1. A Comprehensive Review of Manifestations of Novel Coronaviruses in the Context of Deadly COVID-19 Global Pandemic
- Author
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Stephanie Thomas, Zahra Qamar, Daniel Frisch, Baskaran Sundaram, Ross Summer, Joeseph DeSimone, Gautam George, Corbin Pomeranz, and Aishwarya Gulati
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,viruses ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Context (language use) ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,MERS-CoV ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,Coronavirus ,Novel coronavirus ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,virus diseases ,Outbreak ,SARS-CoV ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,respiratory tract diseases ,Pneumonia ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ,Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Since December 2019, the global pandemic caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading. As of April 2020, the outbreak has spread to over 210 countries, with over 2,400,000 confirmed cases and over 170,000 deaths [1]. COVID-19 causes a severe pneumonia characterized by fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Similar coronavirus outbreaks have occurred in the past causing severe pneumonia like COVID-19, most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). However, over time, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were shown to cause extra-pulmonary signs and symptoms including hepatitis, acute renal failure, encephalitis, myositis, and gastroenteritis. Similarly, sporadic reports of COVID-19 related extrapulmonary manifestations emerge. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive summary of the multi-organ manifestations of COVID-19, making it difficult for clinicians to quickly educate themselves about this highly contagious and deadly pathogen. What's more, is that SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are the closest humanity has come to combating something similar to COVID-19, however, there exists no comparison between the manifestations of any of these novel coronaviruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the manifestations of the novel coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19, with a particular focus on the latter, and highlight their differences and similarities.
- Published
- 2020