1. Endothelial cell mechanics and blood flow forces in vascular morphogenesis
- Author
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Li-Kun Phng and Heinz-Georg Belting
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Angiogenesis ,Embryogenesis ,Hemodynamics ,Endothelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Blood flow ,Biology ,Actin cytoskeleton ,Cell biology ,Endothelial stem cell ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vascular network ,Vascular morphogenesis ,Morphogenesis ,Blood Vessels ,Humans ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The vertebrate cardiovascular system is made up by a hierarchically structured network of highly specialised blood vessels. This network emerges during early embryogenesis and evolves in size and complexity concomitant with embryonic growth and organ formation. Underlying this plasticity are actin-driven endothelial cell behaviours, which allow endothelial cells to change their shape and move within the vascular network. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in vascular network formation and how these intrinsic mechanisms are influenced by haemodynamic forces provided by pressurized blood flow. While most of this review focusses on in vivo evidence from zebrafish embryos, we also mention complementary findings obtained in other experimental systems.
- Published
- 2021