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Epidemiological evidence indicates that plant antioxidants activity can treat or help to prevent the development of various diseases. One species with great potential as an antioxidant is Curcuma longa. However, different extraction techniques can influence isolated chemical compounds. This study investigated chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two rhizome extracts of C. longa: hydroethanolic, obtained by exhaustion (HECLex); and dried by a spray dryer (HECLsd). The phytochemical composition was evaluated by GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total phenolic compounds and soil analyses were performed. The main components of HECLex were ar-turmerone, γ-curcumene, α-turmerone, and β-sesquiphellandrene. The main components of HECLsd were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3-bis([trimethylsilyl]oxy)propyl ester, verrucarol, and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether. HECLsd had significantly higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacity compared with HECLex. In conclusion, processes of the preparation of C. longa rhizomes alter the chemical components and consequently their biological activity.

A 20-year-old male captive Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons) that died accidentally had a small non-ulcerative mammary nodule diagnosed as a mammary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that neoplastic cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin and cytokeratin-7. Approximately 20% of neoplastic cells were positive for Ki-67. Neoplastic cells expressed estrogen and progesterone receptors.

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is an important agent of hospital-acquired infection. VanA phenotype is characterized by resistance to high levels of vancomycin and teicoplanin and is encoded by the vanA gene, whereas VanD phenotype is characterized by resistance to vancomycin and susceptibility or intermediate resistance to teicoplanin; however, some isolates carry a VanD phenotype with a vanA genotype, but there are many gaps in the knowledge about the genetic mechanisms behind this pattern. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the genetic structure, clonality, and mobile genetic elements of VRE isolates that display a VanD-vanA phenotype. RESULTS: All vanA VRE-fm isolates displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin > 32µg/mL and intermediate or susceptible MIC range for teicoplanin (8–16µg/mL). The isolates were not clonal, and whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that they belonged to five different STs (ST478, ST412, ST792, ST896, and ST1393). The absence of some van complex genes were observed in three isolates: Ef5 lacked vanY and vanZ, Ef2 lacked vanY, and Ef9 lacked orf1 and orf2; moreover, another three isolates had inverted positions of orf1, orf2, vanR, and vanS genes. IS1542 was observed in all isolates, whereas IS1216 in only five. Moreover, presence of other hypothetical protein-encoding genes located downstream the vanZ gene were observed in six isolates. CONCLUSION: VRE isolates can display some phenotypes associated to vanA genotype, including VanA and VanB, as well as VanD; however, further studies are needed to understand the exact role of genetic variability, rearrangement of the transposon Tn1546, and presence of insertion elements in isolates with this profile.

Objective This study was conducted to determine whether an inactivated whole-cell yeast product derived from Pichia guilliermondii (PG; CitriStim, Pancosma, a brand of Archer Daniels Midland Co.) or an essential oil blend (EO) primarily composed of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde (Pancosma, a brand of Archer Daniels Midland Co.) could be used to mitigate the severity of an experimental coccidial infection in young dairy calves. Materials and Methods A 10-wk experiment was conducted using 38 Holstein bull calves (39.5 ± 5.7 kg) fed a typical commercial 20:20 milk replacer (Dairy Manufacturers Inc.) regimen (500 g/d). Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments: uninfected control (PC) and 4 treatments that received experimental coccidial infections: infected control (NC; no additives); PG at 2 g/head per d (PG2); PG at 6 g/head per d (PG6); and EO at 0.28 g/head per d. Feed additives were provided in the milk replacer and supplementation started when calves were approximately 2 wk of age. On d 35 of the trial, each infected calf was administered a single oral dose of a mixed inoculum of 5 Eimerial oocysts. Calves were weighed upon arrival, before inoculation, and weekly before morning feeding. Fecal scores were visually monitored daily using a scoring system with a scale of 1 to 5. Body temperature was measured 1 per wk for 5 wk following inoculation. To assess oocyst numbers, beginning on d 4 postinoculation, feces were collected daily until d 35. To determine the extent of intestinal damage caused by coccidial infections, 1 calf per treatment was randomly killed on d 7 and 2 calves per treatment were killed on d 21 postinoculation. Results and Discussion All infected calves scoured with equal severity, which was statistically significant when compared with noninfected calves (P Implications and Applications Calves supplemented with PG showed marked benefits on intestinal health, whereas calves supplemented with EO had modest benefits under coccidia infection. These data further suggest that natural feed additives may be alternatives for antibiotics during coccidiosis challenges.

Variance components and heritabilities for daily weight gain (DWG) were estimated for Nile tilapia farmed in cages across nine generations (G1-G9) of selection in a breeding program in Brazil. DWG was measured in 16,272 accumulated tagged animals representing 535 full- and half-sib families of Nile tilapia under cage farming. The additive genetic variance showed a slight variation (0.051-0.066), and heritability estimates ranged from 0.20 to 0.33. The common environmental effect accounted for a higher proportion of the total variance in DWG, especially in the last generations (6%-24%). A genetic trend based on all data available showed a substantial increase in the DWG (about 3.3% per generation) of Nile tilapia across nine generations of selection. Furthermore, our results demonstrate ample scope for further genetic improvement.

Biostimulants directly influence plant development and can play an important role in increasing the productivity of soybean crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development and productivity of six soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) (HO CRISTALINO, M 8644 IPRO, TMG 2185 IPRO, NS 7901 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO and CZ48B32 IPRO) according to spraying of three biostimulants (Proggib®, Stimulate®, biozyme®) and a control, totaling 24 treatments. The work was carried out in Confresa, northeast of Mato Grosso, in a completely randomized design (DIC). Two sprays were performed with an interval of 10 days, starting when the plants were in the phenological stage R1, and the second R1 + 10, using dosages of 250 ml. ha-1 (Stimulate®), 5 g ha-1 (Progibb®) and 200 ml ha-1 (Biozyme®). When the soybean plants were in the phenological stages R6, R7 and R8 the characteristics of plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of reproductive branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass were evaluated thousand grains and final productivity. Os bioestimulantes influenciam diretamente no desenvolvimento vegetal, podendo desempenhar papel importante no incremento de produtividade da cultura da soja. Desta maneira o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de seis cultivares de soja (Glycine max L.) (HO CRISTALINO, M 8644 IPRO, TMG 2185 IPRO, NS 7901 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO e CZ48B32 IPRO) em função da pulverização de três bioestimulantes (Proggib®, Stimulate®, biozyme®) e uma testemunha, totalizando 24 tratamentos. O trabalho foi realizado em Confresa, nordeste de Mato Grosso, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Foram realizadas duas pulverizações com intervalo de 10 dias, iniciando-se quando as plantas se encontravam no estádio fenológico R1, e a segunda R1 + 10, utilizando das dosagens de 250 ml. ha-1 (Stimulate®), 5 g há-1 (Progibb®) e 200 ml ha-1 (Biozyme®). Quando as plantas de soja estavam nos estádios fenológicos R6, R7 e R8 foram avaliadas as características de altura de planta, número de nós por planta, número de ramos reprodutivos por planta, número total de vagens por planta, número de grãos por planta, massa de mil grãos e produtividade final.&nbsp

Genomic selection has been implemented in several plant and animal breeding programs and it has proven to improve efficiency and maximize genetic gains. Phenotypic data of grain yield was measured in 147 maize (Zea mays L.) singlecross hybrids at 12 environments. Single-cross hybrids genotypes were inferred based on their parents (inbred lines) via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Factor analytic multiplicative genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models, in the framework of multienvironment trials, were used to predict grain yield performance of unobserved tropical maize single-cross hybrids. Predictions were performed for two situations: untested hybrids (CV1), and hybrids evaluated in some environments but missing in others (CV2). Models that borrowed information across individuals through genomic relationships and within individuals across environments presented higher predictive accuracy than those models that ignored it. For these models, predictive accuracies were up to 0.4 until eight environments were considered as missing for the validation set, which represents 67% of missing data for a given hybrid. These results highlight the importance of including genotype-by-environment interactions and genomic relationship information for boosting predictions of tropical maize single-cross hybrids for grain yield. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-22T09:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boosting-predictive.pdf: 1139997 bytes, checksum: 641636e15f14edc0b42f567b080ea4de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Brazil is the world?s largest sweet orange producer, but production in the state of Acre is small and does not meet the local demand, despite having climatic conditions that are adequate for its cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the ?Pera? orange using different rootstocks under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. We grafted the scion of the ?Pera? orange onto nine citrus rootstocks: ?Cleopatra? mandarin, TSKFL x CTTR ? 013, LVK x LCR ? 038, TSKC x CTQT 1439 ? 004, LVK x LVA ? 009, ?Indio?citrandarin, ?Santa Cruz Rangpur? lime, TSKFL x CTC - 25 ? 002, and TSKC x CTSW ? 038. The experiment was organized in a random block design with three replicates and two plants per parcel. The following characteristics were evaluated: compatibility between scion and rootstocks, tolerance to drought, production and fruit quality. There was an effect of the rootstocks on the behavior of the ?Pera? variety. The ?Santa Cruz Rangpur? lime, ?Indio? citrandarin, and the hybrid LVK x LCR - 038 rootstocks presented the best performance of the ?Pera? orange. Therefore, they constitute an alternative to the ?Rangpur? lime and may be incorporated into the current ?Pera? orange production system of the region. O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de laranja-doce, mas no Estado do Acre a produção é pequena e não atende à demanda local, apesar de possuir condições climáticas adequadas ao seu cultivo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de laranjeira ?Pera? sobre diferentes porta-enxertos nas condições edafoclimáticas de Rio Branco, Acre. A copa de laranjeira ?Pera? foi enxertada em nove porta-enxertos de citros: ?Cleópatra?, TSKFL x CTTR ? 013, LVK x LCR ? 038, TSKC x CTQT 1439 ? 004, LVK x LVA ? 009, Citrandarin ?Indio?, ?Santa Cruz Rangpur? lime, TSKFL x CTC - 25 ? 002 e TSKC x CTSW ? 038. Empregou-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições e duas plantas na parcela. Foram avaliadas características vegetativas, compatibilidade entre copa e porta-enxertos, tolerância à seca, produção e qualidade dos frutos. Houve efeito dos porta-enxertos sobre o comportamento da variedade copa. Os porta-enxertos limoeiro ?Cravo Santa Cruz?, citrandarin ?Indio? e o híbrido LVK x LCR ? 038 refletiram em melhor desempenho da laranjeira ?Pera?. Sendo assim, constituem como alternativas ao limoeiro ?Cravo? e podem ser incorporados ao atual sistema de produção de laranjeira da região. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-03T18:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26917.pdf: 3671431 bytes, checksum: 5da5017c9cd04544f4dbf67bb1433d71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The role of diazotrophs in coral physiology and reef biogeochemistry remains poorly understood, in part because N2 fixation rates and diazotrophic community composition have only been jointly analyzed in the tissue of one tropical coral species. We performed field-based 15N2 tracer incubations during nutrient-replete conditions to measure diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) assimilation into three species of scleractinian coral (Pocillopora acuta, Goniopora columna, Platygyra sinensis). Using multi-marker metabarcoding (16S rRNA, nifH, 18S rRNA), we analyzed DNA- and RNA-based communities in coral tissue and skeleton. Despite low N2 fixation rates, DDN assimilation supplied up to 6% of the holobiont’s N demand. Active coral-associated diazotrophs were chiefly Cluster I (aerobes or facultative anaerobes), suggesting that oxygen may control coral-associated diazotrophy. Highest N2 fixation rates were observed in the endolithic community (0.20 µg N cm−2 per day). While the diazotrophic community was similar between the tissue and skeleton, RNA:DNA ratios indicate potential differences in relative diazotrophic activity between these compartments. In Pocillopora, DDN was found in endolithic, host, and symbiont compartments, while diazotrophic nifH sequences were only observed in the endolithic layer, suggesting a possible DDN exchange between the endolithic community and the overlying coral tissue. Our findings demonstrate that coral-associated diazotrophy is significant, even in nutrient-rich waters, and suggest that endolithic microbes are major contributors to coral nitrogen cycling on reefs.

Since the discovery of melanopsin as a retinal non-visual photopigment, opsins have been described in several organs and cells. This distribution is strikingly different from the classical localization of photopigments in light-exposed tissues such as the eyes and the skin. More than 10 years ago, a new paradigm in the field was created as opsins were shown, to detect not only light, but also thermal energy in Drosophila. In agreement with these findings, thermal detection by opsins was also reported in mammalian cells. Considering the presence of opsins in tissues not reached by light, an intriguing question has emerged: What is the role of a classical light-sensor, and more recently appreciated thermo-sensor, in these tissues? To tackle this question, we address in this review the most recent studies in the field, with emphasis in mammals. We provide the present view about the role of opsins in peripheral tissues, aiming to integrate the current knowledge of the presence and function of opsins in organs that are not directly affected by light.

The continued endemicity of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in East Africa has significant implications for livestock production and poverty reduction, yet its complex epidemiology in endemic settings remains poorly understood. Identifying FMDV dispersal routes and drivers of transmission is key to improved control strategies. Environmental heterogeneity and anthropogenic drivers (e.g., demand for animal products) can impact viral spread by influencing host movements. Here, we utilized FMDV serotype O VP1 genetic sequences and corresponding spatiotemporal data in order to (i) infer the recent dispersal history, and (II) investigate the impact of external factors (cattle density, human population density, proximity to livestock markets, and drought) on dispersal velocity, location, and direction of FMDV serotype O in East Africa. We identified statistical evidence of long-distance transmission events, and we found that FMDV serotype O tends to remain circulating in areas of high cattle density, high human population density, and in close proximity to livestock markets. The latter two findings highlight the influence of anthropogenic factors on FMDV serotype O spread in this region. These findings contribute to the understanding of FMDV epidemiology in East Africa and can help guide improved control measures.

Os inibidores da enzima prolil hidroxilase induzida por hipóxia (HIF-PHI) é um agente terapêutico sob uma nova classe de fármacos que estimulam a resposta do corpo à hipóxia sem alterar a pressão parcial de oxigênio nos tecidos, o que suprime e induz os genes responsáveis ao processo hematopoiético. Esses agentes estimulantes de eritropoiese podem influenciar a saúde humana possibilitando novas oportunidades no tratamento de anemia com doença renal crônica, no entanto, os mesmos têm também chamando a atenção de atletas que buscam a melhoria da performance. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever por meio de uma revisão de literatura os fatores fisiológicos e terapêuticos dos inibidores da HIF-PHI na saúde, e no desempenho desportivo. Realizou-se um levantamento a partir de bancos de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus e ScienceDirect entre os anos de 2011 a 2019. As palavras-chave empregadas foram, HIF stabilizers, HIF-PHI, FG-4592 e high performance.Os resultados mostraram que os HIF-PHI podem influenciar positivamente a saúde e o desempenho esportivo,por estímulo na producão de células vermelhas do sangue, favorecendo assim uma maior oferta de oxigênio no organismo. Um diferencial dessa classe de fármacos é de diminuirem os níveis de hepcidina não causando deficiência nos estoques de ferro no organismo. Outros efeitos foram a diminuição do colesterol total e LDL, e possíveis reduções nos níveis de pressão arterial. São necessários mais estudos que envolvam essa classe de fármacos nos seres humanos, visto que os mesmos podem ser efetivos no tratamento de algumas patologias, melhorando assim, a qualidade de vida da população.

Clinical signs and symptoms related to invasive fungal disease are nonspecific and need to be followed up by appropriate diagnostic procedures. The goal of this study was to analyze CT imaging patterns in invasive fungal infections and their correlation with the immune status and clinical outcome. We performed a retrospective multicenter study including 85 consecutive patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infection (2011-2014). Lung patterns on computed tomography (CT) scans were classified according to the Fleischner Society glossary. The patients were grouped according to immune status (neutropenia, steroid therapy, organ transplant recipient, and other cause) and outcome (positive outcome, progressive disease, and death). The Chi square test or Fisher exact test was used. Bonferroni correction was applied. The total number of patients with invasive Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus infection (IANA), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), and Cryptococcus (CRY) was 60, 22, and 3, respectively. Patients with IANA demonstrated significantly more nodules (93 % vs. 59 %, p = 0.001), significantly fewer ground glass opacities (58 % vs. 96 %, p = 0.005), and significantly fewer positive lymph nodes (5 % vs. 41 %, p 0.001) than patients with PCP. All patients with PCP and CRY had a favorable outcome. Patients with IANA and an adverse outcome demonstrated significantly more nodules with halo sign than patients with IANA and a favorable outcome (42.5 % vs. 15.9 %, p 0.0001). Interestingly, patients with IANA and a favorable outcome had a higher prevalence of pulmonary infarction than patients with an adverse outcome (8 % vs. 1 %, p = 0.047). Patients with neutropenia showed significantly more consolidations (66 %) than organ transplant recipients (27 %, p = 0.045). Patients with IANA showed a higher prevalence of nodules and a lower prevalence of ground glass opacities than patients with PCP. In patients with IANA, nodules with halo sign were associated with an adverse outcome. Patients with neutropenia showed generally more consolidations, but the consolidations were not associated with an adverse outcome. · Nodules, ground glass opacities, and consolidations are common CT findings in all invasive pulmonary fungal infections.. · There is no pattern that is unique for one specific pathogen, although nodules are more predominant in IANA and Cryptococcus, and ground glass opacities are more predominant in PCP patients.. · Immune status had an impact on CT findings in fungal pneumonia with less consolidation in patients after organ transplantation compared to patients with neutropenia.. · Nodules with a halo sign are associated with a worse outcome..· Obmann VC, Bickel F, Hosek N et al. Radiological CT Patterns and Distribution of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillus, Non-Aspergillus, Cryptococcus and Pneumocystis Jirovecii Mold Infections - A Multicenter Study. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1304 - 1314.ZIEL: Systematische Analyse der CT-Muster bei invasiven pulmonalen Pilzinfektionen in Abhängigkeit vom Immunstatus und dem klinischen Outcome der Patienten. In dieser retrospektiven Multicenterstudie wurden 85 konsekutive Patienten mit invasiver pulmonaler Pilzinfektion eingeschlossen (2011–2014). Die CT-Muster der Lunge wurden gemäß dem Glossar der Fleischner-Society klassifiziert. Die Patienten wurden nach Immunstatus (Neutropenie, Steroidtherapie, Organtransplantation und andere Ursachen) und Outcome (positiver Verlauf, progrediente Erkrankung und Tod) unterteilt. Der Chi-Quadrat- und der Fischer-Exact-Test wurden mit der Bonferroni-Korrektur angewandt. Die Anzahl der Patienten mit invasiver Aspergillus- und Nicht-Aspergillus-Infektion (IANA), Pneumocystis-jirovecii-Pneumonie (PCP) und Kryptokokken (CRY) betrug jeweils 60, 22 und 3. Die IANA-Patienten wiesen signifikant häufiger Lungenknoten (93 % vs. 59 %; p = 0,001), signifikant weniger Milchglastrübungen (58 % vs. 96 %; p = 0,005) und signifikant weniger pathologische Lymphknoten auf (5 % vs. 41 %; p 0,001) als Patienten mit PCP. Alle Patienten mit PCP und CRY zeigten einen positiven Verlauf. Bei IANA-Patienten waren Knoten mit Halo-Zeichen häufiger assoziiert mit negativem (Progress, Tod) als mit positivem Verlauf (42,5 % vs. 15,9 %; p 0,0001). Interessanterweise zeigten Patienten mit positivem Verlauf häufiger Lungeninfarkte als Patienten mit negativem Verlauf (8 % vs. 1 %; p = 0,047). Patienten mit Neutropenie litten signifikant mehr an Lungeninfiltraten (Konsolidierungen, 66 %) als Patienten nach Organtransplantation (27 %; p = 0,045). IANA-Patienten zeigten eine höhere Prävalenz von Lungenknoten und eine tiefere Prävalenz von Milchglastrübungen im Vergleich zu PCP-Patienten. Bei den IANA-Patienten waren die Noduli mit Halo-Zeichen mit einem schlechteren Verlauf assoziiert. Patienten mit Neutropenie zeigten generell mehr Infiltrate, diese waren allerdings nicht mit negativem Verlauf assoziiert. · Lungenknoten, Milchglastrübungen und Konsolidierungen sind häufige CT-Zeichen bei allen invasiven pulmonalen Pilzinfektionen.. · Es gibt kein CT-Muster, das einzigartig ist für einen bestimmten Erreger, obwohl Lungenknoten häufiger bei IANA und Kryptokokken vorkommen und Milchglastrübungen häufiger bei PCP-Infektionen zu beobachten sind.. · Der Immunstatus der Patienten beeinflusst die CT-Befunde der Pilz-Pneumonie: Patienten zeigten nach Organtransplantation weniger Konsolidierungen als Patienten mit Neutropenie.. · Noduli mit Halo-Zeichen sind mit einem schlechteren Outcome assoziiert..

In this communication, we report the presence of RNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) as a contaminant of different biological products used in Mexico for veterinary vaccine production. For this purpose, six batches of monovalent vaccines, eight cell line batches used for vaccine production, and 10 fetal bovine serum lots (FBS) commercially available in Mexico from different suppliers were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Viral RNA was detected in 62.5% of the samples analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the subgenotypes BVDV-1a, 1b, and BVDV-2a in the tested samples. Collectively, these findings indicate that contamination by BVDV RNA occurs in commercial vaccines and reagents used in research and production of biological products. The ramifications of this contamination are discussed.

Aim: Evaluate the chemopreventive potential of the extract from P. polymyxa RNC-D. Methods: Concentrations of P. polymyxa RNC-D extract were tested in HepG2/C3A cells to assess their genotoxic (comet assay), mutagenic (micronucleus test) and antigenotoxic potential (comet assay) in vitro. Results: 400 and 40 μg/ml concentrations induced DNA lesions, whereas the 4 μg/ml induced a desmutagenic effect. Complementary tests indicated that the extract minimized the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by methyl methanesulfonate and normalized the loss of membrane potential. The quantification of cytokines indicated that TNF-α was immunostimulated by the extract. However, when administered in conjunction with the methyl methanesulfonate, the extract blocked the TNF-α release. Conclusion: The fermentation broth from P. polymyxa RNC-D showed an antigenotoxic effect, and thus the potential to be used as chemopreventive compound.

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to global public health. Foodstuff of animal origin can serve as potential vehicles for the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes to consumers. In view of the lack of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with goat milk, the aim of this study was to report species-level identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of a large collection of Staphylococcus spp. isolates recovered from raw goat milk in Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 434 Staphylococcus spp. isolates originated from 510 goat milk samples in Northeast Brazil were investigated. The isolates were obtained by conventional microbiological methods. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by means of a semi-automated system using a panel for biochemical tests and broth microdilution method for 19 antimicrobial drugs. Results: Although Staphylococcus aureus (22.6%) accounted for the majority of the isolates, a total of 13 different non-aureus staphylococci spp. were identified. High resistance rates against erythromycin (40.8%), and the beta-lactams ampicillin (45.9%) and penicillin (42.9%) were observed among S. aureus isolates. The most significant findings were related to the resistance against quinupristin-dalfopristin, a drug of last resort used in human medicine to treat infections caused by vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and enterococci. Conclusion: The high diversity of Staphylococcus spp. showing phenotypic resistance against different antimicrobial drugs encourages further investigations on the real impact of these bacteria as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes to consumers. Furthermore, the potential impact of technological processes, such as pasteurization, fermentation, and maturation, on the maintenance and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among the microbial populations in milk and dairy products must also be investigated.

We investigated the effects of pathogens associated with subclinical intramammary infections on yield, composition and quality indicators of goat milk. By means of a longitudinal study, individual half udder milk samples (n = 132) were collected at different lactation periods and assessed for milk yield and physicochemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC), total bacteria count (TBC) and microbiological culture. Staphylococci species accounted for the great majority of the isolates (96.1%). Intramammary infections significantly reduced fat and total solids in goat milk and increased both SCC and TBC. However, these indicators were significantly higher in udder halves affected by S. aureus compared with other staphylococci species.

The stock of therapeutic weapons available in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been progressively grown over the years, with improving both survival and patients' clinical outcome: notwithstanding advances in the knowledge of mCRC biology, as well as advances in treatment, fluoropyrimidine antimetabolite drugs have been for 30 years the mainstay of chemotherapy protocols for this malignancy. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) seems to act differently depending on administration method: elastomer-mediated continuous infusion better inhibits Thymidylate Synthase (TS), an enzyme playing a pivotal role in DNA synthetic pathway. TS overexpression is an acknowledged poor prognosis predicting factor. The simultaneous combination of 5FU and folinate salt synergistically strengthens fluorouracil cytotoxic effect. In our experience, levofolinate and 5FU together in continuous infusion prolong progression free survival of patients suffering from mCRC, moreover decreasing death risk and showing a clear clinical benefit for patients, irrespective of RAS mutational status, primitive tumor side and metastases surgery.

A new tropane alkaloid 7β-acetoxy-6β-benzoyloxy-3α-hydroxytropane (1) was isolated from the twigs of Erythroxylum macrocalyx Mart. (Erythroxylaceae), along with the known substances: 6β,7β-dibenzoyloxy-3α-hydroxytropane (2), 6β,7β-dihydroxy-3α-(phenylacetoxy)tropane (3), 3α-benzoyloxy-6β,7β-dihydroxytropane (4), 6β-benzoyloxy-3α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimetoxybenzoyloxy)tropane (5), ombuin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside (6), lupeol (7), taraxerol (8) and lupenone (9). Compounds 1 and 2 were also isolated from the leaves. The structures were established by analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS data, as well as by comparison with literature data for known compounds. The structure of 2 was also supported by X-ray crystallography analyses. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Compound 5 showed high antiproliferative activity on liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) with IC50 value of 3.66 μg mL−1 (8.29 μmol L-1), but no cytotoxic effect (IC50 > 25 μg mL-1) on human lymphoblast cell line. This study reveals the potential use of 5 as prototype for the synthesis of new antiproliferative agents.

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is one of the complications that occur after tooth extraction. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the efficacy of Advanced Platelet-rich Fibrin (A-PRF) in the management of pain and the acceleration of wound healing in the treatment of AO. Consecutive patients who were diagnosed with AO, recruited from patients referred to the Oral Surgery Department of the University of Naples Federico II, were enrolled. After local anesthesia, the dry socket was curetted and irrigated with saline. The Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) clot was placed in the socket and then covered with an A-PRF membrane. Clinical parameters, such as the degree of pain and rate of granulation tissue (GT) formation, were measured before treatment and after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The Friedman test for dependent samples was used to detect the treatment and time effect. Four patients with established AO were included. On all the examination days, the post-operative recovery was uneventful. The pain scores progressively reduced, from an average of 8.5 before treatment to 0.25 on the third day, and the GT formation improved over time. The use of A-PRF in the treatment of AO significantly reduced the pain level and enhanced the wound-healing process.

An 18-year-old woman was referred by her GP to the endocrinology department of the University Hospital of Bordeaux on suspicion of premature ovarian failure because of a disorder of the menstrual cycle and pathological results of biological exploration of the gonadotropic axis. Repeatedly-found elevated concentrations of FSH contrasted with a normal concentration of LH leading to a hypothesis of ovarian failure. However, different investigations favoured an analytical interference. The presence of heterophilic antibodies or anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) was unlikely but, finally, a complex combining FSH and autoantibody (called macro-FSH) was evidenced.

Sheep meat production in the dry tropics of Mexico is low in the dry season, due to lack of forage, therefore, strategic supplementation is important to avoid weight loss in animals; The research was carried out from August 15 to December 15, 2020 in order to evaluate the productive response of pelibuey sheep in confinement, fed with pangola grass hay (GH), plains grass silage (PGS) and supplemented with commercial feed (CF) in the dry season. 16 sheep of the same weight and age were used, four treatments were evaluated in them, in a completely random design; the treatments were four levels of supplement 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 kg of AC fed with HP and PGS. Sheep were dewormed at the beginning of the experiment and housed in individual cages. The variables were: dry matter intake, daily weight gain (DWG) and DM digestibility. DM consumption was different (P -1 in T1 and a higher value of 0.112 kg in T4. The apparent digestibility of the dry matter showed a difference (P

Little information is available about human infections by the members of the genus Ehrlichia in Mexico. Only 2 species, Ehrlichia canis and E. chaffensis, are known to cause disease in this country. We report a fatal case of human monocytic ehrlichiosis in Mexico City in a man who was homeless.

Barks of trees of the genus Handroanthus are known for their antitumor activity, which is attributed to naphthoquinones. Another class of molecules that has shown antitumor activity are the polysaccharides, however those from Handroanthus barks have never been studied. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to extract polysaccharides from H. heptaphyllus and H. albus barks, to characterize them structurally and to evaluate their cytotoxic effects on the human colon and human breast cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and MCF-7, respectively. The polysaccharides were extracted with boiling water and fractionated by freeze-thawing process. The soluble polysaccharide fractions HHBSF and HABSF were characterized by monosaccharide composition, methylation and NMR analyses, and their effects on proliferation of Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells were evaluated using MTT cell viability assay. HHBSF and HABSF were mainly constituted of galactoglucomannan, type II arabinogalactan (AGII) and type I rhamnogalacturonan (RGI), however, only HABSF significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 (CC50 = 327 μg/mL) and Caco-2 (CC50 = 2258 μg/mL) cells. Differences in the fine structure and proportion of their polysaccharides, and maybe in the composition of associated phenolic compounds could explain the different effects of HHBSF and HABSF.

The present work aims to estimate the seroprevalence of Bovine Enzootic Leukosis - LEB and to identify the risk factors associated with seroreactivity for infection by the LEB virus, in cattle from herds raised in the Teresina Microregion, in the State of Piaui, Brazil. 420 blood samples were examined in 14 municipalities belonging to the microregion, the technique used for the research was Immunodiffusion in Agar Gel (IDGA). There was a prevalence rate of 19.52% (82/420) of seroreagent animals, with the occurrence of at least one animal positive for LEB in each herd evaluated. The results show that prevention and control measures are necessary for better surveillance of herds.

hCDKL5 refers to the human cyclin-dependent kinase that is primarily expressed in the brain where it exerts its function in several neuron districts. Mutations in its coding sequence are often causative of hCDKL5 deficiency disorder. The large-scale recombinant production of hCDKL5 is desirable to boost the translation of current therapeutic approaches into the clinic. However, this is hampered by the following features: i) almost two-thirds of hCDKL5 sequence are predicted to be intrinsically disordered, making this region more susceptible to proteolytic attack; ii) the cytoplasmic accumulation of the enzyme in eukaryotic host cells is associated to toxicity. The bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 (PhTAC125) is the only prokaryotic host in which the full-length production of hCDKL5 has been demonstrated. To date, a system-level understanding of the metabolic burden imposed by hCDKL5 production is missing, although it would be crucial for the upscaling of the production process. Here, we have combined experimental data on protein production and nutrients assimilation with metabolic modelling to infer the global consequences of hCDKL5 production in PhTAC125 and to identify potential overproduction targets. Our analyses showed a remarkable accuracy of the model in simulating the recombinant strain phenotype and also identified priority targets for optimized protein production.

The enzymes from hyperthermophilic microorganisms populating volcanic sites represent interesting cases of protein adaptation and biotransformations under conditions where conventional enzymes quickly denature. The difficulties in cultivating extremophiles severely limit access to this class of biocatalysts. To circumvent this problem, we embarked on the exploration of the biodiversity of the solfatara Pisciarelli, Agnano (Naples, Italy), to discover hyperthermophilic carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and to characterize the entire set of such enzymes in this environment (CAZome). Here, we report the results of the metagenomic analysis of two mud/water pools that greatly differ in both temperature and pH (T = 85 °C and pH 5.5; T = 92 °C and pH 1.5, for Pool1 and Pool2, respectively). DNA deep sequencing and following in silico analysis led to 14 934 and 17 652 complete ORFs in Pool1 and Pool2, respectively. They exclusively belonged to archaeal cells and viruses with great genera variance within the phylum Crenarchaeota, which reflected the difference in temperature and pH of the two Pools. Surprisingly, 30% and 62% of all of the reads obtained from Pool1 and 2, respectively, had no match in nucleotide databanks. Genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism were 15% and 16% of the total in the two Pools, with 278 and 308 putative CAZymes in Pool1 and 2, corresponding to ~ 2.0% of all ORFs. Biochemical characterization of two CAZymes of a previously unknown archaeon revealed a novel subfamily GH5_19 β-mannanase/β-1,3-glucanase whose hemicellulose specificity correlates with the vegetation surrounding the sampling site, and a novel NAD+ -dependent GH109 with a previously unreported β-N-acetylglucosaminide/β-glucoside specificity. DATABASES: The sequencing reads are available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under the accession numbers SRR7545549 (Pool1) and SRR7545550 (Pool2). The sequences of GH5_Pool2 and GH109_Pool2 are available in GenBank database under the accession numbers MK869723 and MK86972, respectively. The environmental data relative to Pool1 and Pool2 (NCBI BioProject PRJNA481947) are available in the Biosamples database under the accession numbers SAMN09692669 (Pool1) and SAMN09692670 (Pool2).

Cyperus articulatus L., perteneciente a la familia Cyperaceae, es una especie vegetal que presenta flores casi insignificantes en sus extremos. Los tallos de la especie producen tuberculos que al cortarse desprenden un olor fresco, amaderado y especiado; se utilizan tradicionalmente en banos y en la fabricacion de colonias artesanales en el norte de Brasil. Ademas de su uso en cosmetica y perfumeria, la planta tambien tiene propiedades medicinales y farmacologicas. Entre las propiedades farmacologicas se encuentran los efectos antimalaricos, sedantes, hepatoprotectores, anticonceptivos sobre el sistema nervioso central (SNC), insecticidas, antimicrobianos, anticancerigenos, antioxidantes, anticonvulsivos, antococosis. Los metabolitos encontrados relacionados con las actividades mencionadas fueron ciperotundona, alfa-ciperona, mustacona para la actividad antimalarica en el extracto cloroformico de los rizomas de priprioca. En la decoccion de rizomas de C. articulatus se encontraron flavonoides, saponinas, azucares, triterpenos y poliuronidas con propiedades sedantes. Los metabolitos implicados en la funcion hepatoprotectora, el efecto anticonceptivo y el efecto del sistema nervioso central no se encontraron en la literatura. Los metabolitos aromaticos de mono y sesquiterpenos se han relacionado con las propiedades insecticidas en el extracto metanolico de rizoma. En los extractos etanolicos y cloroformicos de rizomas, los metabolitos α y β-pineno estaban relacionados con la actividad antimicrobiana. Los compuestos sesquiterpenos y monoterpenos que se encuentran en el aceite esencial de C. articulatus estaban relacionados con propiedades anticancerigenas. Los compuestos fenolicos del aceite esencial de C. articulatus se relacionaron con las propiedades antioxidantes. Los compuestos alcaloides que se encuentran en el extracto del rizoma de C. articulatus mostraron actividad anticonvulsiva. Los metabolitos de mustakona y el acido linoleico que se encuentran en el extracto de rizoma de C. articulatus estaban directamente relacionados con las propiedades antioncocercales. El presente trabajo reviso las propiedades medicas, terapeuticas y farmacologicas de Cyperus articulatus.

Os casos de dengue apresentam importante crescimento no Brasil nos ultimos anos. Estudos com extratos de plantas mostram o potencial inseticida de substâncias bioativas que as torna candidatas a futuros produtos comerciais. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito larvicida do oleo essencial contido no hidrolato dos rizomas de Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus contra o terceiro e quarto estagio de larvas de Aedes aegypti, reduzindo a sobrevivencia de larvas tanto do terceiro quanto do quarto instar do Ae. aegypti. A caracterizacao quimica dos sesquiterpenos do hidrolato foi realizada por GC-MS, revelando como compostos majoritarios a verbenona (%), o trans-sabinol (%) e o mirtenol (%).

As top predators in marine environments, seabirds frequently respond to the presence of their main prey, and both predators and prey are usually associated with specific environmental features. We investigated the variability in the presence and density of flying seabirds (mostly Procellariiformes and Charadriiformes) and Magellanic penguinsSpheniscus magellanicusalong the southwestern (SW) Atlantic continental shelf. Five acoustic assessment surveys were conducted to determine the biomass of the Argentine anchovyEngraulis anchoita, and seabird counts and the collection of oceanographic data were conducted simultaneously with the surveys between June and October 2010. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were fitted to test the effect of anchovy density and environmental variables on seabird density. Sea surface temperature was significant for the presence of flying seabirds. Bottom water temperature and anchovy density were key variables affecting the presence and density of penguins, while bottom water salinity was also important for penguin presence. Based on Akaike’s information criterion, the most important factor explaining the density of flying seabirds was the difference between surface and bottom salinity (ΔS), while for penguin density, the most important factor was anchovy density. These results highlight that the subtropical shelf front in the SW Atlantic Ocean is a key feature influencing the aggregation of flying seabirds and confirm the close association of penguins and anchovies. Bottom water intrusion, originating from the sub-Antarctic shelf water, is an important factor explaining the presence of penguins, which tend to aggregate in areas with high anchovy densities on the SW Atlantic continental shelf.

A new secalonic acid derivative, F-7 (1), was isolated from the endophytic Aspergillus aculeatus MBT 102, associated with Rosa damascena. The planar structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-TOF-MS spectra. The relative configuration of 1 was determined applying a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach and, afterward, the comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra determined the assignment of its absolute configuration. The compound possesses strong cytotoxic activity against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. It was found to induce apoptosis, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast microscopy. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that 1 induced mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis, arresting the G1 phase of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the compound causes significant microtubule disruption in TNBC cells. Subsequently, 1 restricted the cell migration leading to the concomitant increase in expression of cleaved caspase and PARP.

Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) is the latest identified member of the histone deacetylase family of enzymes. It is highly expressed in brain, heart, testis, kidney, and skeletal muscle, although its role in these tissues is poorly understood. Here, we investigate for the first time the consequences of HDAC11 genetic impairment on skeletal muscle regeneration, a process principally dependent on its resident stem cells (satellite cells) in coordination with infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells. Our results show that HDAC11 is dispensable for adult muscle growth and establishment of the satellite cell population, while HDAC11 deficiency advances the regeneration process in response to muscle injury. This effect is not caused by differences in satellite cell activation or proliferation upon injury, but rather by an enhanced capacity of satellite cells to differentiate at early regeneration stages in the absence of HDAC11. Infiltrating HDAC11‐deficient macrophages could also contribute to this accelerated muscle regenerative process by prematurely producing high levels of IL‐10, a cytokine known to promote myoblast differentiation. Altogether, our results show that HDAC11 depletion advances skeletal muscle regeneration and this finding may have potential implications for designing new strategies for muscle pathologies coursing with chronic damage., This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BFU2016‐80748 to MS and BFU2017‐89408‐R to AMP) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018‐094009‐B‐I00 to MAP), FEDER funds, Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR969 and 2017 SGR206), and Junta de Castilla y Leon (CSI239P18). YN‐A was supported by FPU12/05668, and EH was supported in part by BFU2016‐80748 project.

Genomic selection has become a reality in plant breeding programs with the reduction in genotyping costs. Especially in maize breeding programs, it emerges as a promising tool for predicting hybrid performance. The dynamics of a commercial breeding program involve the evaluation of several traits simultaneously in a large set of target environments. Therefore, multi-trait multi-environment (MTME) genomic prediction models can leverage these datasets by exploring the correlation between traits and Genotype-by-Environment (G×E) interaction. Herein, we assess predictive abilities of univariate and multivariate genomic prediction models in a maize breeding program. To this end, we used data from 415 maize hybrids evaluated in 4 years of second season field trials for the traits grain yield, number of ears, and grain moisture. Genotypes of these hybrids were inferred in silico based on their parental inbred lines using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers obtained via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Because genotypic information was available for only 257 hybrids, we used the genomic and pedigree relationship matrices to obtain the H matrix for all 415 hybrids. Our results demonstrated that in the single-environment context the use of multi-trait models was always superior in comparison to their univariate counterparts. Besides that, although MTME models were not particularly successful in predicting hybrid performance in untested years, they improved the ability to predict the performance of hybrids that had not been evaluated in any environment. However, the computational requirements of this kind of model could represent a limitation to its practical implementation and further investigation is necessary.

The aim of this study was synthesizing two 7,8-dioxabicyclo[4.1.1]octan-3-yl)-steroid derivatives (compounds 3 or 4) to evaluate their inotropic activity in vitro. The first stage was achieved by the preparation of two 7,8-dioxabicyclo[4.1.1]octan-3-yl)-steroid derivatives using some chemical strategies. Then, the inotropic activity of both steroid derivatives against left ventricular pressure (LVP) was evaluated in an isolated rat heart model using Bay-k-8644, nifedipine, aucubin, and L-NAME as controls. The results showed that compound 3 increased LVP in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was inhibited by nifedipine. Other results showed that compound 4 decreased LVP in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was blocked in the presence of L-NAME. All these data indicate that 1) the positive inotropic activity exerted by compound 3 was through type L calcium channel activation; 2) the negative inotropic effect of 4 was via nitric oxide synthase activation. These phenomena could be due to the different functional groups involved in the chemical structure of compounds 3 and 4.

Endophytic microorganisms have a wide genetic diversity, being very useful for agriculture, for producing growth regulators and making nutrients available to plants. In this context, this research aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from bamboo Guadua sp., in order to evaluate the use of these microorganisms in promoting plant growth in yam plants (Dioscorea rotundata Poir). For this, the macromorphological characteristics of bacterial colonies were studied: shape, borders, consistency, color, brightness. Micromorphological analysis was performed using the Gram method. Biological tests of phosphate solubilization, biological nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid production were carried out, where the bacteria with the best results were selected to assess the potential to promote the growth of white yam plants. The growth experiment consisted of four treatments: a control (without inoculation) and three treatments with endophytic bacteria, inoculated in pre-acclimated yam plants. Each treatment consisted of 6 repetitions with 5 plants per plot, totaling 30 plants per treatment. The colonies showed similar patterns of morphological characteristics for the three collection sites, with characteristics such as "circular" shape, "entire" border, "creamy" consistency, "brown" color and "bright" shine. We observed that 39.1% of the bacteria were able to perform phosphate solubilization, 61.9% performed atmospheric nitrogen fixation and 26.9% performed indole acetic acid synthesis. The results showed that the endophytic bacteria isolated from Guadua sp. did not promote dry matter accumulation of white yam plants after 45 days of cultivation in a nursery.

African swine fever (ASF) is currently causing a major pandemic affecting the swine industry and protein availability from Central Europe to East and South Asia. No commercial vaccines are available, making disease control dependent on the elimination of affected animals. Here, we show that the deletion of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) E184L gene from the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G) isolate produces a reduction in virus virulence during the infection in swine. Of domestic pigs intramuscularly inoculated with a recombinant virus lacking the E184L gene (ASFV-G-ΔE184L), 40% experienced a significantly (5 days) delayed presentation of clinical disease and, overall, had a 60% rate of survival compared to animals inoculated with the virulent parental ASFV-G. Importantly, all animals surviving ASFV-G-ΔE184L infection developed a strong antibody response and were protected when challenged with ASFV-G. As expected, a pool of sera from ASFV-G-ΔE184L-inoculated animals lacked any detectable antibody response to peptides partially representing the E184L protein, while sera from animals inoculated with an efficacious vaccine candidate, ASFV-G-ΔMGF, strongly recognize the same set of peptides. These results support the potential use of the E184L deletion for the development of vaccines able to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Therefore, it is shown here that the E184L gene is a novel ASFV determinant of virulence that can potentially be used to increase safety in preexisting vaccine candidates, as well as to provide them with DIVA capabilities. To our knowledge, E184L is the first ASFV gene product experimentally shown to be a functional DIVA antigenic marker. IMPORTANCE No commercial vaccines are available to prevent African swine fever (ASF). The ASF pandemic caused by the ASF virus Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G) strain is seriously affecting pork production in a contiguous geographical area from Central Europe to East Asia. The only effective experimental vaccines are viruses attenuated by deleting ASFV genes associated with virus virulence. Therefore, identification of such genes is of critical importance for vaccine development. Here, we report the discovery of a novel determinant of ASFV virulence, the E184L gene. Deletion of the E184L gene from the ASFV-G genome (ASFV-G-ΔE184L) produced a reduction in virus virulence, and importantly, animals surviving infection with ASFV-G-ΔE184L were protected from developing ASF after challenge with the virulent parental virus ASFV-G. Importantly, the virus protein encoded by E184L is highly immunogenic, making a virus lacking this gene a vaccine candidate that allows the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Here, we show that unlike what is observed in animals inoculated with the vaccine candidate ASFV-G-ΔMGF, ASFV-G-ΔE184L-inoculated animals do not mount a E184L-specific antibody response, indicating the feasibility of using the E184L deletion as the antigenic marker for the development of a DIVA vaccine in ASFV. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

- Label: BACKGROUND NlmCategory: BACKGROUND content: The presence of Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites in the human bone marrow (BM) is still controversial. However, recent data from a clinical case and experimental infections in splenectomized nonhuman primates unequivocally demonstrated the presence of parasites in this tissue. - Label: METHODS NlmCategory: METHODS content: In the current study, we analyzed BM aspirates of 7 patients during the acute attack and 42 days after drug treatment. RNA extracted from CD71+ cell suspensions was used for sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. - Label: RESULTS NlmCategory: RESULTS content: We demonstrated the presence of parasites in all patients during acute infections. To provide further insights, we purified CD71+ BM cells and demonstrated dyserythropoiesis and inefficient erythropoiesis in all patients. In addition, RNA sequencing from 3 patients showed that genes related to erythroid maturation were down-regulated during acute infections, whereas immune response genes were up-regulated. - Label: CONCLUSIONS NlmCategory: CONCLUSIONS content: This study thus shows that during P. vivax infections, parasites are always present in the BM and that such infections induced dyserythropoiesis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Moreover, infections induce transcriptional changes associated with such altered erythropoietic response, thus highlighting the importance of this hidden niche during natural infections.

Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended GWAS meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3,260 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12,483 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a highly pleiotropic ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung., Andre Franke and David Ellinghaus were supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01KI20197), Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus and Frauke Degenhardt were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence “Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation” (EXC2167). David Ellinghaus was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the Computational Life Sciences funding concept (CompLS grant 031L0165). David Ellinghaus, Karina Banasik and Søren Brunak acknowledge the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant NNF14CC0001 and NNF17OC0027594). Tobias L. Lenz, Ana Teles and Onur Özer were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project numbers 279645989; 433116033; 437857095. Mareike Wendorff and Hesham ElAbd are supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Research Training Group 1743, "Genes, Environment and Inflammation". This project was supported by a Covid-19 grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; ID: 01KI20197). Luca Valenti received funding from: Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute RF2016-02364358, Italian Ministry of Health ""CV PREVITAL – strategie di prevenzione primaria cardiovascolare primaria nella popolazione italiana; The European Union (EU) Programme Horizon 2020 (under grant agreement No. 777377) for the project LITMUS- and for the project ""REVEAL""; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ""Ricerca corrente"", Fondazione Sviluppo Ca' Granda ""Liver-BIBLE"" (PR-0391), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ""5permille"" ""COVID-19 Biobank"" (RC100017A). Andrea Biondi was supported by the grant from Fondazione Cariplo to Fondazione Tettamanti: "Biobanking of Covid-19 patient samples to support national and international research (Covid-Bank). This research was partly funded by a MIUR grant to the Department of Medical Sciences, under the program "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022". This study makes use of data generated by the GCAT-Genomes for Life. Cohort study of the Genomes of Catalonia, Fundació IGTP. IGTP is part of the CERCA Program / Generalitat de Catalunya. GCAT is supported by Acción de Dinamización del ISCIIIMINECO and the Ministry of Health of the Generalitat of Catalunya (ADE 10/00026); the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017-SGR 529). Marta Marquié received research funding from ant PI19/00335 Acción Estratégica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National RDI Plan and financed by ISCIIISubdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-Una manera de hacer Europa")., Beatriz Cortes is supported by national grants PI18/01512. Xavier Farre is supported by VEIS project (001-P-001647) (cofunded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to build Europe”). Additional data included in this study was obtained in part by the COVICAT Study Group (Cohort Covid de Catalunya) supported by IsGlobal and IGTP, EIT COVID-19 Rapid Response activity 73A and SR20-01024 La Caixa Foundation. Antonio Julià and Sara Marsal were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers: PSE-010000-2006-6 and IPT-010000-2010-36). Antonio Julià was also supported the by national grant PI17/00019 from the Acción Estratégica en Salud (ISCIII) and the FEDER. The Basque Biobank is a hospitalrelated platform that also involves all Osakidetza health centres, the Basque government's Department of Health and Onkologikoa, is operated by the Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF. Mario Cáceres received Grants BFU2016-77244-R and PID2019-107836RB-I00 funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, EU). Manuel Romero Gómez, Javier Ampuero Herrojo, Rocío Gallego Durán and Douglas Maya Miles are supported by the “Spanish Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Competition, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (PI19/01404, PI16/01842, PI19/00589, PI17/00535 and GLD19/00100), and by the Andalussian government (Proyectos Estratégicos-Fondos Feder PE-0451-2018, COVID-Premed, COVID GWAs). The position held by Itziar de Rojas Salarich is funded by grant FI20/00215, PFIS Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud. Enrique Calderón's team is supported by CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III". Jan Cato Holter reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312780 during the conduct of the study. Dr. Solligård: reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312769. The BioMaterialBank Nord is supported by the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN). The BioMaterialBank Nord is member of popgen 2.0 network (P2N). Philipp Koehler has received non-financial scientific grants from Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, and the Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. He is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)., Oliver A. Cornely is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education and is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – CECAD, EXC 2030 – 390661388. The COMRI cohort is funded by Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Genotyping was performed by the Genotyping laboratory of Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM Technology Centre, University of Helsinki. This work was supported by grants of the Rolf M. Schwiete Stiftung, the Saarland University, BMBF and The States of Saarland and Lower Saxony. Kerstin U. Ludwig is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, LU-1944/3-1). Genotyping for the BoSCO study is funded by the Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn. Frank Hanses was supported by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Arts. Part of the genotyping was supported by a grant to Alfredo Ramirez from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant: 01ED1619A, European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) within the context of the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND). Additional funding was derived from the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant: RA 1971/6-1 to Alfredo Ramirez. Philip Rosenstiel is supported by the DFG (CCGA Sequencing Centre and DFG ExC2167 PMI and by SH state funds for COVID19 research). Florian Tran is supported by the Clinician Scientist Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence “Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation” (EXC2167). Christoph Lange and Jan Heyckendorf are supported by the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). Thorsen Brenner, Marc M Berger, Oliver Witzke und Anke Hinney are supported by the Stiftung Universitätsmedizin Essen. Marialbert Acosta-Herrera was supported by Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion program, grant IJC2018-035131-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Eva C Schulte is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHU 2419/2-1).

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in aged populations. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are under evaluation as a therapeutic option for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Aim: This study aimed to develop a large-scale manufacturing procedure to harvest clinical-grade EVs required for the translation of EVs to the clinic. Methods and Results: We compared the efficiency of large scale MSC-derived EV production and characterized EV miRNA cargo using the Quantum bioreactor with either fetal bovine serum or human platelet lysate (PLT)-containing expansion media. We tested the potency of the EV products in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction. Our results demonstrate an advantage of the Quantum bioreactor as a large-scale platform for EV production using PLT media; however, both media produced EVs with similar effects in vivo. The systemic delivery of EV products improved cardiac function following myocardial infarctions as indicated by a significant improvement in ejection fraction as well as parameters of cardiac performance, afterload, contractility and lusitropy. Conclusion: These findings have important implications for scale-up strategies of EVs and will facilitate clinical trials for their clinical evaluation., One sentence summary: Large scale manufacturing of MSC-derived EVs is feasible and when delivered systemically, improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction.

The occurrence of diseases is a limiting factor in the development of sorghum crop. Among the diseases that causes losses in sorghum production, anthracnose is the main and most severe, mainly by the genetic variability of the pathogen. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of Colletotrichum sublineolum isolates. DNA were extracted from 56 monosporic isolates of C. sublineolum using a DNA extraction kit, and to perform the analysis of genetic diversity of the isolates were used ISSR primers. After amplification, it was determined the polymorphic information content (PIC), allelic frequency, UPGMA and Tocher clustering analyzes and, using software Structure, the genetic structure. According to the descriptive analysis of the genetic variability of C. Sublineolum isolates, primer AP1 presented the higher value of polymorphic information content (PIC). The higher allelic frequency was observed in loci 06, 09, 10, and 24, and the lowest in locus 02. As for the clustering method, it was observed a tendency of grouping C. sublineolum isolates according the geographic origin and, in addition to demonstrating the genetic variability between the C. sublineolum isolates, it was observed the occurrence of introgression among the isolates. La aparición de enfermedades es un factor limitante en el desarrollo del cultivo de sorgo. Entre las enfermedades que ocasionan pérdidas en la producción de sorgo, la antracnosis es la principal y más grave, principalmente por la variabilidad genética del patógeno. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la variabilidad genética de aislados de Colletotrichum sublineolum. Se extrajo ADN de 56 aislados monospóricos de C. sublineolum utilizando un kit de extracción de ADN, y para realizar el análisis de diversidad genética de los aislados se utilizaron cebadores ISSR. Después de la amplificación, se determinó el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC), la frecuencia alélica, los análisis de agrupamiento de UPGMA y Tocher y, utilizando el software Structure, la estructura genética. Según el análisis descriptivo de la variabilidad genética de los aislados de C. Sublineolum, el cebador AP1 presentó el mayor valor de contenido de información polimórfica (PIC). La mayor frecuencia alélica se observó en los loci 06, 09, 10 y 24, y la menor en el locus 02. En cuanto al método de agrupamiento, se observó una tendencia a agrupar los aislados de C. sublineolum según el origen geográfico y, además de demostrando la variabilidad genética entre los aislados de C. sublineolum, se observó la ocurrencia de introgresión entre los aislados. A ocorrência de doenças é um fator limitante no desenvolvimento da cultura do sorgo. Dentre as doenças que causam prejuízos na produção de sorgo, a antracnose é a principal e mais severa, principalmente pela variabilidade genética do patógeno. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de isolados de Colletotrichum sublineolum. O DNA foi extraído de 56 isolados monospóricos de C. sublineolum por meio de um kit de extração de DNA, e para realizar a análise da diversidade genética dos isolados foram utilizados os primers ISSR. Após a amplificação, determinou-se o conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC), frequência alélica, análises de agrupamento UPGMA e Tocher e, por meio do software Structure, a estrutura genética. De acordo com a análise descritiva da variabilidade genética dos isolados de C. Sublineolum, o primer AP1 apresentou o maior valor de conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC). A maior frequência alélica foi observada nos locos 06, 09, 10 e 24, e a menor no locus 02. Quanto ao método de agrupamento, observou-se uma tendência de agrupar os isolados de C. sublineolum de acordo com a origem geográfica e, além de demonstrando a variabilidade genética entre os isolados de C. sublineolum, foi observada a ocorrência de introgressão entre os isolados.

Antecedentes: Xilema y floema secundarios son derivados del cambium vascular y su dinámica (cribo-xilogénesis) se ha estudiado en coníferas y dicotiledóneas que crecen en un mismo sitio. Estudios que evalúen la cribo-xilogénesis en especies de amplia distribución altitudinal y con diferentes formas de vida son escasos. Pregunta: ¿existen diferencias en la actividad cambial y cribo-xilogénesis entre especies con distintas formas de vida y distribución diferencial en un gradiente altitudinal? Especies de estudio: Alchemilla procumbens , Acaena elongata y Ribes ciliatum . Sitio de estudio y fechas: Cerro Tláloc, Sierra Nevada, Estado de México, México, de 2015 a 2017. Métodos: Se recolectaron ramas durante 24 meses por especie por sitio y los tejidos se procesaron a través de la técnica de inclusión en metilcrilato. Resultados: Las tres especies pueden diferenciar el floema antes que el xilema, ser simultánea en ambos tejidos ( Alchemilla ) o el floema ser no conductor antes de finalizar la xilogénesis ( Acaena ). Los periodos de actividad cambial y de cribo-xilogénesis fueron más largos (17 semanas) en Acaena (hemicriptófita) y Ribes (fanerófita), mientras que en Alchemilla (criptófita) fueron más cortos pero intermitentes a lo largo del año y ambos se redujeron aún más con el incremento en la altitud. Conclusiones: La actividad cambial y la xilogénesis entre individuos de diferentes altitudes sugieren que ambos son plásticos y que responden a factores ambientales de cada sitio. En las tres especies, la cribogénesis es menos variable que la xilogénesis como se ha registrado en otras especies. La respuesta rápida de cambium vascular en Alchemilla sugiere que aprovecha los pulsos de factores ambientales beneficiosos para la cribo-xilogénesis.

Malaria is a disease of global tropical distribution, being endemic in more than 90 countries and responsible for about 212 million cases worldwide in 2016. To date, the strategies used to eradicate this disease have been ineffective, without specific preventive measures such as vaccines. Currently, the existing therapeutic arsenal is limited and has become ineffective against the expansion of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium, demonstrating the need for studies that would allow the development of new compounds against this disease. In this context, we studied the volatile oil obtained from rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus (VOCA), a plant species commonly found in the Amazon region and popularly used as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of malaria, in order to confirm its potential as an antimalarial agent by in vitro and in vivo assays. We cultured Plasmodium falciparum W2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strains in erythrocytes and exposed them to VOCA at different concentrations in 96-well microplates. In vivo antimalarial activity was tested in BALB/c mice inoculated with approximately 106 erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei. VOCA showed a high antimalarial potential against the two P. falciparum strains, with IC50 = 1.21 μg mL-1 for W2 and 2.30 μg mL-1 for 3D7. VOCA also significantly reduced the parasitemia and anemia induced by P. berghei in mice. Our results confirmed the antimalarial potential of the volatile oil of Cyperus articulatus. RESUMO A malária é uma doença de distribuição tropical, sendo endêmica em mais de 90 países, responsável por cerca de 212 milhões de casos reportados ao redor do mundo em 2016. As estratégias de erradicação dessa doença são ineficazes até o presente, sem medidas de prevenção específica, como vacinas. Atualmente, o arsenal terapêutico existente é limitado e vem se tornando ineficaz frente à expansão de plasmódios resistentes a artemisinina, evidenciando a necessidade de estudos que viabilizem o desenvolvimento de novos compostos contra a doença. Nesse contexto, estudamos o óleo essencial obtido de rizomas de Cyperus articulatus (VOCA), uma espécie vegetal comumente encontrada na região amazônica, utilizada popularmente como alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento de malária. Visamos confirmar o potencial antimalárico da planta através de testes in vitro e in vivo. Utilizamos cepas de Plasmodium falciparum W2 (cloroquina-resistente) e 3D7 (cloroquina-sensível) cultivadas em hemácias e expostas ao VOCA em microplacas de 96 poços. A atividade antimalárica in vivo foi testada em camundongos da linhagem BALB/c infectados com aproximadamente 106 eritrócitos parasitados por Plasmodium berghei. O VOCA apresentou alto potencial antimalárico (IC50 < 10 µg ml-1) frente às duas cepas de P. falciparum testadas (IC50=1,21 µg ml-1 para W2 e 2,3 µg ml-1 para 3D7). Além disso, houve redução significativa da parasitemia induzida por P. Berghei em camundongos tratados com EOAC, e também observamos diminuição da anemia, uma sintomatologia provocada pela infecção. Nossos resultados confirmam o potencial antimalárico do óleo essencial de Cyperus articulatus.

Several aromatase inhibitors have used for the treatment of breast cancer; however, some of these drugs may produce some side effects such as endometrial cancer and bone loss. The aim of this study was to synthesize two new azete-steroid derivatives (compounds 9 or 10) to evaluate its theoretical interaction with an aromatase enzyme (2wd3) using anastrozole and exemestane as controls in a docking model. The preparation of 9 and 10 was carried out using a series of reactions which involves amination, etherification, nitration, and addition. Chemical structure of the compounds was confirmed using elemental analysis and NMR spectrum. The results showed that compounds 9 or 10 could bind to a different type of aminoacid residues involved in of 2wd3 protein surface compared anastrozole and exemestane; this phenomenon may exert changes in the biological activity of aromatase enzyme. All data suggest that compounds 9 or 10 could be an alternative for the treatment of breast cancer.

Background To evaluate the appropriateness of chemotherapy use at the Oncology Department of the Bugando Medical Centre of Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods The study was an observational prevalence‐based study designed to evaluate a single‐chemotherapy cycle during a defined time period for a cross‐section of patients at varying stages of their clinical history. The sample included 103 consecutive subjects who were treated during January‐March 2017 and had at least one previous cycle. Chemotherapy treatment omissions, cycle delays, and dose reductions and their causes were recorded using a standard form that included demographic, anthropometric, and clinical items. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results There were 59 males (57.3%) and 44 females (42.7%). Ninety‐four patients were aged ≥18 years. Considering cancer type/site, there were 23 distinct groups of patients. The recorded number of drugs in the chemotherapy regimens varied between one and five. The median cycle number was three (range: 2‐11). Sixty‐eight (66.0%) patients were treated in a standard fashion. For the remaining, cycle delay and dose reduction were the most common cause for nonstandard treatment. Hematologic toxicity was responsible for the greater part of cycle delays, whereas dose reductions were accounted for by a larger spectrum of causes. Overall, toxicity explained 21/35 (60.0%) patients receiving nonstandard treatment. The distribution of toxic events was skewed toward grade 1 and grade 2. Conclusions The observed level of appropriateness of chemotherapy was encouraging. The proportion of patients experiencing severe toxic effects was lower than expected., The study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of chemotherapy use at the Oncology Department of the Bugando Medical Centre of Mwanza, Tanzania. The study was an observational prevalence‐based study designed to evaluate a single‐chemotherapy cycle during a defined time period for a cross‐section of patients at varying stages of their clinical history. The observed level of appropriateness of chemotherapy was encouraging. The proportion of patients experiencing severe toxic effects was lower than expected.

Serratia liquefaciens strain FG3 (SlFG3), isolated from the flower of Stachytarpheta glabra in the Brazilian ferruginous fields, has distinctive genomic, adaptive, and biotechnological potential. Herein, using a combination of genomics and molecular approaches, we unlocked the evolution of the adaptive traits acquired by S1FG3, which exhibits the second largest chromosome containing the largest conjugative plasmids described for Serratia. Comparative analysis revealed the presence of 18 genomic islands and 311 unique protein families involved in distinct adaptive features. S1FG3 has a diversified repertoire of genes associated with Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs/PKS), a complete and functional cluster related to cellulose synthesis, and an extensive and functional repertoire of oxidative metabolism genes. In addition, S1FG3 possesses a complete pathway related to protocatecuate and chloroaromatic degradation, and a complete repertoire of genes related to DNA repair and protection that includes mechanisms related to UV light tolerance, redox process resistance, and a laterally acquired capacity to protect DNA using phosphorothioation. These findings summarize that SlFG3 is well-adapted to different biotic and abiotic stress situations imposed by extreme conditions associated with ferruginous fields, unlocking the impact of the lateral gene transfer to adjust the genome for extreme environments, and providing insight into the evolution of prokaryotes. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brazil (CAPES)CAPES [001, CFP 51/2013, 3385/2013]; National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [481226/2013-3]; Foundation of Protection to Research of the State of Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG [APQ-02387-14, APQ-02357-17]; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Fundect-MS [TO 141/2016, TO 007/2015, 007/2015 SIAFEM 025139]; UFOP grants; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences UNESP, Jaboticabal campus Thanks to all members of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LBBM, Federal University of Ouro Preto, UFOP) and to the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences UNESP, Jaboticabal campus, for their support. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 - (the BIGA Project, CFP 51/2013, process 3385/2013), National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq Process 481226/2013-3), and Foundation of Protection to Research of the State of Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG (process APQ-02387-14 and process APQ-02357-17). LMM, JCS, AMV, NFA and JAF have a research fellowship from CNPq. NFA has grants from Fundect-MS (TO 141/2016 and TO 007/2015) and Fundect-MS (007/2015 SIAFEM 025139). LAGM and LMM have UFOP grants. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance pose a threat to public health globally. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes can disseminate among environments, animals and humans. Therefore, investigation into potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria is of great importance to the understanding of putative transmission routes of resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study aimed to report the occurrence of Escherichia coli harboring the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing gene (blaKPC) in Psittaciformes rescued from wildlife trafficking in Para&iacute, ba State, Brazil. Cloacal swabs were collected from thirty birds and cultured by conventional microbiology using MacConkey and serum tryptone glucose glycerol (STGG) media supplemented with selective antimicrobials. E. coli isolates (n = 43) were identified by phenotypic tests and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by means of Kirby&ndash, Bauer test. All isolates were further screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, and putative genes encoding ESBL were investigated by PCR. Additionally, blaKPC-harboring strains were genotyped by REP-PCR. A total of 43 E. coli phenotypically resistant isolates were recovered. The highest resistance rate was observed against ciprofloxacin. Among the resistance genes, only blaKPC was found in seven different birds from three species. According to the genotyping, these seven isolates belonged to four different strains. To date, this is the first report on the occurrence of KPC-E. coli in Psittaciformes rescued from trafficking in Northeastern Brazil. Due to the high clinical importance of KPC-E. coli, our findings suggest that wild animals in captivity at wildlife rescue centers can play a role as reservoirs of bacteria that are resistance to Critically Important antimicrobials in human medicine.