu potencial genético, permitem superar a produtividade atual (600 kg ha-1). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de 10 genótipos de feijão-caupi de hábito semipós-cultivado em oito ambientes do Caribe colombiano, durante os anos 2017B e 2018A; usando o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. A análise foi realizada utilizando o modelo de efeitos principais aditivos e interação multiplicativa (AMMI). Os resultados mostraram diferenças altamente significativas ao nível de ambientes, genótipos e IGA. Os três primeiros eixos da interação foram significativos, selecionando os dois primeiros por acumular 81,84% da soma dos quadrados do genótipo por interação com o ambiente. O genótipo 2 apresentou maior adaptabilidade e estabilidade, mas seu desempenho foi ligeiramente inferior à média; os genótipos 6 e 10 apresentaram os maiores rendimentos de grãos, mas foram influenciados pelos ambientes, com melhor resposta em ambientes favoráveis. Os melhores ambientes corresponderam a VN8A e SA7B.

Los métodos clásicos de mejoramiento han estrechado la base genética del arroz. La selección recurrente (SR) permite el mejoramiento de una población, mediante la pirámidación de alelos favorables de diversos donantes y de origen genético diverso. Ha sido usada en Colombia por CIAT/CIRAD, para el desarrollo y el mejoramiento del acervo genético del arroz Oryza sativa L., tipo Japonica Tropical de secano en sabanas ácidas. Se evaluaron en bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones, 50 líneas avanzadas junto con el testigo comercial Corpoica Llanura 11. Se observó diferencia significativa entre líneas de arroz para las variables dependientes rendimiento de grano, días a floración, vigor e incidencia de Pyricularia en hojas y cuello, así como manchado de grano. Las líneas 39 y 37, de la población PCT-11, presentaron los mayores rendimientos, con 6,471 y 6,192kg ha-1, respectivamente, diferentes significativamente del testigo y de nueve líneas de ciclo tardío de la población PCT-4, que presentaron rendimientos muy bajos. Especialmente, la línea 39, mostró menor incidencia del hongo Pyricularia en hojas, que el testigo comercial Corpoica Llanura 11. Los presentes resultados muestran la utilidad de la SR en arroz de sabanas, para generar líneas superiores en rendimiento, en resistencia a enfermedades, en adaptación a las sabanas ácidas y el potencial para contribuir a la diversificación de su base genética. The classical breeding methods have narrowed the genetic base of rice. The pedigree method with a limited number of elite and genetically related parents, can reduce variability in long term studies. The development of populations with a broad genetic base and the use of breeding methods that allow the continuous accumulation of favorable alleles could overcome these disadvantages. Recurrent selection (SR) allows the improvement of a population through the pyramidation of favorable alleles of diverse donors and of diverse genetic origin. It has been used in Colombia by CIAT/CIRAD for the development and improvement of the genetic stock of Oryza sativa L. rice, a tropical rain-fed Japonica type in acid savannas. They were evaluated in complete blocks at random with three repetitions, 50 advanced lines of this project, together with the commercial control Corpoica Llanura 11. There was a significant difference between rice lines for the dependent variables grain yield, days to flowering, vigor and incidence of Pyriculariain leaves and spotted of grain. Lines 39 and 37 of the PCT-11 population presented the highest yields, with 6.471 and 6.192 kg ha-1, respectively, significantly different from the control and nine late cycle lines of the PCT-4 population, which presented very low yields. Especially line 39 showed a lower incidence of the Pyriculariafungus on leaves than the commercial control Corpoica Llanura 11. The present results and others obtained in Colombia and Brazil, show the utility of SR in savanna rice to generate superior lines in yield, resistance to diseases, adaptation to acid savannas and the potential to contribute to the diversification of the genetic base Incluye referencias bibliográficas

The interaction between Meloidogyne and Fusarium can alter the resistance behavior of passion fruit genotypes. The study was aimed to evaluate the reaction of genotypes of Passiflora spp. to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 (Mi)-Fusarium solani (Fs) complex. The assay was carried using RBD in the factorial arrangement: 10 genotypes (BRS-SC, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. nitida, P. giberti, P.setacea, P. mucronata, P. murifolia, P. cincinnata, P. ligularis) x 3 treatments (Mi, Mi+Fs, Fs). After 180 days of planting the reaction to Mi was determined by RF (Pi/Pf) and to Fs by lesions size in roots and stems. According to the criteria of Oostenbrink and Moura and Regis, BRS-SC, M-19-UFV. P. alata and P. cincinnata behaved as resistant and P. giberti as susceptible. According to the Taylor and Sasser, BRS-SC, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. cincinnata and P. giberti behaved as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately suscetible and susceptible, respectively. Lower percentage of plants with symtoms of Fs was found in P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. cincinnata and M-19-UFV In the presence of both pathogens, M-19-UFV, P. alata and P. nitida were those with larger lesion. In the presence de Fs, BRS-SC, P. alata, P. cincinnata and P. ligularis showed the largest lesions. A interação Meloidogyne-Fusarium pode alterar o comportamento de resistência de genótipos de maracujazeiro. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho avaliar a reação de genótipos de Passiflora ao complexo Meloidogyne incognita raça 3 e Fusarium solani. O experimento foi conduzido em DBC com esquema fatorial 10x3, sendo dez genótipos de Passiflora, (híbrido BRS Sol do Cerrado, seleção-M-19 da UFV, P. alata, P. nitida, P. giberti, P. setacea, P. mucronata, P. morifolia, P. cincinnata e P. ligularis e três tratamentos, M. incognita raça 3, M. incognita + Fusarium solani e F. solani. Após 180 dias do plantio e inoculação dos patógenos, avaliou-se a reação a M. incognita por meio do fator de reprodução- (FR = Pi/Pf) e variáveis nematológicas e a reação a F. solani pelo tamanho das lesões nas raízes e caules. De acordo com os critérios de Oostenbrink e de Moura e Regis, ‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, M-19-UFV, P. alata e P. cincinnata foram resistentes e P. giberti foi suscetível a M. incognita raça 3. De acordo com Taylor e Sasser, ‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. cincinnata e P. giberti foram resistente, moderadamente, moderadamente suscetível e suscetível, respectivamente, ao nematoide. Menores porcentagens de plantas com sintomas de Fusarium foi encontrada em P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. cincinnata e M-19-UFV. Na presença de ambos os patógenos, M-19-UFV, P. alata e P. nitida foram os que apresentaram maior tamanho de lesão. Na presença de F. solani,‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, P. alata, P. cincinnata e P. ligularis apresentaram as maiores lesões causadas pelo fungo.

[EN] Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been cultivated mainly in the Andean mountain range in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, it was one of the main foods of the pre-Inca and Inca peoples. The benefits of quinoa lie in its high nutritional value with a protein content and its great phenotypic plasticity. The present investigation was carried out in the Experimental Farm “La María” of the State Technical University of Quevedo, located in the Province of Los Ríos. The objective of the work was to analyze the agronomic characteristics of quinoa genotypes in environmental conditions of the central coast. A completely randomized design was applied with 21 treatments (genotypes) and three repetitions. The agronomic variables evaluated showed significant statistical differences (p, [ES] La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) se ha cultivado principalmente en la cordillera de los Andes en Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador y Colombia, fue uno de los principales alimentos de los pueblos andinos preincaicos e incaicos. Las bondades de la quinua radican en su alto valor nutricional por su contenido de proteína y su gran plasticidad fenotípica. La presente investigación se realizó en la Finca Experimental “La María” de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, ubicada en la provincia de Los Ríos. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características agronómicas de los genotipos de quinua en condiciones ambientales de la costa central. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con veintiún tratamientos (genotipos) y tres repeticiones. Las variables agronómicas evaluadas mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p, Este proyecto fue financiado con Fondos Concursables FOCICYT-2017 Quinta Convocatoria, de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo

Genomic selection is an efficient approach to get shorter breeding cycles in recurrent selection programs and greater genetic gains with selection of superior individuals. Despite advances in genotyping techniques, genetic studies for polyploid species have been limited to a rough approximation of studies in diploid species. The major challenge is to distinguish the different types of heterozygotes present in polyploid populations. In this work, we evaluated different genomic prediction models applied to a recurrent selection population of 530 genotypes of Panicum maximum, an autotetraploid forage grass. We also investigated the effect of the allele dosage in the prediction, i.e., considering tetraploid (GS-TD) or diploid (GS-DD) allele dosage. A longitudinal linear mixed model was fitted for each one of the six phenotypic traits, considering different covariance matrices for genetic and residual effects. A total of 41,424 genotyping-by-sequencing markers were obtained using 96-plex and Pst1 restriction enzyme, and quantitative genotype calling was performed. Six predictive models were generalized to tetraploid species and predictive ability was estimated by a replicated fivefold cross-validation process. GS-TD and GS-DD models were performed considering 1,223 informative markers. Overall, GS-TD data yielded higher predictive abilities than with GS-DD data. However, different predictive models had similar predictive ability performance. In this work, we provide bioinformatic and modeling guidelines to consider tetraploid dosage and observed that genomic selection may lead to additional gains in recurrent selection program of P. maximum.

An evaluation of four stevia genotypes for biomass yield, stevioside and rebaudioside A content and yield under decreasing photoperiod conditions was carried out in the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, located in the State of Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. This field experiment was conducted at Site São Miguel, a farm located in the city of Lontras (SC), Brazil, under conditions of decreasing photoperiods, with a variation of 13.72 h of light at experiment implantation to 12.57 h of light at the end of the evaluations. The treatments consisted of four genotypes (G4, G8, G9 and G12) provided by EMBRAPA-CENARGEN. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (stevia genotypes) and four replications was used. Each plot consisted of 21 plants, and the floor area had five plants. G12 had the highest leaf dry weight (LDW), total leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area of all the genotypes. G4 and G12 were equal for LDW and were higher than the other genotypes, with yields of 755.6 and 836.4 kg ha-1, respectively. The stevioside content was highest in G12 (200.07 mg g-1). G8 and G9 were similar for rebaudioside A content (64.77 and 49.05 mg g-1, respectively). The rebaudioside A: stevioside ratio was highest in G8 (0.44 g g-1). No genotype had a rebaudioside A: stevioside ratio suitable for industry requirements. RESUMEN La evaluación de cuatro genotipos de estevia para la producción de biomasa, el contenido y rendimiento de esteviósido y rebaudiósido A, se llevó a cabo en la región de Alto Vale do Itajaí, estado de Santa Catarina, SC (Brasil), en condiciones de disminución de fotoperíodo. El experimento se realizó en el campo de la Granja São Miguel, Lontras, SC, Brasil, bajo condiciones de disminución del fotoperíodo, con una variación de 13.72 h de luz, en el momento de la implantación del experimento, a 12.57 h de luz al final de las evaluaciones. Los tratamientos fueron cuatro genotipos (G4, G8, G9 y G12), procedentes de EMBRAPA-CENARGEN. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos (genotipos de estevia) y cuatro repeticiones. Cada parcela constaba de 21 plantas y el área del piso por cinco plantas. G12 tuvo el mayor peso seco de la hoja (PSH), área foliar total, índice de área foliar, relación de área foliar y área foliar específica de todos los genotipos. G4 y G12 presentaron similitud en PSH, siendo superiores a los demás, con producción de 755,6 y 836,4 kg ha-1, respectivamente. El contenido de esteviósido fue mayor en G12 (200.07 mg g-1). G8 y G9 fueron iguales para el contenido de rebaudiósido A, presentando 64,77 y 49,05 mg g-1, respectivamente. La relación rebaudiósido A: esteviósido fue mayor en el genotipo G8 (0,44 g g-1). Ningún genotipo evaluado bajo las condiciones productivas del Alto Vale do Itajaí presentó la relación rebaudiósido A: esteviósido apropiada requerido para la industria.

Background: Equine rotavirus A (ERVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea in neonatal foals and has a negative impact on equine breeding enterprises worldwide. Among ERVA strains infecting foals, the genotypes G3P[12] and G14P[12] are the most prevalent, while infections by strains with other genomic arrangements are infrequent. The identification of circulating strains of ERVA is critical for diagnostic and surveillance purposes, as well as to understand their molecular epidemiology. Current genotyping methods available for ERVA and rotaviruses affecting other animal species rely on Sanger sequencing and are significantly time-consuming, costly and labor intensive. Here, we developed the first one-step multiplex TaqMan® real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay targeting the NSP3 and VP7 genes of ERVA G3 and G14 genotypes for the rapid detection and G-typing directly from fecal specimens. Methods: A one-step multiplex TaqMan® RT-qPCR assay targeting the NSP3 and VP7 genes of ERVA G3 and G14 genotypes was designed. The analytical sensitivity was assessed using serial dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA containing the target sequences while the analytical specificity was determined using RNA and DNA derived from a panel of group A rotaviruses along with other equine viruses and bacteria. The clinical performance of this multiplex assay was evaluated using a panel of 177 fecal samples and compared to a VP7-specific standard RT-PCR assay and Sanger sequencing. Limits of detection (LOD), sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were determined. Results: The multiplex G3 and G14 VP7 assays demonstrated high specificity and efficiency, with perfect linearity. A 100-fold difference in their analytical sensitivity was observed when compared to the singleplex assays; however, this difference did not have an impact on the clinical performance. Clinical performance of the multiplex RT-qPCR assay demonstrated that this assay had a high sensitivity/specificity for every target (100% for NSP3, > 90% for G3 VP7 and > 99% for G14 VP7, respectively) and high overall agreement (> 98%) compared to conventional RT-PCR and sequencing. Conclusions: This new multiplex RT-qPCR assay constitutes a useful, very reliable tool that could significantly aid in the rapid detection and G-typing of ERVA strains circulating in the field. Instituto de Virología Fil: Carossino, Mariano. Louisiana State University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Estados Unidos. Universidad del Salvador. Escuela de Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Barrandeguy, Maria Edith. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador. Escuela de Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Erol, Erdal. University of Kentucky. Department of Veterinary Science. University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Li, Yanqiu. University of Kentucky. Department of Veterinary Science. Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Balasuriya, Udeni B. R. Louisiana State University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Estados Unidos

In the northern region of the Ecuadorian Amazon, there are papaya genotypes with acceptable production and fruit quality traits; however, they are heterogeneous. The aim of this research was to evaluate papaya genotypes for the selection of individuals through fruit quality traits. The study was carried out at the Central Amazon Experimental Station of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, located in the canton La Joya de los Sachas, Orellana Province. A completely randomized design with a different number of observations according to the number of individuals per genotype was used. The recorded variables were: fruit weight (kg), pulp weight (kg), peel weight (kg), fruit diameter (cm), fruit length (cm), pulp thickness (cm), fruit firmness (kg-f), pH, total soluble solids (°Bx), titratable acidity, and flavor ratio. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, mean comparison tests (Tukey 95%) for dendrograms, correlation matrix, and Biplot graphs. Results showed individuals with high production (more than 50 fruits/plant) and fruits with market demanded traits for fresh consumption (fruit weight between 0.2 and ≥ 2.0 kg, and soluble solids content ≥ 11.5 °Bx). In addition, ten elite individuals were identified as they meet the dual production and fruit quality traits, and must be considered for future breeding programmes. Resumen En el norte de la Amazonía ecuatoriana se encuentran genotipos de papaya que, si bien tienen características aceptables de producción y calidad de fruta, son heterogéneos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar estos genotipos para la selección de individuos con base en las características de calidad de fruta. El estudio se desarrolló en la Estación Experimental Central de la Amazonía del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, ubicada en el cantón La Joya de los Sachas, provincia de Orellana. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con diferente número de observaciones de acuerdo a la cantidad de individuos por cada genotipo de papaya. Las variables evaluadas fueron: peso de fruto (kg), peso de pulpa (kg), peso de cáscara (kg), diámetro de fruto (cm), longitud de fruto (cm), espesor de pulpa (cm), firmeza de fruto (kg-f), pH, sólidos solubles totales (°Bx), acidez titulable y relación sabor. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza de una vía, pruebas de comparación de medias de Tukey (95 %) para dendrograma, matriz de correlación y gráficos Biplot. Los resultados mostraron individuos con alta producción (más de 50 frutos/planta) y frutos con características exigidas por el mercado para consumo en fresco (peso de fruto entre 0,2 y ≥ 2,0 kg y contenido de sólidos solubles ≥ 11,5 °Bx). Además, se identificaron diez individuos élite que cumplen con la doble condición de producción y calidad de fruta, y deben ser considerados para posteriores programas de mejoramiento genético.

Ehrlichia are small intracellular Gram-negative bacteria transmitted by ticks. These microorganisms cause ehrlichiosis, a complex of life-threatening emerging zoonoses and diseases of global veterinary relevance. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Ehrlichia in free-living Ixodes auritulus collected in Uruguay. Ticks were collected from vegetation in five localities from the southeast and northeast of the country between 2014 and 2017. Detection of Ehrlichia DNA was performed in pools of adults or nymphs grouped according to the collection site and date. A total of 1,548 I. auritulus ticks were collected in four of the five locations sampled. Fragments of three loci (16S rRNA, dsb and groEL) were obtained by PCR, and phylogenies inferred using Bayesian inference analysis for each gene independently. DNA of Ehrlichia spp. was found in 15 out of 42 tick pools. Based on the topology of the phylogenetic trees, our sequences represent two novel genotypes for the genus named as Ehrlichia sp. Serrana and Ehrlichia sp. Laguna Negra. Both genotypes were closely related to Ehrlichia sp. Magellanica, a species detected in Ixodes uriae and Magellanic penguins. Considering that all stages of I. auritulus and I. uriae are parasites of birds, their phylogenetic relationships, and common eco-epidemiological profiles, it is reasonable to state that these genotypes of Ehrlichia spp. may represent a natural group likely associated with birds. Our results constitute the first characterization of Ehrlichia spp. in Uruguay. Future studies on birds reported as hosts for I. auritulus are needed to further understand the epidemiological cycles of both Ehrlichia genotypes in the country. Finally, I. auritulus does not feed on humans, so the two Ehrlichia species reported herein might have no implications in human health. EEA Rafaela Fil: Félix, María L. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Veterinaria. Laboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas; Uruguay Fil: Muñoz-Leal, Sebastian. Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva; Chile Fil: Carvalho, Luis A. AgResearch. Grasslands Research Centre; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Queirolo, Diego. Universidad de La República. CENUR Noreste; Uruguay Fil: Remesar Alonso, Susana. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group); España Fil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Armúa-Fernández, María T. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Veterinaria. Laboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas; Uruguay Fil: Venzal, José Manuel. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Veterinaria. Laboratorio de Vectores y Enfermedades Transmitidas; Uruguay

Genetic resistance is the most efficient tool in crop disease management. Peanut smut is currently one of most important peanut diseases, with its incidence increasing in terms of both damage level and crop area covered. The aim of this study was to assess the response of different genotypes obtained by the Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria of the Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (Argentina) to smut and their yield. During the 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop seasons, three experimental assays were conducted in General Deheza (Córdoba province, Argentina) to evaluate the varieties Uchaima, Utré and Mapu, the advanced lines LAx-1, LAx-2, LAx-3 and LAx-4, and the cultivar Granoleico, which was used as susceptible control. Final incidence and severity of peanut smut, as well as kernel yield, were evaluated. The variety Utré and the advanced line LAx-1 exhibited the best response to smut over the three crop seasons, without differences between them, but differing significantly from the remaining genotypes. Both genotypes showed incidence below 6.8% and severity below 0.21. In the 2016/17 crop season, LAx-1 had the highest kernel yield (3791.6 kg/ha). In the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop seasons, Utré had the highest yield (1065 and 3975 kg/ha). Kernel yield of susceptible genotypes was below 2851.6 kg/ha in the 2016/17 and 2018/19 crop seasons, and below 805 kg/ha in the 2017/18 crop season. Genotypes LAx-1 and Utré are resistant to peanut smut. This is the first report of a peanut commercial variety developed in Argentina (Utré) with confirmed tolerance to smut. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Fil: Kearney, M. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Zuza, M. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Ibañez, M. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Peralta, V. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Peiretti, G. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Alcalde, M. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Mojica, C. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP); Argentina Fil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina

INTRODUCTION: The clinical manifestations of cryptococcosis are usually associated with the infecting agents Cryptococcus neoformans (CN) and C. gattii (CG) species complexes and the host. In this study, non-HIV-infected patients, at a university hospital in southeastern Brazil, had epidemiological and clinical data associated with cryptococcal disease and isolated Cryptococcus species: CN - 24 patients and CG - 12 patients. METHODS: The comparison was comprised of demographic data, predisposing factors, clinical and laboratory manifestations, and outcomes of cryptococcosis patients treated between 2000 and 2016. Immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients were also compared, irrespective of the infecting species. Cryptococcus spp. were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis of the URA5 gene. RESULTS: Infections by the CN species complex (100% VNI genotype) were associated with drug immunosuppression and fungemia, and patients infected with the CG species complex (83% VG II and 17% VGI genotypes) had more evident environmental exposure and higher humoral response. CN and CG affected patients with or without comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus, other chronic non-infectious diseases, and alcoholism were likely predisposing factors for infection by both CN and CG species. Immunocompetent patients, independent of the infecting Cryptococcus species complexes, showed a higher occurrence of meningitis and a trend toward less fungal dissemination and longer survival than immunosuppressed hosts.

Grapevine cultivars are clonally propagated to preserve their varietal attributes. However, genetic variations accumulate due to the occurrence of somatic mutations. This process is anthropically influenced through plant transportation, clonal propagation and selection. Malbec is a cultivar that is well-appreciated for the elaboration of red wine. It originated in Southwestern France and was introduced in Argentina during the 1850s. In order to study the clonal genetic diversity of Malbec grapevines, we generated whole-genome resequencing data for four accessions with different clonal propagation records. A stringent variant calling procedure was established to identify reliable polymorphisms among the analyzed accessions. The latter procedure retrieved 941 single nucleotide variants (SNVs). A reduced set of the detected SNVs was corroborated through Sanger sequencing, and employed to custom-design a genotyping experiment. We successfully genotyped 214 Malbec accessions using 41 SNVs, and identified 14 genotypes that clustered in two genetically divergent clonal lineages. These lineages were associated with the time span of clonal propagation of the analyzed accessions in Argentina and Europe. Our results show the usefulness of this approach for the study of the scarce intra-cultivar genetic diversity in grapevines. We also provide evidence on how human actions might have driven the accumulation of different somatic mutations, ultimately shaping the Malbec genetic diversity pattern., This work was supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT): PICT2015-0822, MINCyT/ANPCyT (FONTAR)-CDTI ‘IBEROGEN’, CONICET (Bilateral PCB-II, CONICET-CSIC; MINECO BIO2017-86375-R). COST Action CA17111. Authors wish to thank M. Victoria Bertoldi for the assistance with laboratory work at IBAM-CONICET.

Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes. However, in almond, little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks, although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported. To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide, marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed. Inbreeding coefficients, pairwise relatedness, and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes. The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars: “Tuono”, “Cristomorto”, and “Nonpareil”. Descendants from “Tuono” or “Cristomorto” number 76 (sharing 34 descendants), while “Nonpareil” has 71 descendants. The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041, with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient, over 0.250. Breeding programs from France, the USA, and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075, 0.070, and 0.037, respectively. According to their genetic contribution, modern cultivars from Israel, France, the USA, Spain, and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes. Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the Sf allele for self-compatibility, the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125, with “Tuono” as the main founding genotype (24.7% of total genetic contribution). The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide. Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress., This research was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO/FEDER Projects RTA 2017-00084-00-00 and CERCA Program Generalitat of Catalonia. FPC acknowledges a grant from the Spanish MINECO.

Departamento de ​Mejora Genética Animal (INIA), This work was supported by the European Association for Innovation project 001958/G02 (FEADER), the contract INIA-GENOVIS Con19-043 and the National project RTA2013-00041-C02-01

Background: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf. Husn) is the main staple crop used to make pasta products worldwide. Under the current climate change scenarios, genetic variability within a crop plays a crucial role in the successful release of new varieties with high yields and wide crop adaptation. In this study we evaluated a durum wheat collection consisting of 197 genotypes that mainly comprised a historical set of Argentinian germplasm but also included worldwide accessions. Results: We assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in this collection using a 35 K SNP array. The level of polymorphism was considered, taking account of the frequent and rare allelic variants. A total of 1547 polymorphic SNPs was located within annotated genes. Genetic diversity in the germplasm collection increased slightly from 1915 to 2010. However, a reduction in genetic diversity using SNPs with rare allelic variants was observed after 1979. However, larger numbers of rare private alleles were observed in the 2000–2009 period, indicating that a high reservoir of rare alleles is still present among the recent germplasm in a very low frequency. The percentage of pairwise loci in LD in the durum genome was low (13.4%) in our collection. Overall LD and the high (r2 > 0.7) or complete (r2 = 1) LD presented different patterns in the chromosomes. The LD increased over three main breeding periods (1915–1979, 1980–1999 and 2000–2020). Conclusions: Our results suggest that breeding and selection have impacted differently on the A and B genomes, particularly on chromosome 6A and 2A. The collection was structured in five sub-populations and modern Argentinian accessions (cluster Q4) which were clearly differentiated. Our study contributes to the understanding of the complexity of Argentinian durum wheat germplasm and to derive future breeding strategies enhancing the use of genetic diversity in a more efficient and targeted way. Fil: Roncallo, Pablo Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Larsen, Adelina Olga. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentina Fil: Achilli, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Saint Pierre, Carolina. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo; México Fil: Gallo, Cristian Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Dreisigacker, Susanne. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo; México Fil: Echenique, Carmen Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina

espanolContextualizacion: el frijol caupi es importante para la seguridad alimentaria de la region Caribe de Colombia, donde se cultivan genotipos criollos de bajo rendimiento por hectarea, susceptibles a factores bioticos y abioticos, y bajos contenidos de minerales. Vacio de conocimiento: se desconoce el comportamiento agronomico y la acumulacion de minerales en el grano, de nuevos genotipos obtenidos por seleccion individual. Proposito del estudio: evaluar el comportamiento agronomico y la calidad nutricional de ocho lineas homocigotas avanzadas de frijol caupi del programa de mejoramiento de la Universidad de Cordoba, Colombia. Metodologia: el experimento se establecio entre abril a julio de 2014, bajo un diseno en bloques completos aleatorizados con nueve tratamientos incluido el testigo Criollo-Cordoba, con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluaron las caracteristicas longitud de la vaina, longitud del grano, ancho del grano, peso de la vaina, numero de semilla por vaina, peso de cien semillas, rendimiento de grano por hectarea y contenidos de hierro, zinc, fosforo y proteina. Resultados y conclusiones: los genotipos presentaron diferencias significativas en numero de semillas por vaina, longitud del grano, ancho de grano, rendimiento de grano por hectarea, contenido de hierro, fosforo y proteina en el grano. Las lineas L-042 y L-047 fueron las de mejor comportamiento agronomico y calidad nutricional. El analisis de componentes principales y el biplot permitieron identificar a los genotipos L-014 y L-047 asociados a longitud del grano, longitud de vaina y peso de vaina, mientras que L-006, L-042 y CR-CO, estan asociados a ancho de grano, peso de cien semillas y rendimiento de grano por hectarea, lo cual es importante para los programas de mejoramiento genetico. EnglishContextualization: The cowpea bean is important for the food security of the Caribbean region of Colombia, where creole genotypes of low-yielding per hectare, susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors, and low mineral content are cultivated. Knowledge gap: The agronomic performance and mineral accumulation in the grain of new genotypes obtained by individual selection are unknown. Purpose: To evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritional quality of eight advanced homozygous lines of cowpea beans from the breeding program of the Universidad de Cordoba, Colombia. Methodology: The experiment was established between April and July 2014, under a randomized complete block design with nine treatments, including the Criollo-Cordoba as control, with four replications. The characteristics pod length, grain length and width and, pod weight, number of seed per pod, weight of one hundred seed, grain yield per hectare, iron, zinc, phosphorus and protein content were evaluated. Results and conclusions: The genotypes showed significant differences in pod weight, number of seed per pod, grain length, grain width, grain yield per hectares, iron, phosphorus and protein content in the grain. Lines L-042 and L-047 were the ones with the best agronomic performance and the highest nutritional quality. Principal component analysis and biplot allowed to identify the L-014 and L-047 genotypes associated with grain length, pod length and pod weight, while L-006, L-042 and CR-CO, are associated to grain width, weight of one hundred seed and grain yield per hectare, which is important for genetic improvement programs for this species.

Meat productivity and quality of beef are determined by a number of factors, including pedigree traits of animals. Meat productivity is closely related to the biological patterns of their growth and development. Considering the patterns that affect meat productivity enables effective growing and fattening of livestock and obtaining commercially viable beef. To predict economically useful traits in beef cattle breeding, interior indicators can be used, as they reflect the metabolic picture of the animal’s body. The research studies in physiology and biochemistry of livestock aimed at revealing the persistent mechanisms of a growing animal organism make them relevant. The article identifies a correlation between the interior indicators and the fattening indicators of three experimental groups of steers. The main forecasting factors of meat productivity indicators have been substantiated. Regression coefficients have been found and show how much the live weight varies depending on the determining factors. Meat productivity predicting procedures have been modeled with respect to the protein content in blood serum. RESUMO A produtividade e a qualidade da carne bovina são determinadas por diversos fatores, incluindo características de pedigree dos animais. A produtividade da carne tem relação íntima com os padrões biológicos de seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. A consideração dos padrões que afetam a produtividade da carne possibilita o crescimento e engorda eficazes dos rebanhos e a obtenção de carne bovina comercialmente viável. Para prever características economicamente úteis na criação de gado de corte, indicadores de interior podem ser usados, visto que refletem a imagem metabólica do corpo do animal. Tornam-se relevantes os estudos de pesquisa em fisiologia e bioquímica da pecuária com o objetivo de revelar os mecanismos persistentes de um organismo animal em crescimento. O artigo identifica uma correlação entre os indicadores internos e os indicadores de engorda de três grupos experimentais de novilhos. Os principais fatores de previsão dos indicadores de produtividade de carnes já foram comprovados. Coeficientes de regressão foram encontrados e mostram o quanto o peso vivo varia em função dos fatores determinantes. Os procedimentos de predição da produtividade da carne foram modelados em relação ao conteúdo de proteína no soro sanguíneo.

Wheat straw, one of the most abundant agricultural residues worldwide, can be used to produce biogas, which is considered one of the most efficiently produced renewable energies. Wheat grown with the dual-purpose of producing food and biogas should display simultaneously high grain and straw yields, low lodging susceptibility and high conversion efficiency of straw into biogas. The aims of this study were to determine the best food-fuel dual-purpose wheat candidates among 36 wheat genotypes—including French, CIMMYT and local (Criollo) germplasm—used in breeding programs in Argentina and to gain some insights into the relationships between key traits relevant for dual-purpose wheat genotypes. Results High variability in individual key traits for dual-purpose wheat ideotype has been found. Genotypes of French origin displayed the highest grain yield, and those of CIMMYT origin, the lowest straw yield. Genotypes of Criollo origin showed the highest lodging susceptibility, and French ones, the lowest. Straw yield was positively correlated with grain yield in all genotypes, and negatively correlated with plant height in genotypes of Criollo origin. Straw conversion into biogas was measured in terms of the biogas potential production and kinetic parameters Bmax (maximum specific biogas production) and k (first-order kinetic constant) were analyzed. All key traits were analyzed together by a principal component analysis. Baguette 31 and SNR Nogal, two genotypes of French origin, showed high grain yield, high-to-very high straw yield, low lodging susceptibility, and moderate-to-high Bmax and k. Buck Guapo and Buck Baqueano, two genotypes of Criollo origin, displayed good values for grain yield, straw yield and Bmax and k. However, their high lodging susceptibility precludes their production in shallow soils or high-input systems. Lastly, some old genotypes (e.g. Klein Atlas) harbored a good combination of all key traits and could prove valuable to be included in future breeding programs for dual-purpose wheat. Conclusions While none of the genotypes excelled in every key trait, a few candidates showed potential for dual-purpose ideotype, particularly Baguette 31 and SNR Nogal. The challenge lays in gathering all attributes for food and 2G fuel in the same genotype. EEA Balcarce Fil: Gabbanelli, Nadia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Fil: Gabbanelli, Nadia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Erbetta, Elisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Fil: Erbetta, Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Sanz Smachetti, Maria Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Fil: Sanz Smachetti, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Lorenzo, Máximo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Fil: Lorenzo, Máximo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Talia, Paola Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Fil: Ramírez, Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Fil: Ramírez, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Vera, Magdalena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Fil: Vera, Magdalena. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Durruty, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Fil: Pontaroli, Ana Clara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Fil: Pontaroli, Ana Clara. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Echarte, María Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Fil: Echarte, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.

Strawberry plant yields improve if they accumulate a certain number of cold hours, which does not occur naturally under tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. This study evaluated the agronomic characteristics of potted transplants from 14 strawberry genotypes that had been subjected to vernalization treatment prior to planting in the field. The transplants were stored in a cold chamber at 5°C for 576 h. The genotypes used in the experiment were Camino Real, Festival, Florida Eliane, Sweet Charliefp, Sweet Charlie, Dover, IAC Guaraní, Corea, Early Bright, and hybrid clones Dover × Rosalinda1 Dover × Rosalinda4, Dover × Oso Grande, Dover × Esplendida, and Dover × Aichi. The 14 genotypes in the control group received no vernalization treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 15 plants. A randomized complete blocks experimental design was used with a 14 × 2 factorial arrangement and three repetitions. Subjecting the strawberry transplants to the vernalization treatment had a significant effect on the total number of fruits per plant and total and commercial yield of fruits per plant, but there was no significant interaction between the factors and the evaluated yield and growth characteristics. Dover × Oso Grande, Florida Eliane, Camino Real, and Festival produced the greatest numbers of large fruits per plant. Vernalizing strawberry transplants increased the yield and the number of medium and small sized fruits per plant. The results showed that vernalization is a technique that could be used in tropical climate conditions to improve strawberry cultivation productivity. RESUMO O rendimento da planta de morango melhora si acumularem uma certa quantidade de horas frias, o que não ocorre naturalmente em condições de clima tropical e subtropical. Este estudo avaliou características agronómicas de 14 genotipos de morango sometidos a vernalização das mudas, produzidas em vasos, antes do transplante a campo. As mudas foram armazenadas em câmara fria a 5 °C por um período de 576 horas. Os genotipos avaliados foram Camino Real, Festival, Florida Eliane, Sweet Charliefp, Sweet Charlie, Dover, IAC Guaraní, Corea, Early Bright, e clones híbridos Dover × Rosalinda1 Dover × Rosalinda4, Dover × Oso Grande, Dover × Esplendida e Dover × Aichi. Os 14 genotipos do grupo controle não receberam tratamento de frio. Cada unidade experimental foi composta por 15 plantas. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 14 × 2, com três repetições. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores para as características avaliadas, mas houve efeito significativo da vernalização das mudas sobre número total de frutos por planta, produção total e comercial de frutos por planta. ‘Dover x Oso Grande’, ‘Florida Eliane’, ‘Camino Real’ e ‘Festival’ produziram a maior quantidade de frutos grandes por planta. Vernalizando as mudas de morango aumentaram o número de frutos médios e pequenos por planta. Pelos resultados obtidos pode se concluir que a vernalização é uma técnica que poderia ser utilizada em condições de clima tropical para melhorar o cultivo e aumentar a produtividade do cultivo de morango.

Interest in the consumption of the fruits of pepper (Capsicum spp.) is not only due to its organoleptic characteristics, but also due to its bioactive compounds content, which are reported to provide essential benefits to human health. However, the amount and diversity of these compounds in each fruit specimen depend on its genotype and on a number of environmental factors. This work describes the quantitative ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode-array (UHPLC-PDA) analysis of the capsinoids content in four varieties of pepper (‘Habanero’, ‘Habanero Roxo’, ‘Bode’, and ‘Malagueta’) grown until different development stages in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. In all the varieties analyzed, capsiate was the only capsinoid found. The accumulation of capsiate, in all the pepper varieties, started from the 10th to the 20th day post-anthesis (dpa), and increased during the first days (between the 20th and the 27th dpa). From that moment a drastic reduction took place until the end of the ripening stage, except for ‘Bode’ peppers, where the capsiate content increased from the first harvest point on the 20th dpa up to the 76th dpa. The capsiate accumulation patterns over the development of the fruit has been related to the capsaicionoids accumulation patterns in the same samples of the four varieties of pepper. According to our results, the content evolution of both families of compounds will vary depending on each fruit’s genotype, as well as on environmental conditions. No clear trends have been established and, therefore, an in-depth analysis under controlled conditions should be carried out.

Introduction. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes systemic destruction of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues in shrimp and can cause 100 % mortality. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an intracellular microsporidian that causes lysis of epithelial cells in hepatopancreatic tubules in shrimp. Objective. Detect the presence of WSSV and EHP in fifteen shrimp farms in the Gulf of Nicoya and the Central Pacific from Costa Rica. Materials and methods. Between January 2017 and July 2018 water during the filling process of the pond, postlarvae, and juvenile shrimp of Penaeus vannamei was collected, during a production cycle in each one of the fifteen farms. Samples were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers and protocols to detect the VP41B gene in WSSV, and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of EHP. Results. The presence of WSSV was detected in one farm, while EHP was not detected in any of the fifteen farms. The sequencing of the amplified segments of the VP41B gene showed 100 % identity with isolated shrimp sequences in Taiwan and Mexico. Conclusion. WSSV was detected at a very low frequency and EHP was not detected in this study. It is necessary to continue monitoring these agents in the country’s shrimp farms. Introducción. El virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSSV) causa la destrucción sistémica de los tejidos ectodérmicos y mesodérmicos en los camarones y puede causar una mortalidad del 100 %. El Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) es un microsporidio intracelular que ocasiona lisis de las células epiteliales en los túbulos hepatopancreáticos del camarón. Objetivo. Detectar la presencia de WSSV y EHP en camarones de quince granjas ubicadas en el Golfo de Nicoya y el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Entre enero 2017 y julio 2018 se recolectó agua durante el proceso de llenado del estanque, postlarvas y camarones juveniles de Penaeus vannamei, durante un ciclo productivo en cada una de las quince fincas. Las muestras se analizaron a través de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), utilizando cebadores y protocolos para detectar el gen VP41B de WSSV y el gen de ARN ribosomal de la subunidad pequeña del EHP. Resultados. Se detectó la presencia de WSSV en una finca, mientras que no se detectó EHP en ninguna de las quince fincas. Las secuencias de los segmentos amplificados del gen VP41B mostraron una identidad del 100 % con secuencias aisladas de camarón en Taiwán y en México. Conclusión. Hubo baja frecuencia de WSSV, mientras que el EHP no fue detectado en este estudio. Es necesario continuar monitoreando estos agentes en las granjas camaroneras del país. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria

Mycobacterium bovis is the main pathogen of bovine, zoonotic, and wildlife tuberculosis. Despite the existence of programs for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control in many regions, the disease remains a challenge for the veterinary and public health sectors, especially in developing countries and in high-income nations with wildlife reservoirs. Current bTB control programs are mostly based on test-and-slaughter, movement restrictions, and post-mortem inspection measures. In certain settings, contact tracing and surveillance has benefited from M. bovis genotyping techniques. More recently, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become the preferential technique to inform outbreak response through contact tracing and source identification for many infectious diseases. As the cost per genome decreases, the application of WGS to bTB control programs is inevitable moving forward. However, there are technical challenges in data analyses and interpretation that hinder the implementation of M. bovis WGS as a molecular epidemiology tool. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe M. bovis genotyping techniques and discuss current standards and challenges of the use of M. bovis WGS for transmission investigation, surveillance, and global lineages distribution. We compiled a series of associated research gaps to be explored with the ultimate goal of implementing M. bovis WGS in a standardized manner in bTB control programs.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals worldwide but little is known of its infection in the endangered giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). The present study found antibodies to T. gondii in 13 of 23 free-living M. tridactyla from the northwest region of São Paulo state, Brazil, by the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT, cut-off titer 1:25). Unfrozen tissues of seven M. tridactyla were bioassayed in mice and viable T. gondii (strain designated TgMytrBrSP1) isolated from one seropositive giant anteater. To our knowledge, this is a new host record for T. gondii. Genotyping using PCR-RFLP revealed the Brazilian clonal Type BrIII genotype, and a unique non-archetypal genotype was revealed by microsatellite analysis. Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita” Filho (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Campus de São José do Rio Preto FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group Departamento de Biologia Molecular Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) Centro Universitário de Rio Preto UNIRP Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center United States Department of Agriculture Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Coletiva Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita” Filho (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Campus de São José do Rio Preto CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 14/25872-3 FAPESP: 2014/05302-8

Com objetivo de quantificar a divergência genética entre 22 acessos de feijão-guandu por meio da análise de agrupamentos com base em caracteres morfoagronômicos, além de indicar cruzamentos mais promissores para dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento da espécie de feijão- guandu foi realizado a presente pesquisa. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizado - DIC. Foi realizado o teste de agrupamento de médias, segundo Scott e Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Os dados de médias dos caracteres desses acessos foram submetidos à análise de divergência genética. Foi aplicado o método de agrupamento pela ligação média entre grupos (UPGMA), utilizando a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2) e método de agrupamento de Tocher. A importância relativa dos caracteres, também foram avaliadas. Existe ampla variabilidade genética entre os acessos de feijão-guandu, presentes no banco de germoplasma, e facilmente identificada por meio de caracteres morfoagronômicos. Quatro grupos distintos de acessos de feijão-guandu foram detectados, evidenciando a existência de diversidade entre os acessos. Os cruzamentos mais promissores são aqueles envolvendo como parentais os acessos dos grupos distintos e mais divergentes: Grupos IV e I, IV e II, IV e III, III e II, e II e I. O número de dias para o florescimento foi o caractere que mais contribuiu para divergência genética.

Introducción: El virus papiloma humano (VPH) causa infecciones transmitidas sexualmente. Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de infecciones genitales por VPH, identificar factores clínico-epidemiológicos asociados a dicha prevalencia y determinar la frecuencia de los tipos virales. Material y Métodos: Se estudiaron muestras endo-cervicales de 505 mujeres entre 15 y 49 años, que concurrieron para estudio de exudado vaginal al laboratorio del Instituto de Previsión Social, residentes de Posadas, Misiones, entre enero de 2012 y junio de 2013. Se amplificó una sección de 450 pares de bases del genoma viral perteneciente al fragmento L1 del VPH. La detección del genotipo se realizó mediante el estudio del polimorfismo de la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (RFLP). Resultados: La prevalencia de la portación de VPH total fue 30,7%, y de éstos 71,6% correspondió a los de alto riesgo (principalmente VPH 16 [35,1%], 58 [10,8%] y 31 [8,1%]). La detección del VPH fue mayor en mujeres de 15 a 24 años (OR: 1,48; IC 95% :1,01-2,18) y con más parejas sexuales (OR:1,81; IC 95%: 1,02-3,22). No hubo asociación con el embarazo, la estabilidad de la pareja, métodos anticonceptivos, edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales ni tabaquismo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de identificación y tipificación de VPH en este estudio aportan información sobre una prevalencia elevada de VPH en mujeres sexualmente activas, así como porcentajes elevados de genotipos oncogénicos en esta región. Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections, especially among young people. Aims: To describe the prevalence of genital HPV infections, to identify clinical-epidemiological factors associated with them and to determine the frequency of viral strains. Methods: Endocervical samples were studied of 505 women between 15 and 49 years old, who attended the laboratory of the Institute of Social Security, residents of Posadas, Misiones, for the study of vaginal exudate, between January 2012 and June 2013. A 450-base pair fragment within the HPV L1 region was amplified. Genotype detection was performed through the study of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The prevalence of total HPV carriage was 30.7%, and of these 71.6% corresponded to high risk (mainly HPV 16 [35.1%], 58 [10.8%] and 31 [8.1%]). HPV detection was higher in women aged 15 to 24 years (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.01-2.18) and with more sexual partners (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1, 02-3.22). There was no association with pregnancy, stability of the couple, contraceptive methods, age at onset of sexual intercourse, or smoking. Conclusions: The identification and typing of HPV in this study provides information regarding the high prevalence of HPV and the substantial proportion of cases with oncogenic genotypes among sexually active women in this region of Argentina. Fil: Jordá, Graciela Beatriz. Laboratorio Instituto de Previsión Social de Misiones; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Ramos, José Manuel. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante; España Fil: Mosmann, Jessica Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: López, María Lorena. Laboratorio Instituto de Previsión Social de Misiones; Argentina Fil: Wegert, Adriana. Laboratorio Instituto de Previsión Social de Misiones; Argentina Fil: Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina

Texto completo del documento Twelve Metarhizium isolates from Costa Rica, two from Honduras and one from Nicaragua were characterised using molecular and morphological information. Two gene sequences, TEF1-α and β-TUB, identified isolates as M. anisopliae, M. brunneum and M. robertsii, and has provided new sequence information. Eleven SSRs revealed fourteen different genotypes. Morphological variability coincided with allelic diversity within species. This work provides a starting point for the application of integral biocontrol programmes, but more comprehensive and detailed surveys are warranted to understand the species composition and genetic diversity of the Metarhizium in Central America. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Doce aislamientos de Metarhizium procedentes de Costa Rica, dos de Honduras de Honduras y uno de Nicaragua fueron caracterizados usando información morfológica. Las secuencias de dos genes, TEF1-α y βTUB, identificaron los aislados como M. anisopliae, M. brunneum y M. robertsii, y ha aportado nueva información sobre la secuencia. Once SSRs revelaron catorce genotipos diferentes. La variabilidad morfológica morfológica coincidió con la diversidad alélica dentro de la especie. Este trabajo de la aplicación de programas integrales de biocontrol, pero de biocontrol integral, pero es necesario realizar estudios más para comprender la composición de las especies y la diversidad genética de de especies y la diversidad genética de Metarhizium en Centroamérica. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias

There is a high international demand for timber from the genus Dipteryx, or “shihuahuaco” as it is known in Peru. Developing tools that allow the identification and discrimination of Dipteryx species is therefore important for supporting management of natural populations and to underpin legal trade of its timber. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of Dipteryx species in the Peruvian Amazonia. Two plastid regions (cpDNA: trnH–psbA and matK) were sequenced and 11 microsatellite markers (nDNA) were genotyped for 32 individuals identified as Dipteryx charapilla, D. micrantha morphotype 1 and D. micrantha morphotype 2. Using the concatenated sequences of the plastid genes, we identified ten haplotypes that were not shared between the species or between the D. micrantha morphotypes. Haplotypic diversity was greater in D. micrantha morphotype 2 and D. charapilla than in D. micrantha morphotype 1, which presented only one haplotype with a wide distribution in Peru. The microsatellites allowed the discrimination of the same three clades and identified diagnostic alleles for each clade. These results allowed us to demonstrate that the two morphotypes of D. micrantha are different at both the plastid and nuclear markers, which supports the existence of three genetically distinct species in Peru. This study provides information for the genetic discrimination of Dipteryx species and emphasises the importance of conserving the genetic variability of this genus in the Peruvian Amazonia. Programa Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad y Productividad Innóvate-Perú (contrato 381-PNICP-PIAP-2014); German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL, Large Scale Project, Grant 28I-001-01) Revisión por pares.

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of bacterial community associated to different sugarcane genotypes, association habitat and phenological phase of the culture, as well as to isolate, to identify and to characterize your potential for plant growth-promoting. Root and rhizospheric soil samples from RB 92579 and RB 867515 varieties were collected at 120 and 300 days after regrowth (DAR). The diversity of bacterial was evaluated through of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes. We found greater genetic diversity in the root endophytic habitat at 120 DAR. We identify the genera Burkholderia sp., Pantoea sp., Erwinia sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The genera Bacillus sp. and Dyella sp. were only identified in the variety RB 92579. We found indices above 50% for biological nitrogen fixation, production of indole acetic acid and phosphate solubilization, showing that the use of these bacteria in biotechnological products is very promising.

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal Se evaluaron los principales parámetros técnicos de cuatro genotipos de cuyes mejorados disponibles en laactualidad y sometidos a dos sistemas de alimentación (mixto e integral) durante la etapa de crecimiento.Se utilizaron 96 cuyes machos recién destetados (15 ± 3 días) pertenecientes a los genotipos: Cieneguilla-UNALM, Perú-INIA, Cuy G-IVITA/Mantaro/UNMSM e Inkacuy-UCSS. Las dietas peletizadas y elagua fueron ofrecidos ad libitum durante ocho semanas, mientras que el forraje (chala) solo se suministróa los tratamientos mixtos. Se utilizó un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial de ocho tratamientosy tres repeticiones de cuatro animales por cada repetición, donde los factores fueron el genotipo, por unaparte, y el sistema de alimentación (mixto e integral), por otra. Los resultados indican que, a nivel degenotipos, Cieneguilla, Cuy G e Inkacuy registraron mejores pesos y ganancias de peso (p < 0,05) que elgenotipo Perú. La conversión alimenticia favoreció (p < 0,05) al tratamiento T2 (Cieneguilla-integral); engeneral, el genotipo Cieneguilla-UNALM tuvo mejor desempeño que los demás, mientras que los sistemascon y sin forraje —con excepción del consumo que fue mayor en el primero (p < 0,05)— tuvieron uncomportamiento similar (p > 0,05). The main technical parameters of four improved guinea pig genotypes currently available and subjectedto two feeding systems (mixed and integral) during the growth stage were evaluated. Ninety-six newlyweaned male guinea pigs (15 ± 3 days) belonging to the genotypes: Cieneguilla-UNALM, Peru-INIA,Cuy G-IVITA/Mantaro/UNMSM, and Inkacuy-UCSS were used. Pelletized diets as well as water, wereoffered ad libitum for eight weeks, while forage (maize husks) was only supplied to the mixed treatments.A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of eight treatments and three replicates offour animals in each was used. The factors were the genotype on the one hand, and the feeding system(mixed and integral) on the other hand. The results showed that, at the genotype level, Cieneguilla, CuyG and Inkacuy recorded better weights and weight gains (p < 0.05) compared to Perú. Feed conversionfavored (p < 0.05) the T2 treatment (Cieneguilla-integral); in general, the Cieneguilla-UNALM genotypeperformed better than the others; meanwhile, the systems with and without forage, except for intake thatwas higher in the first (p < 0.05), showed a similar behavior (p > 0.05)

Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. The pathophysiology of the obesity-induced kidney injury is complex, but evidence suggests the involvement of reduced adiponectin levels and signaling. We investigated the extent by which adiponectin contributes to the establishment and progression of renal disease in wild type (WT) and adiponectin null (adipoKO) mice fed a control or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. HFD induced obesity, kidney hypertrophy, albuminuria, renal lipid accumulation and decreased nephrin expression in both mice genotypes. Notably, HFD in adipoKO mice exacerbated progression of albuminuria in comparison to WT mice. In addition, lack of adiponectin per se increased kidney weight, reduced nephrin levels, up-regulated Fabp4 expression, reduced Cpt1a expression and increased miR-130 levels in kidney. Our results demonstrate that lack of adiponectin combined with a HFD contributes to accelerated kidney dysfunction.

El Silverio es una variedad de grano mediano con 10% de “panza blanca” y altamente versátil, ya que se puede cultivar en condiciones de temporal o temporal con riegos de auxilio en el trópico húmedo del sureste (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Campeche y Chiapas) y sub-húmedo del noreste (Tamaulipas), así como bajo riego en el trópico seco de la vertiente del pacíf ico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima y Michoacán). Su potencial de rendimiento medio es de 6 t ha-1 en condiciones de temporal, 7 t ha-1 en temporal con riegos de auxilio y 8 t ha-1 bajo riego. Su calidad molinera es 55% de granos pulidos enteros sobre palay. El ciclo vegetativo de la nueva variedad El Silverio es de 130 días de la germinación de la semilla a la maduración del grano en primavera-verano y de 135 días en otoño-invierno; el tipo de planta es compacto con altura de 95 cm y por ello es resistente al acame; también es moderadamente tolerante a sequía; es resistente al desgrane y tolerante a enfermedades como: “quema del arroz” (Magnaporthe grisea) antes (Pyricularia oryzae), “mancha café” (Helminthosporium oryzae) y escaldado del follaje (Monographella albescens). Por lo que se refiere a plagas de insectos, es tolerante al daño mecánico que causa la chicharrita “sogata” Tagosodes orizicolus. El Silverio es la segunda variedad seleccionada de Milagro Filipino (IR8) en México; ha sido registrada en el Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Plantas (CNVV) con el número: ARZ015-260210.

Calf diarrhea causes substantial economic losses to beef cattle production worldwide. It is a complex multifactorial pathological condition influenced by infectious, nutritional and environmental factors. The present study focused on analyzing the pathological and molecular characterization of bovine rotavirus A (BoRVA) during a diarrhea outbreak in a beef cattle herd located in the state of Mato Grosso, central-western region, Brazil. The outbreak caused high morbidity (80%) and mortality (12%) among 1,100 calves up to 30 days of age. The BoRVA was identified in 53.3% (16/30) of the diarrheic fecal samples analyzed using the silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE) technique. The nucleotide sequence analysis of VP7 (G genotype) and VP4 (P genotype) via RT-PCR from eight BoRVA-positive fecal samples showed the genotypes G6P[5] (n = 6), G6P[11] (n = 1) and G6P[X] (n = 1). Three calves were necropsied and the gross findings included edema and thickened, wrinkled bowel mucosa in the small intestine. Microscopic lesions were confined to the villi of the small intestine, characterized mainly by villus fusion and moderate multifocal lymphoplasmacytic enteritis. Immunohistochemical examination of three cases was positive for BoRVA. The 53.3% of the diarrheic fecal samples that were positive for BoRVA in this study suggested that RV was the etiological agent involved in this neonatal calf diarrhea outbreak. RESUMO: A diarreia neonatal provoca perdas econômicas substanciais na produção de bovinos em todo o mundo. É uma condição patológica multifatorial complexa influenciada por fatores infecciosos, nutricionais e ambientais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o rotavírus tipo A (BoRVA) através da análise patológica e molecular durante um surto de diarreia em um rebanho bovino localizado no estado de Mato Grosso, região centro-oeste, no Brasil. O surto causou alta morbidade (80%) e letalidade (12%) em um rebanho composto 1.100 bezerros até 30 dias de idade. O BoRVA foi identificado em 53,3% (16/30) das amostras fecais diarreicas analisadas usando a técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida corada com prata (ss-PAGE). A análise da sequência nucleotídica de VP7 (genótipo G) e VP4 (genótipo P) via RT-PCR a partir de oito amostras fecais BoRVA-positivas mostrou os genótipos G6P [5] (n = 6), G6P [11] (n = 1) e G6P [X] (n = 1). Três bezerros foram submetidos à necropsia e os achados macroscópicos incluíram edema e espessamento da mucosa do intestino delgado. As lesões microscópicas foram observadas nas vilosidades do intestino delgado, sendo caracterizadas principalmente por fusiosamento de vilosidades e enterite linfoplasmocitária multifocal moderada. O exame imunohistoquímico dos três casos foram positivos para o BoRVA. As 53,3% das amostras fecais diarreicas positivas para o BoRVA sugeriram que o rotavírus é o agente etiológico envolvido neste surto de diarreia neonatal em bezerros.

The United States (USA) and Argentina (ARG) account for over 50% of the global soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. Soybean N demand is partially met (50–60%) by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process; however, an unanswered scientific knowledge gap exists on the ability of the BNF process to fulfill soybean N demand at varying yield levels. The overall objective of this study is to explore the potential N limitation using different N strategies for historical and modern soybean genotypes. Four field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in Kansas (USA) and Santa Fe (ARG). Twenty-one historical and modern soybean genotypes released from the 1980s to 2010s were tested under three N treatments: (i) control, without N application (Zero-N); (ii) 56 kg N ha–1 applied at R3-R4 growth stages (Late-N); and (iii) 670 kg ha–1 equally split at planting, R1, and R3–R4 growth stages (Full-N). Historical soybean yield gains, from the 1980s to 2010s, were 29% in the USA and 21% in ARG. Following the yield trend, seed N content increased for modern genotypes in parallel to the reduction on seed protein concentration. Regarding N treatments, Full-N produced 12% yield increase in the USA and 4% in ARG. Yield improvement was mainly related to increases in aboveground biomass, seed number (genotype effect), and to a lesser extent, to seed weight (N effect). This study suggests a potential N limitation for soybean, although there are still questions about the way in which N must be provided to the plant. EEA Oliveros Fil: Ortez, O.A. Kansas State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados Unidos Fil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Enrico, Juan Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Prasad, P.V.V. Kansas State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados Unidos. USDA-ARS. Center for Grain and Animal Health Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Armstrong, P. USDA-ARS. Center for Grain and Animal Health Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Ciampitti, Ignacio A. Kansas State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados Unidos

No Brasil, o feijoeiro é cultivado em três safras, com cada uma necessitando de diferentes níveis tecnológicos para a obtenção de elevadas produtividades. Entretanto, estudos para avaliar o efeito da safra na produtividade e qualidade dos grãos em cultivares de feijoeiro são escassos. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar e comparar o desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro do grupo comercial carioca, quanto às características agronômicas e tecnológicas dos grãos, cultivadas na safra das águas e de inverno, bem como indicar os melhores genótipos para serem cultivados em cada época. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, apresentando 20 tratamentos, com 10 cultivares de feijão e 2 safras de cultivo, em três repetições. Foram avaliados os atributos agronômicos: número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos, e os atributos tecnológicos dos grãos, sendo eles o tempo de cozimento, relação de hidratação e o tempo para a máxima hidratação dos grãos. A produtividade e a relação de hidratação dos grãos das cultivares de feijão foram superiores na safra de inverno. A safra de inverno apresentou maior tempo para a máxima hidratação dos grãos do que a safra das águas, entretanto o tempo para cozimento dos grãos não foi afetado. Nas condições de estudo, recomenda-se para a safra de inverno a cultivar BRS MG Requinte e para a safra das águas a cultivar BRS MG Horizonte. A cultivar BRS MG Talismã é recomendada tanto para cultivo na safra das águas como na safra de inverno., In Brazil, the common bean is growing in three seasons, with each one requiring different technological levels to obtain high yields. However, studies to evaluate the season effect on grain yield and quality in bean cultivars are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of common bean cultivars of the commercial group from ‘carioca’, regarding the agronomic and technological characteristics of the grains, cultivated in the waters and winter seasons, as well as indicate the best genotypes to be cultivated in each season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with 20 treatments, with 10 cultivars of bean and 2 seasons, in three replications. The agronomic attributes were evaluated: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and grain yield, and grain technological attributes, such as cooking time, hydration ratio and time to maximum hydration of the grains. The yield and hydration ratio of the bean cultivars were higher in the winter season. The winter season presented a longer time for the maximum hydration of the grains than waters season, however the time for cooking of the grains was not affected. In the experimental conditions, for the winter season it is recommended BRS MG Requinte cultivar and for the waters season BRS MG Horizonte cultivar. The BRS MG Talismã cultivar is recommended for crop cultivation in the two seasons., Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

RESUMO A cultura da cenoura tem se expandido em diversos locais do Brasil e na região do Alto Vale do Itajaí, SC, grande parte da sua produção vem de agricultores familiares. Entretanto, a queima das folhas (Alternaria dauci) tem comprometido a produtividade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o progresso desta doença nos genótipos: Alvorada calibrada média, Brasília, Brazlândia Ferracini, Flakee, Nantes, Nantes Express e Suprema calibrada média. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal Catarinense – IFC/Campus Rio do Sul em delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Na avaliação da severidade da doença foi utilizada uma escala diagramática em dez plantas ao acaso previamente demarcadas ao acaso. Os dados de severidade foram submetidos à análise da área abaixo da curva de progresso de doença, taxa de infecção e severidade final. Não houve diferenças no progresso da doença entre os genótipos avaliados nas condições do Alto Vale do Itajaí, SC. ABSTRACT Carrot crop has expanded in different places in Brazil and in the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, a large part of this production is done by small farmers. However, the Carrot leaf spot (Alternaria dauci) has committed the production. Considering this aspect, the target of this study was to evaluate the progress of this disease on the following genotypes: Alvorada calibrada média, Brasília, Brazlândia Ferracini, Flakee, Nantes, Nantes Express e Suprema calibrada média. The experiment was carried on at the Instituto Federal Catarinense – IFC/Campus Rio do Sul in randomized block with four replications. To evaluate the severity of disease was used a diagrammatic scale on ten plants previously random demarcated. The severity data were analyzed using area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), infection rate and final disease severity. There were no differences in disease progression between the genotypes on the conditions of the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, Santa Satarina State, Brazil.

El analisis de la variabilidad genetica del jengibre (Zingiber officinale) con base en caracteristicas de importancia agronomica es esencial para conocer su potencial productivo y direccionar correctamente programas de mejoramiento genetico. Este estudio evaluo la variabilidad fenotipica de 61 accesiones del banco de germoplasma de jengibre de la Escuela Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz/Universidad de Sao Paulo (ESALQ/USP), utilizandose un diseno experimental de bloques completos al azar (BCA) con cuatro repeticiones. Para orientar el proceso de seleccion se realizo un analisis de varianza y se estimaron algunos parametros geneticos tales como heredabilidad, varianza genetica, varianza ambiental, relacion entre el coeficiente de variacion genetico y ambiental (CV g /CV e ) y correlaciones geneticas. Se presentaron diferencias altamente significativas (P≤0,001) entre las accesiones para todas las caracteristicas agronomicas analizadas; la relacion CV g /Cv e (>1), en conjunto con la alta heredabilidad (>80%), mostro que hubo una importante contribucion de los factores geneticos en la expresion fenotipica de los caracteres altura de planta, espesor del rizoma y rendimiento, favoreciendo la seleccion clonal de genotipos. Las accesiones Gen-05, Gen-29, Gen-31, Gen-32, Gen-36, Gen-37, Gen-40, Gen-41, Gen-42, Gen-43, Gen-44 y Gen-50 fueron seleccionadas por presentar el mejor desempeno agronomico al ser comparadas con el resto del germoplasma. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio podran ser utiles en futuros programas de mejoramiento genetico y promoveran la produccion de este cultivo en Brasil.

RESUMO A necessidade de definir uma dose de nitrogênio agronômica e economicamente adequada para a cultura da batata doce constitui um desafio imediato. O objetivo foi avaliar doses de N sobre a produção de biomassa e produtividade de raízes tuberosas, bem como verificar qual a dose econômica para a cultura da batata doce. O trabalho foi conduzido de março a agosto de 2011 em São Cristóvão-SE. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5x3, testando cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 120 e 240 kg/ha), empregando-se, como fonte de N a ureia e três clones de batata doce (IPB-052; IPB-075 e IPB-149), com três repetições. A cultivar comercial Brazlândia Branca (IPB-052) foi considerada como padrão. A colheita foi realizada aos 150 dias após o plantio. Todos os clones avaliados alcançaram valores superiores ao rendimento médio nacional de produtividade de raízes tuberosas (11,84 t/ha). A biomassa da parte aérea dos clones avaliados respondeu linearmente às doses de N utilizadas. A dose de 130 kg/ha de N proporcionou rendimento máximo de produtividade total de raízes tuberosas dos clones estudados. ABSTRACT Determining the agronomic and economically suitable nitrogen dose for the sweet potato crop is a challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N doses on the biomass production and yield of tuberous roots, and to determine the economic dose for the sweet potato crop. The study was carried out from March to August 2011 in São Cristóvão, Sergipe State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, testing five rates of N (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg/ha), using urea as N source, and three sweet potato clones (IPB-052, IPB-075 and IPB-149), with three replications. The commercial cultivar Brazlândia Branca (IPB-052) was considered as control. Plants were harvested at 150 days after planting. All clones studied reached values higher than the national average root yield (11.84 t/ha). The aboveground part biomass of the evaluated clones responded linearly to the N doses applied. Rate of 130 kg/ha N provided the highest yields for total tuberous roots considering the evaluated sweet potato clones.

The evaluation of genetic resources in germplasm banks of Paspalum can contribute to their use in breeding programs and for advanced research in biotechnology. This study evaluated the tolerance of 11 Paspalum accessions to abiotic stress caused by soil water deficit in a greenhouse experiment at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The variables analyzed were: dry biomass of green matter, dead matter and roots; leaf area; leaf water potential; number of days to lose leaf turgor (wilting); soil moisture at wilting; and number of tillers per pot. The results showed high genetic variability for all traits, not only among species but also within species, and also reflected the existence of different strategies of response and potential adaptation to water deficit events. For breeding programs, when the aim is to produce materials better adapted to the occurrence of prolonged drought, 5 accessions from this group seem to have good potential: P. malacophyllum BGP 289, P. quarinii BGP 229, P. regnellii BGP 112, P. conspersum BGP 402 and P. urvillei x P. dilatatum BGP 238. Conversely, when the goal is to select materials for short-term water stress conditions, 6 accessions stand out: P. atratum BGP 308, P. regnellii BGP 215, 248 and 397, P. dilatatum BGP 234 and P. malacophyllum BGP 293. Resumen La evaluación de recursos genéticos en bancos de germoplasma de Paspalum constituye una gran ayuda en programas de mejoramiento genético y de investigación avanzada en biotecnología. En un experimento en macetas en Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, se evaluó la tolerancia de 11 accesiones de varias especies de Paspalum al estrés abiótico causado por el déficit hídrico en el suelo. Las variables analizadas fueron: biomasa seca de la materia verde, materia muerta y raíces; área foliar; potencial hídrico foliar; número de días hasta la pérdida de la turgencia foliar (marchitamiento); humedad del suelo al momento del marchitamiento de las plantas; y número de brotes por planta. Los resultados mostraron tanto una alta variabilidad genética para todos los parámetros, no solo entre las especies, sino también dentro de las especies, como la existencia de diferentes estrategias de respuesta y potencial adaptación a eventos de déficit hídrico. Para los programas de fitomejoramiento, cuando el objetivo es producir materiales mejor adaptados a la sequía prolongada, las accesiones con mayor potencial fueron: P. malacophyllum BGP 289, P. quarinii BGP 229, P. regnellii BGP 112, P. conspersum BGP 402 y P. urvillei xP. dilatatum BGP 238. Por el contrario, cuando el objetivo es seleccionar materiales para condiciones de estrés hídrico de corta duración, se destacan las accesiones: P. atratum BGP 308, P. regnellii BGP 215, 248 y 397, P. dilatatum BGP 234 y P. malacophyllum BGP 293.

Maximization of genetic gain in forest tree breeding programs is contingent on the accuracy of the predicted breeding values and precision of the estimated genetic parameters. We investigated the effect of the combined use of contemporary pedigree information and genomic relatedness estimates on the accuracy of predicted breeding values and precision of estimated genetic parameters, as well as rankings of selection candidates, using single-step genomic evaluation (HBLUP). In this study, two traits with diverse heritabilities [tree height (HT) and wood density (WD)] were assessed at various levels of family genotyping efforts (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) from a population of white spruce (Picea glauca) consisting of 1694 trees from 214 open-pollinated families, representing 43 provenances in Québec, Canada. The results revealed that HBLUP bivariate analysis is effective in reducing the known bias in heritability estimates of open-pollinated populations, as it exposes hidden relatedness, potential pedigree errors, and inbreeding. The addition of genomic information in the analysis considerably improved the accuracy in breeding value estimates by accounting for both Mendelian sampling and historical coancestry that were not captured by the contemporary pedigree alone. Increasing family genotyping efforts were associated with continuous improvement in model fit, precision of genetic parameters, and breeding value accuracy. Yet, improvements were observed even at minimal genotyping effort, indicating that even modest genotyping effort is effective in improving genetic evaluation. The combined utilization of both pedigree and genomic information may be a cost-effective approach to increase the accuracy of breeding values in forest tree breeding programs where shallow pedigrees and large testing populations are the norm. Inst. de Recursos Biológicos Fil: Rateliffe, Blaise. University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; Canadá Fil: El-Dien, Omnia Gamal. University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; Canadá. Alexandria University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Pharmacognosy Department; Egipto Fil: Cappa, Eduardo Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina Fil: Porth, Ilga. Université Laval Québec. Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et Géomatique. Départment des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt; Canadá Fil: Klapste, Jaroslav. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences. Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees; República Checa. Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.); Nueva Zelanda Fil: El-Kassaby, Yousry A. University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; Canadá Fil: Chen, Charles. Oklahoma State University. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Estados Unidos

Triploid-breeding programs in citrus are key tool to develop seedless cultivars. Obtaining triploid citrus hybrids may be achieved through different strategies, such as the exploitation of female unreduced gamete in crosses between diploid parents and diploid by tetraploid sexual hybridizations, in which tetraploid genotypes can be used as male or female parents. Genetic configuration of triploid populations from interploid crosses greatly depends on the chromosomic segregation mode of the tetraploid parent used. Here, we have analyzed the inheritance of the tetraploid ‘Moncada’ mandarin and compared the genetic structures of the resulting gametes when used as male and as female parent. The preferential chromosome pairing rate is calculated from the parental heterozygosity restitution (PHR) of codominant molecular markers, indicating the proportion between disomic and tetrasomic segregation. Tetraploid ‘Moncada’ both as female and male parent largely exhibited tetrasomic segregation. However, as female parent, one linkage group (LG8) showed intermediate segregation with tendency towards tetrasomic inheritance, while another linkage group (LG4) evidenced a clear intermediate segregation. On the other hand, when used as male parent two linkage groups (LG5 and LG6) showed values that fit an intermediate inheritance model with tetrasomic tendency. Significant doubled reduction (DR) rates were observed in five linkage groups as female parent, and in six linkage groups as male parent. The new knowledge generated here will serve to define crossing strategies in citrus improvement programs to efficiently obtain new varieties of interest in the global fresh consumption market. EEA Concordia Fil: Garavello, Miguel Fernando. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal; España. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; Argentina Fil: Cuenca, José. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal; España. Fil: Garcia-Lor, Andrés. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal; España. Fil: Ortega, Neus. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal; España. Fil: Navarro, Luis. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal; España. Fil: Ollitrault, Patrick. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR Agap). Unité Mixte de Recherche; Francia Fil: Aleza, Pablo. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal; España.

In subtropical environments where sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) crops are frequently limited by the duration of the growth cycle, earliness in maturity is a key genotypic trait. Using the concept of source–sink relationships, we hypothesised that earliness is controlled by the dynamics of tillering (DT), which define sink strength early in the growth cycle. Five modern commercial sugarcane genotypes with similar sucrose yields and varying degrees of earliness in ripening were grown in the field over three years and their DT, dynamics of sucrose accumulation (DS), and source–sink relationships over time were characterised. Canonical correlations and principal components analysis revealed that DT explained 68% of the total variance in DS. Early ripening genotypes exhibited the shortest thermal time to the end of tiller mortality (θTilmort), the lowest tiller survival and millable tiller number, and greatest sugar content at θTilmort (Sconc,Tilmort). The rate and duration of the sucrose accumulation phase did not explain the genotypic variation either in final sugar content or in earliness when considered in isolation without taking into account the effect of Sconc,Tilmort. In the set of genotypes examined, the variation in final sucrose yield was most explained by the variation in stalk number. We conclude that the dynamics of tiller appearance and senescence modified the early source–sink relationships and thus determined the differential sucrose contents around θTilmort and the earliness of maximal sugar accumulation. θTilmort, which was closely associated with the 14-leaf phenological stage, emerged as a candidate trait to screen for genotypic variation in early ripening, crop cycle duration, and yield. EEA Famaillá Fil: Saez, Julio Victor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina Fil: Mariotti, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Genético Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Vega, Claudia R.C. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Agronomía; Argentina

En Argentina, la neumonía enzoótica porcina (NEP) es altamente prevalente y se han identificado diferentes tipos genéticos de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Sin embargo, se carece de información acerca de la prevalencia de NEP y de otros aspectos epidemiológicos de esta entidad en la provincia de Mendoza. En esta investigación se usó un análisis multilocus de regiones repetidas en tándem (MLVA) de los loci P97 R1, P97 R1A y P146 R3 para evaluar la diversidad genética de M. hyopneumoniae a partir de muestras clínicas de cerdos de cinco granjas localizadas en diferentes distritos de la provincia de Mendoza. M. hyopneumoniae pudo ser tipificado a partir de 27 muestras de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) y se identificaron 8 diferentes MLVA-tipos. Este es el primer informe acerca de la diversidad genética de M. hyopneumoniae en Mendoza. Los resultados obtenidos permiten describir de manera más acabada la diversidad genética de este agente en nuestro país. In Argentina, enzootic pneumonia (EP) is highly prevalent and different genetic types of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been identified. However, there is a lack of information about prevalence and other epidemiological aspects of EP in Mendoza province. A multiple Locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) targeting P97 R1, P97 R1A and P146 R3 loci was used to assess the genetic diversity of M. hyopneumoniae from clinical specimens recovered from pigs from five herds located in different districts of Mendoza province. M. hyopneumoniae could be typed from 27 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) specimens, and eight different MLVA types were identified. This is the first report about diversity of M. hyopneumoniae in Mendoza. Results obtained in this work allow drawing a better picture of the genetic diversity of this pathogen in Argentina. Fil: Sosa, Camila. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Blois, Ariel. Gobierno de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; Argentina Fil: Tamiozzo, Pablo Jesus. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of two cytokinins: 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) (6.5 mg l-1) and kinetin (K) (2.5 mg l-1), as well as the growth inhibitor abscisic acid (ABA) (1.0 mg l-1) on the in vitro tuberization capacity of two potato varieties: Atlantic and Alpha. The basal culture medium MS (1962) was used as a control. The responses were different between varieties. In cv. Atlantic, the analysis of the number (NM), weight (WM) and diameter (DM) of microtubers indicated that the addition of growth regulators did not affect induction and development of microtubers. However, when BAP was used, a non-significant increment of 41 % was observed in the number of the microtubers compared to the control treatment, from 2.6 to 4.4. The addition of cytokinins and ABA to the medium did not have a significant impact on the development of microtubers. In cv. Alpha the cytokinins used without ABA increased the number of microtubers, which were larger and heavier than those of the control treatment. In this variety, ABA significantly reduced the values of the NM, WM and DM variables. The exogenous action of cytokinins in the culture medium is likely to have caused an endogenous hormonal imbalance in the Atlantic and Alpha genotypes which interfered with their innate microtuberization ability, a result that was even more evident for cv. Alpha, which showed the need to continue optimizing protocols of genotype-specific systems in potato tissue culture to increase yield and seed quality. Key words: microtuberization; potato; Solanum tuberosum L; growth regulators. Resumen La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de dos citocininas 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) (6.5 mg l-1) y kinetina (K) (2.5 mg l-1), más un inhibidor de crecimiento ácido abscísico (ABA) (1.0 mg l-1) sobre la capacidad de tuberización in vitro de dos variedades de papa, Atlantic y Alfa. El medio de cultivo usado como testigo fue el básico MS (1962) sin reguladores del crecimiento. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una respuesta diferente entre variedades. En la variedad Atlantic, el análisis de los datos en relación con las variables número (NM), peso (PM) y diámetro (DM) de microtubérculos indicó que la adición de reguladores de crecimiento no afectó favorablemente la inducción y el desarrollo de microtubérculos, con respecto al testigo. Al utilizar BAP, se notó un incremento no significativo de 41 % en el número promedio de microtubérculos en comparación con el tratamiento control, pasando de 2.6 a 4.4. La adición de citocininas y ABA al medio no provocó efectos positivos en el desarrollo de los microtubérculos. En la variedad Alfa, la utilización de citocininas en ausencia de ABA estimuló el NM y estos fueron más pesados y de mayor diámetro que en el tratamiento testigo. En esta variedad, el ABA causó un efecto negativo en el NM, así como en las variables PM y DM. Probablemente la acción exógena de las citocininas en los medios de cultivo ocasionó un desbalance hormonal endógeno en los genotipos Atlantic y Alfa, que interfirió sobre la capacidad innata de microtuberización, resultado que se evidenció en mayor magnitud para la variedad Alfa, lo cual reveló la necesidad de continuar optimizando los protocolos genotipo-específicos de los sistemas de cultivo de tejidos en papa para aumentar el rendimiento y la calidad de la semilla. Palabras clave: microtuberización; papa; Solanum tuberosum L.; reguladores de crecimiento. Resumo A presente pesquisa foi levada a cabo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de duas citocininas 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) (6.5 mg l-1) e quitina (K) (2.5 mg l-1), mais um inibidor de crescimento ácido abscísico (ABA) (1.0 mg l-1) sobre a capacidade de tuberização in vitro de duas variedades de batata, Atlantic e Alfa. O meio de cultivo usado como testemunha foi o básico MS (1962) sem reguladores do crescimento. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma resposta diferente entre variedades. Na variedade Atlantic, a análise dos dados com relação às variáveis número (NM), peso (PM) e diâmetro (DM) de microtubérculos indicou que a adição de reguladores de crescimento não afetou favoravelmente a indução e o desenvolvimento de microtubérculos, com relação à testemunha. Ao utilizar BAP, notou-se um aumento não significativo de 41 % no número médio de microtubérculos em comparação com o tratamento controle, passando de 2.6 a 4.4. A adição de citocininas e ABA ao meio não provocou efeitos positivos no desenvolvimento dos microtubérculos. Na variedade Alfa, a utilização de citocininas na ausência de ABA estimulou o NM e estes foram mais pesados e de maior diâmetro do que no tratamento testemunha. Nesta variedade, o ABA causou um efeito negativo no NM, como também nas variáveis PM e DM. Provavelmente a ação exógena das citocininas nos meios de cultivo ocasionou um desequilíbrio hormonal endógeno nos genótipos Atlantic e Alfa, interferindo sobre a capacidade inata de microtuberização, resultado que se evidenciou em maior magnitude para a variedade Alfa, revelando a necessidade de continuar na otimização dos protocolos genótipo-específicos dos sistemas de cultivo de tecidos em batata para aumentar o rendimento e a qualidade da semente. Palavras-chaves: microtuberização; batata; Solanum tuberosum L.; reguladores de crescimento.

RESUMO A cultura da cenoura tem se intensificado devido ao consumo in natura e também pelo processamento industrial de conservas. Entretanto, a queima das folhas (Alternaria dauci) tem comprometido a produtividade. Como não se conhece o comportamento epidemiológico da doença nas condições de sul de Brasil, esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a epidemiologia temporal da doença em diferentes genótipos de cenoura. Em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições foram avaliados os genótipos Alvorada calibrada média; Brasília; Brazlândia, Ferracini, Flakee; Nantes; Nantes Express e Suprema calibrada média. Para avaliação da severidade da doença foi utilizada uma escala descritiva em dez plantas ao acaso previamente demarcadas. A curva de progresso da doença para cada um dos genótipos foi ajustada ao modelo de Gompertz, já que a severidade observada correspondeu ao modelo e foi confirmada pela coerência entre os pontos estimados e pelo resíduo. Foi verificado que o genótipo Suprema apresentou a maior taxa (0,533) de progresso, enquanto que Brazlândia a menor (0,368). Verificou-se que o genótipo Nantes apresentou o pico máximo da severidade com 66,9% e que Suprema teve o menor acúmulo da doença com 48,2%. Os genótipos não apresentaram diferenças no comportamento do progresso à queima das folhas da cenoura. ABSTRACT Carrot cultivation has intensified due to in natura consumption and industrial canning processing. However, carrot leaf spot (Alternaria dauci) has compromised the productivity. As the epidemiological behavior of this disease in southern Brazil is not known, the present study aimed to analyze its temporal epidemiology in different carrot genotypes. In an experimental design of randomized blocks and four replicates, the following genotypes were evaluated: “Alvorada calibrada média”; “Brasília”; “Brazlândia”; “Ferracini”; “Flakee”; “Nantes”; “Nantes Express” and “Suprema calibrada média”. To evaluate the disease severity, a diagrammatic scale was used for ten plants previously demarcated at random. The disease progress curve for each genotype was adjusted to Gompertz model, since the observed severity corresponded to the model and was confirmed by the consistency between estimated points and the residue. The genotype “Suprema” showed the highest progress rate (0.533), while “Brazlândia” (0.368) showed the lowest rate. “Nantes” had the highest severity peak, 66.9%, and “Suprema” had the lowest disease accumulation, 48.2%. The genotypes had no differences in their behaviors for temporal progress of carrot leaf spot.