Author: "Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)" / Topic: biology - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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62 results on '"Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)"'

1. Climbing for dummies: recommendation for multi‐specific fishways for the conservation of tropical eels and gobies

Author: Raphaël Lagarde, Dominique Courret, Henri Grondin, Dominique Ponton, Laetitia Faivre, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), OCEA Consult', Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER - IFREMER (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), OCEA Consult (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Poitiers (FRANCE), Université de La Réunion (FRANCE), Office français de la biodiversité - OFB (FRANCE), Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie - UNC (FRANCE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UPVD (FRANCE), and Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien - ENTROPIE (Tuléar, Madagascar)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Fishways, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Cotylopus acutipinnis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, food, 14. Life underwater, River continuum, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Fish migration, Amphidromy, Eels, Dam, Ecology, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Catadromy, Tropics, Sicyopterus lagocephalus, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Substrate type, Upstream passage, Climbing, Environmental science, %22">Fish , Sicydiinae
Abstract: International audience; Dams and other man-made barriers impair upstream fish migration and thus threaten fish populations that need access to upper river reaches to complete their life cycle. For many years, fishways have been used to mitigate this impact. Fishways around the globe are typically built based on recommendations made for northern hemisphere species, particularly salmonids. These recommendations do not consider the locomotor characteristics and skills of other species, especially those living in the tropics. Among tropical species, freshwater eels and gobies of the Sicydiinae subfamily are important cultural and economic species that are particularly sensitive to the impact of man-made barriers. Our experimental study aimed to test different substrates and slopes for ramp-like fishways adapted to tropical eels and sicydiines. Among the five substrates tested for 368 eels Anguilla marmorata, elastomer pins appeared to be the most efficient. Elastomer pins also appeared to be more efficient than the fine concrete which is currently used in fishways for sicydiines (Sicyopterus lagocephalus, N = 1797, and Cotylopus acutipinnis, N = 1303). The slope had a lesser effect on the climbing success of sicydiines compared to substrate type, except for gradients greater than 50° that induced a slight decrease in success. Our results indicated that ramp-like fishways fitted with 1.0 cm diameter elastomer pins, positioned in staggered rows with a diagonal spacing of 1.3 cm, wetted with low-flow and angled less than 50°, are well adapted to accommodate the different locomotor characteristics and skills of tropical eels and sicydiines.
Published: 2021

2. 3D Photogrammetry Modeling Highlights Efficient Reserve Effect Apparition After 5 Years and Stillness After 40 for Red Coral (Corallium rubrum) Conservation in French MPAs

Author: Noëmie Michez, Pierre Drap, Patrick Bonhomme, Justine Richaume, Olivier Bianchimani, Virginie Hartmann, Frederic Cadene, Bruno Ferrari, Adrien Cheminée, Septentrion Environnement, Septentrion Environnement [Marseille], Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parc National des Calanques, Réserve naturelle marine de Cérbère Banyuls, Réserves Naturelles de France, Département des Pyrénées-Orientales, Parc Naturel Marin du Golfe du Lion/Office Français de la Biodiversité, Parc Naturel Marin du Golfe du Lion (PNM Golfe du Lion), Direction régionale Occitanie (OFB - DR OCC), and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral, Science, Population, Precious coral, MPAs, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, QH1-199.5, Oceanography, photogrammetry, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, BACI design, 14. Life underwater, education, Reef, Water Science and Technology, Corallium rubrum, Seascape, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, National park, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Global change, biology.organism_classification, reserve effect, Geography, Photogrammetry
Abstract: Imaging the marine environment is more and more useful to understand relationships between species, as well as natural processes. Developing photogrammetry allowed the use of 3D measuring to study populations dynamics of sessile organisms at various scales: from colony to population. This study focuses on red coral (Corallium rubrum), as known as precious coral. Metrics measured at a colony scale (e.g., maximum height, diameter and number of branches) allowed population understanding and a comparison between an old (Cerbère-Banyuls reserve) vs. a new (Calanques National Park) MPA. Our results suggested a 5-year time step allows the appearance of a significant difference between populations inside vs. outside the Calanques National Park no-take zones. Red coral colonies were taller and had more branches inside no-take zones. A significant difference was still observable for the populations inside the Cerbère-Banyuls reserve after 40 years of protection, reflecting the sustainability and effectiveness of precautionary measures set by the reserve. The impacts at the local level (mechanical destruction) and those presumed to occur via global change (climatic variations) underline the need to develop strategies both to follow the evolutions of red coral populations but also to understand their resilience. Photogrammetry induced modeling is a time and cost effective as well as non-invasive method which could be used to understand population dynamics at a seascape scale on coralligenous reefs.
Published: 2021

3. Molecular detection of the swim bladder parasite Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) in fecal samples of the endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla

Author: Anthony Acou, Thibaut Jousseaume, Eric Feunteun, Jean-Marc Roussel, Agnès Bardonnet, Sophie Launey, Elsa Amilhat, Elisabeth Faliex, Laurent Beaulaton, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Agence Française de la Biodiversité (grant AFB-INRA_2017_035_01), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Male, 030231 tropical medicine, prevalence, Endangered species, Zoology, Biology, 030308 mycology & parasitology, invasive species, Feces, Fish Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Critically endangered, 0302 clinical medicine, Swim bladder, Animals, IUCN Red List, Parasite hosting, 14. Life underwater, 0303 health sciences, Air Sacs, General Veterinary, Reproduction, General Medicine, Anguilla, biology.organism_classification, degraded DNA, Dracunculoidea, Infectious Diseases, Nematode, Insect Science, Microsatellite, parasite infection, Female, Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The European eel Anguilla anguilla is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. Among many threats, the introduced parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus is suspected to alter the eels’ swim bladder and jeopardize their reproductive oceanic migration. To date, gaining knowledge about the distribution and prevalence of A. crassus requires individual sacrifice (over 50,000 eels were sacrificed for epidemiology studies since 2010). This paper describes a non-lethal molecular protocol for identifying prevalence of A. crassus in A. anguilla, based on searching for A. crassus DNA in the feces of eels. Tests using three DNA microsatellite markers specific to the nematode showed that molecular detection provided similar results to visual examination of the swim bladder in up to 80% of the cases, and allowed for comparison of prevalence among sites. Easy to implement, this non-lethal protocol for detecting A. crassus could be valuable for management plans of this endangered species.
Published: 2021

4. Shedding light on the river and sea lamprey in western European marine waters

Author: Anthony Acou, Etienne Rivot, Sophie A. M. Elliott, Elodie Réveillac, Laurent Beaulaton, Noémie Deleys, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), VIGIES, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), Anthropogenic pressure, Population, Endangered species, Growth, Distribution, Surveys, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, education, Semelparity and iteroparity, Migration, Nature and Landscape Conservation, education.field_of_study, Fish migration, biology, Lamprey, Ecology, Phenology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Botany, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Geography, QL1-991, QK1-989, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology
Abstract: Lampreys are ancestral jawless vertebrates with particularly complex life histories. Population declines resulting from increased anthropogenic pressure have been observed. For semelparous diadromous lampreys, the marine phase remains largely a black box, making targeted management and conservation measures difficult to implement. Here, we collated a database of 168904 hauls from both fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent surveys between 1965 and 2019. Lampreys were observed in only 254 hauls (20 cm) and occurred in autumn, indicating inshore migration. Our observations provide insight into the ecology of lampreys at sea and highlight study locations and gear types, which may be more pertinent for future research. Greater awareness is needed during surveys to collate catch information on lampreys and improve understanding of their ecology and phenology at sea.
Published: 2021

5. Assessment of the quality of European silver eels and tentative approach to trace the origin of contaminants -An European overview

Author: Paco Bustamante, Claude Belpaire, Michael Ingemann Pedersen, Gregory E. Maes, Elsa Amilhat, Laure Virag, Gustavo Becerra-Jurado, Elisabeth Faliex, Kim Aarestrup, Catherine Boisneau, Javier Lobón-Cerviá, Anthony Acou, Govindan Malarvannan, Eric Feunteun, Alan Walker, Lieven Bervoets, David Righton, Clarisse Boulenger, Niklas Sjöberg, Håkan Wickström, Thomas Trancart, Russell Poole, Adrian Covaci, Paddy Gargan, Bastien Bourillon, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), University of Antwerp (UA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Unité Expérimentale d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie Aquatique - U3E (Rennes, France) (U3E ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Inland Fisheries Ireland, Institute for European Environmental Policy, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems, Division of Gene Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, SCHOOL of MEDICINE [Louvain], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture - Comparative Genomics Centre - College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Marine Institute [Ireland], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), European Project: 212133,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2007-1,EELIAD(2008), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Lipid energy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Anguillicola crassus, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Biomonitoring, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Flame Retardants, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Pollutant, Managemen, Eels, Contamination, Anguilla, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Bioaccumulation, 6. Clean water, Management, Europe, Fishery, Chemistry, Lipd energy, Bioindicators, Environmental science, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Bioindicator
Abstract: The European eel is critically endangered. Although the quality of silver eels is essential for their reproduction, little is known about the effects of multiple contaminants on the spawning migration and the European eel management plan does not take this into account. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled 482 silver eels from 12 catchments across Europe and developed methods to assess three aspects of eel quality: muscular lipid content (N = 169 eels), infection with Anguillicola crassus (N = 482), and contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs, N = 169) and trace elements (TEs, N = 75). We developed a standardized eel quality risks index (EQR) using these aspects for the subsample of 75 female eels. Among 169 eels, 33% seem to have enough muscular lipids content to reach the Sargasso Sea to reproduce. Among 482 silver eels, 93% were infected by A. crassus at least once during their lifetime. All contaminants were above the limit of quantification, except the 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), Ag and V. The contamination by POPs was heterogeneous between catchments while TEs were relatively homogeneous, suggesting a multi-scale adaptation of management plans. The EQR revealed that eels from Warwickshire were most impacted by brominated flame-retardants and agricultural contaminants, those from Scheldt were most impacted by agricultural and construction activities, PCBs, coal burning, and land use, while Frémur eels were best characterized by lower lipid contents and high parasitic and BTBPE levels. There was a positive correlation between EQR and a human footprint index highlighting the capacity of silver eels for biomonitoring human activities and the potential impact on the suitability of the aquatic environment for eel population health. EQR therefore represents a step forward in the standardization and mapping of eel quality risks, which will help identify priorities and strategies for restocking freshwater ecosystems., The EELIAD project was funded by the European Union FP7 researchprogram on environment (Grant agreement No. GOCE-2008212133, EU-EELIAD 2008-2012).
Published: 2020

6. Modeling diadromous fish loss from historical data: Identification of anthropogenic drivers and testing of mitigation scenarios

Author: Samuel Demski, Karl Kreutzenberger, Jérôme Belliard, Yorick Reyjol, Marie-Line Merg, Olivier Dézerald, Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation Biology, Population Dynamics, Dam removal, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Aquaculture, 01 natural sciences, Water Quality, Human Activities, Marine Fish, Conservation Science, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fishes, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Pollution, Freshwater Fish, Vertebrates, Freshwater fish, Medicine, Fish Farming, Environmental Monitoring, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Evolutionary Processes, Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fisheries, Marine Biology, Structural basin, 010603 evolutionary biology, Rivers, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Species Extinction, Evolutionary Biology, Fish migration, Models, Statistical, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Water Pollution, Organisms, Fragmentation (computing), Aquatic Environments, Biology and Life Sciences, Bodies of Water, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Fish, Taxon, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Animal Migration, Water quality, Hydrology, Hydrography, Zoology
Abstract: International audience; Diadromous fishes have drastically declined over the last century, especially in Europe. Several authors have highlighted the role of large dams in this decline, but in fact, its causes are potentially multiple and cumulative, including degradation of local environmental conditions and widespread fragmentation of hydrographic networks associated with the pervasive establishment of smaller barriers. Consequently, there is a need to improve the identification and prioritization of the drivers of diadromous species loss in order to identify and apply the most appropriate conservation and restoration measures. In this study, we used both historical sources (from mid-18th to early 20th century) and current data to quantify the long-term loss of diadromous taxa over 555 sites throughout the French river network. Then, we modeled the effects of several anthropogenic pressures (e.g. barriers, water quality, hydrological and river morphological alterations) on diadromous taxon loss. Lastly, we assessed the potential consequences of four different scenarios of anthropogenic pressure reduction. Due to uncertainties in historical sources, some species were grouped into taxa leading to a potential underestimation of actual species extinctions. Despite this limitation, our results showed that the decline in diadromous assemblages is widespread but with contrasting magnitudes depending on site locations. The maximum height and density of barriers appeared as the major factors of taxon loss. Over the scenarios tested, we observed that exclusively improving local conditions have much more limited effects than restoring river continuity. Focusing actions on large dam removal did not show the strongest responses compared to removing medium and small-sized barriers. For effective and sustainable restoration of diadromous fish assemblage, (1) historical occurrences of diadromous fishes should be used as an indicator for assessing recovery, and (2) undertaken measures must be adapted to each basin to target and limit the number of barriers to remove while allowing diadromous fish recovery.
Published: 2020

7. New insights into the past and recent evolutionary history of the Corsican mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) to inform its conservation

Author: Cécile Kaerle, Gilles Bourgoin, Pauline Gélin, Elodie Portanier, Pierre Benedetti, Sébastien Devillard, Pascale Chevret, Filippo Barbanera, Mathieu Garel, Guillaume Queney, Frédéric Sanchis, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Antagene - Animal Genomics Laboratory, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: Population, Biodiversity, Ungulates, Subspecies, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, education, Approximate Bayesian computation, Historic faunal relocation, Human-mediated introduction, Management units, Phylogeography, Ovis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, language.human_language, Mouflon, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, language, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Corsican
Abstract: International audience; Human-mediated species dispersal across the Mediterranean stretches back at least 10,000 years and has left an indelible stamp on present-day biodiversity. Believed to be a descendant of the Asiatic mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelinii), the Corsican mouflon (O. g. musimon) was translocated during the Neolithic as ancestral livestock by humans migrating from the Fertile Crescent to the Western Mediterranean. Today, two geographically limited and disconnected populations can be found in Corsica. Whether they originated from distinct founders or one ancestral population that later split remains unknown, although such information is pivotal for the species' management on the island. We genotyped 109 and 176 individuals at the Cytochrome-b gene and 16 loci of the microsatellite DNA, respectively, to gain insights into the natural history of the Corsican mouflon. We found evidence confirming that the Asiatic was the ancestor of the Corsican mouflon, which should thus be unvaryingly referred to as O. g. musimon, i.e. as a subspecies of the Asiatic mouflon. Haplotype divergence dating and the investigation of genetic structure highlighted a strong and ancient genetic differentiation between the two Corsican populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation pointed to the introduction of a single group of founders as the most reliable scenario for the origin of the entire Corsican population. Later, this ancestral stock would have decreased in number, facing genetic bottlenecks and eventually resulting in two divergent demes. Splitting most likely occurred several hundred years ago. Their shared past notwithstanding, we discuss whether the two relic Corsican mouflon populations should be now considered as distinct management units.
Published: 2021

8. Drivers of black grouse trends in the French Alps: The prevailing contribution of climate

Author: Marc Montadert, Aurélien Besnard, Coline Canonne, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: Tetrao tetrix, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Ecology, Climate change, Global change, Black grouse, biology.organism_classification, population trends, black grouse, monitoring, climate change, Geography, global change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Aim Mountains host complex ecosystems whose wide range of ecological conditions over small geographical distances makes them biodiversity hotspots. To ensure their long-term conservation, a better understanding of the interaction between climate change and modifications in land use is necessary. Most studies have focused on only one of these factors at a time, leading to incomplete predictions. In this study, we explored the relative contribution of both recreative activities and climate change on the population dynamics of the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), an emblematic cold-adapted species of the Alps.Methods We used data from a network of 47 monitoring sites dispersed around the French Alps and surveyed since the 1980s or 1990s. We estimated black grouse population growth rates using state-space models and tested for effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on both long-term trends and inter-annual variations in these rates.Results Population trajectories were strongly heterogeneous in space; nevertheless, a general decline at the edge of the black grouse distribution area was revealed in the southern pre-Alps. We found very little influence of hunting and new ski lift cables installation on inter-annual variability in population growth rate. In contrast, our results suggest strong impact of climatic conditions and phenology. While temperature positively influenced growth rate, precipitation had a negative effect. Early snowmelt and vegetation season were correlated with high positive values of annual population growth rates.Main conclusions Birds in mountain habitats may be drastically affected by ongoing climate change, perhaps to a greater extent than by an increase in recreational activities. However, other human activities in the mountains (such as animal grazing or forest exploitation) that were not taken into consideration in this study might also have a strong impact on habitat structure and indirectly affect populations' growth.
Published: 2021

9. Do reproductive constraints or experience drive age-dependent space use in two large herbivores?

Author: Yannick Chaval, Pascal Marchand, Christian Itty, Anne Loison, A. Malagnino, A. J. M. Hewison, Nicolas Morellet, Bruno Cargnelutti, Mathieu Garel, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Swansea University, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (ZA PYGAR), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federation Departementale des Chasseurs de la Haute Garonne, Office Français de la Biodiversite, ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, senescence, Offspring, Home range, neonatal antipredator tactics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Mating, Ovis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, seasonal variation, Herbivore, biology, 05 social sciences, mate searching tactics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, animal movement, daily distance travelled, Roe deer, Mouflon, home range size, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Life histories are strongly age dependent, notably linked to the onset of reproductive maturity and subsequent senescence. Consequently, ageing is predicted to impact behaviour, through the expression of either mating tactics in males or neonatal antipredator tactics in females. However, the influence of ageing, and the associated reproductive activity, on spatial behaviour remains poorly investigated. In this regard, we quantified age- and sex-specific intra-annual variation in movement rates and space use of two large herbivores with contrasting life histories: the roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, an asocial species with a territorial male mating strategy and a hider neonatal tactic, and the Mediterranean mouflon, Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp., a gregarious species with a roaming male mating strategy and a follower neonatal tactic. We expected age-related differences to be mostly related to (1) age-specific mating tactics during the rut for males and the presence/absence of offspring for females, and (2) experience and/or locomotory senescence otherwise. During the rutting period, older roe deer males travelled greater daily distances than younger males due to patrolling behaviours for territory defence, whereas older mouflon males travelled less than younger males, which often adopted coursing tactics to mate with females. During the birth period, reproductive females had smaller home ranges than nonreproductive females in roe deer, whereas no marked differences were observed in mouflon females. The most marked age-related variation in space use of mouflon occurred outside the reproductive periods; specifically, the oldest individuals travelled less far and had a smaller home range (females only) than younger individuals. Our findings illustrate how space use tactics vary within and between populations of large herbivores, providing strong evidence that age and reproductive activity are major determinants of their spatial behaviour. © 2020 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Published: 2021

10. Effects of population density on static allometry between horn length and body mass in mountain ungulates

Author: Morgane Tidière, Mathieu Garel, Christophe Pélabon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Anne Loison, Carole Toïgo, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Jean-François Lemaître, Steeve D. Côté, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, French horn, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, 03 medical and health sciences, Density dependence, density dependence, allometry, Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, condition dependence, horns, bovids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about the effects of environmental variation on allometric relationships of condition-dependent traits, especially in wild populations. We estimated sex-specific static allometry between horn length and body mass in four populations of mountain ungulates that experienced periods of contrasting density over the course of the study. These species displayed contrasting sexual dimorphism in horn size; high dimorphism in Capra ibex and Ovis canadensis and low dimorphism in Rupicapra rupicapra and Oreamnos americanus. The effects of density on static allometric slopes were weak and inconsistent while allometric intercepts were generally lower at high density, especially in males from species with high sexual dimorphism in horn length. These results confirm that static allometric slopes are more canalized than allometric intercepts against environmental variation induced by changes in population density.
Published: 2021

11. Ecological consequences of consecutive river damming for three groups of bioindicators

Author: Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez, Christophe Piscart, Stéphanie Massé, Jean-Marc Roussel, Laura Pellan, Caroline Gorzerino, Marion Chorin, Alexandrine Pannard, Guillaume Bouger, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMS 3343 (OSU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), The Agence de l’Eau Seine-Normandie funded the projects 'Bio-monitoring' and 'RESTAURE' AESN-CNRS n° 10533864-1 and 1085108-2019., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pôle OFB-INRAE-Institut Agro-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement (MIAME), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, River ecosystem, Water flow, Benthic invertebrate, General Decision Sciences, Phytobenthos, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, Invertebrate, Diversity, Ecology, Dam, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lake ecosystem, Community structure, 15. Life on land, Benthic zone, Phytoplankton, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal
Abstract: International audience; We studied three commonly used bioindicator groups: phytoplankton, phytobenthos and benthic invertebrate communities’ structure patterns in transitions between lotic and lentic habitats as consequences of two consecutive large dams constructed in the early twentieth century on the intermediate reach of a lowland river in Normandy (NW, France), the Selune. According to sampling station position along the river, including two in the two reservoir lakes, we defined three sorts of transitions, from upstream to downstream: lentic to lotic transition (hereafter len-lot), lentic to lentic transition (hereafter len-len), within the two reservoir lakes, and lentic to lotic transition (hereafter len-lot).Lot-len transition, imposed by damming, and the recovery of lotic character of the river afterward dams, promoted different diversity patterns for the studied organisms’ groups. Phytobenthos’ α diversity significantly incresed in the len-lot transition, and the highest β diversity score was observed in the lot-len. Both, habitat conditions and spatial controls drove phytobenthos community structure. Benthic invertebrate community was mainly shaped by habitat conditions. Invertebrate’s α diversity significantly changed in the lot-len and len-lot transitions, with the β diversity score being the highest in the lot-len transition. Community’s traits composition of invertebrates best fitted predictions on lotic- and lentic- type communities. Phytoplankton’s α diversity remained unchanged in the transitions and subsequently β diversity scores were low.According to the results, we proposed three classes of organisms based on their response to river damming: i) organisms indifferent or tolerant to dams effect, like phytoplankton communities in this study, that were neither hampered by changes in water flow velocity, and did not display dispersal limitation neither; ii) organisms sensitive to habitat conditions shift but not limited in their dispersal capacity by the dam, like benthic invertebrates and phytobenthos in this study. Benthic invertebrate community and phytobenthos communities differed in their response likely due to their differential dispersal capabilities and niche breadth; iii) organisms limited in their dispersal by the dam, not represented in this study.Riverine organisms best tracked transitions, while β diversity assessment revealed as the most useful metric to disentangle the relative contribution of dispersal limitation or habitat modification provoked by multiple dams.
Published: 2021

12. Agricultural intensification alters marbled newt genetic diversity and gene flow through density and dispersal reduction

Author: Raphaël Leblois, Pierre Grillet, Olivier Lourdais, Alexandre Boissinot, Bertrand Gauffre, Vincent Quiquempois, Sophie Morin, Damien Picard, Cécile Ribout, School of Biological Sciences [Clayton], Monash University [Clayton], Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Réserve Naturelle Régionale du Bocage des Antonins [France], Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Département de Biologie UFR Sciences - Université d'Angers [France], Université d'Angers (UA), and Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gene Flow, Triturus marmoratus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, microsatellites, 03 medical and health sciences, demographic inferences, Effective population size, Genetics, Animals, education, dispersal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Ecology, Genetic Variation, landscape genetics, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, Salamandridae, Habitat destruction, Genetics, Population, Genetic distance, Genetic structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Arable land, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Recent agricultural intensification threatens global biodiversity with amphibians being one of the most impacted groups. Because of their biphasic life cycle, amphibians are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation that often result in small, isolated populations and loss of genetic diversity. Here, we studied how landscape heterogeneity affects genetic diversity, gene flow and demographic parameters in the marbled newt, Triturus marmoratus, over a hedgerow network landscape in Western France. While the northern part of the study area consists of preserved hedged farm-land, the southern part was more profoundly converted for intensive arable crops production after WWII. Based on 67 sampled ponds and 10 microsatellite loci, we characterized regional population genetic structure and evaluated the correlation between landscape variables and (i) local genetic diversity using mixed models and (ii) genetic distance using multiple regression methods and commonality analysis. We identified a single genetic population characterized by a spatially heterogeneous isolation- by- distance pattern. Pond density in the surrounding landscape positively affected local genetic diversity while arable crop land cover negatively affected gene flow and connectivity. We used demographic inferences to quantitatively assess dif-ferences in effective population density and dispersal between the contrasted land-scapes characterizing the northern and southern parts of the study area. Altogether, results suggest recent land conversion affected T. marmoratus through reduction in both effective population density and dispersal due to habitat loss and reduced connectivity.
Published: 2021

13. Date de publication, onomatophore and onymotope of Emoia cyanura (Squamata: Scincidae)

Author: Thierry Frétey, Annemarie Ohler, Jean Lescure, Jean-Christophe de Massary, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Squamata, Reptilia, Insecta, Arthropoda, Mantodea, Zoology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Synonymy, Publication date, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animalia, Emoia cyanura, Chordata, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Synonymie, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Availability, Date de publication, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Disponibilité, Empusidae, Animal Science and Zoology, Scincidae
Abstract: International audience; The publication date, availability and onymotope of the nomen Scincus cyanurus are assessed. The nomen was validly published by Lesson in 1830 and is based on a holophoront, probably from the island of Tahiti. Elements allowing the identification of the nomina cited in the synonymy of Scincus cyanurus are given. Eumeces lessonii Duméril & Bibron, 1839 is a replacement name of this nomen (alloneonym) and Emoia pheonura Ineich, 1987 is a subjective synonym (doxisonym) whereas the nomina Tiliqua lessonii Cocteau and Tiliqua kienerii Cocteau are unavailable as the part of the work of Cocteau proposing these nomina has not been published. The nomen“Scincus celestinus” is a gymnonym (nomen nudum) to be listed in the synonymy of Mocoa caeruleocauda De Vis, 1892 as confirmed by the identity of the specimens from the MNHN collections on which the nomen is based.; La date de publication, la disponibilité et l’onymotope du nomen Scincus cyanurus sont analysés. Le nomen a été validement publié par Lesson en 1830 et il est basé sur un holophoronte, probablement de l’île de Tahiti. Des éléments permettant la reconnaissance de l’identité des nomina dans la synonymy de Scincus cyanurus basés sur des spécimens du MNHN sont donnés. Ainsi Eumeces lessonii Duméril & Bibron, 1839 est un nom de remplacement de ce nomen (allonéonyme) et Emoia pheonura Ineich, 1987 est un synonyme subjectif (doxisonyme). En revanche, les nomina Tiliqua lessonii Cocteau et Tiliqua kienerii Cocteau ne sont pas disponibles car cette livraison du travail de Cocteau n’a pas été publiée. Le nomen“Scincus celestinus” est un gymnonyme (nomen nudum) qu’il faut inclure dans la synonymie de Mocoa caeruleocauda De Vis, 1892, confirmé par l’identité des spécimens de la collection du MNHN sur lesquels le nomen est basé.
Published: 2021

14. Targeted strategies for the management of wildlife diseases: the case of brucellosis in Alpine ibex

Author: Carole Toïgo, Elodie Petit, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Pascal Marchand, Sébastien Lambert, Sophie Rossi, Anne Thébault, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), French Ministry of Research, French Biodiversity Agency, ANSES, and VetAgroSup Lyon
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Veterinary medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychological intervention, Culling, Wildlife disease, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, SF600-1100, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Goats, metapopulation, Transmission (mechanics), Female, France, Capra, Research Article, Population, Wildlife, Metapopulation, Animals, Wild, Biology, MESH: Goat Diseases, 010603 evolutionary biology, MESH: Goats, Brucellosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, MESH: Brucellosis, Brucella melitensis, Animals, MESH: Animals, Wild, mathematical modelling, education, capture, targeting, 030304 developmental biology, culling, Goat Diseases, General Veterinary, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, vaccination, MESH: Brucella melitensis, test-and-remove, disease management, heterogeneity
Abstract: The management of infectious diseases in wildlife reservoirs is challenging and faces several limitations. However, detailed knowledge of host–pathogen systems often reveal heterogeneity among the hosts’ contribution to transmission. Management strategies targeting specific classes of individuals and/or areas, having a particular role in transmission, could be more effective and more acceptable than population-wide interventions. In the wild population of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex—a protected species) of the Bargy massif (French Alps), females transmit brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) infection in ~90% of cases, and most transmissions occur in the central spatial units (“core area”). Therefore, we expanded an individual-based model, developed in a previous study, to test whether strategies targeting females or the core area, or both, would be more effective. We simulated the relative efficacy of realistic strategies for the studied population, combining test-and-remove (euthanasia of captured animals with seropositive test results) and partial culling of unmarked animals. Targeting females or the core area was more effective than untargeted management options, and strategies targeting both were even more effective. Interestingly, the number of ibex euthanized and culled in targeted strategies were lower than in untargeted ones, thus decreasing the conservation costs while increasing the sanitary benefits. Although there was no silver bullet for the management of brucellosis in the studied population, targeted strategies offered a wide range of promising refinements to classical sanitary measures. We therefore encourage to look for heterogeneity in other wildlife diseases and to evaluate potential strategies for improving management in terms of efficacy but also acceptability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13567-021-00984-0.
Published: 2021

15. Kakila database: Towards a FAIR community approved database of cetacean presence in the waters of the Guadeloupe Archipelago, based on citizen science

Author: Etienne Jeannesson, Romain David, Nadège Gandilhon, Iwan Le Berre, Laurent Bouveret, Jean-Luc Jung, Pascal Jean Lopez, Julien Sananikone, Yvan Le Bras, Emilie Lerigoleur, Maxime Sèbe, Bénédicte Madon, Elie Arnaud, Eric Foulquier, Lorraine Coché, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Observatoire des Mammiferes Marins de l'Archipel Guadeloupeen (OMMAG), European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA-AISBL), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Sanctuaire Agoa, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulon - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UTLN UFR ScT), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Brest (UBO), The Kakila database exists because volunteers invested their personal time and competences on the study of marine mammals at sea and this over years. We are particularly grateful to Caroline Azzinari (BREACH) and to all the volunteers of the OMMAG NPOs who collated the observation data contained in the Kakila database. We also warmly thank the whale watchers who decided to share their own and precious data and, in particular, Cedric Millon (whale-watching Cétacés Caraïbes), Claire Freriks (Evasion Marine and Guadeloupe Evasion Découverte) and Jean-Pierre Concaud (Guadeloupe Evasion Découverte).Ellen Feunteun (Agoa Sanctuary) effectively helped us analysing the data from the Agoa Sanctuary.This research was funded by the LabEx DRIIHM French programme 'Investissements d’Avenir' (ANR-11-LABX-0010), which is managed by the ANR. It has been awarded in the OHM Littoral Caraïbe 2019 call for proposal. Lorraine Coché was recruited with the support of the Fondation de France, within the framework of the TRAFIC project, laureate of its research programme 'The future of the coastal and sea worlds' (project N° 1940). The last step of the process, the Darwinisation of the Kakila database, was partially funded by the SO-DRIIHM project (ANR-19-DATA-0022) from the Flash call on Open Science.During his ERINHA AISBL involvement, Romain David was supported by the EOSC-Life European Programme under grant agreement N°824087 and ERINHA-Advance European Programme under grant agreement N° 824061.The Kakila database was used as a case study during the ecoinfofair2020 workshop (Concarneau, 19-21 octobre, organised by Yvan Le Bras, PNDB, MNHN). We are grateful to all the workshop participants, who helped in the FAIRisation process of Kakila and, in particular, to Guillaume Body (OFB), Claudia Lavalley (UMR TETIS), Sophie Pamerlon (GBIF) and Sarah Valentin (OFB)., ANR-19-DATA-0022,SO-DRIIHM,Impulser la science ouverte au sein du Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux (DRIIHM) : co-design d'une e-infrastructure intégrant les principes FAIR(2019), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), European Project: 824087,EOSC-Life, European Project: 824061,ERINHA-Advance, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Pôle national de données de Biodiversité (PNDB), Observatoire des Mammiferes Marins de lArchipel Guadeloupeen (OMMAG), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), BREACH NPO, Pôle national de données de biodiversité (PNDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PNDB (Pôle national de données de Biodiversité), Centre de recherche en gestion i3 (i3-CRG), École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, observation, QH301-705.5, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biodiversity, Context (language use), computer.software_genre, OHM Littoral Caraibe, 01 natural sciences, cetaceans, 03 medical and health sciences, Marine mammal, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Marine Biota & Ecosystems, biology.animal, citizen science, French West Indies, Ecology & Environmental sciences, Citizen science, Animalia, 14. Life underwater, Biology (General), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, database, 030304 developmental biology, FAIR, Caribbean, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Ecology, Database, biology, Labex DRIIHM, Whale, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Exclusive economic zone, Data Paper (Biosciences), Mammalia, Zoology & Animal Biology, Archipelago, Marine protected area, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer
Abstract: In the French West Indies, more than 20 species of cetaceans have been observed over the last decades. The recognition of this hot spot of biodiversity of marine mammals observed in the French Exclusive Economic Zone of the West Indies motivated the French government to create in 2010 a marine protected area (MPA) dedicated to the conservation of marine mammals: the Agoa sanctuary. Threats that cetacean populations face are multiple but well-documented. Cetacean conservation can only be achieved if relevant and reliable data are available, starting by occurrence data. In the Guadeloupe archipelago, and in addition to some data collected by the Agoa sanctuary, occurrence data are mainly available through the contribution of citizen science and of local stakeholders (i.e., non-profit organizations (NPO) and whale-watchers). However, no observation network has been coordinated and no standards exist for cetacean presence data collection and management.In recent years, several whale watchers and NPOs regularly collected cetacean observation data around the Guadeloupe archipelago. These observations are highly valuable, often made by experienced observers able to accurately distinguish between species, and some of them were used for scientific targeted studies Stevick et al. 2016, Heenehan et al. 2019, Stevick et al. 2018, Kennedy et al. 2014. Our objective was to gather datasets from three Guadeloupean whale watchers, two NPOs and the Agoa sanctuary, that agreed to share their data. These heterogeneous data went through a careful process of curation and standardization in order to create a new extended database, using a newly designed metadata set. This aggregated dataset contains a total of 4,704 records of 21 species collected in the Guadeloupe Archipelago from 2000 to 2019. The database was called Kakila ("who is there?" in Guadeloupean Creole). The Kakila database was developed following the FAIR principles with the ultimate objective of ensuring sustainability. All these data were transferred into the PNDB repository (Pole National de Données de Biodiversité, Biodiversity French Data Hub, https://www.pndb.fr).In the Agoa sanctuary and surrounding waters, marine mammals have to interact with increasing anthropogenic pressure from growing human activities. In this context, the Kakila database fulfils the need for an organised system to structure marine mammal occurrences collected by multiple local stakeholders with a common objective: contribute to the knowledge and conservation of cetaceans living in the French Antilles waters. Much needed data analysis will enable to identify high cetacean presence areas, to document the presence of rarer species, and to determine areas of possible negative interactions with anthropogenic activities.
Published: 2021

16. Towards unravelling the Rosette agent enigma: Spread and emergence of the co-invasive host-pathogen complex, Pseudorasbora parva-Sphaerothecum destruens

Author: Gozlan Rodolphe Elie, Charrier Amélie, Poulet Nicolas, Chasserieau Céline, Barbey Bruno, Martin Jean-François, Cherif Emira, Gerard Barbara, Laine Manon, Gozlan Zachary, Carrel Georges, Nicolas Delphine, Mirkovic Ivan, Foissy Jean-Michel, Chague Martine, Guillouët Jérôme, Masseboeuf Fabrice, Hérodet Benjamin, Combe Marine, Gilles André, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoires des Pyrénées et des Landes, Fédération de l'Indre pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fédération de Haute-Savoie pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique (FDPPM), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Fédération de Loire-Atlantique pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique, Lycée Joffre, Fédération Nationale de la Pêche en France et de la Protection du Milieu Aquatique, Partenaires INRAE, Fédération de l’ain pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu aquatique, Fédération de la Pêche et de Protection du Milieu aquatique de la Gironde, Fédération des Pyrénées Atlantiques des Associations Agréées pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique, Fédération de seine-Maritime pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu aquatique, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ROSETTA project (AFB-IRD), and ANR-21-SS19-0010,SAPS-IRD,Science avec et pour la société - IRD(2021)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, population genomics, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Cyprinidae, Mesomycetozoea, Sphaerothecum destruens, Population genomics, Fish Diseases, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Biological invasions, aquatic disease emergenc, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Genetic diversity, biology, Host (biology), Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Pseudorasbora parva, Cypriniformes, fungal pathogens, Conservation biology, ZABR
Abstract: International audience; The emergence of non-native fungal pathogens is a growing threat to global health, biodiversity, conservation biology, food security and the global economy. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the spread and emergence of pathogens among invasive and native host populations, as well as genetic analysis of the structure of co-invasive host populations, is crucial in terms of conservation biology and management strategies. Here we com-bined extensive catchment sampling, molecular detection tools and genomic signatures to i) assess the prevalence of the rosette agent Sphaerothecum destruens in invasive and native fish populations in contrasting french regions, and ii) characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of its co-invasive and asymptomatic carrier Pseudorasbora parva. Although S. destruens was not detected in all the fish collected its presence in contrasting freshwater ecosystems suggests that the disease may already be widespread in France. Furthermore, our results show that the detection of S. destruens DNA in its asymptomatic carrier P. parva is still limited. Finally, we found that P. parva populations show a homogeneous genetic and geographical structuring, which raises the possibility of the occurrence of successive introduction events in France from their native and invasive range.
Published: 2021

17. Extending the growth rate hypothesis to species development: Can stoichiometric traits help to explain the composition of macroinvertebrate communities?

Author: Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Miriam Beck, Cédric P. Mondy, Elise Billoir, Michael Danger, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Voltinism, Community structure, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Nutrient, Taxon, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecological stoichiometry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem, Growth rate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Invertebrate
Abstract: Ecological stoichiometry seeks to understand the ecological consequences of elemental imbalances between consumers and their resources. Therein, the well‐accepted growth rate hypothesis (GRH) states that organisms exhibiting rapid growth have higher phosphorus (P) demand – and thus lower C:P and N:P ratios – than slow growing ones, due to a higher allocation to P‐rich rRNA. However, GRH has rarely been extended to other biological traits than growth, especially at the community level. In this study, we investigated whether macroinvertebrate stoichiometric traits (e.g. C:P and N:P ratios) can be linked to their development traits, and whether these stoichiometric traits are related to macroinvertebrate community assemblage under different nutrient conditions. We allocated more than 400 European taxa to different groups, defined using available information about three development‐related traits: ‘life span', ‘voltinism' and ‘number of reproductive cycles per individual'. We sampled 18 invertebrate taxa in six streams exhibiting different levels of nutrient concentration and measured their stoichiometric traits. Further, we quantified invertebrate taxon abundances in these streams during an annual survey. Based on these data, we tested whether community composition regarding the developmental groups differs, depending on nutrient concentration. We found significant differences in the proportions of the developmental groups along a gradient of water N:P, in relation to their stoichiometric traits. Taxa with low C:P and N:P ratios were generally associated with faster development groups, and these taxa tended to occur at higher proportions in streams exhibiting low dissolved N:P ratios. In contrast, communities from P‐poor, high dissolved N:P streams, were dominated by slowly developing taxa with high N:P ratios. Our results highlight that extending the GRH to species development rate might give some insights about the mechanisms by which nutrient concentrations in ecosystems influence consumers' community composition.
Published: 2021

18. Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentrations on 13C Fractionation during Photosynthesis, Post-Photosynthesis and Night Respiration in Mangrove Saplings Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa

Author: Adrien Jacotot, Cyril Marchand, Inès Gayral, Michel Allenbach, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), and This study was supported by the Province Sud of New Caledonia, the City of Mont Dore, KNS360 Koniambo Nickel SAS, Vale NC and the IFRECOR committee. The CRDS analyser was funded by Air Liquide Foundation.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Greenhouses experiment, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Wetland, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Blue carbon, New Caledonia, Respiration, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Mangrove, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Carbon isotopes, Rhizophora stylosa, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Avicennia marina, Elevated CO2 concentrations
Abstract: International audience; Carbon fractionation (Δ 13 C) is well documented for various plants functional types. Yet, specific studies on Δ C on mangroves are particularly rare although they have a key role in coastal carbon (C) cycling. In this study, we investigated the 13 C exchanges between leaves and the atmosphere and between the main plant's organs in two common mangroves species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa subjected to two different CO2 concentrations. Two-years-old saplings were grown in mesocosms during one year under 400 ppm and 800 ppm of CO2. At the end of the experiment, the isotopic value of the night-respired CO2 was measured on six individuals for each species and CO2 treatment. Then, 60 saplings were harvested to measure the organs δ 13 C values, and, finally, carbon fractionation (Δ 13 C) during photosynthesis, post-photosynthesis and apparent Δ 13 C during night respiration were calculated. Results indicated that elevated CO2 reduced Δ 13 C during photosynthesis by 13 % and during night respiration by 20 %. Alongside, within-plant Δ 13 C was twice higher in the saplings grown under elevated CO2 concentrations. These results showed that ongoing and future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations have the potential to modify the δ 13 C values of mangrove trees. These results could have important implications in Blue Carbon sciences, and particularly in the comprehension of future carbon cycling in coastal wetlands, mangroves being an essential link in terrestrial and marine food webs along tropical and subtropical coastlines.
Published: 2021

19. An assessment of the endemic spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes of the French Overseas Territories: towards a better conservation outlook

Author: Claudine Ah-Peng, Guillaume Léotard, Joël Jérémie, Vincent Boullet, Vanessa Invernon, Marc Lebouvier, Sandrine Tercerie, Guillaume Viscardi, Louis Thouvenot, Odile Poncy, Germinal Rouhan, Serge Muller, Carlos Rodrigues-Vaz, Olivier Gargominy, Jean-Yves Meyer, Marc Pignal, Elisabeth Lavocat Bernard, Hervé Chevillotte, Simon Veron, Jérôme Munzinger, Elise Lebreton, Sébastien Leblond, Stephan Robbert Gradstein, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UBO UFR ST), Université de Brest (UBO), Délégation Régionale à la Recherche et à la Technologie en Polynésie Française (DRRT PF), Délégation Régionale à la Recherche et à la Technologie (DRRT), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Conservatoire Botanique de Martinique (CBMq), We thank the Office Français de la Biodiversité (French Agency of Biodiversity) and the Ministère des Outre-mer (French Ministry of Overseas Territories) for funding and supporting this project. Claudine Ah-Peng is grateful for financial support from DEAL Réunion (agreement n°2020-264) to increase knowledge on the endemic bryophytes of Réunion. We are grateful to RECOLNAT national Research Infrastructure (ANR-11-INBS-0004) and especially all contributors to the 'Herbonautes' citizen science program for databasing more than 12,000 Paris herbarium specimens., ANR-11-INBS-0004,E-RECOLNAT,Valorisation de 350 ans de collections d'histoire naturelle : une plateforme numérique(2011), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematics, Flora, Range (biology), Biodiversity, Rubiaceae, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pteridophytes, Endemism, Orchidaceae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Islands, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Bryophytes, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, French Overseas Territories, Checklist, Herbarium, Geography, Threatened species, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; A broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions are represented in the French Overseas Territories, from sub-polar to equatorial, resulting in a high diversity of endemic species. We mobilized data from herbaria, floras, checklists, literature, the expertise of botanists and plant ecologists to compile the most complete dataset on endemic vascular plants and bryophytes in the 15 French Overseas Territories. To date, 3748 spermatophytes (seed plants), 244 pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) and 448 bryophytes are strictly endemic to the overseas territories. New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Réunion harbour the highest numbers of strictly endemic species, yet French Guiana and the French Antilles harbour high numbers of regional endemic species due to their proximity with other territories. The endemic flora of these territories is highly threatened. In particular, 51% of strictly endemic spermatophytes are threatened and many species at risk belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae families. Around 82% and 69% of strict and regional endemic spermatophytes and pteridophytes are found in the Paris herbaria. Only 34% of endemic bryophytes have their label information fully databased so that their total number in Paris herbaria is not known. Databasing the remaining specimens in the collection will greatly enhance future research and conservation projects. To facilitate the use of the information we compiled, we provide a publicly searchable dataset of the checklist. This study not only provides a picture of the flora of French overseas territories; it also identifies gaps in knowledge on which future research efforts in systematics, ecology and conservation could focus.
Published: 2021

20. Catch-effort model used as a management tool in exploited populations: Wild boar as a case study

Author: Olivier Melac, Sonia Saïd, Clément Calenge, Fabrice Girard, Charlette Chandosne, Eric Baubet, Emmanuelle Richard, Pablo Vajas, Marlène Gamelon, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population, Hunting pressure, Sus scrofa, Wildlife, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Hunting season, Wild boar, biology.animal, Catchability, education, Wildlife management tool, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, Fishery, Geography, Habitat, Sustainable management, Scale (social sciences), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Hunting effort
Abstract: International audience; For sustainable management of exploited populations, it is required to have good knowledge on temporal trends in population density to adapt the harvest. In this regard, hunting statistics are often collected routinely by government agencies and associations. These data are used to assess demographic trends through the development of indices, which are in turn used to manage exploited populations in a sustainable way. However, these population indices depend on features of the hunting process (e.g. hunting effort, hunting conditions, probability of catch). In this study, we show how to use hunting logs to assess demographic trends in exploited populations while accounting for the components of the hunting process. In particular, we developed a catch-effort model to study how the hunting effort leads to mortality rate – hunting pressure – within a given habitat type and during a given period. We illustrated the usefulness of this approach using exploited wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations as a case study. We used a large hunting logs dataset to perform our study, with several hundreds of thousands hunting events for more than 10 years in two French departments in France, including information about the number of hunters, of wild boars culled and the date of the hunt. We showed that catchability is a key parameter to assess hunting pressure at a given time and place. This parameter varies both within the hunting season and between habitat types. Once this variation in catchability was accounted for, our catch-effort model allowed us to obtain estimates of relative densities of wild boar populations over the study period at the management unit scale. Thus, catch-effort models are powerful tools to assess population density and to understand the underlying hunting process. Our study offers straightforward and reproducible conceptual framework that can be applied routinely by wildlife managers on exploited populations and practitioners from hunting statistics logs.
Published: 2021

21. Presence of the invasive land flatworm emPlatydemus/em emmanokwari/em (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Martin (French West Indies)

Author: Jessica Thévenot, Julie Vasseur, Mathieu Coulis, Delphine Gey, Jean-Lou Justine, Leigh Winsor, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Systématique Moléculaire (SSM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and James Cook University (JCU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, West Indies, Biogéographie, 010607 zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Antilles, Faune du sol, citizen science, Animals, Platydemus manokwari, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, West indies, Flatworm, Invasive Alien Species, biology, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, new records, SAINT, Biodiversity, Taxonomie, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Platyhelminths, Animal Science and Zoology, Geoplanidae, Biodiversité, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Espèce envahissante, flatworm
Abstract: International audience; The land flatworm Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) is recorded from the islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Martin in the Caribbean arc. Photographs and records were obtained mainly from citizen science and ranged from the end of 2018 to February 2021; several specimens were deposited in the collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France. Thirty records were from Guadeloupe, but only one from Martinique and from Saint Martin, respectively. The COI sequences of 3 specimens from Guadeloupe show that they belong to the World haplotype also found in many countries. We also report P. manokwari from Fort Myers, Florida, USA, with molecular characterization, which was also the World haplotype. This is the first published record of P. manokwari for Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Martin and the second for islands in the Caribbean, after Puerto Rico.; Le Plathelminthe terrestre Platydemus manokwari (Plathelminthes, Geoplanidae) est signalé dans les îles de Guadeloupe, Martinique et Saint Martin dans l'arc caraïbe. Les photographies et les documents ont été obtenus principalement grâce aux sciences participatives et datent de la fin de 2018 à février 2021; plusieurs spécimens ont été déposés dans les collections du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle à Paris, France. Trente signalements provenaient de Guadeloupe, mais un seul a été reçu respectivement de Martinique et de Saint Martin. Les séquences COI de 3 spécimens de Guadeloupe montrent qu'ils appartiennent à l'haplotype mondial également présent dans de nombreux pays. Nous rapportons également P. manokwari de Fort Myers, Floride, USA, avec sa caractérisation moléculaire, qui était également l'haplotype mondial. Il s'agit du premier signalement de P. manokwari publié pour la Guadeloupe, la Martinique et Saint Martin et le deuxième pour les îles des Caraïbes, après Porto Rico.
Published: 2021

22. Maternal effects shape offspring physiological condition but do not senesce in a wild mammal

Author: François Débias, Maryline Pellerin, Louise Cheynel, Benjamin Rey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Erwan Quéméré, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Jeanne Duhayer, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), University of Liverpool, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: life history, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, Forests, eco, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, Immune system, biology.animal, Animals, roe deer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Physiological condition, Deer, Body Weight, Maternal effect, Age Factors, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Ageing, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Maternal Inheritance, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Maternal Age
Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.; International audience; In vertebrates, offspring survival often decreases with increasing maternal age. While many studies have reported a decline in fitness-related traits of offspring with increasing maternal age, the study of senescence in maternal effect through age-specific changes in offspring physiological condition is still at its infancy. We assessed the influence of maternal age and body mass on offspring physiological condition in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental conditions. We measured seven markers to index body condition and characterize the immune profile in 86 fawns which became recently independent of their known-aged mothers. We did not find striking effects of maternal age on offspring physiological condition measured at 8 months of age. This absence of evidence for senescence in maternal effects is likely due to the strong viability selection observed in the very first months of life in this species. Offspring physiological condition was, on the other hand, positively influenced by maternal body mass. Between-population differences in environmental conditions experienced by fawns also influenced their average body condition and immune phenotype. Fawns facing food limitation displayed lower values in some markers of body condition (body mass and haemoglobin levels) than those living in good quality habitat. They also allocated preferentially to humoral immunity, contrary to those living in good conditions, which allocated more to cellular response. These results shed a new light on the eco-physiological pathways mediating the relationship between mother's mass and offspring condition.
Published: 2021

23. Are Grimmia Mosses Good Biomonitors for Urban Atmospheric Metallic Pollution? Preliminary Evidence from a French Case Study on Cadmium

Author: Éric Parent, Caroline Meyer, Bartholomé Vieille, Isabelle Albert, Sébastien Leblond, Florian Couvidat, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, cadmium, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, moss, atmospheric metal in France, 11. Sustainability, Biomonitoring, pollution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Cadmium, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], biology, biomonitor, Grimmia, biology.organism_classification, Moss, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Human exposure, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, CHIMERE
Abstract: International audience; Assessment of human exposure to atmospheric metals is a challenge, and mosses seem to be good biomonitors to help this purpose. Lacking roots, they are easy to collect and analyze. However, to our knowledge, no formal comparison was made between cadmium (Cd) measurements in Grimmia mosses and alternative forecasts of atmospheric Cd pollution as those produced by the CHIMERE chemistry transport model. This work aims at studying this link to improve further biomonitoring. We compare 128 Cd measurements in the cemetery mosses of Paris and Lyon metropolitan areas (France) to CHIMERE Cd atmospheric forecasts. The area to consider around the cemetery for the CHIMERE forecasts has been defined by Kendall rank correlations between both information sources—Cd in mosses and CHIMERE Cd forecasts—from different area sizes. Then, we fit linear models to those two data sets including step-by-step different sources of uncertainty. Finally, we calculate moss predictions to compare predictions and measurements in the two cities. The results show an apparent link between the Cd concentrations in mosses and CHIMERE Cd forecasts including in addition the same unique covariate, the moss support (grave or wall), in the two cities. However, this model cannot be directly transposed from region to region because the strength of the link appears to be regional.
Published: 2021

24. A comment on 'Morphologic and genetic characterization of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy' by Delling et al. (2020): protected Tyrrhenian trouts must be named

Author: Gaël P.J. Denys, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, taxonomie, Sardaigne, Zoology, Corsica, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Biology, Sardinia, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Salmo cettii, taxonomy, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Salmo trutta, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, Corse, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:SH1-691, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, conservation, biology.organism_classification, language.human_language, Trout, Taxon, Threatened species, language, Taxonomy (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Corsican
Abstract: International audience; The introduction of the use of molecular data has caused debates on the taxonomy of Corsican and Sardinian trouts, also referred to as Tyrrhenian trouts (i.e. Salmo trutta, Salmo macrostigma, Salmo cettii). A recent study by Delling et al. (2020) (Morphologic and genetic characterization of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy. Knowl Manage Aquat Ecosyst 421: 21) introduces important evidence regarding the taxonomy of these populations. However, their subsequent denomination as Salmo sp., that is, an undefined taxon, could have serious consequences on their future conservation management plans. Considering their threatened status, the Tyrrhenian trouts should be referred to as Salmo trutta until the ongoing taxonomic uncertainty can be unambiguously resolved. These populations must then be treated as an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) or as an Operational Conservation Unit (OCU) for further conservation managements plans, as already done for other Mediterranean trout lineages.; La taxonomie des truites corses et sardes, également appelées truites tyrrhéniennes (i.e. Salmo trutta, Salmo macrostigma, Salmo cettii) a fait l'objet de débats depuis l'utilisation des premières données moléculaires. Une étude récente de Delling et al. (2020) (Morphologic and genetic characterization of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy. Knowl Manage Aquat Ecosyst 421: 21) a présenté des éléments importants sur la taxonomie de ces populations. Cependant, leur dénomination comme Salmo sp. – i.e. espèce non déterminée − qui s'ensuivit, pourrait avoir de graves conséquences en terme de gestion future de la conservation de ces populations. Compte tenu de leur statut menacé, les truites tyrrhéniennes devraient être appelées Salmo trutta jusqu'à ce que l'incertitude taxonomique actuelle puisse être résolue sans ambiguïté. Ces populations doivent ensuite être traitées comme une Unité Évolutive Importante (ESU) ou comme une Unité Opérationnelle de Conservation (OCU) pour les futures gestions de conservation, comme c'est déjà le cas pour d'autres lignées de truites méditerranéennes.
Published: 2021

25. Human impacts on global freshwater fish biodiversity

Author: Guohuan Su, Sébastien Villéger, Shengli Tao, Jun Xu, Maxime Logez, Sébastien Brosse, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pôle Écla - écosystèmes lacustres (ECLA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Wuhan University of Science and Technology, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Index (economics), human impact, Climate, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Goods and services, Rivers, Animals, Humans, Human Activities, 14. Life underwater, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fishes, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Geography, 13. Climate action, freshwater fish, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Freshwater fish
Abstract: No waters left untouched We are increasingly aware of human impacts on biodiversity across our planet, especially in terrestrial and marine systems. We know less about fresh waters, including large rivers. Su et al. looked across such systems globally, focusing on several key measures of fish biodiversity. They found that half of all river systems have been heavily affected by human activities, with only very large tropical river basins receiving the lowest levels of change. Fragmentation and non-native species have also led to the homogenization of rivers, with many now containing similar species and fewer specialized lineages. Science , this issue p. 835
Published: 2021

26. A Systematic Review of Within-Population Variation in the Size of Home Range Across Ungulates: What Do We Know After 50 Years of Telemetry Studies?

Author: Victor Ronget, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Glenn Yannic, Kamal Atmeh, Nicolas Morellet, Juliette Seigle-Ferrand, Mathieu Garel, Anne Loison, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Éco-Anthropologie (EA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ungulate, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, lcsh:Evolution, habitat, life history trait, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Empirical research, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, ungulate, education, landscape structure, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, complementary resource, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, body mass, Geography, Sample size determination, Evolutionary ecology, lcsh:Ecology, landscape heterogeneity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, diet, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Studying the factors determining the sizes of home ranges, based on body mass, feeding style, and sociality level, is a long-standing goal at the intersection of ecology and evolution. Yet, how species-specific life history traits interact with different components of the landscape to shape differences in individual home ranges at within-population level has received much less attention. Here, we review the empirical literature on ungulates to map our knowledge of the relative effects of the key environmental drivers (resource availability, landscape heterogeneity, lethal and non-lethal risks) on the sizes of individual home ranges within a population and assess whether species' characteristics (body mass, diet, and social structure), account for observed variation in the responses of the sizes of individual home ranges to local environmental drivers. Estimating the sizes of home ranges and measuring environmental variables raise a number of methodological issues, which complicate the comparison of empirical studies. Still, from an ecological point of view, we showed that (1) a majority of papers (75%) supported the habitat productivity hypothesis, (2) the support for the influence of landscape heterogeneity was less pervasive across studies, (3) the response of cattle-type to variation in food availability was stronger than the response of moose-type, and (4) species-specific body mass or sociality level had no detectable effect on the level of support to the biological hypotheses. To our surprise, our systematic review revealed a dearth of studies focusing on the ecological drivers of the variation in the sizes of individual home ranges (only about 1% of articles that dealt with home ranges), especially in the later decade where more focus has been devoted to movement. We encourage researchers to continue providing such results with sufficient sample sizes and robust methodologies, as we still need to fully understand the link between environmental drivers and individual space use while accounting for life-history constraints.
Published: 2021

27. Short-term telomere dynamics is associated with glucocorticoid levels in wild populations of roe deer

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Maryline Pellerin, Corinne Régis, Benjamin Rey, Jeanne Duhayer, Hannah Froy, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeffrey Carbillet, Rachael V. Wilbourn, Louise Cheynel, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Hélène Verheyden, François Débias, Daniel H. Nussey, Sarah L. Underwood, Rupert Palme, A. J. Mark Hewison, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Institute of Evolutionary Biology [Edinburgh], School of Biological Sciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK., Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), BBSRC grant no. (BB/ L020769/1), OFB staff, ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK], University of Liverpool, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) : grant no. (BB/L020769/1), and Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Subjects: Male, life history, 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Aging, senescence, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, capreolus capreolus, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, Stress, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Environmental stress, stress, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, Life-history, Life history, Glucocorticoids, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, Deer, aging, Stressor, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; While evidence that telomere length is associated with health and mortality in humans and birds is accumulating, a large body of research is currently seeking to identify factors that modulate telomere dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that high levels of glucocorticoids in individuals under environmental stress should accelerate telomere shortening in two wild populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in different ecological contexts. From two consecutive annual sampling sessions, we found that individuals with faster rates of telomere shortening had higher concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, suggesting a functional link between glucocorticoid levels and telomere attrition rate. This relationship was consistent for both sexes and populations. This finding paves the way for further studies of the fitness consequences of exposure to environmental stressors in wild vertebrates.
Published: 2021

28. The dynamics of spawning acts by a semelparous fish and its associated energetic costs

Author: Jean-Christophe Aymes, Amandine Tauzin, Colin Bouchard, Jacques Rives, Frédéric Lange, Anaïs Bernardin, Charlotte Récapet, Cédric Tentelier, pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Adour-Garonne Water Agency, French region Nouvelle Aquitaine, French Office for Biodiversity (Pôle MIAME), and Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, slimming, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, egg retention, spawning, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, food, biologging, alosa alosa, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, energy expenditure, Seasonal breeder, clupeid, Allis shad, reproductive effort, 14. Life underwater, Stock (geology), Semelparity and iteroparity, Alosa, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], temperature, Energy budget, biology.organism_classification, Fecundity, Spawn (biology), Fishery, Accelerometer, semelparity, energy budget, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paternal care
Abstract: During the reproductive season, animals have to manage both their energetic budget and gamete stock. In particular, for semelparous capital breeders with determinate fecundity and no parental care other than gametic investment, the depletion of energetic stock must match the depletion of gametic stock, so that individuals get exhausted just after their last egg is laid and fertilized. Although these budgets are managed continuously, monitoring the dynamics of mating acts and energy expenditure at a fine temporal scale in the wild is challenging.This study aimed to quantify the individual dynamics of spawning acts and the concomitant energy expenditure of female Allis shad (Alosa alosa) throughout their mating season.Using eight individual-borne accelerometers for one month, we collected tri-axial acceleration, temperature, and pressure data that we analysed to i) detect the timing of spawning acts, ii) estimate energy expenditure from tail beat frequency and water temperature, and iii) monitor changes in body roundness from the position of the dorsally-mounted tag relative to the vertical plane.Female shad had a higher probability to spawn during warmer nights, and their spawning acts were synchronized (both individually and inter-individually) within each active night. They experienced warmer temperature, remained deeper, swan more slowly and spent less energy during daytime than night time. Over one month of spawning, they performed on average 15.75 spawning acts, spent on average 6 277 kJ and died with a significant portion of residual oocytes. The acceleration-based indicator of body roundness was correlated to condition coefficient measured at capture, and globally decreased through the spawning season, although the indicator was noisy and was not correlated to changes in estimated energy expenditure.Despite significant individual variability, our results indicate that female shad exhausted their energetic stock faster than their egg stock. Water warming will increase the rate of energy expenditure, which might increase the risk that shad die with a large stock of unspent eggs. Although perfectible, the three complementary analyses of acceleration data are promising for in situ monitoring of energy expenditure related to specific behaviour.
Published: 2021

29. Local flexibility in feeding behaviour and contrasting microhabitat use of an omnivore across latitudes

Author: Dominique Davoult, João N. Franco, Thomas Wernberg, Hartvig Christie, Morten Foldager Pedersen, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Thibaut de Bettignies, Jean-Charles Leclerc, Florian de Bettignies, Cédric Leroux, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Roskilde University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Echinus esculentus, Food Chain, Opportunism, Foraging, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Animals, Laminaria hyperborea, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Trophic level, Ecology, Norway, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Food web, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Kelp forest, 13. Climate action, Ectotherm, Sea Urchins, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trophic plasticity, Omnivore, France, Urchin grazing
Abstract: Funding Funding for this work was provided by the Australian Research Council (TW: FT110100174, TW, KFD: DP190100058), the University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Awards (TW, TdB, JCL, DD, JNF, HC), the France-Australia Science Innovation Collaboration 2014 program (TdB, TW, JCL, DD), Metabomer and Corsaire Core Facility (CL), the French Government run by the National Research Agency with regards to the investment expenditure programme IDEALG ANR-10-BTBR-04 (JCL, DD) and the Norwegian Research Council (TW, MFP, KFD, KELPEX 255085/E40). As the environment is getting warmer and species are redistributed, consumers can be forced to adjust their interactions with available prey, and this could have cascading effects within food webs. To better understand the capacity for foraging flexibility, our study aimed to determine the diet variability of an ectotherm omnivore inhabiting kelp forests, the sea urchin Echinus esculentus, along its entire latitudinal distribution in the northeast Atlantic. Using a combination of gut content and stable isotope analyses, we determined the diet and trophic position of sea urchins at sites in Portugal (42° N), France (49° N), southern Norway (63° N), and northern Norway (70° N), and related these results to the local abundance and distribution of putative food items. With mean estimated trophic levels ranging from 2.4 to 4.6, omnivory and diet varied substantially within and between sites but not across latitudes. Diet composition generally reflected prey availability within epiphyte or understorey assemblages, with local affinities demonstrating that the sea urchin adjusts its foraging to match the small-scale distribution of food items. A net “preference” for epiphytic food sources was found in northern Norway, where understorey food was limited compared to other regions. We conclude that diet change may occur in response to food source redistribution at multiple spatial scales (microhabitats, sites, regions). Across these scales, the way that key consumers alter their foraging in response to food availability can have important implication for food web dynamics and ecosystem functions along current and future environmental gradients. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021

30. Many lifetime growth trajectories for a single mammal

Author: Lara Veylit, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Marlène Gamelon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Eric Baubet, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gompertz function, Population, Sus scrofa, Zoology, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, monomolecular, Wild boar, biology.animal, body growth, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, education, development, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Research Articles, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Mating system, logistic, Sexual dimorphism, Altricial, Cohort effect, Gompertz
Abstract: Despite their importance in shaping life history tactics and population dynamics, individual growth trajectories have only been rarely explored in the wild because their analysis requires multiple measurements of individuals throughout their lifetime and some knowledge of age, a key timer of body growth. The availability of long‐term longitudinal studies of two wild boar populations subjected to contrasting environments (rich vs. poor) provided an opportunity to analyze individual growth trajectories. We quantified wild boar growth trajectories at both the population and the individual levels using standard growth models (i.e., Gompertz, logistic, and monomolecular models) that encompass the expected range of growth shapes in determinate growers. Wild boar is a rather altricial species, with a polygynous mating system and is strongly sexually dimorphic in size. According to current theories of life history evolution, we thus expect wild boar to display a sex‐specific Gompertz type growth trajectory and lower sexual size dimorphism in the poorer environment. While wild boar displayed the expected Gompertz type trajectory in the rich site at the population level, we found some evidence for potential differences in growth shapes between populations and individuals. Asymptotic body mass, growth rate and timing of maximum growth rate differed as well, which indicates a high flexibility of growth in wild boar. We also found a cohort effect on asymptotic body mass, which suggests that environmental conditions early in life shape body mass at adulthood in this species. Our findings demonstrate that body growth trajectories in wild boar are highly diverse in relation to differences of environmental context, sex and year of birth. Whether the intermediate ranking of wild boar along the precocial–altricial continuum of development at birth may explain the ability of this species to exhibit this high diversity of growth patterns remains to be investigated., There is a relative rarity of long‐term studies documenting lifetime body growth trajectories. Using long‐term longitudinal data on two wild boar populations subjected to contrasting environments (rich vs. poor), we demonstrate body growth trajectories in wild boar are context‐, sex‐, and cohort‐specific, differing between populations and among individuals within a population. These findings are novel as they demonstrate that it may be difficult to generalize the shape of a species’ body growth trajectory.
Published: 2021

31. Revalidation of the Spanish stone loach Barbatula hispanica (Lelek, 1987) (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae) according to morphological and mitochondrial data

Author: Henri Persat, Camille Gauliard, Agnès Dettai, Silvia Perea, Ignacio Doadrio, Gaël P.J. Denys, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Société Française d'Ichtyologie (SFI), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (France), Office français de la biodiversité (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Nemacheilidae, Stone loach, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MtDNA, Zoology, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular marker, Environmental DNA, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Teleostei, Barbatula hispanica, biology, biology.organism_classification, Adour, chemistry, Spain, Barbatula, Taxonomy (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: This study revalidates Barbatula hispanica, previously considered a junior synonym of B. quignardi. This species is found in the Ebro drainage and in Cantabria (Spain) as well as in the Adour drainage (Southwestern France). It is characterized by an upper lip with a well-marked medial incision and an interorbital width 18.5–33.7% of the HL. The species delineation is corroborated by the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 molecular marker. We provide the sequence of 12S rDNA (950 bp) as reference for environmental DNA studies, and discuss also the taxonomy of B. quignardi which would be restricted to the Lez River., This work was supported by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, the UMS PatriNat 2006, the UMR BOREA 8067, the UMR ISYEB 7205 and the Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB).
Published: 2021

32. Distribution and abundance of common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) over the French Mediterranean continental shelf

Author: Cathy Cesarini, Benjamin Guichard, Nathalie Di-Méglio, Julie Jourdan, Nicolas Tomasi, Marine Roul, Maxime Barbier, Caroline Azzinari, Valentin Lauret, Frank Dhermain, Léa David, Nicolas Robert, Boris Daniel, Olivier Gimenez, Hélène Labach, Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique pour les Mammifères Marins de Méditerranée, Partenaires INRAE, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), EcoOcéan Institut [France], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, French Mediterranean Sea, bottlenose dolphin, capture-recapture, Distribution (economics), Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mark and recapture, Abundance, Abundance (ecology), Photo identification, distribution, 14. Life underwater, photo-identification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bottlenose dolphin, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Oceanography, Tursiops truncatus, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) subpopulation in the Mediterranean is listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This species is strictly protected in France and the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) is required under the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). However, little information is available about the structure and dynamics of bottlenose dolphins in French Mediterranean waters. We collected photo-identification data over the whole French Mediterranean continental shelf year-round between 2013 and 2015. We sighted 151 groups of bottlenose dolphins allowing the individual photo-identification of 766 animals. The encounter rate distribution showed the presence of bottlenose dolphins over the whole continental shelf year-round. We estimated for the first time, using capture-recapture methods, the size of this bottlenose dolphin population at 2,350 individuals, 95% credible interval [1,827, 3,135]. Our results were used in support of the designation of a new dedicated SAC in the Gulf of Lion and provide a baseline for the bottlenose dolphin monitoring in the French Mediterranean waters in the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Published: 2021

33. DNA methylation as a tool to explore ageing in wild roe deer populations

Author: Sylvia Pardonnet, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeanne Duhayer, François Débias, Amin Haghani, Joseph A. Zoller, Caesar Z. Li, Corinne Régis, Maryline Pellerin, Steve Horvath, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Benjamin Rey, Jean-François Lemaître, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Fielding School of Public Health, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Epigenomics, Male, Aging, senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], growth, sex differences in lifespan, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Animals, Epigenetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Deer, life-history, dNaM, Methylation, DNA Methylation, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, DNA methylation, Female, epigenetic clock, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; DNA methylation-based biomarkers of ageing (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights into evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic ageing effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long-term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chizé and Trois-Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts, to investigate the relationship between chronological age and levels of DNA methylation (DNAm). We generated novel DNA methylation data from n = 94 blood samples, from which we extracted leucocyte DNA, using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We present three DNA methylation-based estimators of age (DNAm or epigenetic age), which were trained in males, females, and both sexes combined. We investigated how sex differences influenced the relationship between DNAm age and chronological age using sex-specific epigenetic clocks. Our results highlight that old females may display a lower degree of biological ageing than males. Further, we identify the main sites of epigenetic alteration that have distinct ageing patterns between the two sexes. These findings open the door to promising avenues of research at the crossroads of evolutionary biology and biogerontology
Published: 2021

34. A standardised biologging approach to infer parturition: An application in large herbivores across the hider‐follower continuum

Author: A. J. M. Hewison, Nicolas Morellet, Christian Itty, Bruno Cargnelutti, Pascal Marchand, Mathieu Garel, Laura Benoit, Yannick Chaval, Anne Loison, Elodie Petit, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, random forests, Herbivore, Continuum (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, activity, GPS, habitat use, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, reproduction, machine learning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, accelerometry, Statistical physics, movements, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; 1. The timing of birth has a predominant influence on both the reproductive success of the mother and the life-history trajectory of her offspring. Because early growth and survival are key drivers of population dynamics, there is an urgent need to understand how global change is affecting reproductive phenology and performance. However, identifying when and where birth occurs is often difficult in the wild due to the cryptic behaviour of females around parturition, although this information may also help managers to protect reproductive females and newborn against human disturbance. While several approaches to identify parturition based on movement metrics derived from GPS monitoring have previously been proposed, their performance has not been evaluated over a range of species with contrasted movement characteristics.2. Here, we present a novel approach to detect parturition by combining data on animal movements, activity rate and habitat use. Using machine learning approaches, we evaluated the relative and combined performance of each category of metrics in predicting parturition for three large herbivores with contrasted life histories: a hider-type species, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus and two follower-type species, the Mediterranean mouflon Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp. and the Alpine ibex Capra ibex.3. We first showed that detection of parturition was much improved when birth-related modifications in the habitat use and activity rate of the mother were considered, rather than relying on movement metrics only. We then demonstrated that our approach was highly successful (76%-100% of events correctly identified) in detecting parturition in both follower and hider species. Furthermore, our approach generated estimates for peak birth date and the proportion of parturient females that were comparable with those based on direct observations at the population scale. Finally, our approach outperformed the most commonly employed methods in the literature which generally failed to identify non-reproductive females for the three studied species, and provided birth timing estimates that only poorly match the true parturition date.4. We suggest that by combining sources of information, we have developed a standardised methodological approach for inferring parturition in the wild, not only for large herbivores but also for any species where parturition induces marked behavioural changes in the mother.
Published: 2021

35. Not just honeybees: predatory habits of Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in France

Author: Adrien Perrard, Franck Muller, Adrien Quilès, Claire Villemant, Quentin Rome, Colin Fontaine, Dario Zuccon, Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Vespa velutina, invasive alien species, honeybees, biology, Vespidae, Zoology, Hymenoptera, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Insect Science, predation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Alien species, diet, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, yellow-legged hornet, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the impact of a predatory invasive alien species requires data on its diet. Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, is a notorious bee-hawking hornet accidentally introduced in France before 2004 which spread across the European continent. Despite numerous studies and the impact on beekeeping activities, there are very few data on the diet of this species in its invaded range in Europe. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied sixteen nests in Southwest of France between 2008 and 2010. Using a combination of morphological and barcoding approaches, we identified 2151 prey pellets showing that V. velutina acts as a generalist predator, preying on honeybees (38.1 %), flies (29.9 %) and social wasps (19.7 %), as well as a wide spectrum of animal organisms (no less than 159 species identified). The prey spectrum is influenced by the nest surroundings, urban colonies preying more on honeybees and forest ones preying more on social wasps. The predation intensity reaches its peak in early October. By comparing the dry weight of prey pellets to that of V. velutina larvae and considering the colony dynamics, we estimated that a single hornet nest can consume on average 11.32 kg of insect biomass in one season. Overall, our results suggest that V. velutina is a generalist opportunistic predator targeting mostly locally abundant prey. While the species may have an impact on honeybees, its generalist, opportunistic behaviour on abundant insects suggests a minor impact on wild species. Instead, attempts to manage this species using non-selective traps have a much greater impact on wild and domesticated entomofauna than the hornet itself.; Pour comprendre l’impact d’une espèce prédatrice exotique et envahissante, il faut disposer de données sur son régime alimentaire. Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 est un prédateur bien connu des abeilles domestiques, accidentellement introduit en France avant 2004 et qui colonise, depuis, le continent européen. Malgré de nombreuses études et son impact reconnu sur les activités apicoles, il existe très peu de données sur son régime alimentaire dans les régions envahies d’Europe. Pour combler cette lacune, nous avons suivi seize nids dans le sud-ouest de la France entre 2008 et 2010. En combinant des approches morphologiques et moléculaires (barcode), nous avons identifié 2151 boulettes de proies et démontré que V. velutina se comporte comme un prédateur généraliste, chassant des abeilles domestiques (38.1 %), des mouches (29.9 %) et des guêpes sociales (19.7 %), ainsi qu’un large spectre d’autres animaux (pas moins de 159 espèces identifiées). Le spectre de proies varie selon l’environnement du nid ; les colonies urbaines chassant plus d’abeilles domestiques et les forestières plus de guêpes sociales. L’intensité de la prédation atteint son maximum début octobre. En comparant le poids sec des boulettes de proies avec celui des larves de V. velutina et en tenant compte de la dynamique de la colonie, nous avons estimé qu’une seule colonie de frelon pouvait consommer en moyenne 11,32 kg de biomasse d’insectes en une saison. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent que V. velutina est un prédateur opportuniste, ciblant surtout les proies localement abondantes. Bien que cette espèce puisse avoir un impact sur les abeilles domestiques, son comportement généraliste et opportuniste sur les insectes abondants suggère un impact limité sur les espèces sauvages. Alors que, par ailleurs, les tentatives de gestion de cette espèce à l’aide de pièges non sélectifs ont un impact beaucoup plus important sur l’entomofaune sauvage et domestiquée que le frelon lui-même.
Published: 2021

36. Efficient use of harvest data: a size-class-structured integrated population model for exploited populations

Author: Chloé R. Nater, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Olivier Gimenez, Jean-Dominique Lebreton, Laura Touzot, Eric Baubet, Aurélien Besnard, Marlène Gamelon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, hunting, Population, Fishing, Sus scrofa, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Abundance (ecology), education, harvest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, exploited populations, Class (computer programming), education.field_of_study, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population size, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, monitoring, Population model, Sustainable management, Early maturation, integrated population model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, size-class-structured population model, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Many animal populations are subject to hunting or fishing in the wild. Detailed knowledge of demographic parameters (e.g. survival, reproduction) and temporal dynamics of such populations is crucial for sustainable management. Despite their relevance for management decisions, structure and size of exploited populations are often not known, and data limited. Recently, joint analysis of different types of demographic data, such as population counts, reproductive data and capture-mark-recapture data, within integrated population models (IPMs) has gained much popularity as it may allow estimating population size and structure, as well as key demographic rates, while fully accounting for uncertainty. IPMs built so far for exploited populations have typically been built as age-structured population models. However, the age of harvested individuals is usually difficult and/or costly to assess and therefore often not available. Here, we introduce an IPM structured by body size classes, which allows making efficient use of data commonly available in exploited populations for which accurate information on age is often missing. The model jointly analyzes size-at-harvest data, capture-mark-recapture-recovery data and reproduction data from necropsies, and we illustrate its applicability in a case study involving heavily hunted wild boar. This species has increased in abundance over the last decades despite intense harvest, and the IPM analysis provides insights into the roles of natural mortality, body growth, maturation schedules and reproductive output in compensating for the loss of individuals to hunting. Early maturation and high reproductive output contributed to wild boar population persistence despite a strong hunting pressure. We thus demonstrate the potential of size-class-structured IPMs as tools to investigate the dynamics of exploited populations with limited information on age, and highlight both the applicability of this framework to other species and its potential for follow-up analyses highly relevant to management.
Published: 2021

37. Global systematic diversity, range distributions, conservation and taxonomic assessments of graylings (Teleostei: Salmonidae; Thymallus spp.)

Author: Eric B. Taylor, Henri Persat, Gernot K. Englmaier, Steven Weiss, Gaël P.J. Denys, Elsa Froufe, Alexander S. Antonov, Christoph Hahn, Duarte V. Gonçalves, André Gomes-dos-Santos, Giulia Secci-Petretto, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Société Française d'Ichtyologie (SFI), Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), University of Graz, Universidade do Porto, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Time-calibrated phylogeny, Range (biology), Biodiversity, Endangered species, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grayling, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Data deficient, Conservation assessment, Ecology, Species diversity, biology.organism_classification, Thymallus, Siberian biogeography, Mitogenome phylogeny, 030104 developmental biology, Conservation status, Biological dispersal, Species delineation
Abstract: Graylings (Thymallus) are among the less well-studied groups of salmonid fishes, especially across their Asian distribution range. Here we perform a comprehensive global review of their phylogeography, systematic diversity and range distributions, including biogeographic reconstruction and assessment of both conservation and taxonomic status of each species. Based on a mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis, three approaches to the delineation of molecular operational units, and evaluation of 15 a-priori defined species, we provide biological support for the recognition of 13 grayling species, plus two additional species tentatively. Several instances of paraphyly and its potential effect on systematic inferences are discussed. Overall, the genus displays increasing species diversity and decreasing range size from higher to lower latitudes and ancestral trait reconstruction supports an East Asian origin for extant diversity, most likely centred in the Amur River drainage. Europe’s colonization by Thymallus took place as early as the late Miocene, at least two colonisations of North America are supported, and multiple dispersal events likely took place into Western Siberia. The conservation status for the 15 taxa was estimated to be: 6 least concern, 1 near-threatened, 2 vulnerable, 3 endangered and 3 data deficient.
Published: 2021

38. First report in France of Caenoplana decolorata , a recently described species of alien terrestrial flatworm (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae)

Author: Delphine Gey, Jessica Thévenot, Jean-Lou Justine, Gouraud C, Leigh Winsor, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Acquisition et Analyse de Données pour l'Histoire naturelle (2AD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), GRoupe d'ÉTude des Invertébrés Armoricains (GRETIA), and James Cook University (JCU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Caenoplana, 0303 health sciences, Flatworm, food.ingredient, biology, Zoology, Morphology (biology), Alien, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, food, Sibling species, Geoplanidae, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Alien land flatworms (family Geoplanidae) are invading many countries in the world. Some can easily be identified by their morphology and colour pattern, but some are more cryptic and necessitate a molecular approach. Caenoplana decolorata Mateos et al., 2020 was recently described, from specimens found in Spain, as a sibling species to C. coerulea Moseley, 1877. We found that one specimen collected in Nantes, France in 2014 had a 100% identity of its COI sequence with one specimen of the original description of C. decolorata, and thus we record here the species for the first time in France.
Published: 2020

39. Cyprus' diatom diversity and the association of environmental and anthropogenic influences for ecological assessment of rivers using DNA metabarcoding

Author: Andreas Christou, Panayiota Pissaridou, Agnès Bouchez, Katerina Drakou, Valentin Vasselon, Teofana Chonova, Athina Papatheodoulou, Gerald Dörflinger, Iakovos Tziortzis, Frédéric Rimet, Marlen I. Vasquez, Cyprus University of Technology, Pôle Écla - écosystèmes lacustres (ECLA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environmental and Water Consultancy, WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT CYPRUS CYP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)CA15219Cyprus University of TechnologyUMR CARRTEL - INRAE (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment)I.A.CO Environmental & Water Consultants Ltd.WDD15/2017
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Intermittent, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, DNA metabarcoding, Rivers, Biomonitoring, Environmental Chemistry, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Humans, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, Land use, biology, Ecology, Multiple pressure, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Ecological assessment, Diatom, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Perennial, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cyprus, Environmental science, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Natural Sciences, Bioindicator, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Human activities are the leading cause of environmental impairments. Appropriate biomonitoring of ecosystems is needed to assess these activities effectively. In freshwater ecosystems, periphytic and epilithic biofilms have diatom assemblages. These assemblages respond rapidly to environmental changes, making diatoms valuable bioindicators. For this reason, freshwater biomonitoring programs are currently using diatoms (e.g., Water Framework Directive). In the past ten years, DNA metabarcoding coupled with next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics represents a complementary approach for diatom biomonitoring. In this study, this approach is used for the first time in Cyprus by considering the association of environmental and anthropogenic pressures to diatom assemblages. Statistical analysis was then applied to identify the environmental (i.e., river types, geo-morphological) and anthropogenic (i.e., physicochemical, human land-use pressures) variables' role in the observed diatom diversity. Results indicate differences in diatom assemblages between intermittent and perennial rivers. Achnanthidium minutissimum was more abundant in intermittent rivers; whereas Amphora pediculus and Planothidium caputium in perennial ones. Additionally, we could demonstrate the correlation between nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus), stations' local characteristics (e.g., elevation), and land use activities on the observed differences in diatom diversity. Finally, we conclude that multi-stressors and anthropogenic pressures together as multiple stressors have a significant statistical relationship to the observed diatom diversity and play a pivotal role in determining Cyprus' rivers' ecological status.
Published: 2020

40. When survival matters: is decreasing survival underlying the decline of common pochard in western Europe?

Author: Jacques Laesser, Maurice E. Durham, Josef Hofer, Alain Caizergues, Guillaume Souchay, Benjamin Folliot, Richard Hearn, Christophe Sorin, Jocelyn Champagnon, Matthieu Guillemain, Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, multistate models, recoveries, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, s sex ratio, Age and sex, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, survival, 010605 ornithology, Predation, Waterfowl, Juvenile, CMR, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biology, Age differences, Population size, sex ratio, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, waterfow, recoverie, Western europe, waterfowl, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sex ratio, Demography
Abstract: International audience; In western Europe, common pochard populations have experienced a sharp decline over the last two decades, together with an increasing proportion of males. Both of these changes were suggested to result from decreasing survival of nesting females (i.e. survival of adult females) owing to increasing predation pressure. To test this hypothesis, we used capture–mark–recapture/recovery data of common pochard ringed during autumn–winter (October–February) in three countries of western Europe (Switzerland, United Kingdom and France). We found no evidence for decreasing survival of individuals ringed in the United Kingdom or in Switzerland over the long term (1977–2011). In France, adult males and juvenile females experienced significant decreasing survival over a shorter interval (2004–2017). Overall, females displayed lower survival than males, although this was only weakly supported by the French dataset. In contrast, only sex differences and no age differences in survival rates were recorded in the UK and Switzerland (females 0.67 ± 0.03 and 0.69 ± 0.03; males: 0.81 ± 0.01 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively), while both age and sex differences were recorded for France (adult females 0.62 ± 0.07, adult males 0.66 ± 0.07, juvenile females 0.49 ± 0.08, juvenile males 0.54 ± 0.08). Therefore, decreasing survival of adult females was unlikely the underlying cause of the decline of common pochard populations in western Europe. Using an age-structured two-sex matrix population model, we show that when adult males experience higher survival than adult females (as it is the case for common pochards), decreasing survival of nests and/or juveniles can trigger decreasing population size and increasing proportions of males at the same time.
Published: 2020

41. Exclusion in the field: wild brown skuas find hidden food in the absence of visual information

Author: Anna P Nesterova, Francesco Bonadonna, Samara Danel, Jules Chiffard-Carricaburu, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FaunaStats, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Charadriiformes, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Context (language use), inferential reasoning, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Reward, exclusion performance, Convergent evolution, biology.animal, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Problem Solving, cups task, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Field (Bourdieu), 05 social sciences, Flexibility (personality), Cognition, biology.organism_classification, Food, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Seabird, Cues, Psychology, avian cognition, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Inferential reasoning by exclusion allows responding adaptively to various environmental stimuli when confronted with inconsistent or partial information. In the experimental context, this mechanism allows selecting correctly between an empty option and a potentially rewarded one. Recently, the increasing reports of this capacity in phylogenetically distant species have led to the assumption that reasoning by exclusion is the result of convergent evolution. Within one largely unstudied avian order, i.e. the Charadriiformes, brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica ssp lonnbergi) are highly flexible and opportunistic predators. Behavioural flexibility, along with specific aspects of skuas' feeding ecology, may act as influencing factors in their ability to show exclusion performance. Our study aims to test whether skuas are able to make choice by exclusion in a visual two-way object-choice task. Twenty-six wild birds were presented with two opaque cups, one covering a food reward. Three conditions were used: 'full information' (showing the content of both cups), 'exclusion' (showing the content of the empty cup), and 'control' (not showing any content). Skuas preferentially selected the rewarded cup in the full information and exclusion condition. The use of olfactory cues was excluded by results in the control condition. Our study highlights the cognitive potential of this predatory seabird and opens new investigations for testing further its cognition in the wild.
Published: 2020

42. How does oak mast seeding affect the feeding behavior of sympatric red and roe deer?

Author: Vincent Boulanger, Julien Barrere, Sonia Saïd, Catherine Collet, Vivien Siat, Emily Walker, Laurence Henry, AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Office National des Forêts (ONF), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fructification, Resource pulse, Zoology, Cervus elaphus, Acorn, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Quercus, Capreolus, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, biology.animal, Ecosystem, Mast (botany), Mast seeding, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Forest dynamics, Deer, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Roe deer, Sympatric speciation, Capreolus capreolus, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Oak reproduction is characterized by mast seeding with high inter-annual fluctuations in fruit production. Such resource pulses can greatly affect ecosystem functioning and may cause seed consumers to alter their mobility, demography, or diet. Consequences of mast seeding for seed consumers remain poorly understood as their long timescale makes them difficult to study. We investigated impacts of oak mast seeding on the feeding behavior of two sympatric European deer species: red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). We analyzed their rumen content over a 31-year period in tandem with 10 years of data on oak fructification (i.e. 8 years of field monitoring and two modelled years). Acorn production is strongly correlated with consumption by both deer species. In years of high fructification, acorns represent more than 50% and 35% of red and roe deer diet, respectively, confirming assumptions that deer favor acorns when these are available. Red deer eat more acorns than roe deer both between and within years. High acorn production in mast years appears to saturate the capacity of deer to consume acorns. As the proportion of acorns increase in their diet, red deer eat more grasses and less conifer browse. No dietary shift was found for roe deer. By inducing dietary shifts in consumers, oak mast seeding can have cascading effects on ecosystem processes, notably on the damages on conifers caused by red deer and the consequences for forest dynamics.
Published: 2020

43. Individual and group characteristics affecting nest building in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L. 1758)

Author: Mathieu Buoro, Jacques Rives, Marius Dhamelincourt, Stellia Sebihi, Cédric Tentelier, Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Pôle Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins dans leur Environnement, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Energy reserves, Individuality, Zoology, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, Nest, Species Specificity, Seasonal breeder, mating system, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Petromyzon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, nest, reproductive strategy, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lamprey, Reproduction, behavioural ecology, petromyzon marinus, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, biology.organism_classification, Mating system, Sexual selection, population management, Female, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sex ratio, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Nest building relates to reproductive effort, sexual selection, intersexual conflict and cooperation and may be linked to individual phenotype and interindividual interactions. In particular, larger individuals having more energy reserves are expected to build more, larger nests, without having to trade intrasexual competition for cooperative nest building. Capture-mark-recapture and nest survey of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L. 1758) were combined to assess the relationship between individuals and nesting activity on a spawning ground, throughout a breeding season, during which 202 nests were observed and 114 individuals were captured. On average, males and females stayed 8.33 ± 1.02 and 3.57 ± 1.04 days on the spawning ground, visited 2.26 ± 1.72 and 1.67 ± 1.17 nests and encountered 2.33 ± 2.13 mates for males and 2.29 ± 1.32 mates for females, respectively, and the number of mates encountered increased with the number of nests visited. Body size had no effect on the duration of presence on spawning ground, number of nests visited, number of individuals per nest and sex ratio on nest or nest volume. Bigger nests were found at the end of the season and were not necessarily built by more individuals. This work brings insights on the mating system and cooperative nest building in sea lamprey and may inform managers who want to estimate sea lamprey populations via nest surveys.
Published: 2020

44. Food limitation of juvenile marine fish in a coastal and estuarine nursery

Author: Anik Brind'Amour, Adrien Tableau, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Erwan Saulnier, H. Le Bris, Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nursery, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Predatory invertebrates, Competition (biology), Predation, Juvenile, English channel, 14. Life underwater, Predator, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Invertebrate, media_common, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Juvenile fish, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, Food limitation, Fishery, Food processing, Macrofauna, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; Despite their importance for species conservation and sound management of exploited living resources, the density-dependent mechanisms that regulate wild populations are among the least understood process in ecology. In many marine fish species, there is strong evidence that regulation occurs at the juvenile stage, when individuals concentrate in spatially restricted nurseries. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Whether competition for food resources determines fish growth and survival is particularly controversial. We investigated whether food supply may have limited juvenile fish production (integrating both growth and survival) in a coastal and estuarine nursery in western Europe. Using a recent bioenergetics-based approach, we calculated annual macrobenthic food production (FP) and annual food consumption (FC) by juvenile fish and predatory invertebrates for three consecutive years (2008–2010). We also calculated exploitation efficiency (FC:FP) and used it as an index of food limitation. Results revealed substantial interannual variations in FP (FP ~2–3 times higher in 2008 and 2010 than in 2009). FC by young-of-the-year fish followed a fairly similar pattern. In addition, predatory invertebrates consumed as much food as juvenile fish, highlighting the need to consider all dominant epibenthic predators when estimating the overall predation pressure on macrobenthic prey. Lastly, exploitation efficiency of the entire epibenthic predator community reached ~30% in 2009, which is relatively high despite the conservative modeling approach. Overall, these results suggest that food supply may have limited juvenile fish production during the study period, at least in 2009. Nonetheless, further studies based on longer time-series and/or other study sites are required to strengthen these findings.
Published: 2020

45. Seasonal demography of different black rat (Rattus rattus) populations under contrasting natural habitats in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean)

Author: Jean Goedert, Olivier Lorvelec, Arnaud Lenoble, Aurélien Royer, Benoît Pisanu, David Cochard, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial support from the Guadeloupe Regional Council, and the DAC of Guadeloupe., European Project: 2016-FED-503,ECSIT, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Wet season, Lesser Antilles, Population, Rainforest, Precipitation, Biology, Black rat, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Swamp, Abundance (ecology), [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 14. Life underwater, education, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010601 ecology, Animal ecology, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: 12 pages; International audience; The black rat (Rattus rattus) is one of the most widespread rodents on islands worldwide, introduced over the last five centuries. However, reliable information concerning how biotic or abiotic factors influence key parameters of black rat population biology in insular contexts is currently unavailable. Here we aim to document the relative abundance of rat populations and evaluate how the age structure and the body mass of adult individual vary seasonally in different forest environments under contrasting climatic conditions. Rats were captured during wet and dry seasons in 2017–2018 at one or two sites in each of the four natural forested environments of Guadeloupe, all of which experience widely different annual rainfall (semi-deciduous dry forest, seasonal evergreen forest, mountain rainforest and Pterocarpus officinalis swamp forest). A total of 171 black rats were captured during a 1018 trap-night effort. Overall capture results confirm this species to thrive in all the natural forested environments we investigated. With the exception of the P. officinalis swamp forest, black rat populations reach higher relative abundances during the wet season due to juvenile and sub-adult recruitment at the end of the dry season. In contrast, in the P. officinalis swamp forest, breeding activity continues during both seasons and relative rat abundance appears to fluctuate less seasonally. The relative abundance of adult black rats is also higher in the seasonal semi-evergreen and rainforests that experience little or no water stress. These contexts therefore appear the most favourable for sustaining black rat populations, a pattern that is most likely connected to a combination of climatic and/or edaphic parameters that condition the year-round availability and abundance of food resources.
Published: 2020

46. Genetic diversity and evolution of Hare Calicivirus (HaCV), a recentlyidentified lagovirus fromLepus europaeus

Author: Clément Droillard, Jacques Le Pendu, Stéphane Marchandeau, Marina Chatel, Ghislaine Le Gall-Reculé, Agnès Quéméner, François-Xavier Briand, Evelyne Lemaitre, Nicolas Eterradossi, Jean-Sébastien Guitton, QUEMENER, Agnès, Unité Virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie Avaires et Cunicoles (VIPAC), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Unité Petite Faune Sédentaire et Espèces Outre-Mer [Nantes] (Office Français de la Biodiversité - OFB), Unité de Virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie Avaires et Cunicoles [Ploufragan] (ANSES - Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Most recent common ancestor, Lepus europaeus, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, fluids and secretions, Genotype, Calicivirus, Genetics, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Molecular Biology, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Caliciviridae Infections, Genetic diversity, HaCV, Hare, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Strain (biology), Lagovirus, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic evolution, Genetic Variation, virus diseases, biology.organism_classification, Hares, Biological Evolution, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Evolutionary biology, France, VP60 capsid protein structural model
Abstract: International audience; First recognized as highly pathogenic viruses, hare lagoviruses belonging to genotype GII.1 (EBHSV) infect various Lepus species. Genetically distinct benign lagoviruses (Hare Calicivirus, HaCV) have recently been identified but few data have been available so far on these strains. The analysis of 199 samples from hunted hares collected throughout France allowed the detection of 20 HaCV and showed that they were widely distributed in this country. Ten HaCV capsid protein gene sequences were characterized. A first HaCV capsid protein structural model was proposed, revealing a global structure similar to that of a pathogenic GII.1 strain. The HaCV sequences showed an even higher genetic diversity than previously appreciated, with the characterization of two genotypes (GII.2, GII.3) and several additional putative genotypes. The most recent common ancestor for HaCV VP60 gene was estimated to be much older than that for GII.1 pathogenic strains. These results give new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of HaCV within the Lagovirus genus.
Published: 2020

47. Many, large and early: Hunting pressure on wild boar relates to simple metrics of hunting effort

Author: Sonia Saïd, Clément Calenge, Eric Baubet, Pablo Vajas, Cyril Rousset, Julien Fattebert, Emmanuelle Richard, and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Sus scrofa, Wildlife, Animals, Wild, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Fishery, Europe, Benchmarking, Time of day, Geography, Wild boar, biology.animal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Wildlife management, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Wild boar populations have increased dramatically over the last decades throughout Europe and in France in particular. While hunting is considered the most efficient way to control game populations, many local conflicts persist after the hunting period due to remaining high densities of wild boar despite the large number of animals culled every year. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of hunting is a timely issue. Herein, we assessed how hunting effort can be measured, and we determined whether the hunting effort carried out by hunters explains the observed hunting pressure. We measured the characteristics and results of all hunts that occurred in the experimental forest of Châteauvillain-Arc-en-Barrois (Northeastern France), and we modelled the number of animals culled as a function of the hunting effort, measured by the number of beaters, hunters, and dogs, as well as the size of the hunting area. We also accounted for variables suspected to affect the hunting efficiency achieved with a given effort, such as time of day (AM/PM), the month during which hunting occurred. We found that more posted hunters, larger hunted areas, and hunts carried out early in the season, i.e. before February, increased the number of culled animals. Our model can be used by wildlife managers to adjust hunting effort in order to reach the hunting pressure expected to meet management objectives.
Published: 2020

48. Monitoring the ecological status of rivers with diatom eDNA metabarcoding: a comparison of taxonomic markers and analytical approaches for the inference of a molecular diatom index

Author: Jan Pawlowski, Arielle Cordonier, Agnès Bouchez, Frédéric Rimet, Tristan Cordier, Julie Guéguen, Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Valentin Vasselon, University of Geneva [Switzerland], ID GENE ECODIAGNOSTICS UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Water Ecology Service, Pôle Écla - écosystèmes lacustres (ECLA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IO-PAN), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), and European Cross-Border Cooperation Program (Interreg France-Switzerland 2014-2020) Swiss canton (Valais) Swiss canton (Geneva) Swiss canton (Vaud) Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)31003A_179125European Union (EU)CA15219
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Index (economics), Inference, NOVEL APPROACHES TO MONITOR ECOSYSTEMS, Biology, aquatic bioindication, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 18S ribosomal RNA, diatoms, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Rivers, Genetics, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Environmental DNA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Quality assessment, Ecology, Special Issue, taxonomy‐free, 15. Life on land, taxonomy&#8208, biology.organism_classification, environmental DNA, 030104 developmental biology, Diatom, biomonitoring, metabarcoding, Reference database, free, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biomarkers, Ecological Genomics, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Recently, several studies demonstrated the usefulness of diatom eDNA metabarcoding as an alternative to assess the ecological quality of rivers and streams. However, the choice of the taxonomic marker as well as the methodology for data analysis differ between these studies, hampering the comparison of their results and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare two taxonomic markers commonly used in diatom metabarcoding and three distinct analytical approaches to infer a molecular diatom index. We used the values of classical morphological diatom index as a benchmark for this comparison. We amplified and sequenced both a fragment of the rbcL gene and the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene for 112 epilithic samples from Swiss and French rivers. We inferred index values using three analytical approaches: by computing it directly from taxonomically assigned sequences, by calibrating de novo the ecovalues of all metabarcodes, and by using a supervised machine learning algorithm to train predictive models. In general, the values of index obtained using the two "taxonomy-free" approaches, encompassing molecular assignment and machine learning, were closer correlated to the values of the morphological index than the values based on taxonomically assigned sequences. The correlations of the three analytical approaches were higher in the case of rbcL compared to the 18S marker, highlighting the importance of the reference database which is more complete for the rbcL marker. Our study confirms the effectiveness of diatom metabarcoding as an operational tool for rivers ecological quality assessment and shows that the analytical approaches by-passing the taxonomic assignments are particularly efficient when reference databases are incomplete.
Published: 2020

49. Wave-like patterns of plant phenology determine ungulate movement tactics

Author: A. J. Mark Hewison, Ellen O. Aikens, Benedikt Gehr, Scott Bergen, Max Kröschel, Kevin L. Monteith, Samantha P. H. Dwinnell, Anders Jarnemo, Atle Mysterud, Mark Hebblewhite, Luca Pedrotti, Pavel Sustr, Brandon M. Scurlock, Johannes De Groeve, Petter Kjellander, Tara Szkorupa, Hall Sawyer, Sonia Saïd, John D. C. Linnell, Mark A. Hurley, Johannes Signer, Marco Heurich, Kelly M. Proffitt, Inger Maren Rivrud, Evelyn H. Merrill, A Licoppe, Jerod A. Merkle, Nicolas Morellet, Wibke Peters, Arthur D. Middleton, Patrick Stent, Francesca Cagnacci, Lalenia Neufeld, Anna C. Ortega, Katherine L. Parker, Matthew J. Kauffman, University of Wyoming (UW), University of Oslo (UiO), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Montana, Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG), Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft - Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Bavarian Forest National Park, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (ZA PYGAR), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Halmstad University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Service Public de Wallonie, University of Alberta, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Parks Canada Agency, Partenaires INRAE, University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio, Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Bozeman (FWP), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Western Ecosystems Technology (WET), Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGF), Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Global Change Research Institute CAS, National Park Sumava, National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA grant #NNX15AI08H), Wild Sheep Foundation of Alberta, Alberta Conservation Association (grants in biodiversity), Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, National Geographic Society (grant award number: WW-100C-17), Research Council of Norway (grant 251112, NINA west roe deer), program Ziel ETZ Free State of Bavaria – Czech Republic 2014-2020 (INTERREG V), Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (Bitterroot elk), Safari Club International Foundation, Alberta Fish and Game Association (MSL), Alberta Conservation Association Research program, and ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Resource (biology), Ungulate, Climate Change, resource landscape, Odocoileus hemionus, Foraging, Plant Development, Cervus elaphus, Climate change, Ungulates, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Movement ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Animals, Herbivory, Set (psychology), Ecosystem, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Migration, green wave, biology, Cervus canadensis Cervus elaphus, Phenology, Ecology, Deer, Plants, 15. Life on land, resource tracking, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Disturbance (ecology), Habitat, 13. Climate action, Geographic Information Systems, Capreolus capreolus, Animal Migration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, residency, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary Animals exhibit a diversity of movement tactics [ 1 ]. Tracking resources that change across space and time is predicted to be a fundamental driver of animal movement [ 2 ]. For example, some migratory ungulates (i.e., hooved mammals) closely track the progression of highly nutritious plant green-up, a phenomenon called “green-wave surfing” [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Yet general principles describing how the dynamic nature of resources determine movement tactics are lacking [ 6 ]. We tested an emerging theory that predicts surfing and the existence of migratory behavior will be favored in environments where green-up is fleeting and moves sequentially across large landscapes (i.e., wave-like green-up) [ 7 ]. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of green-up facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species on two continents (n = 1,696 individuals). At the species level, foraging benefits were equivalent between tactics, suggesting that each movement tactic is fine-tuned to local patterns of plant phenology. For decades, ecologists have sought to understand how animals move to select habitat, commonly defining habitat as a set of static patches [ 8 , 9 ]. Our findings indicate that animal movement tactics emerge as a function of the flux of resources across space and time, underscoring the need to redefine habitat to include its dynamic attributes. As global habitats continue to be modified by anthropogenic disturbance and climate change [ 10 ], our synthesis provides a generalizable framework to understand how animal movement will be influenced by altered patterns of resource phenology.
Published: 2020

50. The rise and fall of the ancient northern pike master sex-determining gene

Author: Mike Tringali, Hongxia Hu, Amaury Herpin, Patrick W. DeHaan, Eric Rondeau, Louis Bernatchez, Wesley A. Larson, Manfred Schartl, Elodie Jouanno, E. A. Interesova, Yann Guiguen, Eric Saillant, Stephen S. Curran, Hugo Verreycken, Gaël P.J. Denys, Roger A. Tabor, Vladimir A. Trifonov, Hugo Darras, Christophe Klopp, Hugues Parrinello, Frederick W. Goetz, John H. Postlethwait, Qiaowei Pan, Céline Roques, J. Andrés López, Camille Eché, Jérôme Lluch, Laurent Journot, Frank A. von Hippel, Krista M. Nichols, Konrad Ocalewicz, Romain Feron, René Guyomard, Song-Lin Chen, Ben F. Koop, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alaska Pacific University, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Florida Marine Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, School of Ocean Science and Technology [Mississippi] (SOST), University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Department of Biological Sciences [Flagstaff], Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (CFOS), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Gdansk, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Système d'Information des GENomes des Animaux d'Elevage (SIGENAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tomsk State University [Tomsk], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, University of Oregon [Eugene], This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ANR/DFG, PhyloSex project, 2014–2016, SCHA 408/10–1, to YG and MS), and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (R01GM085318 to JHP). The MGX and Get-Plage core sequencing facilities were supported by France Genomique National infrastructure, funded as part of the ‘Investissement d’avenir’ program managed by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09)., ANR-13-ISV7-0005,PhyloSex,Evolution des déterminants majeurs du sexe chez les poissons.(2013), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, University of Gdańsk (UG), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Texas State University, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ANR/DFG, PhyloSex project, 2014–2016, SCHA 408/10–1, to YG and MS), U.S. National Institutes of Health (R01GM085318 to JHP), France Genomique National infrastructure, funded as part of the ‘Investissement d’avenir’ program managed by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Corvaisier, Maryse, Blanc – Accords bilatéraux 2013 - Evolution des déterminants majeurs du sexe chez les poissons. - - PhyloSex2013 - ANR-13-ISV7-0005 - Blanc – Accords bilatéraux 2013 - VALID, Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique - - France-Génomique2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, and Przeworski, Molly (ed.)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Evolution of sexual reproduction, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], sex determination, 01 natural sciences, mudminnows, Gene Duplication, Gene duplication, Biology (General), Clade, master sex determining gene, Phylogeny, северная щука, computer.programming_language, гены, определяющие пол, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Sex Chromosomes, biology, umbridae, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine, Female, Research Article, QH301-705.5, Demographic history, Science, Population, esocidae, Y chromosome, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, education, Esox, pikes, 030304 developmental biology, Pike, fish, General Immunology and Microbiology, evolutionary biology, Sex Determination Processes, biology.organism_classification, esociforms, Sexual reproduction, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Other, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Sex linkage
Abstract: Sexual reproduction is a ubiquitous basic feature of life and genetic sex determination is thus widespread, at least among eukaryotes. Understanding the remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms, however, is limited by the paucity of empirical studies. Here, we traced back the evolution of sex determination in an entire clade of vertebrates and uncovered that the northern pike (Esox lucius) master sex-determining gene initiated from a 65 to 90 million-year-old gene duplication and remained sex-linked on undifferentiated sex chromosomes for at least 56 million years. Contrasting with its ancient origin, we identified several independent species- or population-specific transitions of sex determination mechanisms in this lineage, including an unexpected complete and recent Y-chromosome loss in some North American northern pike populations. These findings highlight the diversity of the evolutionary fates of master sex-determining genes and raise the importance of careful considerations of population demographic history in sex determination studies. Our study also puts forward the hypothesis that occasional sex reversals and genetic bottlenecks provide a non-adaptive explanation for sex determination transitions.
Published: 2020

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