1. Zebrafish Models of Human Skeletal Disorders: Embryo and Adult Swimming Together
- Author
-
Giuseppe Banfi, Massimo Mariotti, Marta Carnovali, Carnovali, M., Banfi, G., and Mariotti, M.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,animal structures ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Danio ,lcsh:Medicine ,Review Article ,Bone tissue ,Bioinformatics ,Bone and Bones ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Bone remodeling ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Model organism ,Zebrafish ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Bone Injury ,ved/biology ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Osteogenesis imperfecta ,Osteoporosis ,Bone Remodeling ,Bone Diseases ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Danio rerio(zebrafish) is an elective model organism for the study of vertebrate development because of its high degree of homology with human genes and organs, including bone. Zebrafish embryos, because of the optical clarity, small size, and fast development, can be easily used in large-scale mutagenesis experiments to isolate mutants with developmental skeletal defects and in high-throughput screenings to find new chemical compounds for the ability to revert the pathological phenotype. On the other hand, the adult zebrafish represents another powerful resource for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about adult human bone diseases. In fish, some characteristics such as bone turnover, reparation, and remodeling of the adult bone tissue cannot be found at the embryonic stage. Several pathological models have been established in adult zebrafish such as bone injury models, osteoporosis, and genetic diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta. Given the growing interest for metabolic diseases and their complications, adult zebrafish models of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been recently generated and analyzed for bone complications using scales as model system. Interestingly, an osteoporosis-like phenotype has been found to be associated with metabolic alterations suggesting that bone complications share the same mechanisms in humans and fish. Embryo and adult represent powerful resources in rapid development to study bone physiology and pathology from different points of view.
- Published
- 2019