Search

Summary Distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is an alternative ingredient in poultry diets. However, DDGS has high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides, which limits its inclusion in broiler diets. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of inclusion level of DDGS in broiler diets from 22 to 42 D of age. A total of 980 22-day-old broilers with an average BW of 923 ± 4 g were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 7 increasing levels of DDGS (0, 10, 40, 70, 100, 130, and 160 g kg−1), with 7 replicate pen per treatment and 20 broilers per pen. The performance parameters evaluated included BWG, feed intake, and FCR. At 42 D of age, 2 broilers per pen were selected to determine blood parameters and then euthanized to evaluate gastrointestinal tract development, carcass yield, and meat quality. The results demonstrated that up to 160 g kg−1 DDGS can be included in broiler diets from 22 to 42 D of age without negative effect on performance, carcass and cut yields, meat quality, and litter characteristics.

[EN] Serious issues and challenges of the world's population are represented by dwindling natural food resources and the scale-up of sustainable food manufacturing. Therefore, the valorization of co-products from the food industry represents new methods for food development. The principal goal of the study was to capitalize rose hip (Rosa canina) co-product powder in extrudates, highlighting its influence on extrusion parameters, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. The water absorption index, swelling index, and hygroscopicity increased with the rose hip co-product addition. Furthermore, water solubility index, expansion index, porosity, image parameters (area and perimeter) of the extrudates decreased. Lycopene, beta-Carotene, Zea-esters, and lutein were the main carotenoids identified in the extrudates; whereas Catechin, Di-gallic acid, Procyanidin dimmer 1, Procyanidin dimmer 2, and Isorhamnetin-glucuronide were the main flavonoids. Strong Pearson correlations were identified between carotenoids, total flavonoids, vitamin C, total folate, and antioxidant activity. Valorization of the Rosa canina powder co-product led to value-added products-corn extrudates-rich in bioactive compounds., This work was founded by CASEE Fund for Incentives, project No: CASEE fund 20212.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:06:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:36:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612020000400822.pdf: 625946 bytes, checksum: a785e41a29859ade1dc0e6664b2eb9dc (MD5) The proteins recovered by ultrafiltration (UF) represent a co-product of fish industrialization and can be used as a proteiingredient in the fortification of food formulations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of surimi fishburgeelaborated with the proteins recovered by UF from the wastewater generated in the production of surimi. The water generated ithe washing operations of trims of farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were filtered in a 30 kDa polyethersulfone membranThe recovered proteins were dehydrated in spray dryer and added at 5 and 10% into fishburgers made with tilapia surimThe fishburgers were evaluated for proximal composition, cooking yield, sensory parameters and acceptability. The incorporatioof proteins into the fishburgers improved the sensory aspects of the final product and provided greater acceptability whilmaintaining the same manufacturing yield. The addition of 10% of the recovered proteins increased the nutritional value osurimi fishburgers. Practical Application: The recovery of proteins from surimi wastewaters reduces organic matter, makes the production procmore profitable and less aggressive to environment and, in addition, provides a protein-rich ingredient that may find use food industry. The use of this protein concentrate in food products like surimi increases nutritional quality and productivand so may reach consumers and producers demands. Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP

RESUMO Foram determinados os valores energéticos e a composição bromatológica do resíduo seco de fecularia (RSF) para frangos de corte, na fase de crescimento, utilizando ou não enzimas carboidrases. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x4 + ração referência, sendo uma RR sem adição de RSF e quatro tratamentos experimentais com 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% de inclusão do RSF e a suplementação ou não com carboidrases. A composição química encontrada para o RSF, na MN, foi de 89,86% de matéria seca, 0,98% de proteína bruta, 3519kcal kg-1 de energia bruta, 0,19% de extrato etéreo, 27% de fibra em detergente neutro, 19,5% de fibra em detergente ácido, 0,33% de cálcio, 0,43% de fósforo, 0,46% de potássio e 0,12% de magnésio. O uso de carboidrases proporcionou um aumento de 173 e 213kcal kg-1 nos valores de EMA e EMAn, respectivamente, resultando em 1828kcal kg-1 EMA e 1840kcal kg-1 EMAn. Concluiu-se que os maiores níveis de EMA e EMAn foram encontrados para o nível de inclusão médio do RSF de 35% e que a suplementação enzimática pode promover aumento desses parâmetros em até 12% em dietas para frangos de corte na fase de crescimento. ABSTRACT The energetic values and the bromatological composition of the dry residue of cassava (DRC) were determined for growing broilers with or without carbohydrase enzymes. The treatments were distributed in a 2x4 + reference diet factorial scheme, with one RD without addition of DRC and four experimental treatments with 10, 20, 30 and 40% inclusion levels of RSF and supplementation or not with carbohydrases. The chemical composition found for DRC in natural matter was 89.86% dry matter, 0.98% crude protein, 3519kcal kg-1 gross energy, 0.19% ether extract, 27% neutral detergent fiber, 19.5% of acid detergent fiber, 0.33% of calcium, 0.43% of phosphorus, 0.46% of potassium and 0.12% of magnesium. The use of carbohydrase resulted in an increase of 173 and 213kcal kg-1 in EMA and EMAn values, respectively, resulting in 1828kcal kg-1 EMA and 1840kcal kg-1 EMAn. It was concluded that the highest levels of AME and AMEn were found for the mean inclusion level of the DRC of 35% and that enzymatic supplementation may promote the increase of these parameters by up to 12% in broiler diets in the growth phase.

We evaluated the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), soluble carbohydrates (CHOS), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in sugarcane silages to which different levels of inclusion (LI) of crambe bran (CB) were added in proportions of 0, 3, 10, 17 and 20% at different storage times (ST). Laboratory silos were used, predetermined ST being 0, 3, 7, 12, 24, 36, 41, and 60 days after silage. For statistical analysis, the response surface methodology was used, in which LI and ST served as independent factors and response variables as dependent factors. The levels of DM and CP increased linearly with NI; however, it did not show any significant response regarding ST. The CHOS contents were reduced linearly with NI and displayed a quadratic response with ST. The interaction between NI and ST for the levels of N-NH3 was significant, as the levels reduced with the NI and ST. The levels of NDF and ADF reduced linearly with NI and displayed a quadratic response with ST. The CB showed high efficacy to improve fermentation of ensiled cane, with the addition and conservation of nutrients in all NI evaluated and over the storage time. In addition to the residues generated with the production of biodiesel in a sustainable way, CB is a viable alternative to the sugarcane silage. RESUMO Avaliou-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), matéria mineral (MM), carboidratos solúveis (CHOS), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), de silagens de cana-de-açúcar adicionadas de diferentes níveis de inclusão (NI) de farelo de crambe (FC), nas proporções de 0; 3; 10; 17 e 20%, e avaliados em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (TA), em dias. Utilizou-se silos laboratoriais, abertos nos tempos 0; 3; 7; 12; 24; 36; 41 e 60 dias após a ensilagem. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se a metodologia de superfície de resposta, em que os fatores independentes foram os NI e os TA, e os fatores dependentes foram as variáveis respostas. Os teores de MS e de PB aumentaram linearmente com os NI, mas não apresentaram respostas significativas quanto aos TA. Os teores de CHOS reduziram linearmente com os NI e apresentaram resposta quadrática com os TA. Houve efeito significativo da interação entre NI e TA para os teores de N-NH3, pois os teores reduziram com os NI e TA, de forma conjunta. Os teores de FDN e FDA reduziram linearmente com os NI, e apresentaram resposta quadrática com os TA. O FC apresentou eficácia para melhorar o processo fermentativo da cana ensilada, com adição e conservação de nutrientes, em todos os NI avaliados e ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. O FC é uma alternativa viável para a ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, além de destinar os resíduos gerados com a produção de biodiesel de forma sustentável.

The residual from the food industry has the potential to replace the traditional ingredients used in animal feed, and the dry brewery residue (DBR) may be an alternative for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the use of DBR in the diets of broiler from 22 to 42 days of age. Five hundred and forty-six male broilers were used, with an initial average weight of 865 ± 8 g. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of DBR inclusion (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%), seven replicates and thirteen animals per experimental unit (EU). Weight gain (WG), average feed intake (AFI) and feed:gain ratio were evaluated. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from two broilers of each EU, and one broiler per EU was slaughtered to investigate the intestinal development. DBR interposed the WG and promoted a linear effect in this variable from 22 to 42 days of age. This effect was not observed for AFI. The inclusion of DBR interfered with the serum cholesterol values, showing a quadratic influence at the maximum response for the inclusion of 4.96%. However, the blood parameters of triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total protein remained unchanged, regardless of the level of dietary DBR. No changes in villus height and crypt depth were observed by intestinal morphometric evaluation. The inclusion of 10% DBR can be used in a poultry diet, without any damage to the performance, metabolism and development of the broilers. Os resíduos da indústria alimentícia tem potencial para substituição dos ingredientes tradicionalmente utilizados nas rações animais, neste contexto o resíduo seco de cervejaria (RSC) pode ser uma alternativa para esta finalidade. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o RSC em rações de frangos de corte dos 22 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 546 pintos, machos, com peso médio inicial de 865 ? 8 g, distribuídos em um DIC, com 6 níveis de inclusão de RSC (0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10%), 7 repetições e 13 animais por unidade experimental (UE). Foi realizada avaliação do ganho de peso (GP), consumo médio de ração (CMR) e conversão alimentar (CA). Aos 42 dias foram coletadas amostras de sangue de duas aves por UE, e abatida uma ave por UE, para avaliar o desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais. O RSC interferiu no GP promovendo um efeito linear sobre esta variável dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade, efeito este não observado para a CA e o CMR. A inclusão de RSC interferiu nos valores séricos de colesterol, com um efeito quadrático ao ponto máximo de resposta no nível de 4,96% de inclusão. No entanto, os parâmetros sanguíneos de triglicerídeos, ácido úrico, creatinina, aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotrasferase e proteína total permaneceram inalterados independente do nível de RSC da dieta. Não foram observadas alterações nas vilosidades e profundidade de criptas pela avaliação morfometrica intestinal. A inclusão de 10% de RSC pode ser realizada sem que ocorram danos ao desempenho, metabolismo e desenvolvimento das aves.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 Different types of molasses have been included in diets for ruminant animals, mainly as a substitute for energetic ingredients, such as corn and sorghum. However, the positive effect of this inclusion on the performance, fatty acid profile and composition of cows’ milk is not yet clear. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate by meta-analysis the effect of including molasses in diets for dairy cows on the milk fatty content and fatty acid in milk. The eleven peer-reviewed publications with 52 treatments means were included in data set. The effect of including molasses in the diet of dairy cows were evaluated using random effect models to examine the weighted mean differences (WMD) between molasses treatment (diets with molasses inclusion) and control treatment (without molasses inclusion in the diet). Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis considering genetic group, days in milk, molasses in the diet (g/kg DM), type of molasses, concentrate in the diet (g/kg DM). The covariates genetic group and days in milk influenced most the variability of responses to the inclusion of molasses in the diet for dairy cows. Molasses supplementation to dairy cow diets negatively impacted animal performance and milk composition by reducing milk yield and milk protein, lactose yield and concentration (with inclusions levels of molasses greater than 60 g/kg of DM). However, inclusions of molasses up to 120 g/kg of DM in diet, did not affect the yield and concentration of fat in milk. The inclusions of molasses in the diet caused a reduction in the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids (Total UFA -10.67%); however, it increased the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in milk (11.52%), without affecting total of polyunsaturated fatty acids and C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Animal Unit of Digestive and Metabolic Studies in the Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Federal University of Espírito Santo Department of Animal Science Animal Unit of Digestive and Metabolic Studies in the Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Industrialization of the Babassu coconut for edible oil production generates many co-products and has great potential to be used in ruminant nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different inclusions of endocarp meal type II of Babassu coconut (BEMII) on intake and digestibility of sheep diets. Twenty non-castrated male sheep with an undefined breed were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The animals received an experimental diet with increasing inclusions of BEMII (0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5%). Increasing additions of the coproduct negatively influenced dry matter intake (g/BW and g/kg0.75). Crude protein intake (in grams) per day decreased linearly with the inclusion of BEMII, presenting a reduction of 49.35 g/d. The inclusion of 7.5% showed the best response for energy balance among all inclusions and presented the closest nitrogen balance value when compared to the control group; therefore, this inclusion percentage is the best for endocarp meal utilization.

The aim of this work were to determine the polyphenolic profile and the antibacterial properties of pomegranate peel flour (PPF), in view to its application in the food industry as potential antimicrobial “natural” agent. For thus, the antibacterial properties of PPF were tested against: Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. bacterial strains. The polyphenolic profile was determined by HPLC. The Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid content were also determined. The HPLC analysis of the PPF, showed a total of eight phenolic compounds. Punicagalin was the main component found in PPF (16.67 mg/g) followed by ellagic acid (0.15 mg/g). PPF had antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested with minimal inhibitory concentrations comprised between 20 and 50 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity was in a decreasing order: Salmonella sp = E. coli = S. aureus = L. monocytogenes > P. aeruginosa > L. innocua. The antibacterial properties of pomegranate peel flour suggested that it is a promising antibacterial agent.

Twenty-eight Boer &times, Saanen castrated male goats (21.6 &plusmn, 3.0 kg of initial body weigh) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of increasing levels (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg, in dry matter basis) of dietary babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and meat physical and chemical composition. When significant treatment effects were found, data were submitted to orthogonal polynomials for treatment responses. BMF did not change the intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. However, it increased linearly the total carbohydrates intake (p = 0.013), neutral detergent fiber intake (p &lt, 0.001) and digestibility (p = 0.027), while it decreased linearly the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates (p &lt, 0.001) and ether extract (p &lt, 0.001), without changing their digestibility (p &gt, 0.05). The dressing percentage (p = 0.003) and rib eye area (p = 0.024) had a quadratic effect with increasing levels of BMF. The total gastrointestinal weight (TGI) had an increased linear effect (p = 0.001), while the proportion of rumen (p = 0.010), omasum (p &lt, 0.001) and abomasum (p = 0.001) increased linearly with BMF addition. The same effects were presented in leg weight (p = 0.045) and muscle weight (p = 0.049). Weight and yields of commercial cuts and meat physicochemical composition did not change (p &gt, 0.05) with inclusion levels of BMF. The addition of babassu mesocarp flour up to 200 g/kg in the diet of male goat can improve the dressing percentage without major changes in meat physical and chemical traits, representing an attractive alternative feed.

[EN] The impact of integrating a tiger-nut milk co-product into the wheat chip production process for enriching fibre content to meet European recommendations for 'source of fibre foods' and 'high fibre content foods' was studied. Four different flours, based on their composition and particle size, were obtained from the co-product. Wheat flour was substituted at the 5%, 10% and 20% levels with the co-product, and the processing, physico-chemical and sensory properties of chip were studied. In the baking phase, mass loss was more marked for the substituted samples (42%) than the control (34%), but differences diminished after the tempering time (33%) by absorbing moisture from the environment. This effect was related to the increased chips surface (approximate to 43%) in the forming phase because dough retraction decreased. The co-product as a fibre source produced alterations to chip processing and its physico-chemical properties should be taken into account. However, chips positively impacted consumer acceptability.

This study evaluated the feeding behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows fed increasing levels of banana peel. Diets contained 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel. The experimental design was two 5x5 Latin squares. Cows were subjected to visual observation after adaptation of each trial period. The times spent in feeding (4.13 to 5.58 hours day-1) and in idle (10 to 12.53 hours day-1) presented quadratic effect. The time spent ruminating, number and duration of rumination periods, chews per cud, and numbers of cuds per day were not affected by treatments. The total chewing time showed a quadratic effect, with peak at 18.58% replacement. The banana peel levels did not affect consumption, rumination and chewing neutral detergent fiber. Intake, rumination and chewing of dry matter showed a decreasing linear effect. The replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel up to 60% in the diet for lactating cows reduces the time spent in feeding and improves feeding and rumination efficiencies of dry matter, keeping the milk production of cows. RESUMO. Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de vacas F1 Holandesas x Zebu alimentadas com crescentes níveis de casca de banana. As dietas foram constituídas de 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60% de substituição da silagem de sorgo pela casca. O delineamento experimental foi dois quadrados latinos 5 x 5. As vacas foram submetidas à observação visual após período de adaptação de cada período experimental. Os tempos despendidos com alimentação (4,13 a 5,58 horas dia-1) e ócio (10 a 12,53 horas dia-1) apresentaram efeito quadrático. O tempo gasto com ruminação, número e duração dos períodos de ruminação, mastigações por bolo e bolos ruminados por dia não foram influenciados pelos níveis de casca. O tempo total de mastigação apresentou efeito quadrático, com ponto máximo no nível de 18,58%. Os níveis de casca de banana não influenciaram consumo, ruminação nem mastigação da fibra em detergente neutro. Consumo, ruminação e mastigação da matéria seca apresentaram efeito linear decrescente. A substituição da silagem de sorgo em até 60% por casca de banana na dieta de vacas em lactação reduz o tempo de alimentação e melhora as eficiências de alimentação e ruminação da matéria seca, mantendo a produção de leite das vacas.

Algae as a biodiesel feedstock are more productive per unit area than traditional feedstock options, but currently algae production is not economical without high-value co-products. Lipid-extracted algae (LEA) may be useful as a soil amendment, however, research is needed to determine the feasibility and management strategies required. The objective was to determine salinity-associated effects of LEA as a soil amendment on a range of salt tolerant forages [foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)]. Forage seed were planted in columns containing sandy clay loam soil amended with the following: (1) control [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer added], (2) 1.5% LEA by weight, (3) 3.0% LEA, (4) 1.5% LEA + 1.5% wheat straw (WS), and (5) 1.5% WS (+N, +P). Seedling emergence and total herbage mass (HM) from sequential harvests was determined, along with forage mineral uptake. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed after the final harvest. Seedling emergence of pearl millet was negatively affected by LEA application, but not foxtail millet or sorghum-sudangrass. Pearl millet emergence was most reduced in 3.0% LEA treated soil, however, this treatment produced greater HM by the third harvest. Soil pH and EC were greater in 3.0% LEA-treated soil than the control and 1.5% WS treatment. Production of salt tolerant forages such as sorghum-sudangrass is possible in LEA-amended soil, however, with repeated applications soil salinity may reduce productivity and sustainability.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and productive characteristics of primiparous lactating cows grazing on tropical pasture, using different levels of crude glycerin in the supplement. The experiment was conducted at Rancho Santana farm, located in Jequié city, Bahia, Brazil, in the period from December 21, 2010 to March 16, 2011. Ten ¾ Holstein × ¼ Dairy Gyr lactating primiparous cows, with 109±24 days of lactation and a mean age of 30±6 months and mean body weight of 426.2±68.29 kg were distributed into five treatments, using two simultaneous 5 × 5 latin squares. Treatments consisted of inclusion levels (0, 94, 191, 289, 389 g/kg dry matter basis) of crude glycerin in the supplement. Intake, digestibility, milk production and composition were measured. Results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and regression at 0.05 probability. For all consumption variables no significant differences were found between the levels of crude glycerin. Except for the digestibility of ether extract, all digestibility values were similar between treatments. The fat content and yield showed quadratic effect between treatments. No significant differences were observed for protein, lactose, total solids, nonfat dry extract, fat:protein ratio, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell count between treatments. For primiparous lactating cows grazing on tropical pasture, up to 389 g of crude glycerin/kg of dietary supplement can be included without nutritional and productive interference.

This study investigated the inclusion levels of defatted maize germ (DMG) in the diet of horses by determining the apparent digestibility coefficients of the nutrients, and the physicochemical parameters of feaces and blood samples. Four adult horses, weighing 483.3 ± 27.5 kg average, arranged in 4x4 Latin square were used. The energy provided by the diets came from hay, 50% (Jiggs hay), and from the concentrate, 50%, with increasing DMG levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%). Digestibility was determined using samples from total feaces collection. The characteristics of color, consistency, pH and buffering capacity (BC) 5 and 6 of the feaces were determined daily during the collection days. The blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the jugular, with vacuum tubes, to determine the concentration of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin using biochemical kits and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, by gas chromatography. The diets did not affect significantly (P> 0.05) the digestibility of nutrients, fecal pH (mean 6.7), buffering capacity at pH 5 (22.7) and pH 6 (6.9), and fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Likewise, diets did not affect significantly (P> 0.05) the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and total short-chain fatty acids. However, diets changed significantly (P

O experimento foi realizado com quatro novilhos Holandês x Zebu, fistulados no rúmen, mantidos em baias individuais e dispostos em um quadrado latino 4x4 repetido no tempo. Teve duração de 88 dias e os animais foram alimentados com feno de tifton-85 e mistura concentrada com farelo de soja, tortas de dendê, amendoim e girassol, que constituíram os quatro tratamentos. Avaliaram-se o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente total e o pH ruminal. O consumo de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) foi menor (P0,05). As digestibilidades totais dos nutrientes não foram influenciadas pelas dietas (P>0,05). A concentração do pH ruminal não foi influenciada pelas dietas, entretanto houve efeito do tempo de coleta. As tortas de amendoim e girassol oriundas da produção do biodiesel podem substituir o farelo de soja na dieta de novilhos. A substituição total do farelo de soja pela torta de dendê diminuiu o consumo de MS. The experiment was conducted with four rumen canulated Holstein-Zebu steers, kept in individual pens and distributed in a 4x4 Latin square with repeated measures of time. The experiment lasted 88 days and the animals were fed Tifton-85 hay and concentrate ration with soybean meal or one of the following cakes: palm kernel, peanuts or sunflower, which constituted the four treatments. Intake, total apparent digestibility and rumen pH were evaluated. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intakes were lower (P0.05). The total digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the diets (P>0.05). Rumen pH was not influenced by the diets; however, it was affected by time of collection. Peanut and sunflower cake originated from the production of biodiesel can replace the soybean meal in the diet for steers. Total replacement of soybean meal with palm kernel cake decreased DM intake.

Surplus hops (Humulus lupulus L.) that are not needed by the brewing industry could be used as a feed supplement for cattle and other ruminants. Previous research indicates that antimicrobial hops plant secondary metabolites (i.e., α- and β-acids) inhibit methane and ammonia production and promote the growth of ruminant animals. The goal was to determine that hop pellets produced for brewing still possessed the requisite antimicrobial activity after 5-year storage. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis indicated that the α- and β-acid concentrations in two varieties of hops were relatively stable after 5 years of storage under N2. Either hop variety inhibited the growth of the ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacterium, Clostridium sticklandii SR, in broth culture and Petri plate bioassays. Either hop variety inhibited ammonia production from amino acids or peptides by mixed rumen microorganisms from Holstein steers. These results are similar to those previously obtained with fresh hops, hops extracts, other antimicrobial phytochemicals and typical feed ionophores, such as monensin. The rumen-active antimicrobial phytochemicals in hops can still be present and active after years under certain storage conditions. Further investigation is warranted to determine how surplus and older hops can be used to benefit ruminant nutrition and ruminant industries.

Effects of microbial transglutaminase (mTG), mushroom tyrosinase and an apple powder containing transglutaminase (TG) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on the structure of industrial pork meat homogenate were studied. Apple powder and mTG both increased the value of storage modulus (G′). Mushroom tyrosinase was not able to affect gel forming with the used dosages and treatment conditions. All the enzymes studied were able to improve gel hardness of unheated meat homogenate at 4 °C to a certain extent. In gel hardness measurements added cysteine affected positively on the apple powder—treated pork meat and negatively on mTG—and tyrosinase-treated meat. Surprisingly cysteine addition nullified also the action of mTG. Hence powdered apple pulp, a recovered co-product of an industrial process, may contain suitable enzyme activities for food protein stabilization.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentative losses and nutritional value of elephant grass silages with the increasing of inclusion levels of dehydrated banana peel. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replications, being the silage exclusively from elephant grass, and five levels of inclusion of banana peel to the elephant grass silage, as the following - 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25%, being added based on natural matter. The addition of the banana peel in the silage reduced linearly (p < 0.05) the pH, the ammoniacal nitrogen and the losses of the fermentative process. In addition, the inclusion of banana peel increased linearly (p < 0.05) the dry matter and non-fibrous carbohydrates. On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber were linearly reduced with the inclusion of the banana peel (p < 0.05), but there was no change in the dry matter digestibility in situ. The inclusion of dehydrated banana peel in elephant grass silage reduces the losses of the fermentation process with more consistent results at the 25% inclusion level, however, it reduces the silage nutritional value due to fibrous and protein quality. RESUMO. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as perdas fermentativas e o valor nutricional das silagens de capim-elefante com níveis crescentes de inclusão da casca de banana desidratada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo silagem exclusiva de capim-elefante e cinco níveis de inclusão da casca de banana à silagem de capim-elefante - 5; 10; 15; 20 e 25%, sendo adicionada com base na matéria natural. A adição da casca de banana na ensilagem reduziu linearmente (p < 0,05) o pH, nitrogênio amoniacal e as perdas do processo fermentativo. Ademais, a inclusão da casca de banana aumentou de forma linear (p < 0,05) a matéria seca e os carboidratos não fibrosos. Já a fibra em detergente neutro e em detergente ácido reduziu linearmente com inclusão da casca de banana (p < 0,05), mas não houve alteração na digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca. A inclusão de casca de banana desidratada na ensilagem do capim-elefante reduz as perdas do processo fermentativo com resultados mais consistentes no nível de 25% de inclusão, entretanto, reduz o valor nutricional por detrimento da qualidade fibrosa e proteica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542014000400010.pdf: 372180 bytes, checksum: 578facfc6eb6a9a5ec8ac6513dcb8645 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A semente do maracujá é um subproduto da extração da polpa do maracujá, podendo ser utilizado na alimentação dos suínos. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos (digestibilidade e desempenho), objetivando avaliar a utilização do farelo da semente de maracujá na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação. Inicialmente foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade com suínos em crescimento e terminação, em que o farelo da semente de maracujá (FSM) substituiu a ração referência (0% FSM) em níveis de 4, 8, 12 e 16%. Foram utilizados 30 suínos, machos castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 36,85±4,19. O FSM apresentou ED e EM de 3.244 e 3.223 Mcal/kg, respectivamente. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 150 suínos, sendo 75 na fase de crescimento e 75 na fase de terminação, com peso vivo inicial de 30,63±1,49 e final de 60,38±4,75 kg e 60,40±1,50 e 90,02±4,84 kg, respectivamente. Foram utilizadas cinco dietas, sendo quatro níveis de inclusão do FSM (4, 8, 12 e 16%) e uma ração testemunha (0% do FSM). Os níveis do FSM não influenciaram (P>0,05) as variáveis de desempenho. Na fase de crescimento, os níveis séricos de colesterol aumentaram linearmente (P0,05) pelos níveis crescentes do FSM nas dietas. Conclui-se que o FSM pode ser utilizado em até 16% em dietas de suínos em crescimento e terminação. The passion fruit seed is a byproduct of the extraction of the passion fruit pulp and can be used for feeding to pigs. Two experiments were conducted (digestibility and performance) to evaluate the use of the passion fruit seed meal in feed for growing and finishing pigs. A digestibility trial was conducted with growing and finishing pigs, in which the passion fruit seed meal (PSM) replaced the reference diet (0% PSM) in levels of 4, 8, 12 and 16%. Thirty barrows were used with average weight of 36.85±4.19. The PSF showed DE and ME of 3.244 and 3.223 Mcal/kg, respectively. In the performance trial, were used 150 pigs, which 75 in the growing phase and 75 pigs in the finishing, with initial body weight of 30.63±1.49 and final of 60.38±4.75 kg and 60.40±1.50 and 90.02±4.84 kg, respectively. Five diets were used, with four inclusion levels of PSM (4, 8, 12 e 16%) and one control diet (0% of PSM). The PSM levels did not influence (P>0.05) the performance variables. In the growing pigs, serum levels of cholesterol increased linearly with (P0.05) by increasing levels of PSM in the diets. We conclude that the PSM can be used up to 16% in growing and finishing pigs diets. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual de Maringá Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

The nutritional value and the performance of piglets fed on diets with semipurified glycerin (SPGV) and mixed (SPGM) vegetable oil was determined and evaluated. Thirty-two crossbred piglets, allotted in a completely randomized block design, were used in the digestibility trial. Two types of glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) and three levels of diet (4, 8 and 12%) were studied. The experimental unit consisted of one piglet. Glycerins' metabolizable energy (ME) was estimated by regression of ME (kcal kg-1) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). ME as-feed-basis rates were 3,373 for SPGV and 2,932 for SPGM, or rather, the glycerins are highly available energy source for piglets. In the performance trial, 90 piglets were allotted in a completely randomized blocks design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, two glycerins, four levels (3, 6, 9 and 12%), five replicates (pens) and two piglets per pen. A control diet with no glycerin (0%) was additionally formulated. Since no effect of glycerin inclusion on pig performance occurred, it was feasible to use up to 12% of both types of glycerin on piglets feeding. Determinou-se o valor nutricional e avaliou-se o desempenho de leitões alimentados com rações contendo glicerinas semipurificadas de origem vegetal (GSPV) e mista (GSPM). Na digestibilidade foram utilizados 32 leitões, machos castrados, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Foram estudadas duas glicerinas (GSPV e GSPM) e três níveis de inclusão na dieta-teste (4, 8 e 12%). A unidade experimental consistiu de um leitão. A energia metabolizável (EM) das glicerinas foi estimada pela análise de regressão do consumo de EM (kcal kg-1) associada à glicerina vs. o consumo de glicerina (kg). Os valores de EM (kcal kg-1), na matéria natural, obtidos foram 3.373 para GSPV e 2.932 para GSPM, indicando que as duas glicerinas são fontes de alta energia disponível para a alimentação de leitões. No desempenho, foram utilizados 90 leitões, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 + 1, sendo duas glicerinas, quatro níveis de inclusão (3, 6, 9 e 12%), cinco repetições e dois leitões por unidade experimental. Adicionalmente foi formulada uma ração-testemunha sem glicerina (0%). Não houve efeito do nível de inclusão de glicerina sobre o desempenho, sugerindo que é viável a utilização em até 12% de ambas as glicerinas na alimentação de leitões.