1. Tegument Assembly, Secondary Envelopment and Exocytosis
- Author
-
Ian B. Hogue
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,viruses ,Endocytic cycle ,Context (language use) ,Alphaherpesvirinae ,Biology ,Exocytosis ,Viral process ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interaction network ,Autophagy ,Humans ,Virus Release ,Secretory pathway ,Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ,Virus Assembly ,virus diseases ,Biological Transport ,General Medicine ,Viral tegument ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane protein ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Tegument ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,AssemblySecondary ,Envelopment ,Virus Physiological Phenomena - Abstract
Alphaherpesvirus tegument assembly, secondary envelopment, and exocytosis processes are understood in broad strokes, but many of the individual steps in this pathway, and their molecular and cell biological details, remain unclear. Viral tegument and membrane proteins form an extensive and robust protein interaction network, such that essentially any structural protein can be deleted, yet particles are still assembled, enveloped, and released from infected cells. We conceptually divide the tegument proteins into three groups: conserved inner and outer teguments that participate in nucleocapsid and membrane contacts, respectively, and 'middle' tegument proteins, consisting of some of the most abundant tegument proteins that serve as central hubs in the protein interaction network, yet which are unique to the alphaherpesviruses. We then discuss secondary envelopment, reviewing the tegument-membrane contacts and cellular factors that drive this process. We place this viral process in the context of cell biological processes, including the endocytic pathway, ESCRT machinery, autophagy, secretory pathway, intracellular transport, and exocytosis mechanisms. Finally, we speculate about potential relationships between cellular defenses against oligomerizing or aggregating membrane proteins and the envelopment and egress of viruses.
- Published
- 2022