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Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:24:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 This study evaluated the performance, immune response to vaccination, digestive organs, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiological development in the diet and litter of Isa Brown strains at growing receiving phase alternative additives in the place of antibiotics. Four treatments were arrayed in a completely randomized design: T1) Basal diet without antibiotics, T2) Basal diet with antibiotics, T3) Basal diet with probiotics, and T4) Basal diet without antibiotics and water modified by a photoelectron generator. There were six replications of eight birds each and thus a total of 192 birds. Performance was evaluated for eight weeks and during this period blood samples were collected at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age for serological evaluation. At the end of the experimental period, 24 birds were euthanized, collecting the intestinal tract and later performing histomorphometry. Microbiological analyses were performed in the experimental diets and in the material of the litter of the boxes. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the contrast between treatment means when significant by Tukey's test. The results indicate that the replacement of antibiotics with T3 or T4 did not interfere negatively (P >0.05) in the performance of the birds, immunological response, viscera analyses and intestinal histomorphometry. In addition, use of T3 and T4 might lead to more rapid decomposition of excreta and reduce antibiotic residue in the soil when the litter is used in crop production. Sao Paulo Agribusiness Technol Agcy APTA, Anim Sci Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil Kakimoto Poultry Farm, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Morphol & Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Morphol & Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil

The onset of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encouraged the development of new serologic tests that could be additional and complementary to real-time RT-PCR-based assays. In such a context, the study of performances of available tests is urgently needed, as their use has just been initiated for seroprevalence assessment. The aim of this study was to compare four chemiluminescence immunoassays and one immunochromatography test for SARS-Cov-2 antibodies for the evaluation of the degree of diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Salerno Province (Campania Region, Italy). A total of 3,185 specimens from citizens were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as part of a screening program. Four automated immunoassays (Abbott and Liaison SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG and Roche and Siemens SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgM/IgG/IgA assays) and one lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA Technogenetics IgG–IgM COVID-19) were used. Seroprevalence in the entire cohort was 2.41, 2.10, 1.82, and 1.85% according to the Liaison IgG, Abbott IgG, Siemens, and Roche total Ig tests, respectively. When we explored the agreement among the rapid tests and the serologic assays, we reported good agreement for Abbott, Siemens, and Roche (Cohen's Kappa coefficient 0.69, 0.67, and 0.67, respectively), whereas we found moderate agreement for Liaison (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.58). Our study showed that Abbott and Liaison SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG, Roche and Siemens SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgM/IgG/IgA assays, and LFIA Technogenetics IgG-IgM COVID-19 have good agreement in seroprevalence assessment. In addition, our findings indicate that the prevalence of IgG and total Ig antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at the time of the study was as low as around 3%, likely explaining the amplitude of the current second wave.

Cellular organization is possible through metabolic processes that ensure the construction of biomass and energy supply. Central metabolic pathways use sensors to monitor nutrient availability and environmental changes. Metabolic sensors orchestrate environment-driven metabolic adaptations according to the cellular condition. Although the role of metabolism in the immune response has been established for many decades, only in recent years have researchers turned their interest to investigate metabolic changes in immune cells, setting the field of immunometabolism. Early in vitro studies were instrumental in uncovering mechanisms that induce a metabolic reprogramming required for an effective immune response, mainly in macrophages and dendritic cells. Also, in vitro studies have shown a metabolic shift during T cell activation and proliferation. However, such approaches may not reflect the metabolic complexity within an integrated organism with changes in partial oxygen pressure, pH, inflammation and nutrient gradient. Besides that, metabolic changes can affect both microenvironments and promote systemic inter-organ communication. Therefore, the immunometabolic study at specific sites is crucial to understand the outcome of infections, tumors, non-infectious inflammation and tissue repair. In this chapter, we will address the metabolic reprogramming in tissue-specific immune cells during host infection. At first, we will introduce the functioning of the immune system in barrier tissues that are the gateway to pathogens.

A white food-grade waxy sorghum Tw variety, grown in two Mediterranean sites (named Tw1M and Tw1S) was evaluated for nutrient composition and fatty acid- and mineral concentrations in order to determine the suitability of producing waxy sorghum for human uses in southern Italy. The nutritional values of the grains of the Tw inbred line grown in the two trial fields were substantially the same, except for slight differences in ash level and accordingly slight variation in mineral composition. In samples from both locations, a higher percentage of K was observed among the nutritionally essential macro-elements, and higher percentages of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al among the nutritionally essential micro-element along with a strong difference in Cd content was among trace elements. Across both sites linoleic, oleic and palmitic were the most abundant fatty acids, while very slight variations in the content of minerals were found among the two samples examined. These results demonstrate the importance of developing agronomically productive waxy sorghum varieties suitable for growth in non-traditional sorghum producing regions both as a food and feed crop (i.e. with good nutritional quality) and for utilization in new products at the industrial level.

A considerable body of evidence links together mitochondrial dysfunctions, toxic action of metalloid oxyanions, and system and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study we have used the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the genetic determinants associated with tellurite resistance/sensitivity. Nitrosoguanidine-induced K2TeO3-resistant mutants were isolated, and one of these mutants, named Sc57-Te5R, was characterized. Both random spore analysis and tetrad analysis and growth of heterozygous (TeS/Te5R) diploid from Sc57-Te5R mutant revealed that nuclear and recessive mutation(s) was responsible for the resistance. To get insight into the mechanisms responsible for K2TeO3-resistance, RNA microarray analyses were performed with K2TeO3-treated and untreated Sc57-Te5R cells. A total of 372 differentially expressed loci were identified corresponding to 6.37% of the S. cerevisiae transcriptome. Of these, 288 transcripts were up-regulated upon K2TeO3 treatment. About half of up-regulated transcripts were associated with the following molecular functions: oxidoreductase activity, structural constituent of cell wall, transporter activity. Comparative whole-genome sequencing allowed us to identify nucleotide variants distinguishing Sc57-Te5R from parental strain Sc57. We detected 15 CDS-inactivating mutations, and found that 3 of them affected genes coding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPL44 and NAM9) and mitochondrial ribosomal biogenesis (GEP3) pointing out to alteration of mitochondrial ribosome as main determinant of tellurite resistance.

The olive oil is an unfavorable substrate for microbial survival and growth. Only few microorganisms use olive oil fatty acids as carbon and energy sources, and survive in the presence of olive oil anti-microbial components. In this study, we have evaluated the occurrence of microorganisms in 1-year-stored extra-virgin olive oil samples. We detected the presence of bacterial and yeast species with a recurrence of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and yeast Sporobolomyces roseus. We then assayed the ability of all isolates to grow in a mineral medium supplemented with a commercial extra-virgin olive oil as a sole carbon and energy source, and analyzed the utilization of olive oil fatty acids during their growth. We finally focused on two bacterial isolates belonging to the species Pantoea septica. Both these isolates produce carotenoids, and one of them synthesizes bioemulsifiers enabling the bacteria to better survive/growth in this unfavorable substrate. Analyses point to a mixture of glycolipids with glucose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate moieties whereas the lipid domain was constituted by C6–C10 β-hydroxy carboxylic acids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13568-018-0642-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Using 60 hens eggs and 60 fresh quail eggs, an experiment was conducted at the UFRRJ, which analyzed the correlation between egg shell quality measurements using the following methodologies: specific gravity, breaking resistance, shell percentage and shell thickness. For hen`s laying eggs, the specific gravity showed a greater correlation with the shell thickness compared to the other methodologies; the resistance to breaking, correlated better with the percentage of egg shell and the percentage of egg shell, with the thickness of this structure. In quail eggs, there was no correlation between the specific gravity and the other peel quality analyzes, only a correlation between the resistance to breaking with percentage and thickness of the peel occurred, being this correlation slightly higher for the first compared to the second . In chicken eggs the specific gravity method used in commercial farms was adequate to indicate a good peel quality, due to its greater correlation with the thickness method. For quail eggs, the specific gravity method needs to be adapted in its methodology for the morphology of eggs of this species.

Recently, genetic approaches have revealed a surprising bacterial world as well as a growing knowledge of the enormous distribution of animal-bacterial interactions. In the present study, the diversity of the microorganisms associated to the hydroid Aglaophenia octodonta was studied with epifluorescence, optical, and scanning electron microscopy. Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing with "universal" and taxon-specific primers allowed the assignment of the microalgae to Symbiodinium and the peritrich ciliates to Pseudovorticella, while the luminous vibrios were identified as Vibrio jasicida of the Harvey clade. To understand the possible relationships among Vibrio jasicida, Symbiodinium, A. octodonta, and Pseudovorticella, specific treatments were conducted in microcosm experiments, with the antibiotic ampicillin and other substances that interfere with bacterial and hydroid metabolism. Treatment of A. octodonta with ampicillin resulted in a decrease of bacterial luminescence followed by Pseudovorticella detachment and Symbiodinium expulsion and suggesting that these microorganisms form a "consortium" with beneficial metabolic interdependence. This hypothesis was reinforced by the evidence that low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, which stimulate the bacterial oxidative metabolism and luminescence by releasing oxygen, were able to counteract the detrimental effect of ampicillin on the stability of the studied A. octodonta association. A model is proposed in which microalgae that release oxygen during photosynthesis are useful to luminous bacteria for their metabolism and for establishing/maintaining symbiosis leading to a close alliance and mutual benefit of the system A. octodonta-Vibrio jasicida-Pseudovorticella sp.-Symbiodinium sp.

The objective of this work was to carry out the agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, in order to identify the regions with the best climatic conditions for producing seeds with high quality of early soybean cultivars. For this purpose, the average monthly temperature data from 11 conventional and 34 automated meteorological stations were used. Due to the low number of stations with data temperature available, this variable was estimated using spatial regression equations, having latitude, longitude and altitude as input variables. Regions with high or low climatic risk were defined according to the average temperatures observed in January and February. The following three categories were established: favorable (≤ 24 °C); moderately favorable (24.1 to 25 °C) and slightly favorable (≥ 25.1 °C). For the material confection, map usage, and geographical data compilation, the inverse distance squared weighted interpolation method was applied. The ArcGIS system was employed to compose the thematic map, in which the best areas for producing seeds of early soybean cultivar were marked. Most of the Southeastern, and Western regions of Mato Grosso were considered to be favorable for producing high quality seeds of early soybean cultivars (average temperature ≤ 24 °C). Resumo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento agroclimático, visando identificar as regiões do estado de Mato Grosso com as melhores condições climáticas para a produção de sementes de soja com alta qualidade de cultivares precoces. Para a elaboração desse zoneamento, foram utilizados, inicialmente, dados mensais de temperatura média de 11 estações meteorológicas convencionais e 34 estações meteorológicas automáticas. Devido à baixa densidade de estações com dados de temperatura, esta variável foi estimada por meio de equações de regressão espacial, que tinham como variáveis preditoras a latitude, longitude e altitude. A definição das regiões de maior ou menor risco climático foi associada à ocorrência de temperaturas médias dos meses de janeiro e fevereiro. Foram definidas três classes: favorável (≤ 24 °C); medianamente favorável (24,1 a 25 °C) e pouco favorável (≥ 25,1 °C). Para elaboração, utilização dos mapas e compilação dos dados geográficos, procedeu-se a interpolação para espacialização, utilizando-se o método do inverso do quadrado da distância. Utilizou-se o sistema ArcGIS, por meio do qual foi confeccionado o mapa temático com as representações das melhores regiões para a produção de sementes de soja de cultivares precoces. A maior parte das regiões Sudeste e Oeste de Mato Grosso é classificada como favorável (temperatura média ≤ 24 °C) para a produção de sementes de soja com alta qualidade de cultivares precoces.

Objectives This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of azole resistance in Aspergillus isolates from patients with haematological malignancies or who were undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to identify the molecular mechanism of resistance. Methods In this 28-month prospective study involving 18 Italian centres, Aspergillus isolates from surveillance cultures were collected and screened for azole resistance, and mutations in the cyp51A gene were identified. Resistant isolates were genotyped by microsatellite analysis, and the allelic profiles were compared with those of resistant environmental and clinical isolates from the same geographical area that had been previously genotyped. Results There were 292 Aspergillus isolates collected from 228 patients. The isolates belonged mainly to the section Fumigati (45.9%), Nigri (20.9%), Flavi (16.8%) and Terrei (4.8%). Three isolates showed itraconazole resistance: Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto, Aspergillus lentulus (section Fumigati) and Aspergillus awamori (section Nigri). The itraconazole resistance rates were 1% and 1.48% considering all Aspergillus spp. isolates and the Aspergillus section Fumigati, respectively. The prevalence of azole resistance among all the patients was 1.3%. Among patients harbouring A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates, the resistance rate was 0.79%. The A. fumigatus isolate, with the TR34/L98H mutation, was genotypically distant from the environmental and clinical strains previously genotyped. Conclusions In this study, the Aspergillus azole resistance rate was 1% (3/292). In addition to A. fumigatus sensu stricto, A. lentulus and A. awamori azole-resistant isolates were identified. Therefore, it is important have a correct identification at the species level to address a rapid therapy better, quickly understand the shift towards cryptic species and have an updated knowledge of the local epidemiology.

In the way to reduce costs in the poultry production, high densities of birds are adopted in the production systems. Such high densities can lead to an inappropriate environment, compromising the welfare and decreasing the animal performance. In this work we aimed to evaluate the effects of different densities on the productive yield, egg quality and immunological aspects of Japanese quails. It was used 816 Japanese quails, during egg production phase, in a random design, with four treatments (121.43 cm2/bird; 106.25 cm2/bird; 94.44 cm2/bird and 85.00 cm2/bird) with six repetitions each. Results indicate density did not interfere on egg quality and all treatments can be considered excellent, once the Haugh Unit was 88.03. Therefore, higher densities decline the yield, decreasing the eggs weight (10.35 g), the laying percentage (88%), egg mass (9.16 g) and the week average feed consumption (157.35 g). IgY values were higher at smaller cage density, suggesting birds in this condition presented better immunological condition, related to welfare and stress factors, all linked to immunoglobulins IgY.

Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorodibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (DL-PCBs) enter the food chain from the environment. In this study, we report the 2008-2018 time-trends in the PCDD/F and DL-PCB contamination of milk from buffaloes fed on local forage in rural areas of the Campania region. Validated according to QA/QC criteria, the dataset (N = 808 on a total of 2068 samples, after excluding follow-up results and outliers) was computed on the upper-bound value pg WHO-TEQ2005 g-1fat. We assessed time-trends and assayed baseline contamination levels, which displayed log-normal distribution. A significant decreasing trend (p < 0.01) was observed from 2008 to 2009 and 2010; the P50-P95 range fell from 2.37-8.48 pg WHO-TEQ2005 g-1fat (N = 393) in 2008 to 1.73-4.61 in 2009 (N = 86) and to 0.67-1.46 in 2010 (N = 42). From 2010 to 2018 (N = 329), no significant variation was found among years and the related dataset fitted a log-normal distribution (p < 0.05). Occurrence descriptors indicated that the baseline contamination of dairy products (mean = 0.54; P50-P95 = 0.47-1.24) in the Campania Region was well below the EU regulatory limit in force (5.5 pg WHO-TEQ2005 g-1fat). Given the Tolerable Weekly Intake of 2 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight (bw) proposed by the EFSA for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs, this level of baseline contamination is discussed with regard to the orientation of food safety and food security risk connected with buffalo mozzarella cheese production.

Sorghum is source of antioxidant compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids and condensed tannins. In this study, we measured the antioxidant capacity of seven white food-grade sorghum hybrids grown in Southern Italy using the Ty1antiROS cell-based test and the chemical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Samples were also analyzed for phenolic contents. Ty1antiROS test showed that all hybrids possessed antioxidant activity and were effective in scavenging the ABTSo+ target species but they exerted a weak DPPHo antiradical effect. Furthermore, all samples had similar values for total phenolic content. Statistical analyses showed a positive correlation between the ABTS and DPPH data (R = 0.61) and a weakly positive correlation between the ABTS and Ty1antiROS data (R= 0.38). The utilization of both biological and chemical tests for the antioxidant capacity evaluation make us able to select varieties of sorghum with high antioxidant potential useful to promote human health.

Lindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. It is of particular concern because of its toxicity, persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this context, we assessed the role of bacteria associated with the sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis in lindane degradation. Seven bacteria isolates were characterized and identified. These isolates showed a remarkable capacity to utilize lindane as a sole carbon source leading to a percentage of residual lindane ranging from 3% to 13% after 12 days of incubation with the pesticide. The lindane metabolite, 1,3–6-pentachloro-cyclohexene, was identified as result of lindane degradation and determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The bacteria capable of lindane degradation were identified on the basis of the phenotypic characterization by morphological, biochemical and cultural tests, completed with 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and assigned to Mameliella phaeodactyli, Pseudovibrio ascidiaceicola, Oceanicaulis stylophorae, Ruegeria atlantica and to three new uncharacterized species. The results obtained are a prelude to the development of future strategies for the in situ bioremediation of lindane.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the complex seaweed-bacteria associations in nature may provide information on the fitness of an invasive host. This may require the use of different approaches. In this study, we employed, for the first time, the Biolog system-Ecoplates™ to analyze the functional diversity of the culturable fraction of the bacterial assemblages associated with the surface of Caulerpa cylindracea , the invasive seaweed of the Mediterranean Sea. Seaweed samples were collected at five sites across the basin. A high similarity in the bacterial activity, expressed as Average Well Color Development (AWCD), among the study sites was observed. Culturable heterotrophic bacteria at 22 °C showed mean values ranging from 1.4 × 10 5 CFU g −1 at Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea, Italy) to 5.8 × 10 6 CFU g −1 at Othonoi, Diapontine Island (Ionian Sea, Greece). The analysis of the DNA sequences on isolated bacteria demonstrated that the genera Shewanella , Marinobacter , Vibrio , Granulosicoccus and the family Rhodobacteraceae are consistently present on C. cylindracea , irrespective of its geographical origin. The present study provided new insights into the complex association between bacteria and this algal species, suggesting a specific composition and function of the associated culturable bacteria across the basin.

Bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) has been used as a low-cost protein source in corn- and soybean meal-based poultry diets. However, to date, no studies investigating the effect of the dietary inclusion of MBM on the performance of Japanese quails and on egg production costs were found in literature. In this study, 600 Japanese quails in lay were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (replacement levels of soybean meal by MBM:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) with five replicates of 20 birds each to investigate if MBM is a viable alternative to maintain or to improve the live and economic performances of these birds. Treatments consisted of a control diet, based on corn and soybean meal, with no inclusion of MBM, and diets formulated with increasing levels (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) of MBM inclusion at the expense of soybean meal. The studied parameters were evaluated in four periods of 28 days each. Live performance parameters (egg weight, g; average egg production, %; egg weight, g; feed intake, g; feed conversion ratio per egg mass, kg/kg and per dozen eggs, dz/kg; and livability, %); egg quality parameters (proportion of egg components, yolk, albumen, eggshell %; egg specific weight, g/cm3); and economic parameter (bio-economic nutritional index) were determined. Only egg weight, egg specific weight, and eggshell percentage were affected (p

Organic acids are used as feed additives to promote growth of weaned piglets since they prevent the occurrence of diarrhea. Thus, performance and digestibility assays were conducted and economic viability of diets was evaluated. In the performance assays, 64 hybrid piglets weaned with a mean weight of 5.87±0.31kg were divided in a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments, 8 repetitions and 2 piglets per experimental unit (1 castrated male and 1 female). In the digestibility assay, 24 castrated male hybrid piglets with a mean weight of 8.21±0.79kg were individually assigned to 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments in the two assays were as follows: control, basal diet without addition of an acidifier; blend: inclusion of 0.5% of a mixture of organic acids; butyrate: inclusion of 0.1% of sodium butyrate; blend+butyrate: inclusion of 0.5% of a mixture of organic acids and 0.1% sodium butyrate. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the acidifiers on animal performance during the period studied. Organic acids exerted no effect (P>0.05) on the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Diets supplemented with sodium butyrate had an economic advantage for the period of 10-24 days. No episode of diarrhea was observed. This study demonstrated no effect of acidifier feed additives as growth promoters in complex diets for weaned piglets. RESUMO Ácidos orgânicos são utilizados como aditivos promotores de desempenho em leitões, pois podem prevenir a ocorrência de diarreias. Para tanto, foram conduzidos ensaios de desempenho, digestibilidade, e foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica das dietas. No desempenho, foram utilizados 64 leitões híbridos desmamados, com peso médio de 5,87±0,31kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, oito repetições e dois leitões por unidade experimental (sendo um macho castrado e uma fêmea). Na digestibilidade, 24 leitões machos, castrados, híbridos, com peso médio de 8,21±0.79kg, foram alojados individualmente em quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Em ambos os ensaios, os tratamentos foram: controle: dieta basal sem uso de acidificante; Blend: inclusão de 0,5% da mistura de ácidos orgânicos; butirato: inclusão de 0,1% de butirato de sódio; Blend+Butirato: inclusão de 0,5% da mistura de ácidos orgânicos e 0,1% butirato de sódio. Não houve efeito dos acidificantes (P>0,05) sobre o desempenho no período estudado. Não houve efeito dos ácidos orgânicos (P>0,05) sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Dietas com suplementação de butirato de sódio apresentaram melhor vantagem econômica para o período de 10-24 dias. Não houve incidência de diarreia em nenhum período. Não ficou evidenciado o efeito dos aditivos acidificantes como promotores de crescimento em dietas complexas para leitões desmamados.

Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles which contain the own genetic material and evolved from free-living Eubacteria, namely hydrogen-producing Alphaproteobacteria. Since 1965, biologists provided, by research at molecular level, evidence for the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria. However, determining the precise origins of mitochondria is challenging due to inherent difficulties in phylogenetically reconstructing ancient evolutionary events. The use of new tools to evidence the prokaryotic origin of mitochondria could be useful to gain an insight into the bacterial endosymbiotic event that resulted in the permanent acquisition of bacteria, from the ancestral cell, that through time were transformed into mitochondria. Electron microscopy has shown that both proteobacterial and yeast cells during their growth in the presence of increasing amount of tellurite resulted in dose-dependent blackening of the culture due to elemental tellurium (Te 0 ) that formed large deposits either along the proteobacterial membrane or along the yeast cell wall and mitochondria. Since the mitochondrial inner membrane composition is similar to that of proteobacterial membrane, in the present work we evidenced the black tellurium deposits on both, cell wall and mitochondria of ρ + and respiratory deficient ρ − mutants of yeast. A possible role of tellurite in studying the evolutionary origins of mitochondria will be discussed.

Vibrios are among the most abundant culturable microbes in aquatic environments. They can be either free-living in the water column or associated with several marine organisms as mutualists, saprophytes, or parasites. In the present study we analysed vibrios abundance and diversity in the mucus of the polychaete Myxicola infundibulum, complementing culture-based with molecular methods. Vibrios reached 4.6 x 10(3) CFU mL(-1) thus representing a conspicuous component of the heterotrophic culturable bacteria. In addition, luminous vibrios accounted for about 60 % of the total culturable vibrios in the mucus. The isolates were assigned to: Vibrio gigantis, Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio jasicida, Vibrio crassostreae, Vibrio kanaloae, and Vibrio xuii. Two Vibrio isolates (MI-13 and MI-15) may belong to a new species. We also tested the ability of the Vibrio isolates to grow on M. infundibulum mucus as the sole carbon source. All strains showed appreciable growth in the presence of mucus, leading us to conclude that this matrix, which is abundant and covers the animal entirely, may represent a microcosm and a food source for some bacteria, playing a crucial role in the structuring of a mucus-associated beneficial microbial community. Moreover, the trophic relationship between vibrios and M. infundibulum mucus could be enhanced by the protection that mucus offers to vibrios. The results of this study represent a contribution to the growing evidence for complex and dynamic invertebrate-microbe associations present in nature and highlight the importance of exploring relationships that Vibrio species establish with marine invertebrates.

Background A chemical cross-talk between plants and insects is required in order to achieve a successful co-adaptation. In response to herbivory, plants produce specific compounds, and feeding insects respond adequately7 to molecules produced by plants. Here we show the role of the gut microbial community of the mint beetle Chrysolina herbacea in the chemical cross-talk with Mentha aquatica (or watermint). Results By using two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry we first evaluated the chemical patterns of both M. aquatica leaf and frass volatiles extracted by C. herbacea males and females feeding on plants, and observed marked differences between males and females volatiles. The sex-specific chemical pattern of the frass paralleled with sex-specific distribution of cultivable gut bacteria. Indeed, all isolated gut bacteria from females belonged to either α- or γ-Proteobacteria, whilst those from males were γ-Proteobacteria or Firmicutes. We then demonstrated that five Serratia marcescens strains from females possessed antibacterial activity against bacteria from males belonging to Firmicutes suggesting competition by production of antimicrobial compounds. By in vitro experiments, we lastly showed that the microbial communities from the two sexes were associated to specific metabolic patterns with respect to their ability to biotransform M. aquatica terpenoids, and metabolize them into an array of compounds with possible pheromone activity. Conclusions Our data suggest that cultivable gut bacteria of Chrysolina herbacea males and females influence the volatile blend of herbivory induced Mentha aquatica volatiles in a sex-specific way. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-0986-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Sorghum has been grown as a food crop for many centuries in Africa and Asia and it is a cereal option for celiac patients. Due to its properties as a wheat-free food, interest is increasing in cultivating sorghum in Mediterranean countries. To evaluate the agronomic characteristics of growth in the Mediterranean area, six hybrids of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), representing different maturity classes, were selected and tested in experimental trials for 2 years in San Bartolomeo in Galdo (BN) hill, South Italy. The results showed moderate variation in adaptation of these hybrids as measured by differences in grain yields (4.60 to 7.30 t ha-1) and other pheno-morphological traits. In particular, the hybrid SW6129W from Bolivia and the hybrid SASG05W from Argentina had grain yields higher than others tested in these trials. Our results demonstrated that selected food-grade hybrids from South America, have agronomic characteristics well-suited for cultivation in Mediterranean countries.

Although several studies have investigated bacterial–algal interactions, the bacterial component has often not been identified, and the ecological role of bacterial–algal associations is still unclear. In the present study two different approaches (molecular and culture) have been used to characterize the bacterial community associated with the invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea (Sonder) over time, in a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin. C. cylindracea is an invasive macroalga in the Mediterranean Sea, able to colonize several types of substrates. Traditional culture-based and PCR-SSCP methods have been used to analyze the bacterial community. Molecular traces of Gammaproteobacteria belonging to the genera Shewanella and Vibrio have been found by both approaches on the surface of C. cylindracea consistently in time, along with those of an unknown species belonging to the Rhodobacteraceae family. Other taxa belonging to Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Tropicibacter, Photobacterium, Exiguobacterium, Kocuria, Ruegeria, and Marinobacter genera have been discovered by culture-based approach. PCR-SSCP method has shown traces of an unknown species of the Bacteroidetes phylum and the Granulosicoccus genus. Our results suggest that C. cylindracea hosts a bacterial assemblage scarcely variable with time. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature of this alga–bacteria association and the potential role in the spreading of this alga using a holistic view considering the seaweed with associated bacteria as an essentially unique meta-organism.

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a neurotoxicant producing neuronal degeneration and reactive astrogliosis in the mammalian central nervous system, especially the hippocampus. A previous magnetic resonance imaging investigation in TMT-treated rats evidenced dilation of lateral ventricles, also suggesting alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a glial water channel protein expressed mainly in the nervous system, is considered a specific marker of vascular permeability and thought to play an important role in brain edema (conditions). We studied AQP4 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of TMT-treated rats in order to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in brain edema occurring in these experimental conditions. Real-time PCR and western blotting data showed significant up-regulation of both AQP4 mRNA and protein levels starting 14 days after TMT treatment in the hippocampus and cortex. Parallel immunofluorescence studies indicated intense astrogliosis and AQP4 immunoreactivity diffusely pronounced in the hippocampal and cortex areas starting 14 days after TMT intoxication. In order to study the effects of TMT on vascular integrity, double-label immunofluorescence experiments for rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) and rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1) or neuronal nuclei (NeuN) (endothelial and neuronal markers respectively) were performed. The results indicated, at 21 and 35 days after treatment, the presence of rat IgG in paravasal parenchyma and in some neuronal cells of the hippocampus and cortex. The extravasated IgG staining was temporally correlated with over-expression of neuronal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the active phosphorylated form of its neuronal receptor (VEGFR-2P), suggesting that these factors may cooperate in mediating vascular leakage.

Methanolic extracts were prepared from different organs of plants from five Passiflora species obtained by zygotic embryo culture and evaluated for their capacity to quench DPPH and ABTS•+ radicals in comparison to that of Trolox, a water soluble vitamin-E analogue. Moreover their antimicrobial activity against E. coli was tested by agar diffusion and turbidity assays. P. nitida, P. foetida, and P. palmeri showed antimicrobial activity. P. nitida and P. palmeri also showed high antioxidant activity. P. tenuifila and P. coriacea demonstrated antioxidant power but not antimicrobial activity. The phenolic content of the different extracts was studied and quantified by spectrophotometric methods, HPLC, and mass spectrometry. High antioxidant activity correlated with high amounts of o-diphenol and catechin. An unknown component, tentatively identified as structural isomer of isoschaftoside, appeared to correlate with antimicrobial activity.

Bloodstream infection due to Rhodotorula glutinis is extremely rare and mostly associated with underlying immunosuppression or cancer. Vascular access devices provide the necessary surfaces for biofilm formation and are currently responsible for a significant percentage of human infections. In this work, we describe a rare case of central venous catheter-related Rhodotorula glutinis fungemia in a female patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission. The timely removal of central venous catheter was an essential element for overcoming this CVC-related Rhodotorula fungemia.

Human activities determine dramatic changes in natural systems, especially in marine coastal areas. This is especially true when economic development is fast and scarcely regulated, representing a serious threat to biodiversity. Besides the obvious prediction of impairment of natural systems, forecasting the effects of human activities can be particularly challenging since they affect species and assemblages, the patterns of distribution and extent of which are often totally unknown. In Vlora Bay, we show through an interdisciplinary project that 15 y of coastal development can result in a loss of over 50% of seagrass cover and a decline in macroalgae cover such as Cystoseira spp., which are structurally and functionally crucial habitats that provide essential goods and services for local human communities and recreation. Furthermore, illegal fishery practices (date mussel fishery, trawling, and use of explosives) contribute to depict a scenario of fragmentation and loss of shallow species-rich assemblages. Large-scale changes in sedimentation patterns have been recognised as one of the main drivers of those changes. This model of development, associated with nearly irreversible environmental consequences, as observed in Albania, can serve as an example for many other Mediterranean areas, showing a combination of high biodiversity and low protection regime. We discuss the urgent need for ecosystem-based management to ensure sustainable development while conserving and managing natural biodiversity and resources.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:25:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf.txt: 26277 bytes, checksum: b660c3f8361a13a158e818150883f69d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf.txt: 26277 bytes, checksum: b660c3f8361a13a158e818150883f69d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf.txt: 26277 bytes, checksum: b660c3f8361a13a158e818150883f69d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The objective of this study was to trace the inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in the diet of Japanese quails by analyzing eggs and egg fractions (yolk and albumen) by the technique of carbon-13 (13C) and nitrogen-15 (15N) stable isotopes. In the trial, 120 Japanese quails were distributed in six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The following treatments were applied: feed based on corn and soybean meal, containing graded BMBM inclusions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5%). After 42 days, 20 eggs per treatment were randomly collected for three consecutive days. Ten eggs were used for yolk and albumen sample collection, and ten for total egg sample collection. It was possible to detect the dietary inclusion of 1% BMBM in the egg and its fractions. Therefore, the technique of isotopes 13C and 15N is able of tracing since 1% inclusion level of BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails in eggs and their fractions. UNESP UNESP IBB Department of Physics and Biophysics Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios DVM - Granjas Kakimoto UNESP UNESP IBB Department of Physics and Biophysics FAPESP: 07/06707-8

Quail egg production has experienced a steep rise in the last decade. Nutrition is the main factor affecting productive potential in the poultry industry, as appropriate nutritional management is necessary to ensure the maintenance of optimal physical conditions, growth and the production of high quality products. Meat and bone meal (MBM) has often been used in the poultry industry as an alternative and cost-effective source of protein in partial replacement of corn and soybean meal. However, there have been no studies to date that have investigated the effect of dietary MBM on the performance of quail or on the costs of production in the starter phase. This is particularly important considering that this phase is characterized by large investments by producers, without immediate economic return. In this study, we investigated whether partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in the diet of Japanese quail during the starter phase is a viable alternative that would maintain or improve their productive and economic performance. Our results show that the inclusion of MBM in the diet of quail reduces feeding costs by up to 6% without impairing productive performance. A produção de ovos de codorna tem experimentado um aumento acentuado na última década. A nutrição é o principal fator que afeta o potencial produtivo na indústria de aves, assim como o manejo nutricional adequado é necessário para garantir a manutenção das condições físicas ideais, crescimento e produção de produtos de alta qualidade. A farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) tem sido frequentemente utilizada na indústria avícola como uma fonte alternativa e de baixo custo de proteína em substituição parcial do farelo de milho e soja. No entanto, até esta data, não houve estudos que tinham investigado o efeito da dieta FCO sobre o desempenho de codornas ou sobre os custos de produção na fase inicial de criação. Isto é particularmente importante tendo em vista que esta fase é caracterizada por grandes investimentos por parte dos produtores, sem retorno econômico imediato. Neste estudo, nós investigamos se a substituição parcial do farelo de soja (FS) por farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) na dieta de codornas japonesas durante a fase inicial de criação é uma alternativa viável que venha a manter ou melhorar o seu desempenho produtivo e econômico. Nossos resultados mostram que a inclusão da FCO na dieta de codornas reduz os custos de alimentação por até 6% sem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo.

This study was developed to evaluate the effect of adding natural pigments on the storage of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle submitted to diets based on corn and low-tannin sorghum. A total of 160 eggs from Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 90 - weeks old after forced molting were used. The study evaluated the isolated effect and the interaction of two factors: the inclusion of natural pigments (control diet - 50% low-tannin sorghum replacing the corn; RC - 2% powdered dry turmeric rhizome; PU - 2% dry annatto powder; RCPU - 1% turmeric rhizome + 1% dry annatto powder) combined with the storage period (0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days). The studied variables were: specific gravity, percentages of yolk, albumen and shell in relation to the egg weight, and yolk color. Yolk color was more intense with increasing percentage of annatto. The inclusion of 2% annatto powder promotes and maintains an adequate pigmentation of egg yolk when stored for up to 21 days. Regardless of natural pigment supplementation, the egg quality decreases as storage time increases.

The difficulty on identifying, lack of segregation systems and absence of suitable standards for coexistence of non trangenic and transgenic soybean are contributing for contaminations that occur during productive system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two methods for detecting mixtures of seeds genetically modified (GM) into samples of non-GM soybean, in a way that seed lots can be assessed within the standards established by seed legislation. Two sizes of soybean samples (200 and 400 seeds), cv. BRSMG 810C (non-GM) and BRSMG 850GRR (GM), were assessed with four contamination levels (addition of GM seeds, for obtaining 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% contamination), and two detection methods: immunoassay of lateral flux (ILF) and bioassay (pre-imbibition into 0.6% herbicide solution; 25 ºC; 16 h). The bioassay is efficient in detecting presence of GM seeds in seed samples of non-GM soybean, even for contamination lower than 1.0%, provided that seeds have high physiological quality. The ILF was positive, detecting the presence of target protein in contaminated samples, indicating test effectiveness. There was significant correlation between the two detection methods (r = 0.82; p < 0.0001). Sample size did not influence efficiency of the two methods in detecting presence of GM seeds.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of annato (Bixa orellana L.) and turmeric (Turmeric longa L.) in layer feeds on live performance, egg quality, and yolk pigmentation and depigmentation time. A number of 144 layers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments with six replicates of six birds each. In the basal diet, sorghum replaced 50% of corn, and was supplemented or not with natural pigments to composse the following treatments: Control (0% pigments), AS (2.0% annato), TR (2% turmeric) and ASTR (1% annato and 1% turmeric). Egg weight (g), egg production (%), egg mass (%), feed intake (g), feed conversion ratio (kg/dz and kg/kg) and mortality were evaluated. The following egg quality parameters were evaluated: specific gravity (SG); yolk, albumen, and eggshell percentages, and yolk color. The treatments did not influence layer performance or egg quality parameters, except for egg production and yolk color. The dietary inclusion of 1% turmeric root and 1% annato seed promoted higher egg production. Diets containing annato resulted in more saturated, more intense, and redder yolk color, with increasing pigment deposition after day 10, with maximum values obtained on day 28. Dried turmeric root did not promote good yolk pigmentation, resulting in higher presence of white in the yolk, which was stabilized on day 4. Three days after pigments were withdrawn from the feeds, yolk color faded in the treatments with annato inclusion.

O tamanho da semente é uma característica cujos efeitos vêm sendo estudados por diversos autores, considerando os mais diferentes componentes do desempenho tanto da semente como da planta dela resultante. Para avaliar os efeitos do tamanho de semente sobre o crescimento inicial das plantas, a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica foram testadas três cultivares de soja, BRSMG 752S, BRSMG 790A e BRSMG 750SRR originadas de três tamanhos de semente (peneiras 4,0 mm, 5,0 mm e 6,0 mm). A semeadura foi efetuada em 06/12/2007 em plantio direto e o desbaste aos 21 dias após a semeadura, deixando-se treze plantas por metro. A colheita manual foi realizada em 11/04/08. Após a colheita, as sementes foram classificadas em três tamanhos, usando-se peneiras manuais de 6,0 mm, 6,5 mm e 7,0 mm. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso para o experimento de campo e inteiramente casualizado para as análises de laboratório, ambos em esquema fatorial 3 (cultivar) x 3 (peneira), com quatro repetições. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para as avaliações de campo, foram determinadas altura de plantas e produtividade. No laboratório, os tratamentos foram avaliados pelos testes de germinação e de vigor (envelhecimento acelerado, classificação do vigor da plântula, comprimento e massa seca de raiz). Foi verificado que sementes menores (peneira 4,0 mm) produzem plantas com menor altura na colheita e menor produtividade, em relação às sementes maiores (peneira 6,0 mm). As sementes classificadas em diferentes tamanhos apresentam diferenças em qualidade fisiológica. Sementes maiores (peneira 7,0 mm) apresentam maiores porcentagens de germinação e de vigor. Seed size has received special attention by researchers, who have studied aspects related to seed performance and the resulting plant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of seed size on initial plant growth, grain yield and the physiological seed quality of soybeans by testing seeds of three cultivars (BRSMG 752S, BRSMG 790A and BRSMG 750SRR), graded into three sizes (4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm). No-till planting was done on December 6th, 2007 and the plants thinned 21 days after emergence to 13 plants per meter. Harvesting and seed threshing were done manually on April 11th, 2008. After harvesting, seeds were manually graded into three sizes by using round perforation screens of 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm and 7.0 mm. The field trials were set up in a completely randomized block design and the laboratory analyses followed a completely randomized design, both having a factorial of 3 cultivars x 3 seed sizes and four replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The analyzed field parameters were plant height and grain yield (kg.ha-1 at 13% moisture) and the laboratory parameters measured were seed germination and vigor, measured by accelerated ageing, classification of seed vigor, seedling length and tests for seedling dry mass. Small seeds (4.0 mm) resulted in shorter plants at harvest with a lower grain yield potential when compared to large seeds (6.0 mm). Physiological seed quality varied among the different sizes of the harvested seeds: best performance was observed with large seeds (7.0 mm) for the three cultivars. The effect of seed size on vigor was significant since large seeds (7.0 mm) had the highest vigor.

A 112-day trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium level and limestone particle size on the egg quality of 288 Hy-Line Brown semi-heavy layers, with 83 weeks of age at the beginning of the experiment. A completely randomized experimental design was applied in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two dietary calcium levels (3.5 and 4.0%) e three limestone particle size compositions (100% fine limestone (FL), with 0.185mm; 30% coarse limestone (CL), with 2.83mm, + 70% FL, with 0.185mm; and 50% CL, with 2.83mm, + 50% FL, with 0.185mm), with six replicates of eight birds each. Mean geometric diameter and in-vitro solubility of the limestone sources were, respectively, 0.185mm and 18.7% for the fine limestone, and 2.83mm and 10.5% for the coarse limestone. At the end of each 28-day period, 72 eggs per treatment were used to determine egg specific gravity, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, yolk index, Haugh units, eggshell thickness, and eggshell breaking strength. There was no influence of the treatments on the evaluated parameters. It was concluded that feeding the level of 3.5% calcium usually recommended for layers in their first laying cycle, and the substitution of up to 50% fine limestone by coarse limestone in the feed of semi-heavy commercial Hy-Line Brown layers in their second laying cycle can be applied with no impairment of egg quality.

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterised by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and multiple endocrine failures. While the spectrum and modalities of autoimmunity are the main objects of current research into APECED, unequivocal data on the efficiency of immune responses to infectious agents are still elusive. The in vitro ability of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes to phagocytise and kill bacteria and fungi, and the degree of activation of lymphocytes cultured with mitogens and Candida albicans were investigated by flow cytometry in 11 APECED patients and healthy subjects. In addition, a comparison of gamma-globulin and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations was performed, and a correlation was sought between oral fungal load and the anti-Candida antibody titre. No difference between APECED patients and healthy subjects was observed in the phagocyte function, although the patients had a larger number of monocytes. Similarly, cultured lymphocytes were equally activated in the two groups. The concentration of gamma-globulins was higher among APECED patients, and anti-Candida IgM and IgG correlated with current and past oral candidiasis respectively. APECED patients have efficient innate and adaptive immune responses against exogenous stimuli, and currently, the mechanisms of mucocutaneous anergy leading to the high prevalence of CMC in this syndrome remain to be elucidated.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf: 208821 bytes, checksum: b4607451953d8c853cb17165e405ef2c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf: 208821 bytes, checksum: b4607451953d8c853cb17165e405ef2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf: 208821 bytes, checksum: b4607451953d8c853cb17165e405ef2c (MD5) S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf.txt: 20131 bytes, checksum: 406b3cf9264ff397b95f467d88ab2f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:41:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf: 208821 bytes, checksum: b4607451953d8c853cb17165e405ef2c (MD5) S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf.txt: 20131 bytes, checksum: 406b3cf9264ff397b95f467d88ab2f36 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:41:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf: 208821 bytes, checksum: b4607451953d8c853cb17165e405ef2c (MD5) S1516-635X2008000100002.pdf.txt: 20131 bytes, checksum: 406b3cf9264ff397b95f467d88ab2f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 The experiment was carried out in the experimental poultry house of the Research and Development Unit of Brotas of Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios do Centro-Oeste, SP, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate forced-molting methods and their effects on body weight, egg production, feed intake, and mortality, as well as bird performance during the second laying cycle. A total number of 400 65-week-old Japanese quails was distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments, with four replicates of 20 birds each. The following treatments were applied: T1= not submitted to forced molting, T2= 01 day of fasting + 13 days receiving 15g feed/bird/day (1F+R), T3= 02 days of fasting + 12 days receiving 15g feed/bird/day (2F+R), T4= 03 days of fasting + 11 days receiving 15g feed/bird/day (3F+R), and T5= 3 days of fasting and fed ad libitum thereafter (3F+AL). Significant differences were detected among treatments. When submitted to 3 days of fasting followed by ad libitum feeding, birds presented complete body weight recovery. No egg production percentage differences were detected in birds submitted to forced molting. UNESP FMVZ UNESP FMVZ Dept. of Animal Production UPD Brotas APTA SAA UNESP FMVZ UNESP FMVZ Dept. of Animal Production

INTRODUCTIONThis experiment was carried out at the at the poultry sector of theSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science – UNESP, Botucatucampus, and aimed at evaluating the effect of the inclusion of flavonoidsalong with mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) as compared to otheradditives on the performance, carcass and parts yields, and meat qualityof broilers reared from 1 to 42 days of age. A total number of 1500Cobb broilers were distributed according to a completely randomizedexperimental design into five treatments, with six replicates of 50 birdseach. Treatments consisted of a control group, probiotic 1, probiotic 2,antibiotic, and flavonoids+MOS. For the period of 1 to 42 days of age,there were no differences among treatments as to daily weight gain,feed intake, mortality, and final body weight, but a significant differencewas found for feed conversion ratio for the flavonoids+MOS treatment.Carcass and parts yields were not significantly influenced by thetreatments. Tbars number, which indicates meat fat oxidation index,was significantly different in both refrigerated and frozen meat. Thelowest oxidation index was obtained with the flavonoids+MOStreatments. Under the conditions of the present study, thesupplementation of broiler diets with flavonoids+MOS was effective.INTRODUCTIONBrazil is presently the world largest exporter of poultry meat. Brazilianpoultry meat production chain generates more the US$10 billionannually, and more than one million direct and indirect job positions(Sbrissia, 2005).One of the consequences of the increase in poultry production wasthe use of additives in animal nutrition to maximize performance indexes.Poultry production is presently highly dependent on the use of growthpromoter to maintain high productivity levels. However, there is anincreasing search for alternatives to practices that may pose risks tothe consumers’ health (Miltenburg, 2000).The global concern with food safety is based on the possibility of theselection of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, which would be caused bythe indiscriminate use of antibiotics used as growth promoters (PalermoNeto, 2002).In the European Union, the ban of the use of antibiotic growthpromoters was effective since January 1

The occurrence of green soybean seed due to forced maturation or premature plant death caused by drought or foliar and/or root diseases has been common in several Brazilian production areas. Physiological quality of seed lots with green seed may have their germination and vigor potentials affected and therefore discarded by the grain industry. The objective of this experiment was to determine the maximum tolerated level of green seed in soybean seed lots, which is information of major importance for seed producers when taking the decision whether to sell these lots. Soybean seed of the cultivars CD 206, produced in Ubirata, Parana, and ‘FMT Tucunare,’ produced in Alto Garças, Mato Grosso, were used in the study. Green seed and yellow seed of both cultivars were mixed in the following proportions: 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Seed quality was evaluated by the germination, accelerated aging, tetrazolium and electrical conductivity tests. The contents of a, b and total chlorophyll in the seed were also determined. A complete randomized block design in a factorial scheme (two cultivars x 12 levels of green seed) was used. Seed quality was negatively affected and chlorophyll contents incremented with the increase in the percentage of green seed. Seed germination, viability and vigor, measured by the accelerated aging test, were not reduced with levels of up to 3% green seed, for both cultivars. Levels above 6% green seed significantly reduced the quality of the seed. The quality of seed lots with 9% or more green seed was significantly reduced to the point that their commercialization is not recommended. Ocorrência de sementes de soja esverdeadas, devido à maturação forçada de plantas ou sua morte prematura, causada por seca ou por doenças de raiz ou foliares, tem sido freqüente em diversas regiões brasileiras. A qualidade fisiológica de lotes com sementes esverdeadas pode ser afetada tanto em relação ao seu potencial de germinação quanto ao seu vigor, a ponto de inviabilizar sua comercialização. A determinação desse ponto que estabelece o nível máximo tolerado de sementes esverdeadas nos lotes é informação de extrema importância para os produtores de sementes. O objetivo do experimento foi determinar o nível tolerado de sementes esverdeadas em lotes de sementes de soja, que não comprometa a sua qualidade para fins comerciais. Foram utilizadas sementes de soja das cultivares CD 206, produzidas em Ubiratã, PR e de ‘FMT Tucunaré’, produzidas em Alto Garças, MT. Sementes esverdeadas foram mescladas com sementes amarelas nos seguintes porcentuais: 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% e 100%. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, tetrazólio e condutividade elétrica. Foram também determinados os teores de clorofila a, b e total nas sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial (duas cultivares x 12 níveis de sementes esverdeadas). A qualidade das sementes foi afetada negativamente e os teores de clorofilas se elevaram com o aumento dos porcentuais de sementes esverdeadas. Índices de até 3% de sementes esverdeadas, em lotes de sementes de soja, não propiciaram reduções na germinação, na viabilidade e no vigor, pelo envelhecimento acelerado, nas duas cultivares em estudo. A partir de 6% de sementes esverdeadas, a sua qualidade apresenta reduções significativas. Níveis superiores a 9% de sementes esverdeadas comprometem a qualidade de lotes de sementes de soja para fins comerciais, por seus efeitos significativos na redução do potencial fisiológico.

Strain SPC-1T was isolated from the phyllosphere of Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori (wild cardoon), a Mediterranean native plant considered to be the wild ancestor of the globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. This Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile strain secreted copious amounts of an exopolysaccharide, formed slimy, viscous, orange-pigmented colonies and grew optimally at around pH 6.0–6.5 and 26–30 °C in the presence of 0–0.5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that SPC-1T clustered together with species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. The G+C content of the DNA (66.1 mol%), the presence of Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, sym-homospermidine as the predominant polyamine, 2-hydroxymyristic acid (C14 : 0 2-OH) as the major hydroxylated fatty acid, the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the presence of sphingoglycolipid supported this taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that SPC-1T was most closely related to Sphingomonas hankookensis ODN7T, Sphingomonas insulae DS-28T and Sphingomonas panni C52T (98.19, 97.91 and 97.11 % sequence similarities, respectively). However, DNA–DNA hybridization analysis did not reveal any relatedness at the species level. Further differences were apparent in biochemical traits, and fatty acid, quinone and polyamine profiles leading us to conclude that strain SPC-1T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas cynarae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is SPC-1T ( = JCM 17498T = ITEM 13494T). A component analysis of the exopolysaccharide suggested that it represents a novel type of sphingan containing glucose, rhamnose, mannose and galactose, while glucuronic acid, which is commonly found in sphingans, was not detected.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf: 82903 bytes, checksum: 0d7df51a2b9cbcfa7a882c33cedaa818 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf: 82903 bytes, checksum: 0d7df51a2b9cbcfa7a882c33cedaa818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf: 82903 bytes, checksum: 0d7df51a2b9cbcfa7a882c33cedaa818 (MD5) S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf.txt: 16686 bytes, checksum: 669878f336d80c4fd162f22e7b7adc1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:40:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf: 82903 bytes, checksum: 0d7df51a2b9cbcfa7a882c33cedaa818 (MD5) S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf.txt: 16686 bytes, checksum: 669878f336d80c4fd162f22e7b7adc1d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:40:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf: 82903 bytes, checksum: 0d7df51a2b9cbcfa7a882c33cedaa818 (MD5) S1516-635X2006000300002.pdf.txt: 16686 bytes, checksum: 669878f336d80c4fd162f22e7b7adc1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-01 Three experiments were carried out to analyze the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails throughout the day when submitted to different lighting programs. In each experiment, birds were submitted to a period of 28 days for adaptation to the lighting program. During the following three days, each day - from 7 am to 7 pm or 9 pm - was divided into six or seven periods of two hours each, and the remaining hours corresponded to another single period. All birds were submitted to the same management practices, and received water and feed ad libitum. The experimental diet was formulated according to NRC (1994) standards. It was observed lower feed intake in the period of 9 pm to 7 am, and a higher incidence of lay from 3 pm to 7 pm, as opposite to hens, which peak of egg laying occurs during the morning. Some controversial results were found among experiments as to eggshell quality during the different periods of the day. Variation on the lighting program had little influence on the other performance and egg quality parameters. UNESP FMZ UNESP FMZ

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf: 117409 bytes, checksum: 927405759f2102583f462dc1e1d403fa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf: 117409 bytes, checksum: 927405759f2102583f462dc1e1d403fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf: 117409 bytes, checksum: 927405759f2102583f462dc1e1d403fa (MD5) S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf.txt: 30480 bytes, checksum: c623560ceb84501a969f5962c3383580 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:41:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf: 117409 bytes, checksum: 927405759f2102583f462dc1e1d403fa (MD5) S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf.txt: 30480 bytes, checksum: c623560ceb84501a969f5962c3383580 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:41:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf: 117409 bytes, checksum: 927405759f2102583f462dc1e1d403fa (MD5) S1516-635X2005000300003.pdf.txt: 30480 bytes, checksum: c623560ceb84501a969f5962c3383580 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-01 Two trials were carried out in the present study. Trial I evaluated the performance, carcass yield and breast meat quality, whereas Trial II evaluated the efficacy of utilizing prebiotics + probiotics on the control of Salmonella spp incidence in the carcasses of free-range broilers. In Trial I, 688 one-day-old male chicks of the Naked Neck Label Rouge strain were used, distributed in a randomized block design arranged according to a 2 x 2 factorial: control diet or diet supplemented with probiotics and prebiotics; and two rearing systems (confined or with access to paddocks - 3m²/bird), using four replicates with 35 birds each. The birds were reared until 84 days of age following the recommendations of management and nutrition for free-range strains, and had access to paddocks after 35 days of age. Water and food were given inside the experimental poultry house. Birds fed probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and the confined birds showed better performance, carcass yield and meat quality compared to the birds of the other treatments. In Trial II, 128 one-day-old male chicks of the free-range Naked Neck Label Rouge strain were used. The birds were distributed into four treatments: NCC (non-challenged control), NCS (non-challenged supplemented), CC (challenged control) and CS (challenged supplemented). There were no significant effects of adding probiotics and prebiotics in the diet in regard to Salmonella enteritidis recovery from the carcasses. UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Produção e Exploração Animal Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Unidade de Pesquisa de Brotas UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Produção e Exploração Animal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982005000400029.pdf: 227797 bytes, checksum: 1be3328e833e4498c5312485fd0d5465 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982005000400029.pdf: 227797 bytes, checksum: 1be3328e833e4498c5312485fd0d5465 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982005000400029.pdf: 227797 bytes, checksum: 1be3328e833e4498c5312485fd0d5465 (MD5) S1516-35982005000400029.pdf.txt: 40022 bytes, checksum: 984653347bf65c4642544b5c7fe692bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:40:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982005000400029.pdf: 227797 bytes, checksum: 1be3328e833e4498c5312485fd0d5465 (MD5) S1516-35982005000400029.pdf.txt: 40022 bytes, checksum: 984653347bf65c4642544b5c7fe692bf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:40:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982005000400029.pdf: 227797 bytes, checksum: 1be3328e833e4498c5312485fd0d5465 (MD5) S1516-35982005000400029.pdf.txt: 40022 bytes, checksum: 984653347bf65c4642544b5c7fe692bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-01 Um experimento foi realizado para se avaliar a influência das densidades da gaiola sobre o desempenho de poedeiras semi-pesadas em diferentes fases de criação (cria, recria e produção) e pesquisar seus efeitos sobre o desempenho das aves na fase seguinte. Na fase de cria (0 a 6 semanas), 804 pintinhas da linhagem Isa Brown foram distribuídas em gaiolas medindo 100 x 80 x 35 cm, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (29, 32, 35 e 38 aves por gaiola ou 275,86; 250,00; 228,57 e 210,52 cm²/ave) e quatro repetições por tratamento. Não houve diferenças significativas para ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e uniformidade nas densidades utilizadas na fase de cria. Na fase de recria (6 a 16 semanas), foram utilizadas 720 aves, alojadas em gaiolas medindo 100 x 50 x 50 cm, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 (densidades na fases de cria e recria), correspondendo a 10, 12 e 14 aves por gaiola, ou seja, 500,00; 416,67 ou 357,14 cm²/ave, com quatro repetições. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e uniformidade nas densidades utilizadas nesta fase. Na fase de produção, 540 aves foram alojadas em gaiolas com dimensões de 100 x 45 x 45 cm, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com nove tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (densidades na recria e na produção), com 8, 10 e 12 aves por gaiola, correspondendo a 562,15; 450,00 e 375,00 cm²/ ave, com cinco repetições. Observaram-se efeitos significativos da densidade na gaiola apenas para peso dos ovos e consumo de ração. Para as condições de realização desta pesquisa, pode-se afirmar que as densidades utilizadas nas três fases de criação não prejudicaram os parâmetros de produção estudados. This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities on performance of caged layers during the growing and laying periods and to verify the effects in the next phase. In the growing period (0-6 weeks), eight hundred and four chicks (Isa Brown ) were assigned to 100 x 80 x 35 cm cages, according to a completely randomized design, with four treatments (275.86, 250.00, 228.57, and 210.52 cm² per bird) and four replicates. No significant effects of treatments on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and uniformity were observed during the growing period. In the 6-16 w period, 720 pullets were randomly assigned to 100 x 50 x 50 cm cages, according to a completely randomized design of 4 x 3 factorial arrangement (four densities from 0-6 weeks and three densities from 6-16 weeks), with different treatments (500.00, 416.67, and 357.14 cm² per bird) and four replicates. No significant differences among treatments in the 6-16 w period on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and uniformity were observed. In the laying phase, 540 laying hens were randomly assigned to 100 x 45 x 45 cm cages, according to a completely randomized design of 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (three stocking densities in the 6-16 w periodand three caging densities in the laying phase), with different treatments (562.15, 450.00, and 375.00 cm² per hen) and five replicates. Significant effects of cage density on egg weight and feed intake were detected. No significant effects of cage density on bird performance in the growing and laying periods were observed. UNESP FMVZ UNESP FMVZ Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios UPD Unesp Instituto de Biociências UNESP FMVZ UNESP FMVZ Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Unesp Instituto de Biociências

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic associated to prebiotic on performance, carcass and cut yields, qualitative traits of meat, development and score of lesions due to coccidiosis in digestive tract of broiler chickens raised in a free-range system during 85 days. One thousand, six hundred and ninety-six day-old male broiler chicks from naked-neck ISA S757-N Label Rouge line were used in a randomized block design with factorial scheme of 4x2 and four repetitions. The effect of four additive (1 - biologic promoter + coccidiosis vaccine; 2 - biologic promoter + anti-coccidiosis; 3 - chemical promoter + coccidiosis vaccine; 4 - chemical promoter + anti-coccidiosis) and two breeding systems from 35th day of age (one with no-access to pasture or confined and the other with free-access to pasture or semi-confined) on performance parameters, carcass and cut yields, qualitative meat traits, coccidiosis development and lesions in digestive tract were evaluated. There was effect (p

In this study we investigated the potential of a fishing protocol adopted within the buffer zone of the Marine Protected Area of Torre Guaceto (SE Italy, Adriatic Sea) on fishing yields. The protocol, agreed with local fishermen and the MPA authority, aimed at regulating the fishing pressure within the MPA in the perspective to balance conservation and socio-economic needs. Fishing was completely banned in the entire MPA from 2001 to 2005. In 2005 fishing resumed within the buffer zone surrounding no-take zones. From 2005 to 2008 we monitored artisanal professional fishing (strictly exerted by trammel nets) within the buffer MPA, and compared CPUE (kg km −1 of net) with those obtained outside the MPA (where fishing grounds are fully open to professional and recreational fishing). Catches were higher inside than outside the MPA. Overall assemblage structures (evaluated on wet weight data) were significantly different from inside to outside the MPA, with the two most important commercial species, i.e. Mullus surmuletus and Scorpaena scrofa , accounting for ∼40% of the catch inside the MPA and ∼20% outside. In 2005, average CPUE within the MPA was about five-fold (∼50 kg km −1 of net) the mean value obtained outside. Such value then declined and tended to stabilize around 25 kg km −1 of net in 2007 and 2008. Average CPUE outside the MPA, instead, was ∼10 kg km −1 of net and remained quite stable across years. This study shows that the use of fishing co-management protocols within MPAs that properly involve local fishermen in the decision process is a promising approach to balance fishermen's and conservation needs.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is emerging worldwide as a public health problem in various settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CRAb isolates in Italy and to characterize their resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness. A countrywide cross-sectional survey was carried out at 25 centers in mid-2011. CRAb isolates were reported from all participating centers, with overall proportions of 45.7% and 22.2% among consecutive nonreplicate clinical isolates of A. baumannii from inpatients ( n = 508) and outpatients ( n = 63), respectively. Most of them were resistant to multiple antibiotics, whereas all remained susceptible to colistin, with MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of ≤0.5 mg/liter. The genes coding for carbapenemase production were identified by PCR and sequencing. OXA-23 enzymes (found in all centers) were by far the most common carbapenemases (81.7%), followed by OXA-58 oxacillinases (4.5%), which were found in 7 of the 25 centers. In 6 cases, CRAb isolates carried both bla OXA-23-like and bla OXA-58-like genes. A repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR technique, multiplex PCRs for group identification, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to determine the genetic relationships among representative isolates ( n = 55). Two different clonal lineages were identified, including a dominant clone of sequence type 2 (ST2) related to the international clone II (sequence group 1 [SG1], SG4, and SG5) and a clone of ST78 (SG6) previously described in Italy. Overall, our results demonstrate that OXA-23 enzymes have become the most prevalent carbapenemases and are now endemic in Italy. In addition, molecular typing profiles showed the presence of international and national clonal lineages in Italy.

We evaluated 1336 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals over a 6-month period. The proportion of hepatitis B e antigen-negative cases was 86.4%, that of patients coinfected with hepatitis D virus was 9.7%, and the rate of patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus was 16.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age >49 years, alcohol abuse, and anti-hepatitis D virus and anti-hepatitis C virus positivity were independent predictors of progression to liver cirrhosis. © 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011000900017.pdf: 208627 bytes, checksum: f26c19d6224003e576e466766b4de192 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011000900017.pdf: 208627 bytes, checksum: f26c19d6224003e576e466766b4de192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000900017.pdf: 208627 bytes, checksum: f26c19d6224003e576e466766b4de192 (MD5) S1516-35982011000900017.pdf.txt: 29181 bytes, checksum: 355457e3339cc718b9debedecc5bf71f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000900017.pdf: 208627 bytes, checksum: f26c19d6224003e576e466766b4de192 (MD5) S1516-35982011000900017.pdf.txt: 29181 bytes, checksum: 355457e3339cc718b9debedecc5bf71f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000900017.pdf: 208627 bytes, checksum: f26c19d6224003e576e466766b4de192 (MD5) S1516-35982011000900017.pdf.txt: 29181 bytes, checksum: 355457e3339cc718b9debedecc5bf71f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o peso vivo, o peso de pernas, os aspectos morfológicos das fibras musculares do músculo flexor longo do hálux e o perfil eletroforético das miosinas de cadeia pesada de quatro linhagens de frangos de corte criados nos sistemas de confinamento e semiconfinamento. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, composto de quatro linhagens (Ross 305, Máster Gris, Label Rouge e Vermelhão Pesado) e dois sistemas de criação (confinamento e semiconfinamento), cada combinação avaliada com quatro repetições. Aos 28 e 84 dias de idade, foram abatidas quatro aves por tratamento, totalizando 64 aves. A eletroforese identificou a presença das três isoformas de miosinas, tipo MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa e MyHC-IIb, no músculo flexor longo do hálux dos frangos de corte. Com aumento da idade, a isoforma de miosina MyHC-II aumenta, enquanto a MyHC-I diminui. Somente aos 84 dias de idade, a expressão das isoformas de miosina do tipo MyHC-II foram influenciadas pela linhagem, confirmando o reflexo da seleção na linhagem Ross no músculo mais glicolítico.A linhagem Ross apresenta maior peso vivo, peso de perna, peso e área do músculo flexor longo do hálux em comparação às linhagens tipo caipira. The objective was to evaluate body weight, leg weight and morphologic aspects of the muscle fibers of the flexor hallucis longus muscle and electrophoretic profile of myosin heavy chain of four strains of broilers, reared in confinement and semi-confinement systems. 1440 chicks were randomly assigned in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement: four strains (Ross 305, Master Gris, Label Rouge and Vermelhao Pesado), two production systems (confinement and semi-confinement), with four replicates for each treatment. Four birds were sacrificed for each treatment, at 28 and 84 d, totaling 64 animals. Electrophoresis technique identified the presence of three myosin heavy chain types: MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa and MyHC-IIb, in the flexor hallucis longus muscle of the broilers. There was increase in MyHC-II and decrease in MyHC-I, as age passed. Only at 84 days-old was the MyHC-II expression influenced by strain, confirming a response of selection in Ross lineage on a more glycolytic muscle. The Ross lineage has higher live weight, leg weight, weight and area of the flexor hallucis longus, compared to different chicken strains. Universidade Estadual Paulista UNICAMP Universidade Estadual Paulista

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf: 803840 bytes, checksum: c7dd3536b912c6e3e62e2234fa668010 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf: 803840 bytes, checksum: c7dd3536b912c6e3e62e2234fa668010 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf: 803840 bytes, checksum: c7dd3536b912c6e3e62e2234fa668010 (MD5) S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf.txt: 39994 bytes, checksum: acd8d2b277d7080c571e190ddd18d9b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf: 803840 bytes, checksum: c7dd3536b912c6e3e62e2234fa668010 (MD5) S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf.txt: 39994 bytes, checksum: acd8d2b277d7080c571e190ddd18d9b9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf: 803840 bytes, checksum: c7dd3536b912c6e3e62e2234fa668010 (MD5) S1516-635X2011000200004.pdf.txt: 39994 bytes, checksum: acd8d2b277d7080c571e190ddd18d9b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study aimed at evaluating the effect of dietary calcium levels and the replacement of calcium sources with different particle size compositions on the performance and egg quality of brown layers in their second egg production cycle. A randomized block experimental design was applied with 12 treatments in a 3x4 factorial arrangement: three calcium levels (2.6, 3.2, 3.8 %) and four combinations of calcium sources (1- 100% fine limestone (FL), 2- 50% FL + 50% coarse limestone (CL), 3- 50% FL and 50% oyster shell (OS), 4- 50% FL and 25% CL+ 25 %OS), with six replicates of eight birds each. Calcium sources were analyzed for geometric mean diameter (GMD) and in-vitro solubility. The following performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated: egg weight (EW, g), egg production (% Eggs), egg mass (EM %), feed intake (FI g), feed conversion ratio (FCR kg/dz and FCR kg/kg), mortality (% Mort.), specific egg gravity (SG), percentages of yolk (Y%), albumen (Alb%) and eggshell (ES%), eggshell thickness (EST), eggshell breaking strength (BS), eggshell weight per surface area (EWSA), Haugh unit (HU), yolk index (YI) and yolk color. Performance and internal egg quality were not affected by the treatments (p>0.05). Blocks had a significant effect on (p

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982010001000017.pdf: 53052 bytes, checksum: 24ce8d9b119567fb010ac7dab91a1a50 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982010001000017.pdf: 53052 bytes, checksum: 24ce8d9b119567fb010ac7dab91a1a50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010001000017.pdf: 53052 bytes, checksum: 24ce8d9b119567fb010ac7dab91a1a50 (MD5) S1516-35982010001000017.pdf.txt: 42103 bytes, checksum: 7cad5df94d089567e09f730520f5cf75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:40:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010001000017.pdf: 53052 bytes, checksum: 24ce8d9b119567fb010ac7dab91a1a50 (MD5) S1516-35982010001000017.pdf.txt: 42103 bytes, checksum: 7cad5df94d089567e09f730520f5cf75 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010001000017.pdf: 53052 bytes, checksum: 24ce8d9b119567fb010ac7dab91a1a50 (MD5) S1516-35982010001000017.pdf.txt: 42103 bytes, checksum: 7cad5df94d089567e09f730520f5cf75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e das partes de quatro linhagens de frangos de corte criados em sistemas de confinamento e semiconfinamento. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com esquema fatorial 4 õ 2, composto de quatro linhagens (Ross 308, Máster Griss, Label Rouge e Vermelhão Pesado) e dois sistemas de criação (em confinamento e semiconfinamento), cada um com quatro repetições de 45 aves. Aos 84 dias de idade, foram abatidas quatro aves por repetição, totalizando 128 aves, para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e das partes. O acesso ao piquete (semiconfinamento) não influenciou o desempenho nem o rendimento de carcaça das linhagens, exceto o rendimento de gordura abdominal, que foi mais baixo nas aves semiconfinadas. Considerando apenas aves das linhagens tipo colonial, a Máster Griss e Vermelhão Pesado tiveram melhores resultados de peso e a Label Rouge, melhor conversão alimentar. Os frangos tipo colonial Máster Griss, Label Rouge e Vermelhão Pesado, em comparação aos da linhagem comercial Ross, apresentaram maior rendimento de partes, exceto de peito e carne de peito, que foram maiores na linhagem Ross. A escolha da linhagem deve ser feita de acordo com o interesse de mercado, pois há diferenças no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaça e das partes. The objective of this work was to evaluate performance and carcass and dressing yields of four broiler chicken lineages raised in confined and semi-confined systems. It was used 1,440 chicks distributed in a random block design with a 4 õ 2 factorial scheme, composed of lineage types (Ross 308, Máster Griss, Label Rouge and Vermelhão Pesado) and two production systems (confinement and semi-confinement), each one with four replications with 45 birds. At 84 days of age, four birds of each repetition were slaughtered, totaling 128 birds, for evaluation of carcass and dressing yields. Access to the paddock (semi-confinement) did not affect performance neither the yield of the carcass of the lineages, except abdominal fat yield, which was the lowest in the semi-confined birds. Considering only birds of colonial lineage, Máster Griss and Vermelhão Pesado showed the best results for weight and Label Rouge, the best feed intake. Broilers of Master Griss, Label Rouge and Vermelhão Pesado, compared to the Ross commercial lineage, showed the highest dressing yield, except for breast and breast meat, which were the highest in Ross lineage. Choice of lineage must be done accordingly to the market interest, since there are differences on performance and yield of dressing and carcass. Universidade Estadual Paulista Fac. de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Brotas Universidade Estadual Paulista Fac. de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is known to produce neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus, especially in the CA 1 /CA 3 subfields, together with reactive astrogliosis. Previous studies indicate that in cultured rat hippocampal neurons the Ca 2+ cytosolic increase induced by TMT is correlated with apoptotic cell death, although some molecular aspects of the hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by this neurotoxicant still remain to be clarified. Cathepsin D (Cat D) is a lysosomal aspartic protease involved in some neurodegenerative processes and also seems to play an important role in the processes that regulate apoptosis. We investigated the specific activity and cellular expression of Cat D in the rat hippocampus in vivo and in cultured organotypic rat hippocampal slices. The role of Cat D in cell death processes and the mechanisms controlling Cat D were also investigated. Cat D activity was assayed in hippocampus homogenates of control and TMT-treated rats. In order to visualize the distribution of Cat D immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, double-label immunofluorescence for Cat D and Neu N, GFAP, OX42 was performed. In addition, in order to clarify the possible relationship between Cat D activity, neuronal calcium overload and neuronal death processes, organotypic hippocampal cultures were also treated with a Cat D inhibitor (Pepstatin A) or Calpain inhibitor (Calpeptin) or an intracellular Ca 2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM) in the presence of TMT. TMT treatment in rat hippocampus induced high levels of Cat D activity both in vivo and in vitro , in glial cells and in CA 3 neurons, where a marked TMT-induced neuronal loss also occurred. Cat D is actively involved in CA3 neuronal death and the protease increase is a calcium-Calpain dependent phenomenon.