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Lipids from roots ofAlthaea nudifloraandA. Armeniacawere studied. The carbohydrate and fatty-acid compositions were found. The lipids ofA. NudifloraandA. Armeniacacontain 22.3 and 12.6%, respectively, of cyclopropenoid fatty acids, the physical chemical properties of which are presented. The optimal degree of grinding, temperature, and raw-material-to-extractant ratio for aqueous extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from althaea roots were chosen from a single statistically significant experiment

The structure of glucofructan GFAS-B has been established on the basis of the results of periodate and chromic oxidation, methylation, and IR and13C NMR spectroscopy.

Glucofructans have been isolated from the onionAllium suvorovii Rgl., and their qualitative chemical compositions and the nature of the bonds between the fructofuranose residues have been determined. It has been established that glucofructan-II is a compound with low toxicity and exhibits a pronounced hypolipidemic activity in relation both to intact animals and to animals with experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

The content of carbohydrates in Allium motor was studied as a function of vegetation period. The qualitative and quantitative compositions and physical chemical properties of sugars soluble in alcohol, water-soluble polysaccharides, pectinic substances, and hemicellulose were characterized. Galacturonan was produced by partial hydrolysis of the pectinic substances.

The structures of the glucofructans GFAS-B3 and GFAS-I have been established on the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR and13C NMR spectroscopies. It has been shown that the glucofructans studied are compounds containing both inulin, (2→1)β, and levan, (2→6)β, glycosidic bonds.

The content and composition of lipids, proteins, flavonoids, and carbohydrates from the aerial part of Rumex K-1 were studied.

It is known that rose fruit contains biologically active compounds (vitamins B 2, C, K, and P, carotene, organic adds, flavonoids, and tannin substances), which are responsible for healing properties [1---6], but there is no information on their carbohydrate content. We have investigated the carbohydrate composition of the fi'uit of Rosa canina. A comparative study was made of the carbohydrate compositions of the fruit (FR), of an aqueous extract (AER), and of the pulp remaining after the production of the preparation Kholam~ (PR). As a result we found the compositions of the alcohol-soluble fraction (ASF), of the water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs), and of the pectin substances (PSs) (Table 1). The commintlted air--dry raw material (FR and PR) was treated with 82% alcohol (1:2) twice for 1 h each time at the boil, and the combined extracts were concentrated, giving the total ASF (Table 1). By paper chromatography of the ASF of the FR (system 1, butan-l-olmpyridine---water (6:4:3), Ffltrak FN-11 paper) we detected glucose and sucrose. The WSPSs were extracted with water at 20~ twice for 2 h each. The extracts were evaporated under vacuum and were precipitated with isopropyl alcohol (1:2) (see Table 1). The precipitate of WSPSs formed a light cream-colored water-soluble powder giving a negative reaction for starch with iodine. The aqueous extract from the rose was precipitated with alcohol. The supernatant liquid was evaporated, the yield of ASF was determined (9.1%), and this was separated preparatively by PC for the quantitative determination of glucose (63.1% ) and fructose (35.2%). The precipitate obtained was treated with water at 20~ for 2 h, giving the WSPSs (1.69% on the raw material). The insoluble part consisted of the pectin substances (0.47% on the raw material). In the products of complete acid hydrolysis ( 1 N H2SO 4, 36 h) of the FR and AER we detected (PC, system 1) glucose and fructose in mounts of 2.1, 97.8 and 3.7, 96.2%, respectively.

Water-soluble pigments have been isolated from the epigeal parts of some Amaranthaceae species. A method for their production has been developed and the amounts of the main coloring substances in them have been determined. Protein components have been isolated by the subsequent treatment of the residual raw material, and their amino acid compositions have been determined.

The carbohydrate compositions of all the organs ofAllium suvorovii Rgl have been determined and it has been established that the bulk of the fructose accumulates in its bulbs. The dynamics of the accumulation of glucofructans in the bulbs has been studied and it has been found that this accumulation is a maximum in the dormancy stage.

The pectin substances of the beet extracted by solutions of hydrochloric and nitric acids were more highly methoxylated than those extracted by oxalic acid. The galacturonic acid contents of the PcSs scarcely differed, with the exception of the PcSs extracted by the H2C204 solution. All the beet PcSs contained acetyl groups and a predominating amount of carboxy groups, in contrast to apple and citrus pectins. These factors were responsible for the low gelling power of the beet pectin and for its capacity for sorbing heavy-metal ions. The monosaccharide compositions of all the PcSs were identical, as could be seen from an analysis of their hydrolysates (2 N H2SO4, 48 h). In all the hydrolysates, PC (butanol-pyridine-water (6:4:3)) revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, and traces of glucose, which is characteristic for the class of pectin substances. After the extraction of the PcSs, we extracted hemicellulose (HMC) with a 10% caustic soda solution. The yield of polysaccharide was 2.21%. GalUA, Ara, Gal, Xyl, and Rha were detected in a hydrolysate by PC. Thus, pectin substances and hemiceUulose have been extracted from the pulp of local varieties of sugar beet. A physicochemical characterization of the PcSs has been made, and the monosaccharide compositions of the beet pectin and hemicellulose have been determined.

1. The amounts of glucofructans in 15 species of plants of the genusAllium L. growing in Central Asia have been studied. 2. The polydispersity of all the glucofructans isolated has been established. Fractionation of the glucofructan fromA. sativum L. yielded homogeneous fractions with mol. wt. 1900 and 5000. On the basis of their IR spectra and the results of periodate oxidation, they have been assigned to the glucofructans of the inulin type.

A glucomannan has been isolated from the tubers ofArum korolkovii Regel. It has been shown that the polysaccharide contains O-acetyl groups and consists mainly of (1 → 4)-β-linked aldohexopyranose units of glucose and mannose in a ratio of 1:1.6. The nonreducing ends of the glucomannan are glucose residues, and branching is localized at C2 and C3 of mannose.

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bulbs ofAllium longicuspis Rgl. By fractionating the combined water-soluble polysaccharides, homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 15,500 and 5100 have been isolated. It has been shown by spectral and chemical methods that they consist of glucofructans of a mixed type containing glycosidic bonds of the inulin (2 → 1) and levan (2→6) types in a ratio of 2.1:1.