7,218 results on '"TICKS"'
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2. [Distribution, biology and ecology of Ixodidae in the Balchish region with special considerations on epizootologic and epidemiologic significances].
- Author
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SURBOVA S
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Ecology, Ixodidae, Ticks
- Published
- 1955
3. [The rearing and biology of ticks].
- Author
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ENIGK K and GRITTNER I
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Ticks
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Obseravations on the biology of the argasid tick Ornithodoros puertoricensis Fox.
- Author
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DAVIS GE
- Subjects
- Animals, Argasidae, Biology, Ornithodoros, Ticks
- Published
- 1955
5. [Some data on the biology of Ixodes trianguliceps Bir. and I. persulcatus P Sch, in Krasnoiarsk Territory].
- Author
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SLUGER IS
- Subjects
- Animals, Arsenazo III, Biology, Ixodes, Ticks
- Published
- 1961
6. [Biology of tick Eulaelaps stabularis Koch, 1936-(Parasitiformes, Gamasides, Laelaptidae)].
- Author
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KOZLOVA RG
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Ticks
- Published
- 1959
7. Observations on the biology of the argasid tick, Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923; with the recovery of a spirochete, Borrelia brasiliensis, n. sp.
- Author
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DAVIS GE
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria, Biology, Borrelia, Ornithodoros, Spirochaetales, Ticks
- Published
- 1952
8. [On the biology of the mite Orystolaelaps bibikovae Lange].
- Author
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SLONOV MN
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Mites, Ticks
- Published
- 1963
9. [Oviposition of the Ornithodoros erraticus Lucas 1849 under experimental conditions and several observations on its biology].
- Author
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NAJERA LE
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Biology, Ornithodoros, Oviposition, Ticks
- Published
- 1950
10. The biology of Ornithodorus delancei acinus Whittick, 1938.
- Author
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ROBINSON GG
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Ornithodoros, Ticks
- Published
- 1946
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. [On biology of Ixodes trianguliceps Bir].
- Author
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NITIKINA NA
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Ixodes, Ticks
- Published
- 1960
12. Biology as an aid to the identification of two closely related species of ticks of the genus Ornithodoros.
- Author
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DAVIS GE
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Ornithodoros, Ticks
- Published
- 1952
13. [Biology of the tick Alectorobius asperus, carrier of tick-borne recurrent typhus in the Ukraine].
- Author
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SLESARENKO VV
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Ukraine, Biology, Relapsing Fever transmission, Rickettsia Infections, Tick-Borne Diseases, Ticks, Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne
- Published
- 1959
14. [ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE PIGEON TICK ALECTOROBIUS (ALECTOROBIUS) CONICEPS (CAN.), 1890].
- Author
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POSPELOVA-SHTROM MV and MARFINA LL
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Birds, Columbidae, Ticks
- Published
- 1963
15. [Data on biology of ticks Haemogamasidae (Gamasoidea, Parasitiformes). I. Feeding of Haemogamasus citelli Breg. et Nelz. and H. nidi Mich].
- Author
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NEL'ZINA EN and DANILOVA GM
- Subjects
- Animals, Biology, Mites, Ticks
- Published
- 1956
16. [On the biology of the tick Haemogamasus liponyssoides Ewing].
- Author
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SOLOSHENKO IZ and KORENBERG EI
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Biology, Leptospirosis, Mites, Ticks
- Published
- 1963
17. [TRANSMISSION OF THE FILARIAL INFECTIOUS STAGES OF MACDONALDIUM OSCHEI CHABAUD ET FRANK 1961 (FILARIOIDEA, ONCHOCERCIDAE) BY ORNITHODOROS TALAJE (IXODOIDEA, ARGASIDAE) TO THE FINAL HOST; WITH A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BIOLOGY OF THE VECTOR].
- Author
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FRANK W
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Argasidae, Arthropod Vectors, Biology, Communicable Diseases, Filarioidea, Genetic Vectors, Ornithodoros, Ticks
- Published
- 1964
18. Artificial Feeding of Ornithodoros fonsecai and O. brasiliensis (Acari: Argasidae) and Investigation of the Transstadial Perpetuation of Anaplasma marginale.
- Author
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Castro-Santiago, Ana Carolina, Lima-Duarte, Leidiane, Camargo, Jaqueline Valeria, De Almeida, Beatriz Rocha, Simons, Simone Michaela, Mathias, Luis Antonio, Bassini-Silva, Ricardo, Machado, Rosangela Zacarias, André, Marcos Rogério, and Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes
- Subjects
ANAPLASMA marginale ,ARTIFICIAL feeding ,TICKS ,IXODIDAE ,MITES ,ANAPLASMA ,BATS ,BLOODSUCKING insects ,ANAPLASMA phagocytophilum - Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is a Gram-negative, obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium that causes bovine anaplasmosis. While hard ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus can be biological vectors, transmitting this pathogen via saliva during blood meals, blood-sucking insects, and fomites play a role as mechanical vectors. Little is known about the interaction between Anaplasma marginale and Argasidae ticks. Among soft ticks, Ornithodoros fonsecai (Labruna and Venzal) and Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão inhabit environments surrounding localities where many cases of bovine anaplasmosis have been reported. Ticks of the species O. fonsecai parasitize bats, while O. brasiliensis can parasitize different vertebrate species. Therefore, the present study aimed to feed third-instar nymphs artificially (N3) of O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis using blood samples obtained from a calf naturally infected with A. marginale and rabbit blood added to A. marginale-containing bovine erythrocytes, to investigate the ability of these nymphs to acquire, infect and transstadially perpetuate this agent. For the artificial feeding system, adapted chambers and parafilm membranes were used. Nymphs of both tick species were submitted to different replications weighed before and after each feeding. Blood samples and molted ticks were submitted to DNA extraction, quantitative real-time PCR for the msp1β gene to detect A. marginale DNA, while a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction for the msp1α gene was performed for genotyping. Using calf blood naturally infected with A. marginale, among the three artificial feeding replications performed with O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis nymphs, the DNA of A. marginale was detected in both nymphs after 30–50 days of molting. For artificial feeding with rabbit blood added to bovine erythrocytes containing A. marginale, the DNA of this pathogen was also detected in both nymph species. As for the assay for the msp1α gene, strains were found Is9; 78 24-2; 25; 23; α; and β. It was concluded that nymphs (N3) of O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis could feed artificially through a parafilm membrane using blood from calves and rabbits infected by A. marginale. The DNA of A. marginale was detected in nymphs fed artificially of both tick species studied after molt. However, further studies are needed to confirm transstadial perpetuation in other instars and their host transmission capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Laboratory life cycle of Ornithodoros puertoricensis (Ixodida: Argasidae) collected in the Colombian Caribbean.
- Author
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Robayo-Sánchez, Laura Natalia, López, Yesica, Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián, Ramírez-Hernández, Alejandro, Aleman, Ader, Cortés-Vecino, Jesús Alfredo, Mattar, Salim, and Faccini-Martínez, Álvaro A.
- Subjects
LIFE cycles (Biology) ,TICKS ,EGGS ,LABORATORY mice ,MICE ,CYCLING records ,LABORATORIES - Abstract
Three studies on the biology of Ornithodoros puertoricensis are available in the literature, using different hosts and incubation temperatures. In a previous study, we identified O. puertoricensis in the Colombian Caribbean. The aim of the present work was to analyze life cycle data along one generation from these specimens under laboratory conditions. Eggs of O. puertoricensis were collected in between fragments of bahareque material in a rural dwelling in the municipality of Planeta Rica (Córdoba Department, Colombia), and transported to the laboratory. All post-egg stages (i.e., larvae, nymphs, and adults) were incubated at 27 °C and 85% RH and fed on laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Sixteen engorged larvae were obtained to start a laboratory colony. Average feeding period for larvae was 4.6 days (4–5). The first nymphal instar (N1) did not require feeding and the subsequent nymphal stages (N2, N3, and N4) and adults had feeding periods ranging from 55 to 75 min. Average pre-molting period in nymphs was 15 days (10–21). Most of the N3 molted to males and all N4 molted to females. Two gonotrophic cycles were recorded: the first had a preoviposition period of 12 days (7–18) and produced 190 eggs (171–223), the second lasted 6.6 days (6–7) and produced 146 eggs (104–201). The mean life cycle duration (from parental eggs to F1 eggs) was 70.7 days (58.7–82.7) without fasting periods. The collected data agree with previous studies even with differences in hosts and maintenance conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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20. Aspects of the biology, behavior and mating of Uroactinia sp. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Uroactiniidae).
- Author
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Vázquez, Ma. Magdalena, May, Daniel, Klompen, Hans, and Moraes, Gilberto J. De
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL sexual behavior , *PARASITIFORMES , *MITES , *BIOLOGY , *TICKS - Abstract
The mating process in Uroactinia sp. (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Uroactiniidae) is described. Mating is venter to venter with the male on top. Spermatophore production is relatively slow, and both partners cooperate in emptying the spermatophore. Observations on mating behavior are compared with those for other Uropodina. Spermatophore morphology and the process of spermatophore formation appear to be similar to those described in ticks (Ixodida). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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21. Reproductive features of the biology of some ticks of the family Ixodidae Murray, 1877 widespread in the southeast of the North Caucasus
- Author
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A. M. Atayev, M. M. Zubairova, and N. T. Karsakov
- Subjects
ticks ,ixodidae ,boophilus annulatus ,rhipicephalus bursa ,hyalomma detritum ,hyalomma scupense ,hyalomma anatolicum ,biology ,reproductive characteristics ,dagestan ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The purpose of the research is study of some reproductive characteristics of the biology of ticks of the family Ixodidae which are widespread in the southeast of the North Caucasus.Materials and methods. In 2000–2010, 9 series of experiments were carried out in the conditions of the plain belt in Dagestan. The first, second, and third series of experiments were intended to find out the duration of the tick searching for a place to fix on the animal, the duration of the skin incised and the proboscis inserted into the wound, and the engorgement duration; and the fourth series was intended to clarify the tick wintering on the animal. Such experiments were performed on two-year-old calf bulls on the Educational and Experimental Farm of the Dagestan State Agrarian University with Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Hyalomma detritum, H. scupense, and H. anatolicum in 2000. Five hungry adult female ticks were placed onto all 5 calf bulls in the middle third of the neck. We conducted experiments on searching for a place for egg-laying, egg-laying duration in the environment, number of eggs in a clutch, duration of the larva formed and the hatching rate, distance of the larvae from the hatching place, and larvae death rate in five specially equipped sites of pastures of 1 m2 . Five adult female ticks of B. annulatus, R. bursa, H. detritum, H. scupense, and H. anatolicum were placed after engorgement in each biological site.Results and discussion. Ixodid ticks perform their natural physiological functions associated with feeding and reproduction with significant time fluctuations. The search for a place to fix on the animal took 4–8 hours; the skin incised and proboscis inserted in the wound took 2–5 hours; the engorgement took 4–6 hours; the search for an egg-laying place took 10– 22 hours; the egg-laying duration in the environment was 18–23 hours; the number of eggs in a clutch was 4–13K; the duration of the larva formed and the hatching rate was 10–15 days and 58.0–75% respectively; the distance of the larva from the hatching place was 0.5–1.5 m; death rate of the larva in captivity was 100%; and the tick wintering on the animal was near the neck, ears, in the dewlap, the flank and the udder. These features are typical for the analyzed tick species in the southeast of the North Caucasus and, probably, for other taxa of these genera.
- Published
- 2021
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22. Living biotechnical lives: noise, parasites, and relational practices
- Author
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Morten Søndergaard and Laura Beloff
- Subjects
parasite ,Serres ,biology ,technology ,noise ,ticks ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 - Abstract
Life in the era of biotechnology opens up opportunities but also poses challenges related to our values and questions regarding the way we want to see coexistence on our planet, which is inhabited by many species. The parasite is our case study and an interesting concept that we inherit from biology but which is also addressed in humanism and philosophy. As humans, we commonly understand the concept of a parasite as a negative one that suggests someone or something which benefits at our expense. However, French philosopher Michel Serres had a different view of the parasite. According to him, the parasite is based on relationships between different entities, and there is often noise in these relationships. Serres refers to biologist Henri Atlan, who has argued that said noise forces the system to reorganize itself in a way that incorporates the noise into the complex system. The idea of noise as an integrated part of the system is quite far from today’s thought processes with the development of bio/technology that typically aims to be noiseless and error-free and have aesthetically attractive results. Therefore, although parasites are often associated with terms such as inhospitable, undesirable, and disgusting and are seen to be located outside of art and technology, in this paper, we argue that the concept of something parasitical is tightly intertwined with our contemporary biotechnical lives. The article relates Serres’ parasitic thinking to an artistic mediation of the biological parasite: the tick.
- Published
- 2022
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23. Living biotechnical lives: noise, parasites, and relational practices.
- Author
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Søndergaard, Morten and Beloff, Laura
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL evolution ,NOISE ,PARASITES ,BIOLOGISTS ,TICKS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,HUMANISM ,BIOTECHNOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Artnodes is the property of Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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24. Editorial: Babesia: biology, interactions, and mechanisms of pathogenesis in ticks and its hosts volume II.
- Author
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Heba Alzan, Yan Li, and Haiyan Gong
- Subjects
BABESIA ,BIOLOGY ,TICKS ,ZOOLOGY ,PARASITE life cycles ,HIDDEN Markov models ,TICK infestations - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Life cycle of the tick, Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) bispinosa (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.
- Author
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Senbill, Haytham, Borah, Deepak Kumar, Baruah, Aiswarya, Tanaka, Tetsuya, and Rahman, Sahidur
- Subjects
- *
IXODIDAE , *RHIPICEPHALUS , *MITES , *HATCHABILITY of eggs , *TICKS , *CULICOIDES , *OVIPARITY , *EGGS - Abstract
Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) bispinosa is one of the widest–spread tick species in Southern Asia vectoring pathogens to wildlife and livestock animals. Understanding biological parameters of this species is of great importance, particularly when setting control plans or for epidemiological studies under laboratory conditions. The aim of this study was to figure out the biological aspects of H. (K.) bispinosa under laboratory conditions. Three continuous generations of this tick have been recorded. The study resulted in overall means of 10.6 ± 2.46, 8.7 ± 2.68, and 14.6 ± 2.39 days for pre-oviposition period, oviposition, and egg incubation, respectively. Larvae needed means of 4.10 ± 1.24 and 7.50 ± 1.57 days for feeding and pre–moulting periods, respectively, whereas nymphs required means of 5.10 ± 1.32 and 10.90 ± 2.39 days for feeding and pre–moulting periods, respectively. Adult females engorged for a mean of 8.0 ± 0.79 days. The entire life cycle averaged of 71.0 ± 12.0 days. Adult females weighted an average of 47.6 ± 14.8 mg, which produced egg masses that averaged 10.9 ± 3.5 mg. The oviposition rate was 557 ± 179.1 eggs/female with a peak oviposition on day 4. Hatchability rate with an average of 94.3 ± 2.19% was recorded. Significant linear correlations between weight of engorged females and weight of egg mass, and with number of eggs laid were recorded (r = 0.90; P > 0.01; r = 0.89; P > 0.01, respectively). The life cycle of this tick species was ambiguous over the past, and finally has been cleared; therefore, it could be used in the future biological, epidemiological, and control investigations concerning this tick species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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26. Characterisation of a novel tick-derived dendritic cell modulator, Japanin
- Author
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Burger, Lena F. and Austyn, Jonathan M.
- Subjects
616.07 ,Life Sciences ,Biology ,Parasitology ,Disease (zoology) ,Ecology (zoology) ,Medical Sciences ,Biology (medical sciences) ,Immunology ,Pathology ,Pharmacology ,Vaccinology ,Surgery ,Dendritic cell research ,Transplantation ,Vascular research ,Dendritic cells ,Ticks ,immune modulation - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in immunity and represent a great target for modulation, because of their ability to prime T cells and direct their polarisation into effector subsets. Ticks release immunomodulatory compounds in their saliva, possibly in order to evade host immune responses during feeding. We have recently reported that Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks produce ‘Japanin’, a secretory lipocalin that arrests differentiation of monocytes into DC and reprogrammes maturation of DC in response to various stimuli towards a tolerogenic phenotype . Japanin was cloned and recombinantly expressed in a baculovirus system for subsequent immunological and biochemical analysis. This study was set out to further investigate the immunomodulatory activity of Japanin as well as the underlying mechanism of action. We have discovered that Japanin prevents DC-mediated proliferation and polarisation of allogeneic T cells. Experiments with labelled Japanin have demonstrated that it binds predominantly to ex vivo generated human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) and to a reduced degree to monocyte and DC populations in peripheral blood, yet to no other blood leucocytes. We have identified CD206, also known as the mannose receptor, as a Japanin-binding receptor on moDC. This identification has been achieved by crosslinking and subsequent pull-down of Japanin-receptor complexes from moDC. Affinity studies with recombinant CD206 constructs have confirmed the binding to Japanin. Moreover, the binding has been verified by specific siRNA knock-down of CD206 in moDC, which resulted in significantly decreased binding of Japanin. Unexpectedly, CD206 has appeared to be dispensable for at least most of the DC-modulatory activity of Japanin. Therefore, attempts were made to determine other factors in the mode of action of Japanin, through which we have found that IL-10 is not essentially involved. Further results have suggested that the activity of Japanin demands cell contact. Collectively, we have come to the conclusion that the mechanism of action of Japanin might require internalisation by DC, potentially enabling modulation of intracellular pathways involved in the regulation of DC maturation.
- Published
- 2014
27. Epigenetic Regulation of Tick Biology and Vectorial Capacity.
- Author
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De, Sandip, Kitsou, Chrysoula, Sonenshine, Daniel E., Pedra, Joao H.F., Fikrig, Erol, Kassis, Judith A., and Pal, Utpal
- Subjects
- *
EPIGENETICS , *TICKS , *BIOLOGY , *CASTOR bean tick , *EPIGENOMICS , *LONGEVITY , *ARTHROPODA - Abstract
Ticks exist across diverse environments and transmit numerous pathogens. Due to their long and unique life cycles, these arthropods likely evolved robust epigenetic mechanisms that provide sustainable responses and buffers against extreme environmental conditions. Herein, we highlight how the study of the epigenetic basis of tick biology and vectorial capacity will enrich our knowledge of tick-borne infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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28. Effect of low temperature and relative humidity on reproduction and survival of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus.
- Author
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Oshiro, Leandra Marla, da Silva Rodrigues, Vinicius, Garcia, Marcos Valerio, de Oliveira Souza Higa, Leandro, Suzin, Adriane, Barros, Jacqueline Cavalcante, and Andreotti, Renato
- Subjects
HUMIDITY ,LOW temperatures ,RHIPICEPHALUS ,TEMPERATURE effect ,TICKS ,EGG incubation - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of Rhipicephalus microplus females under low temperature, to determine the influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the biological parameters of this tick. In total 300 viable engorged female ticks collected from cattle were used. On the day of collection (D0), 30 female ticks were divided into three groups: G1, kept at 28 °C and 80% RH; G2, kept at 20 °C and 80% RH; and G3, kept at 20 °C and 30% RH. The remaining females were stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C. Over the next 9 days (D+1 to D+9), 30 female ticks were removed daily from the refrigerator and distributed among the three treatments. Egg mass, feed conversion rate, egg incubation period, larval hatch rate, number of dead females per group, weight of female tick removed from the refrigerator, and female tick weight loss were recorded. At 20 °C and 80% RH hatching was delayed. Among the female ticks kept in the refrigerator and then allocated to groups G1, G2, and G3, there was a reduction in reproductive efficiency and a rise in mortality as time in the refrigerator increased. The female ticks expressed their best reproductive capacity when subjected to the refrigeration temperature for a maximum of 3 days and then kept at 28 °C and 80% RH. Thus, although female ticks can be stored in the refrigerator before being sent to research centers for use in bioassays, the storage time should be as short as possible, not exceeding 3 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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29. Biological compatibility between two temperate lineages of brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
- Author
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Filipe Dantas-Torres, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Riccardo Paolo Lia, Gioia Capelli, Antonio Parisi, Daniele Porretta, Sandra Urbanelli, and Domenico Otranto
- Subjects
Ticks ,Genetics ,Morphology ,Biology ,Crossbreeding ,Paternal inheritance ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu stricto) is reputed to be the most widespread tick of domestic dogs worldwide and has also been implicated in the transmission of many pathogens to dogs and humans. For more than two centuries, Rh. sanguineus (s.s.) was regarded as a single taxon, even considering its poor original description and the inexistence of a type specimen. However, genetic and crossbreeding experiments have indicated the existence of at least two distinct taxa within this name: the so-called “temperate” and “tropical” lineages of Rh. sanguineus (sensu lato). Recent genetic studies have also demonstrated the existence of additional lineages of Rh. sanguineus (s.l.) in Europe and Asia. Herein, we assessed the biological compatibility between two lineages of Rh. sanguineus (s.l.) found in southern Europe, namely Rhipicephalus sp. I (from Italy) and Rhipicephalus sp. II (from Portugal). Methods Ticks morphologically identified as Rh. sanguineus (s.l.) were collected in southern Portugal and southern Italy. Tick colonies were established and crossbreeding experiments conducted. Morphological, biological and genetic analyses were conducted. Results Crossbreeding experiments confirmed that ticks from the two studied lineages were able to mate and generate fertile hybrids. Hybrid adult ticks always presented the same genotype of the mother, confirming maternal inheritance of mtDNA. However, larvae and nymphs originated from Rhipicephalus sp. I females presented mtDNA genotype of either Rhipicephalus sp. I or Rhipicephalus sp. II, suggesting the occurrence of paternal inheritance or mitochondrial heteroplasmy. While biologically compatible, these lineages are distinct genetically and phenotypically. Conclusions The temperate lineages of Rh. sanguineus (s.l.) studied herein are biologically compatible and genetic data obtained from both pure and hybrid lines indicate the occurrence of paternal inheritance or mitochondrial heteroplasmy. This study opens new research avenues and raises question regarding the usefulness of genetic data and crossbreeding experiments as criteria for the definition of cryptic species in ticks.
- Published
- 2018
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30. Life cycle of the tick Amblyomma humerale (Parasitiformes: Ixodida) in the laboratory.
- Author
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Martins, Thiago F., Teixeira, Rodrigo H. F., R. Benatti, Hector, Minervino, Antônio H. H., Soares, Herbert S., Soares, João F., and Labruna, Marcelo B.
- Subjects
- *
PARASITIFORMES , *TICKS , *AMBLYOMMA , *GOLDEN hamster , *CASTOR bean tick , *CHICKENS - Abstract
The tick Amblyomma humerale is endemic to South America, where its adult stage has been reportedmostly from terrestrial tortoises, whereas larvae and nymphs have been reported on various species of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Herein, we evaluated for the first time the life cycle of A. humerale in the laboratory. For this purpose, larvae and nymphs were exposed to feed on six host species: Gallus gallus, Mesocricetus auratus, Calomys callosus, Chelonoidis carbonaria, Salvator merianae, and Trachemys scripta. Adult ticks were exposed to feed on T. scripta. The life-cycle of A. humerale in the laboratory could be completed in an average period of ca. 200 days, considering prefeeding periods of 25 days for each of the parasitic stages. One bird species (G. gallus), one small mammal (C. callosus) and one reptile species (C. carbonaria) were the most suitable hosts for larvae; however, chickens (G. gallus) were the most suitable host for nymphs, whereas a turtle species (T. scripta) was highly suitable for adult ticks. These results corroborate field observations that indicated that the immature stages of A. humerale have a low host specificity, being able to feed successfully on reptiles, birds, and mammals, whereas reptiles are important hosts for the adult stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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31. Prevalência e diversidade de ectoparasitas em Wild Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) na região de Punjab, Paquistão
- Author
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Shahzad Ali, Arshad Javid, M. Tayyub, and Muhammad Imran
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Male ,ecological zones ,Veterinary medicine ,mites ,moscas ,QH301-705.5 ,pombo-da-rocha ,Science ,prevalence ,Cross-species transmission ,Animals, Wild ,piolhos ,Tick ,medicine.disease_cause ,ticks ,prevalência ,Age groups ,zonas ecológicas ,flies ,parasitic diseases ,Infestation ,carrapatos ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pakistan ,Parasites ,Potential source ,Biology (General) ,Columbidae ,Domestication ,biology ,Industrial area ,Botany ,ácaros ,lice ,Multiple species ,biology.organism_classification ,rock pigeon ,QL1-991 ,QK1-989 ,Female ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Zoology - Abstract
The current study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in rock pigeons in different regions of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 120 birds were captured from March 2017 to February 2019. The ectoparasites were collected by standard procedures and preserved in 70% ethanol containing one drop of glycerin. Data related to age, health status, sex, type of area, sampling location and season were collected using a standardized form. Ectoparasites were identified based on morphological characteristics by using identification keys. Ninety-six (80%) birds were infested with ectoparasites. A total of seven families and thirteen species of different ectoparasites were observed. Mainly, seven species of lice, two species of flies, one species of tick and three species of mites were recovered from infested birds. The female pigeons were more often infested (89.02%) than male pigeons (60.52%). The prevalence was found higher during summer (100%) as compared to other seasons. The infestation rate was higher in Industrial area (97.50%) as compared to other regions. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites (100%) was recorded from Sargodha district. There was significant (P < 0.05) variation among number of ectoparasites on wing, chest, tail and neck within age groups, seasons and ecological zones. The occurrence of parasites in relation to area, age, health status, sex and season were significant. The infestation rate of parasites in rock pigeon is high in different districts of Punjab. It is recommended that these wild birds infested with multiple species of ectoparasites could be the potential source of infestations in domesticated birds if they come in contact with them. The contact of domesticated birds should be prevented from wild birds to minimize the chance of cross species transmission of ectoparasites. Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para estimar a prevalência e diversidade de ectoparasitas em pombos-das-rochas em diferentes regiões de Punjab, Paquistão. Um total de 120 aves foram capturadas de março de 2017 a fevereiro de 2019. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados por procedimentos padrão e preservados em etanol 70% contendo uma gota de glicerina. Os dados relativos à idade, estado de saúde, sexo, tipo de área, local de amostragem e época do ano foram coletados em formulário padronizado. Os ectoparasitas foram identificados com base nas características morfológicas por meio de chaves de identificação. Noventa e seis (80%) aves estavam infestadas com ectoparasitas. Um total de sete famílias e treze espécies de diferentes ectoparasitas foram observados. Principalmente, sete espécies de piolhos, duas espécies de moscas, uma espécie de carrapato e três espécies de ácaros foram recuperadas de aves infestadas. Os pombos fêmeas foram infestados mais frequentemente (89,02%) do que os pombos machos (60,52%). A prevalência encontrada foi maior no verão (100%) em comparação com as outras estações. A taxa de infestação foi maior na área Industrial (97,50%) em relação às demais regiões. A maior prevalência de ectoparasitas (100%) foi registrada no distrito de Sargodha. Houve variação significativa (P
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- 2023
32. First Expert Elicitation of Knowledge on Possible Drivers of Observed Increasing Human Cases of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Europe
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Claude Saegerman, Marie-France Humblet, Marc Leandri, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Paul Heyman, Hein Sprong, Monique L’Hostis, Sara Moutailler, Sarah I. Bonnet, Nadia Haddad, Nathalie Boulanger, Stephen L. Leib, Thierry Hoch, Etienne Thiry, Laure Bournez, Jana Kerlik, Aurélie Velay, Solveig Jore, Elsa Jourdain, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Katharina Brugger, Julia Geller, Marie Studahl, Nataša Knap, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Daniel Růžek, Tizza P. Zomer, René Bødker, Thomas F. H. Berger, Sandra Martin-Latil, Nick De Regge, Alice Raffetin, Sandrine A. Lacour, Matthias Klein, Tinne Lernout, Elsa Quillery, Zdeněk Hubálek, Francisco Ruiz-Fons, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Philippe Fravalo, Pauline Kooh, Florence Etore, Céline M. Gossner, Bethan Purse, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Université de Liège, SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE (SOURCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Queen Astrid Military Hospital [Brussels], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Retraité, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie et Émergence des Pathogènes Transmis par les Arthropodes / Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virulence bactérienne précoce : fonctions cellulaires et contrôle de l'infection aiguë et subaiguë, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Department of Epidemiology, Regional Authority of Public Health in Banská Bystrica, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GÖG/ÖBIG (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH/Österreichisches Bundesinstitut für Gesundheitswesen)—Health Austria Ltd./Division of the Austrian Federal Institute for Health, National institute for health development Talinn, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Ljubljana, Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Veterinary Research Institute [Brno] (VRI), Lyme Center Apeldoorn, Gelre Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Agroscope, Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (CHIV), Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Metabiot (Metabiot), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht University [Maastricht], and This research received no external funding.
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clustering analysis ,Dermacentor reticulatus ,genus Ixodes ,610 Medicine & health ,drivers ,multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) ,MESH: Ixodes ,ticks ,expert elicitation ,TBEV ,tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) ,Infectious Diseases ,flavivirus ,sensitivity analysis ,Virology ,MESH: Dermacentor ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,MESH: Europe ,uncertainty ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,MESH: Encephalitis, Tick-Borne ,570 Biowissenschaften ,Biologie - Abstract
International audience; Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease endemic in Eurasia. The virus is mainly transmitted to humans via ticks and occasionally via the consumption of unpasteurized milk products. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported an increase in TBE incidence over the past years in Europe as well as the emergence of the disease in new areas. To better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the drivers of TBE emergence and increase in incidence in humans through an expert knowledge elicitation. We listed 59 possible drivers grouped in eight domains and elicited forty European experts to: (i) allocate a score per driver, (ii) weight this score within each domain, and (iii) weight the different domains and attribute an uncertainty level per domain. An overall weighted score per driver was calculated, and drivers with comparable scores were grouped into three terminal nodes using a regression tree analysis. The drivers with the highest scores were: (i) changes in human behavior/activities; (ii) changes in eating habits or consumer demand; (iii) changes in the landscape; (iv) influence of humidity on the survival and transmission of the pathogen; (v) difficulty to control reservoir(s) and/or vector(s); (vi) influence of temperature on virus survival and transmission; (vii) number of wildlife compartments/groups acting as reservoirs or amplifying hosts; (viii) increase of autochthonous wild mammals; and (ix) number of tick species vectors and their distribution. Our results support researchers in prioritizing studies targeting the most relevant drivers of emergence and increasing TBE incidence.
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- 2023
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33. Heartland Virus Transmission, Suffolk County, New York, USA
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Joseph G. Maffei, Laura D. Kramer, Melissa A. Prusinski, Kiet A. Ngo, Alan P. Dupuis, Alexander T. Ciota, P. Bryon Backenson, Scott R. Campbell, Fumiko Ribbe, Michael P. Santoriello, Christopher L. Romano, Cheri A. Koetzner, Stephen M. Rich, Collin O'Connor, and Guang Xu
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Phlebovirus ,Microbiology (medical) ,Heartland Virus Transmission, Suffolk County, New York, USA ,Epidemiology ,New York ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Odocoileus ,Tick ,ticks ,law.invention ,Amblyomma americanum ,law ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,viruses ,Seroconversion ,Suffolk County ,Disease surveillance ,biology ,Deer ,HRTV ,Dispatch ,transmission ,vector–borne infections ,Heartland virus ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,United States ,white–tailed deer ,zoonoses ,white-tailed deer ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Geography ,arboviruses ,surveillance ,Medicine ,lone star tick - Abstract
During 2018, Heartland virus RNA was detected in an Amblyomma americanum tick removed from a resident of Suffolk County, New York, USA. The persons showed seroconversion. Tick surveillance and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurveys showed widespread distribution in Suffolk County, emphasizing a need for disease surveillance anywhere A. americanum ticks are established or emerging.
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- 2021
34. Molecular identification of Rickettsia spp. in chigger mites in Taiwan
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Chi Chien Kuo, Pei-Lung Lee, and Hsi-Chieh Wang
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Mite Infestations ,Trombiculidae ,animal structures ,Taiwan ,Zoology ,Rodentia ,Scrub typhus ,Rodent Diseases ,Ticks ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Rickettsia sp ,Rickettsia ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Molecular identification ,Rickettsia species ,General Veterinary ,biology ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Pathogenicity ,Scrub Typhus ,Insect Science ,Siphonaptera ,bacteria ,Parasitology - Abstract
The genus Rickettsia is the causative agent of several rickettsial diseases that are primarily transmitted by hard ticks. The occurrence of Rickettsia in chigger mites, which are vectors of scrub typhus in the western Pacific region, has been infrequently investigated. We identified Rickettsia spp. in chiggers collected from small mammals in six counties of Taiwan. Moreover, by capitalising on parallel Rickettsia detections on small mammals and their infested ticks and fleas, we were able to identify Rickettsia spp. that suggested more intimate associations with chigger mites. Rickettsia detection rates in 318 pools of chiggers were 21.7% and 22.3% when based on the ompB and gltA gene, respectively. Overall, we identified six (based on the ompB gene) and eight (gltA gene) Rickettsia species. Approximately half of the sequenced species were most similar to Rickettsia sp. clone MB74-1 (ompB gene) and Rickettsia sp. TwKM02 (gltA gene). Furthermore, both species were either infrequently or never identified in small mammals, ticks and fleas, which suggests that chigger mites might be the primary host of both rickettsiae. Whether both species are pathogenic to humans remains to be studied. They may also be microbial endosymbionts of chigger mites, with their potential effects on the pathogenicity of the aetiologic agent of scrub typhus deserving further investigations.
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- 2021
35. Collaborating With Community Scientists Across Arkansas to Update Tick Distributions and Pathogen Prevalence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia and Ehrlichia
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Sean G Young, Kelly M. Loftin, and Ashley P. G. Dowling
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Ehrlichia ,Zoology ,Tick ,Amblyomma americanum ,Ticks ,Amblyomma ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Amblyomma maculatum ,Rickettsia ,Dermacentor variabilis ,Tick-borne disease ,Arkansas ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Ehrlichiosis ,Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Spotted fever ,Infectious Diseases ,Tick-Borne Diseases ,Insect Science ,Ehrlichiosis (canine) ,Parasitology - Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBD) in humans have dramatically increased over recent years and although the bulk of cases are attributable to Lyme Disease in the Northeastern US, TBDs like spotted fever rickettsiosis and ehrlichiosis heavily impact other parts of the country, namely the mid-south. Understanding tick and pathogen distributions and prevalence traditionally requires active surveillance, which quickly becomes logistically and financially unrealistic as the geographic area of focus increases. We report on a community science effort to survey ticks across Arkansas to obtain updated data on tick distributions and prevalence of human tick-borne disease-causing pathogens in the most commonly encountered ticks. During a 20-mo period, Arkansans submitted 9,002 ticks from 71 of the 75 counties in the state. Amblyomma americanum was the most common tick species received, accounting for 76% of total tick submissions. Nearly 6,000 samples were screened for spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) and Ehrlichia, resulting in general prevalence rates of 37.4 and 5.1%, respectively. In addition, 145 ticks (2.5%) were infected with both SFGR and Ehrlichia. Arkansas Department of Health reported 2,281 spotted fever and 380 ehrlichiosis cases during the same period as our tick collections. Since known SFGR vectors Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum were not the most common ticks submitted, nor did they have the highest prevalence rates of SFGR, it appears that other tick species play the primary role in infecting humans with SFGR. Our investigation demonstrated the utility of community science to efficiently and economically survey ticks and identify vector-borne disease risk in Arkansas.
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- 2021
36. The unusual cell wall of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi is shaped by a tick sugar
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Mara R. Kushelman, Brandon L. Jutras, Tanner G. DeHart, Richard F. Helm, and Sherry B. Hildreth
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Microbiology (medical) ,Glycan ,Immunology ,Peptidoglycan ,Chitobiose ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Article ,Bacterial cell structure ,Cell wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ticks ,Cell Wall ,Genetics ,Animals ,Borrelia burgdorferi ,Cellular microbiology ,biology ,Bacteriology ,Cell Biology ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,chemistry ,Muramic Acids ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,biology.protein ,Pathogens ,Cell envelope ,Sugars ,Bacteria - Abstract
Peptidoglycan—a mesh sac of glycans that are linked by peptides—is the main component of bacterial cell walls. Peptidoglycan provides structural strength, protects cells from osmotic pressure and contributes to shape. All bacterial glycans are repeating disaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) β-(1–4)-linked to N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-borne Lyme disease pathogen, produces glycan chains in which MurNAc is occasionally replaced with an unknown sugar. Nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy and genetic analyses show that B. burgdorferi produces glycans that contain GlcNAc–GlcNAc. This unusual disaccharide is chitobiose, a component of its chitinous tick vector. Mutant bacteria that are auxotrophic for chitobiose have altered morphology, reduced motility and cell envelope defects that probably result from producing peptidoglycan that is stiffer than that in wild-type bacteria. We propose that the peptidoglycan of B. burgdorferi probably evolved by adaptation to obligate parasitization of a tick vector, resulting in a biophysical cell-wall alteration to withstand the atypical torque associated with twisting motility., Tick chitobiose is co-opted to build the cell wall of Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi.
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- 2021
37. First molecular detection of Hemolivia and Hepatozoon parasites in reptile-associated ticks on Iriomote Island, Japan
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Hisao Tamura, Noriko Kidera, Yongjin Qiu, Kanta Fujishima, Masaki Hayashi, and May June Thu
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Amblyomma geoemydae ,Zoology ,Hepatozoon ,law.invention ,Amblyomma nitidum ,Ticks ,Japan ,law ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Animals ,Parasites ,Clade ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Phylogeny ,Reptile-associated ticks ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Amblyomma ,Reptiles ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Hemolivia ,Insect Science ,Protozoa ,Parasitology - Abstract
Hepatozoon and Hemolivia are members of the haemogregarines and are reported in reptiles and reptile-associated ticks. However, no studies have reported on Hepatozoon and Hemolivia in Japanese reptile-associated ticks. This study aimed to molecularly identify and to characterize Hepatozoon and Hemolivia in Japanese reptile-associated ticks, Amblyomma geoemydae (Cantor, 1847) and Amblyomma nitidum (Hirst & Hirst, 1910). A total of 41 and 75 DNA samples from A. geoemydae and A. nitidum ticks, respectively, were used for screening of Hepatozoon and Hemolivia with polymerase chain reaction targeting 18S rDNA. As a result, Hemolivia and Hepatozoon were detected in two A. geoemydae and one A. nitidum, respectively. The sequences of Hemolivia spp. showed a 99.5% (1,050/1,055 bp) identity with Hemolivia parvula (KR069083), and the Hemolivia spp. were located in the same clade as H. parvula in the phylogenetic tree. The sequences of Hepatozoon sp. showed a 98.4% (1,521/1,545 bp) identity with Hepatozoon colubri (MN723844), and the Hepatozoon sp. was distinct from validated Hepatozoon species in the tree. Our findings highlight the first molecular record of Hemolivia in Japan and present the first detection of Hepatozoon in A. nitidum. Further investigations on these tick-borne protozoa are required to understand their life cycle and pathogenicity.
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- 2021
38. Presence of antibodies to Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in sheep in Tunisia, North Africa
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Ansgar Schulz, Mohsen Bouajila, Mohamed Gharbi, Médiha Khamassi Khbou, Ali Mirazimi, Faten Bouaicha Zaafouri, Limam Sassi, Mourad Rekik, Rihab Romdhane, Sofia Appelberg, Martin H. Groschup, and M’hammed Benzarti
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sheep ,Tunisia ,Ixodidae ,Veterinary medicine ,Sheep Diseases ,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus ,North africa ,Neutralization ,Virus ,Ticks ,SF600-1100 ,Animals ,Haemorrhagic fever ,virus neutralisation test ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus ,Original Articles ,biology.organism_classification ,Tick vector ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Virology ,Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo ,biology.protein ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean ,Original Article ,ELISA ,Antibody ,Hyalomma - Abstract
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick‐borne disease causing severe and fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Hyalomma spp. ticks are the primary vectors and sheep are important CCHF virus (CCHFV)‐amplifying hosts. In this study, blood samples and ticks collected in October 2019 from 270 sheep from 15 farms across Tunisia constituted the main research material. Moreover, the sera of the same animals taken at different periods between 2018 and 2019 were also used to obtain comparative results. To investigate the presence of anti‐CCHFV antibodies in sheep, all sera were tested using ELISA. Reactive sera were further characterised by a virus neutralisation test (VNT). Overall, one out of the 270 tested sheep was both ELISA‐ and strongly VNT‐positive to CCHFV. Another two sheep were borderline ELISA‐positive but did not exhibit neutralising antibodies. Ninety‐one ticks were collected from all sampled sheep, of which 34 (37.4%) belonged to Hyalomma spp. This is the first report of anti‐CCHFV antibodies in sheep from Tunisia. Both the results of this study and the recent CCHFV detection in ticks collected from camels in southern Tunisia indicate that further studies are needed to determine the competent tick vector in the country and to characterise the epidemiological cycle of CCHFV., This is the first report of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus seroprevalence in sheep in Tunisia. Despite the low seroprevalence, there is evidence of CCHFV introduction in Tunisia, may be through migratory birds carrying infected ticks from Europe. Further study on CCHFV epidemiology among ticks, hosts and humans should be urgently conducted.
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- 2021
39. Isolation and characterization of tick-borne Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and rodent-borne Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov
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Ji Pu, Juan Zhou, Xin-He Lai, Zhenjun Li, Wentao Zhu, Shan Lu, Jianguo Xu, Liyun Liu, Jing Yang, Yuyuan Huang, and Dong Jin
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DNA, Bacterial ,Rodent ,Cardiolipins ,Tick ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Article ,Ticks ,Tick borne ,biology.animal ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Genotype ,Animals ,marmot ,Phylogeny ,Base Composition ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,Roseomonas marmotae ,Phosphatidylethanolamines ,Roseomonas haemaphysalidis ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Isolation (microbiology) ,tick ,Roseomonas ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Marmota ,Roseomonas ludipueritiae ,Qinghai-Tibet plateau ,Methylobacteriaceae - Abstract
Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546T and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots (strains 1318T and 1311). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains 546T and 573 were 97.8% identical to Roseomonas wenyumeiae Z23T, whereas strains 1311 and 1318T were 98.3% identical to Roseomonas ludipueritiae DSM 14915T. In addition, a 98.0% identity was observed between strains 546T and 1318T. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strains 546T and 573 clustered with R. wenyumeiae Z23T, whereas strains 1311 and 1318T grouped with R. ludipueritiae DSM 14915T. The average nucleotide identity between our isolates and members of the genus Roseomonas was below 95%. The genomic G+C content of strains 546T and 1318T was 70.9% and 69.3%, respectively. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major polar lipids, with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. According to all genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses, the four strains represent two novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the names Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov. are proposed, with 546T (= GDMCC 1.1780T = JCM 34187T) and 1318T (= GDMCC 1.1781T = JCM 34188T) as type strains, respectively. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12275-022-1428-1 and is accessible for authorized users.
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- 2021
40. Parasitic strategies of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance
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Nicolas Desneux, Filippo Di Giovanni, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Angelo Canale, John C. Beier, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Giovanni Benelli, André Barretto Bruno Wilke, Marco Pombi, Domenico Otranto, and Andrea Lucchi
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trophically transmitted parasites ,directly transmitted parasites ,micropredators ,mosquitoes ,bed bugs ,bot flies ,fleas ,kissing bugs ,lice ,myasis-causing larvae ,pentastomids ,sand flies ,ticks ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biology ,Insect Science ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Bed bugs ,Bot flies ,Directly transmitted parasites ,Fleas ,Kissing bugs ,Lice ,Micropredators ,Mosquitoes ,Myasis-causing larvae ,Pentastomids ,Sand flies ,Ticks ,Trophically transmitted parasites - Published
- 2021
41. ZOVER: the database of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses
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Bo Liu, Jian Yang, Lihong Chen, Zhiqiang Wu, Yuyang Wang, Yelin Han, and Siyu Zhou
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Databases, Factual ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00010 ,Datasets as Topic ,Rodentia ,Disease Vectors ,Biology ,computer.software_genre ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Ticks ,Chiroptera ,Zoonoses ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,Database Issue ,Human virome ,Internet ,Online visualization ,Database ,Outbreak ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Culicidae ,Virus Diseases ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Viruses ,Emerging infectious disease ,computer ,Software - Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases significantly threaten global public health and socioeconomic security. The majority of emerging infectious disease outbreaks are caused by zoonotic/vector-borne viruses. Bats and rodents are the two most important reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses that can cross species barriers to infect humans, whereas mosquitos and ticks are well-established major vectors of many arboviral diseases. Moreover, some emerging zoonotic diseases require a vector to spread or are intrinsically vector-borne and zoonotically transmitted. In this study, we present a newly upgraded database of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses designated ZOVER (http://www.mgc.ac.cn/ZOVER). It incorporates two previously released databases, DBatVir and DRodVir, for bat- and rodent-associated viruses, respectively, and further collects up-to-date knowledge on mosquito- and tick-associated viruses to establish a comprehensive online resource for zoonotic and vector-borne viruses. Additionally, it integrates a set of online visualization tools for convenient comparative analyses to facilitate the discovery of potential patterns of virome diversity and ecological characteristics between/within different viral hosts/vectors. The ZOVER database will be a valuable resource for virologists, zoologists and epidemiologists to better understand the diversity and dynamics of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses and conduct effective surveillance to monitor potential interspecies spillover for efficient prevention and control of future emerging zoonotic diseases.
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- 2021
42. Occurrence of Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 on Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945 in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Josivania Soares Pereira, Thiago Ferreira Lopes Nery, Gabriel Vinícius Carvalho de Lucena, Kleber Silva de Oliveira Filho, Aksa Ingrid Vieira Batista, and Thiago Fernandes Martins
- Subjects
Epicrates assisi ,General Veterinary ,biology ,parasitology ,Subfamily boinae ,Veterinary medicine ,Rainbow boa ,Zoology ,Tick ,biology.organism_classification ,Order squamata ,ticks ,Geography ,SF600-1100 ,Amblyomma rotundatum ,Nymph ,Taxonomic key ,herpetology - Abstract
The Caatinga rainbow boa (Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945) is a snake belonging to the order Squamata, family Boidae, and subfamily Boinae. It has a wide distribution in Brazil and can be found in the Caatinga biome. The present study aims to report the first occurrence of Amblyomma rotundatum on E. assisi in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba State (PB). On March 3, 2020, a tick collection was performed on the dorsal region of the head of an E. assisi, which was captive at the Arruda Câmara Zoobotanical Park, João Pessoa-PB. After collecting the tick, it was transferred to a flask containing 70º alcohol and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for analysis. Identification was done with the aid of a stereomicroscope using a taxonomic key. The result identified this specimen as a nymph of A. rotundatum. The occurrence of this tick species on E. assisi is reported for the first time and constitutes new data applicable to the ectoparasites that occur in this host species in Brazil.
- Published
- 2021
43. Microbiome of Haemaphysalis longicornis Tick in Korea
- Author
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In-Yong Lee, Myung Jun Kim, Dongeun Yong, Myung Hee Yi, Bo-Young Jeon, Tai Soon Yong, and Ju Yeong Kim
- Subjects
Male ,Anaplasma ,Anaplasma bovis ,Ixodidae ,Zoology ,microbiome ,Biology ,Tick ,vector-borne disease ,Haemaphysalis longicornis ,Coxiella ,Ticks ,parasitic diseases ,Republic of Korea ,Animals ,Humans ,Microbiome ,Rickettsia ,Nymph ,Microbiota ,biology.organism_classification ,Rickettsia rickettsii ,Coxiella burnetii ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Infectious Diseases ,bacteria ,Parasitology ,Original Article ,Female - Abstract
Ticks can transmit pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, and viruses to humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the microbiomes of Haemaphysalis longicornis according to sex and life stages. The Shannon index was significantly higher for nymphs than adult ticks. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the microbiome composition of female adult and male adult ticks were different. Notably, Coxiella-like bacterium (AB001519), known as a tick symbiont, was found in all nymphs and female adult ticks, but only one out of 4 male adult ticks had Coxiella-like bacterium (AB001519). In addition, Rickettsia rickettsii, Coxiella burnetii, and Anaplasma bovis were detected in this study.
- Published
- 2021
44. Living Biotechnical Lives:noise, parasites, and relational practices
- Author
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Søndergaard, Morten and Beloff, Laura
- Subjects
noise ,biology ,evolution ,parasite ,technology ,Serres ,rela-tions ,science ,biotechnology ,ticks - Abstract
Life in the era of biotechnology opens up opportunities but also poses challenges related to our values and questions regarding the way we want to see coexistence on our planet, which is inhabited by many species. The parasite is our case study and an interesting concept that we inherit from biology but which is also addressed in humanism and philosophy. As humans, we commonly understand the concept of a parasite as a negative one that suggests someone or something which benefits at our expense. Howev-er, French philosopher Michel Serres had a different view of the parasite. According to him, the parasite is based on relationships between different entities, and there is often noise in these relationships. Serres refers to biologist Henri Atlan, who has argued that said noise forces the system to reorganize itself in a way that incorporates the noise into the complex system. The idea of noise as an integrated part of the system is quite far from today’s thought processes with the develop-ment of bio/ technology that typically aims to be noiseless and error-free and have aesthetically attractive results. Therefore, although parasites are often associated with terms such as inhospitable, undesirable, and disgusting and are seen to be located outside of art and technology, in this paper, we argue that the concept of something parasitical is tightly inter-twined with our contemporary biotechnical lives. The article relates Serres’ parasitic thinking to an artistic mediation of the biological parasite: the tick.
- Published
- 2022
45. Species distribution and ecological suitability analysis for potential tick vectors of Kyasanur forest disease in the Western Ghats of Kerala
- Author
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Sahina Sidhik and Balasubramanian Rathinam
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Ixodidae ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Haemaphysalis spinigera ,Species distribution ,Amblyomma ,Tick ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Haemaphysalis ,Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne ,Kyasanur Forest Disease ,Ticks ,Tick-Borne Diseases ,Insect Science ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Kyasanur forest disease ,Haemaphysalis turturis - Abstract
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne zoonotic viral disease with an estimated case fatality rate of 3% to 5% in humans. The KFD virus is transmitted to both humans and animals by infected ticks, primarily the Haemaphysalis species. Our study was undertaken following reports of five confirmed cases and three deaths due to KFD in Malappuram district of Kerala in 2014 to determine the diversity of Ixodidae ticks on vegetation and their possible infection with the KFD virus. Overall, 3502 hard ticks belonging to three genera and eight species were collected from two forest divisions. Haemaphysalis was the predominant tick species (92.72%). Tick positivity for the KFD virus was 4 (5.33%) of 75 pools of ticks tested. Kyasanur forest disease viral RNA was detected from the genera Haemaphysalis and Amblyomma. The KFD virus was detected in 2 of 35 pools (5.71%) of Haemaphysalis spinigera, 1 of 30 pools (3.33%) of Haemaphysalis turturis, and 1 of 3 pools (3.33%) of Amblyomma integrum from the south forest division. The ticks reached their peak density between December and February and then decreased from the end of May. The temperature in the area ranges from 28°C to 30°C, which is suitable for tick survival.
- Published
- 2021
46. Analysis of selected serological parameters in patients with diagnosed Lyme borreliosis and in seropositive patients with no clinical symptoms
- Author
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Katarzyna Matuska, Hanna Fota-Markowska, Anna Pańczuk, and Małgorzata Tokarska-Rodak
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Chemokine ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Disease ,Serology ,Young Adult ,Ticks ,Immune system ,Western blot ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Asymptomatic Infections ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Lyme Disease ,Tick Bites ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Borrelia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Immunoglobulin M ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,CXCL9 ,Female ,Chemokines ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyze some metalloproteinases, cytokines, and chemokines in LB patients and healthy seropositive subjects. The presence of IgM/IgG antibodies against specific Borreliella antigens was analyzed in the presence or absence of clinical manifestations of LB. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 38 patients diagnosed with LB and arthralgia and/or arthritis symptoms, and 57 foresters presenting no clinical symptoms of LB. The ELISA test was applied for general screening of anti-Borreliella IgM/IgG. Western blot was used for confirmatory diagnosis of LB for the positive and borderline results. Serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-8, CCL5, CXCL9/MIG, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10 concentrations were measured with the use of the Human Cytometric CBA test. The concentration of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the serum was determined with the use of ELISA tests. RESULTS Analysis of the cytokines and chemokines revealed that only the concentration of IL-2 was significantly higher (2.4 pg/m; p=0.00641) in patients with LB symptoms than in the seropositive individuals (0.4 pg/ml). The MMP2 concentration was significantly higher (233.3 ng/ml; p=0.00294) in patients with clinical manifestations of LB than in those occupationally exposed to tick bites, but did not have anti-Borreliella antibodies (192.0 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS The presence of IgG antibodies against a number of Borreliella antigens and the differences in the IL-2 and MMP2 levels in seropositive or seronegative individuals and symptomatic LB patients, may indicate differences in the intensity of the immune response to the infection and, consequently, may induce development of clinical manifestations of the disease in seropositive and seronegative individuals.
- Published
- 2021
47. Molecular evidence of zoonotic Babesia species, other than B. microti , in ixodid ticks collected from small mammals in the Republic of Korea
- Author
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Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tae-Kyu Kim, Hyunwoo Kim, Hee Il Lee, Tae Yun Kim, Wook-Gyo Lee, and Seong Yoon Kim
- Subjects
Ixodidae ,Veterinary medicine ,animal diseases ,Babesia ,Zoology ,Tick ,18S ribosomal RNA ,law.invention ,Ticks ,law ,Babesiosis ,SF600-1100 ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Phylogeny ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Mammals ,General Veterinary ,biology ,the Republic of Korea ,Original Articles ,Ribosomal RNA ,Amplicon ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,tick ,Original Article ,ribosomal RNA - Abstract
The occurrence of tick‐borne infectious diseases, including zoonotic babesiosis, has become a serious concern in recent years. In this study, we detected Babesia spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 18S rRNA of the parasites isolated from ixodid ticks collected from small mammals in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Sequence analysis of the PCR amplicon revealed the presence of B. duncani, B. venatorum, B. capreoli/divergens, and, the most prevalent, B. microti in the ticks. The molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the four species‐specific18S rRNA sequences clustered in four distinct clades. This is the first study to provide molecular evidence for the presence of zoonotic Babesia spp. other than B. microti in ticks in the ROK., Babesiosis is an emerging malaria‐like disease caused by tick‐borne parasites. This study is the first to identify zoonotic Babesia spp. besides the predominant Babesia microti in ticks parasitizing on small mammals inhabiting different regions in the Republic of Korea. This indicates the need for nationwide surveillance of wildlife to prevent the occurrence of various zoonotic Babesia parasites.
- Published
- 2021
48. Atypical bacterial infections of the central nervous system transmitted by ticks: An unknown threat
- Author
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J. Azcona Saenz, C.A. Salas Venero, E. Marco de Lucas, D. Herrán de la Gala, and A.M. Arnáiz García
- Subjects
Central Nervous System ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Atypical bacteria ,business.industry ,Bacterial Infections ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Leukoencephalopathy ,Ticks ,Lyme Neuroborreliosis ,Neuroimaging ,Borrelia burgdorferi ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medical history ,Differential diagnosis ,Medical History Taking ,business ,Rickettsia conorii ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Infections of the central nervous system caused by atypical bacteria are becoming more common. Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsia conorii are microorganisms transmitted by ticks; infection with these bacteria result in a wide spectrum of manifestations on imaging. In areas where these tick-borne microorganisms are endemic, including Spain, these infections must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with a variety of systemic and neurologic symptoms. The clinical presentation of these infections is nonspecific, and CT is normally the initial imaging technique, although MRI is more sensitive to early changes. On MRI, these infections can manifest as small lesions in the deep supratentorial white matter that are hyperintense on T2-weighted/FLAIR sequences. It is fundamental to know the imaging characteristics of the different atypical bacterial infections and their differential diagnoses. Good history taking combined with complementary tests (blood tests and CSF analysis) and the neuroimaging findings can help reach the right diagnosis and enable appropriate treatment, thereby preventing possible neurological sequelae.
- Published
- 2021
49. The emerging tick-borne pathogen Neoehrlichia mikurensis: first French case series and vector epidemiology
- Author
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Chasy Mewa Kamdem, Lisa Baldinger, Yves Hansmann, Laurence Zilliox, Benoît Jaulhac, Brigitte Degeilh, Xavier Wirth, Nathalie Boulanger, and Pierre H. Boyer
- Subjects
Male ,Ixodes ricinus ,Epidemiology ,Immunology ,Disease Vectors ,Microbiology ,Neoehrlichiosis ,Cohort Studies ,post-tick bite fever ,Ticks ,Tick borne ,Virology ,parasitic diseases ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Intracellular bacterium ,Animals ,Humans ,Pathogen ,Aged ,Tick-borne disease ,biology ,Neoehrlichia mikurensis ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Anaplasmataceae ,Infectious Diseases ,Tick-Borne Diseases ,Anaplasmataceae Infections ,Parasitology ,Female ,France ,vector epidemiology ,Research Article - Abstract
Neoehrlichia mikurensis is an intracellular bacterium transmitted in Europe and Asia by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. Interest in this bacterium has increased since it was demonstrated to be responsible for febrile syndromes in patients. To date, most clinical cases have been reported in northern Europe, but case series have also been described in central Europe and China. Notably, thrombotic events occurred during the course of the disease. We investigated the presence of N. mikurensis in 10,885 I. ricinus nymphs in two regions of France (Alsace and Brittany) collected between 2013 and 2020 and in 934 patients suspected of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Alsace, an endemic area for Lyme borreliosis, using a specific PCR assay. N. mikurensis was detected in 5.42% of the ticks from Alsace, whereas only one (0.03%) tick was found to be positive in Brittany. Spatiotemporal disparities were also noticed within the Alsace region over the four collection sites investigated, and a significant increase in the prevalence of nymphs carrying N. mikurensis was also observed in the last three years of collection. Four out of 934 screened patients were found to be positive for N. mikurensis. Two had malignancies, and the other two were apparently immunocompetent. Superficial thrombosis was noticed in one patient, and long-lasting bacteremia was noted in another patient. These four patients are the first clinical cases of neoehrlichiosis described in France. We suggest including N. mikurensis in the differential diagnosis of post-tick bite febrile syndromes to treat patients and prevent the occurrence of thrombotic complications.
- Published
- 2021
50. Association of Dromedary Camels and Camel Ticks with Reassortant Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, United Arab Emirates
- Author
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Tom Loney, Noushad Karuvantevida, Pia Weidinger, Jeremy V. Camp, Sathiskumar Ramaswamy, Babiker Mohammed Osman, Ahmad N. Abou Tayoun, Norbert Nowotny, Jolanta Kolodziejek, and Dafalla O Kannan
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,endocrine system ,Veterinary medicine ,Camelus ,Ixodidae ,Epidemiology ,vector-borne infections ,United Arab Emirates ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Biology ,Association of Dromedary Camels and Camel Ticks with Reassortant Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, United Arab Emirates ,ticks ,Camelus dromedarius ,Hyalomma ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,parasitic diseases ,camels ,Animals ,Seroprevalence ,viruses ,Sheep ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,camel ticks ,Dispatch ,transmission ,dromedary camels ,biology.organism_classification ,Hemorrhagic fever virus ,zoonoses ,Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ,CCHFV ,Infectious Diseases ,reassortant ,Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo ,Medicine ,Cattle ,Livestock ,business ,Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus - Abstract
We previously detected a potentially novel reassortant of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in camels at the largest livestock market in the United Arab Emirates. A broader survey of large mammals at the site indicated zoonotic transmission is associated with dromedaries and camel ticks. Seroprevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats is minimal.
- Published
- 2021
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