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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but the clinical effect of drug therapy such as irinotecan is not an ideal way at present. In recent years, probiotics have attracted much attention, and the combination of probiotics may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of CRC. This work proposed a cellular chip-MS system, to study the synergistic effects of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L.GG) and irinotecan on HCT116 cells by cell viability and on-line mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The double-layer chip sandwiched with a polycarbonate membrane can co-culture HCT116 cells and L.GG. And the solid phase microextraction chip can be used for desalination and concentration. Finally, the extracted chemicals were entered the electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight MS to detect irinotecan metabolites. The results showed that with the increasing concentration of co-cultured L.GG, the percentage of living HCT116 cells decreased, but the relative amount of metabolized SN-38 by HCT116 cells increased. Therefore, the microfluidic system can be used to detect and monitor the synergistic effect of irinotecan-L.GG combination on HCT116 cells. In summary, our study provided experimental evidence for the first time with potential applications of irinotecan-L.GG combination in CRC treatment, and the cellular chip-MS system as a powerful tool can be used in the experiments of probiotics as new drugs.

espanolObjetivo: Comparar la incidencia de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) en mujeres con tres o mas factores de riesgo para desarrollar DMG suplementadas con mioinositol mas probioticos versus mujeres sin suplementacion. Material y metodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, grupo 1, mujeres con suplementacion (mioinositol 2 g mas Bifidobacterium lactis y Lactobacillus rhamnosus 5x108unidades formadoras de colonias, dos veces al dia, de las 12-14 hasta las 28 semanas de gestacion); grupo 2, mujeres con control prenatal habitual sin suplementacion, pareadas por edad e indice de masa corporal (IMC). El resultado primario fue la incidencia de DMG utilizando los criterios de la Asociacion Internacional de Grupos de Estudio de Diabetes y Embarazo. Resultados: Grupo 1, n = 48, y grupo 2 n = 96. No hubo diferencias significativas en caracteristicas basales como edad, IMC, y numero de factores de riesgo entre los grupos. La incidencia de DMG en el grupo 1 fue n = 14 (29.2%) y en el grupo 2 n = 46 (47.9%); RR: 0.61 (IC 95%: 0.37-0.99; p = 0.03). Conclusiones: La suplementacion desde las 12-14 semanas de gestacion con mioinositol mas probioticos disminuye la incidencia de DMG en mujeres mexicanas. EnglishAim: To compare the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with three or more risk factor to developing GDM supplemented with myo-inositol plus probiotics versus women care without supplementation. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, group 1, women with supplementation (myo-inositol 2g plus Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 5x108 UFC, twice per day, from 12-14 to 28 weeks of gestation; group 2, women with prenatal care without supplementation, matched by age and body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome was the incidence of GDM using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Results: Group 1 n=48, group 2 n=96. There were no significant baseline differences between groups in age, BMI and number of risk factors. The incidence of GDM in group 1 was n=14 (29.2%), and for group 2 n=46 (47.9%); RR: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.37-0.99; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Supplementation from 12-14 weeks of gestation with myo-inositol plus probiotics decrease the incidence of GDM in Mexican women.

This study aims to evaluate calcium bioavailability through serum calcium level in pregnant rats treated with two Milk-Based Drinks (MBD) containing Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), i.e Lactobacillus Casei Shirota Strain (LcS) drink, and Four Strains Bacteria (FS) (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles). It was a completely randomized experimental study using 24 Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were divided into one negative control group with a normal nutritional status (A0) and three undernourished groups. The undernourished groups were divided into one positive control group (A1), one group receiving MBD containing LcS group (A2), and another group receiving MBD containing FS (A3). All rats received high protein diets during pregnancy. The intervention was started in early pregnancy (D0) until 19 days of pregnancy (D19). Blood samples were collected at the D0 and D19. No significant differences in food intake were found among the rats in all groups. Administration of MBD containing LAB in A2 and A3 showed significant (p 0.05). The results suggest that MBDs containing LAB are useful in enhancing calcium bioavailability.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T10:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Fluconazole-sensitive (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) C. albicans were grown as single-species and dual-species biofilms with Lactobacillus casei (Lc) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr). Single-species Lc and Lr were also evaluated. Biofilm analysis included viable plate counts, the extracellular matrix components, biomass, and structural organization. Lc reduced the viability of CaS, water-soluble polysaccharides, and eDNA in CaS + Lc biofilm. Lc biofilm presented more eDNA than CaS. The total biomass of CaS + Lc biofilm was higher than the single-species biofilms. The viability of Lc and Lr was reduced by CaR dual-species biofilms. The total and insoluble biomass in CaS + Lr was higher than in single-species CaS biofilms. Lc hindered the growth of CaS, and their association hampered matrix components linked to the structural integrity of the biofilm. These findings allow understanding of how the implementation of probiotics influences the growth of C. albicans biofilms and thereby helps with the development of novel approaches to control these biofilms. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry Department of Cariology Operative Dentistry & Dental Public Health Indiana University School of Dentistry Department of Surgery and Diagnosis São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry Department of Surgery and Diagnosis São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry

Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, has been approved as the first-line drug for treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and supraventricular tachycardia. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, one of the normal strains in human intestinal tract, is very popular in the probiotic market for conferring a health benefit on the host. This report investigated the potential of gut microbiota-drug interactions between lactobacillus rhamnosus and verapamil via using wild type (WT) and Cyp3a1/2 knockout (KO) rats. In WT rats, administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus for 14 days decreased systemic exposure of verapamil and increased its metabolite norverapamil in vivo, and resulted in gut microbiota-drug interactions. In Cyp3a1/2 KO rats, however, this interaction disappeared. Further studies found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced CYP3A activity and expression, and changed the composition of gut microbiota, thus changing the pharmacokinetics of verapamil. These results demonstrated the interaction between lactobacillus rhamnosus and verapamil, and indicated that the effect of gut microbiota on metabolic enzymes cannot be ignored.

Bit merupakan tanaman berbentuk akar mirip umbi-umbian. Bit sangat bermanfaat untuk dijadikan sebagai tambahan dalam bahan pangan karena mengandung antioksidan tinggi, vitamin C yang tinggi serta memiliki senyawa antibakteri yang mampu menghambat aktivitas pertumbuhan bakteri gram positif dan bakteri gram negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas kemampuan susu kambing fermentasi menggunakan L. rhamnosus dan penambahan jus bit dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen usus. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 (lima) perlakuan yaitu P0 = Kontrol, P1 = 2% jus bit, P2 = 4% jus bit, P3 = 6% jus bit, dan P4 = 8% jus bit dengan 4 (empat) kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan jus bit dengan persentase berbeda pada susu kambing fermentasi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap kemampuan susu fermentasi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi namun berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap kemampuan susu fermentasi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli.The Effectiveness Fermentation of Goat’s Milk Using Lactobacillus rhamnosus Bacteria with Addition of Beetroot Juice (Beta vulgaris L.) In Inhibiting The Growth of Intestinal Pathogenic BacteriaBeetroot is a root-shaped plant similar to tubers. Beetroot is very useful to be used as an addition in food ingredients because of its content such as high antioxidants, high vitamin C and has antibacterial compounds that are able to inhibit the growth activity of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of fermented goat milk capabilities using L. rhamnosus and the addition of beet juice in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic gut bacteria. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 (five) treatments namely P0 = Control, P1 = 2% beet juice, P2 = 4% beet juice, P3 = 6% beet juice, and P4 = 8% beet juice with 4 (four) times the replay. The data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), if there are noticeable differences then continued with Duncan's multiple distance test. The results showed that the addition of beet juice with a different percentage in fermented goat milk had no real effect (P0.05) on the ability of fermented milk to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria but had a very real effect (P0.01) on the ability of fermented milk to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.

One of the food products commonly contaminated by Salmonella is raw chicken. In wet markets in Southeast Asian countries, chicken carcasses frequently were handled and sold at abused temperatures, above the refrigeration temperatures (>5°C), thus could support the growth of Salmonella. One way to extend the shelf life of raw chicken carcasses at room temperature is by reducing the initial contamination using sanitisers such as ozone micro-bubble water (OMBW) or hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The other option is by adding bio-preservative agents such as lactic acid bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sanitisers in reducing the initial contamination and the potential of lactic acid bacteria in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella in raw chicken fillets stored at abused temperatures. Chicken fillets were artificially inoculated with Salmonella (~5 log CFU/g) and rinsed for 5 minutes with sterile water, OMBW (1 and 2 ppm), or NaOCl solution (50 and 100 ppm). The results showed that washing the chicken fillets with NaOCl 100 ppm gave the most reduction of Salmonella counts. However, there were no significant effects regarding the inhibition of Salmonella growth during temperature abuse between those previously washed with OMBW or sterile water. The addition of L. rhamnosus R23 (6 log CFU/g and 8 log CFU/g) did not significantly inhibit the growth of Salmonella as compared to the control.

The enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) from destarched wheat bran with a GH11 xylanase was studied. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) produced were separated into different fractions according to their degree of polymerization (DP) and the nature of their substituents: arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOs) with a DP from 2 to 3 and DP from 2 to 6 and feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (FAXOs) esterified by ferulic and p-coumaric acids with a DP from 3 to 6. Both AXOs (short and long DP) and FAXOs stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella copri similarly but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The utilization of AXOs and FAXOs as a carbon source resulted in the increase in turbidity, decrease in pH, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the culture broth. The highest amount of SCFAs was produced by F. prausnitzii using FAXOs. Results suggest that FAXOs and AXOs have the potential to be considered as prebiotics.

Objective: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are responsible for a considerable amount of healthcare-associated infections. In this study, we investigated the ability of three probiotic organisms to eliminate VRE colonization or protect against gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium-induced injury in a rat model.

Goal. To study the fungistatic and antagonistic properties of the complex of probiotic cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus concerning the epizootic topical saprophyte Aspergillus flavus. Methods. Accepted and developed in the laboratory of toxicological monitoring mycological and bacteriological methods of cultivation and identification. Results. When studying the fungistatic properties of probiotic cultures of S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricum and L. rhamnosus against Aspergillus flavus, it was found that the complex of lactic acid bacteria in dilutions of 2·109, 2·108, 2·107, 2·106 and 2·105 bacterial cells under exposure time for 60, 90 and 120 min at a temperature of 20±0.5 and 37±0.5°C did not have effect on the growth retardation of the museum strain and field isolate of A. flavus. Continuous growth was observed of test cultures of micromycetes, compared with its complete absence in negative control with nystatin. When studying the antagonistic properties of probiotic cultures of S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricum, L. rhamnosus in dilutions of 2·109, 2·108, 2·107, 2·106 and 2·105 bacterial cells for 18-20 h of incubation at a temperature of 37,0±0.5°C growth retardation zones of the museum strain and field isolate of A. flavus were not detected, whereas in the negative control, the diameter of the growth retardation zone was 24 and 26 mm, respectively. That is, probiotic cultures of S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricum, L. rhamnosus did not show antagonistic properties against the museum strain and field isolate of A. flavus. Conclusions. The complex of probiotic cultures of S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricum, L. rhamnosus in concentrations of 2·109, 2·108, 2·107, 2·106 and 2·105 in experiments in vitro did not show fungistatic and antagonistic properties. The continuous growth of A. flavus was found in all studied dilutions, compared with its complete absence in negative controls with nystatin.

Gut microbes play an important role in the development of host B cells. It has been controversial whether GALT is the development site of B cells in pigs. By investigating the relationship between gut microbes and the development of B cells in the GALT of piglets, we found, to our knowledge for the first time, that early B cells exist in the gut lamina propria (LP) in pigs at different ages. We further used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to treat piglets. The results showed that LGG promotes the development of the early B lineage, affects the composition of the Ig CDR3 repertoires of B cells, and promotes the production of IgA in the intestinal LP. Additionally, we found that the p40 protein derived from LGG can activate the EGFR/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, inducing porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) to secrete a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which promotes IgA production in B cells. Finally, we identified ARF4 and DIF3 as candidates for p40 receptors on IPEC-J2 by GST pull-down, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation. In conclusion, LGG could promote early B cell differentiation and development in the intestinal LP in piglets and might contribute to promoting IgA production via secretion of p40, which interacts with the membrane receptors on IPEC-J2 and induces them to secrete APRIL. Our study will provide insight to aid in better utilization of probiotics to increase human health.

Cocaine abuse is known to cause inflammation, oxidative injury and alterations in the gut microbiota. Although emerging studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota in modulating neurological complications and behavior, the mechanism(s) underlying these processes remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic on cocaine-induced oxidative stress, glial activation, and locomotion in mice. In this study, groups of male C56BL6 mice were administered gut-resident commensal bacteria L. rhamnosus probiotic (oral gavage) concurrently with cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 28 days and assessed for oxidative stress and cellular activation in both the gut and brain as well as alterations in locomotion behavior. Cocaine-induced gut dysregulation was associated with increased formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts, increased expression of pERK-1/2, pNF-kB-p65 and antioxidant mediators (SOD1, GPx1). In cocaine administered mice, there was increased activation of both microglia and astrocytes in the striatum and cortex of the brain as shown by enhanced expression of CD11b and GFAP, respectively. Cocaine administration also resulted in increased locomotor activity in the open field test in these mice. Administration of L. rhamnosus attenuated cocaine-induced gut oxidative stress and inflammation as well as glial activation and locomotion. These results suggest the potential of microbial-based interventions to attenuate cocaine-mediated behavioral responses and neuroinflammation, in addition to systemic inflammation and oxidative damage.

Sepsis is a state of host immune response triggered by virus or bacterial infection, in which the extent of regional and systemic inflammation and companion counter‐inflammatory reactions determines disease outcomes. Probiotics are known for the immunomodulatory effect on allergic disorders, but it is not clear whether the beneficiary effect extends to sepsis and increases survival. In this mouse model, we injected intraperitoneally lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce sepsis, and investigated whether the pretreatment of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) contributed to host survival and examined the alteration of the gut microbiota and blood cytokines/chemokines profile before sepsis induction. Four‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: one group were fed daily with LGG as a dietary supplement for fourteen days, whereas the other group with sterile water. Before sepsis induction, some mice from each group were killed to collect stool in the intestine and blood for microbial metagenomic and cytokine/chemokine analyses, respectively, and the rest were monitored afterward for mortality. The relative abundance of several families in the gut microbiota after LGG treatment was altered as well as the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. In addition, several pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as G‐CSF, IL7, IL15, and MCP1 were lower in the LGG group than in the control group. The survival rate following LPS‐induced sepsis improved with LGG treatment. Our results indicated that dietary supplement of probiotic LGG improved survival from LPS‐induced sepsis, most likely through pre‐septic changes in the gut microbial constituents by LGG with reciprocal alteration of host immune system to a less reactive state to incoming pathogens., LGG as dietary supplement decreased the F/B ratio of the gut microbiota and down‐regulated several pro‐inflammatory cyto‐kines/chemokines, but also increased survival rate in response to experimental sepsis.

Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus CRL1505 accumulates inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in its cytoplasm in response to environmental stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of polyP from the immunobiotic CRL1505 on an acute respiratory inflammation murine animal model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). First, the presence of polyP granules in the cytoplasm of CRL1505 strain was evidenced by specific staining. Then, it was demonstrated in the intracellular extracts (ICE) of CRL1505 that polyP chain length is greater than 45 phosphate residues. In addition, the functionality of the genes involved in the polyP metabolism (ppk, ppx1 and ppx2) was corroborated by RT-PCR. Finally, the possible effect of the ICE of CRL1505 strain containing polyP and a synthetic polyP was evaluated in vivo using a murine model of acute lung inflammation. It was observed that the level of cytokines pro-inflammatory (IL-17, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, INF-γ) in serum was normalized in mice treated with ICE, which would indicate that polyP prevents the local inflammatory response in the respiratory tract. The potential application of ICE from L. rhamnosus CRL1505 as a novel bioproduct for the treatment of respiratory diseases is one of the projections of this work. Fil: Correa Deza, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez de Olmos, Antonieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Suárez, Nadia Elina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Salva, Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Gerez, Carla Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of stomach diseases such as duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer, in this regard incomplete eradication of this bacterium has become to a serious concern. Probiotics are a group of the beneficial bacteria which increase the cure rate of H. pylori infections through various mechanisms such as competitive inhibition, co-aggregation ability, enhancing mucus production, production of bacteriocins, and modulating immune response. Result In this study, according to the received articles, the anti-H. pylori activities of probiotics were reviewed. Based on studies, administration of standard antibiotic therapy combined with probiotics plays an important role in the effective treatment of H. pylori infection. According to the literature, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively eradicate H. pylori infection. Our results showed that in addition to decrease gastrointestinal symptoms, probiotics can reduce the side effects of antibiotics (especially diarrhea) by altering the intestinal microbiome. Conclusion Nevertheless, antagonist activities of probiotics are H. pylori strain-specific. In general, these bacteria can be used for therapeutic purposes such as adjuvant therapy, drug-delivery system, as well as enhancing immune system against H. pylori infection.

Актуальність. На тлі гострої інфекційної патології в дітей існує ймовірність розвитку дегідратації, для ліквідації якої можливо використовувати розчини для оральної регідратації (оральна регідратаційна сіль — ОРС). При призначенні антибактеріальної терапії в 11–40 % дітей спостерігається антибіотик-асоційована діарея (ААД). Для профілактики розвитку ААД рекомендують застосовувати пробіотичні препарати. Мета: вивчити ефективність та переносимість розчину для оральної регідратації (Регідрон Біо) для підтримання водно-електролітного балансу та запобігання дисбіотичним порушенням у дітей із гострими інфекційними захворюваннями. Матеріали та методи. Було проведено спостереження за 60 дітьми віком від 3 до 14 років, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні на клінічній базі кафедри дитячих інфекційних хвороб НМУ ім. О.О. Богомольця й отримували антибактеріальну терапію. Основну групу становили 30 дітей, яким у комплексній терапії призначався розчин ОРС Регідрон Біо. Групу порівняння становили 30 дітей, які отримували стандартну терапію й компенсація втрат рідини яким проводилась традиційними засобами (чай, питна вода тощо). Результати. Серед симптомів зневоднення найчастіше виявлялись спрага та сухість слизових оболонок, які були присутні в 40–63 % хворих при надходженні до стаціонару. Відновлення водно-електролітного балансу за рахунок введення води та основних мінеральних речовин забезпечує швидке зникнення симптомів дегідратації. Діарея на тлі застосування антибактеріальної терапії спостерігалась у 10,0 % хворих, додаткове введення пробіотичного штаму Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG запобігало розвитку цього ускладнення. Висновки. Застосування оральної регідратаційної терапії препаратом ОРС Регідрон Біо є ефективним засобом корекції водно-електролітних порушень при гострих інфекційних захворюваннях у дітей. Наявність у складі ОРС Регідрон Біо пробіотичного штаму Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG дозволяє застосовувати його для профілактики ААД у дітей, які отримують антибіотики при інфекційних діареях.

BACKGROUND: It is a national priority to look for new probiotic bacteria with highly active biological properties to create a new generation of probiotics, ferments, therapeutic, and prophylactic fermented milk products, taking into account ethnocultural and regional characteristics. AIM: The aim of the study is to assess probiotic properties of strains of lactobacilli (antimicrobial and adhesive), which are isolated from national lactic acid products from different districts of the Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were modern microbiological methods applied during the experiment. To determine the morpho-cultural properties, the following methods were used: Gram staining, a catalase test, serial dilutions. The Matrix Supported Laser Desorption/Ionization Flight Time Mass Spectrometry was used for identification, and the deferred-antagonism method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. The buccal epithelial cells were used for the cell object as a test system to determine the adhesive activity. RESULTS: In this experiment, 26 lactobacillus isolates were isolated from 68 samples of national lactic acid products produced in a traditional homemade way in different districts of the Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). As a result of the studies carried out on the cultural and morphological characteristics and identification by the mass spectrometer, the following lactobacilli were obtained: Lactobacillus acidophilus (two strains), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricum (two strains), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (seven strains), Lactobacillus plantarum (two strains), Lactobacillus paracasei (11 strains), and Lactobacillus fermentum (two strains). Twenty-six isolates of lactobacilli were tested for antimicrobial activity, 13 isolates of which showed an inhibitory effect, but the degree of antagonism varied among lactobacillus isolates. In general, the inhibitory activity of lactobacillus isolates was shown against the Gram-negative indicator microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 12023, Escherichia coli NCTC 12923. The antibacterial activity was shown against the Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12973 indicator microorganism in nine isolates of lactobacilli. Only six isolates of lactobacilli showed antifungal activity against the test strain of Candida albicans NCPF 3179. Out of 13 isolates of lactobacilli, nine isolates of medium and high activity competed for binding to buccal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: The obtained isolates from traditional dairy products are considered to be promising candidates and competitive isolates with some probiotic potential. This study calls for further researches to be made in this area.

Поширеність харчової алергії в дітей молодших вікових груп останнім часом набуває все більш масштабного характеру. На сьогодні вторинна недостатність підшлункової залози, що проявляється відносною панкреатичною недостатністю, займає друге місце серед патології, спричиненої харчовими алергенами. Мета дослідження: довести та обгрунтувати ефективність застосування Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG) у складі комплексної терапії харчової алергії, що протікає на тлі патології підшлункової залози, у дітей молодшого віку. Всього обстежено 54 дитини, які розподілені на дві групи — основну, що отримує в складі комплексної терапії LGG, і групу порівняння, що одержувала традиційну терапію. У результаті проведеного дослідження були отримані дані, що свідчать про сприятливий вплив LGG на перебіг клінічної симптоматики (больового, диспептичного, астеноневротичного симптомів), зменшення проявів алергічних реакцій із боку шкірного покриву при поєднаній функціональній патології підшлункової залози (дисфункція сфінктера Одді за панкреатичним типом), що має ознаки відносної панкреатичної недостатності, у дітей, які страждають від харчової алергії. Дані катамнезу свідчать про більш тривалий період ремісії при включенні в схему терапії LGG.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) on gene expression of NF-κβ and CXCL2 in small intestine of rats with hepatic steatosis (induced by tetracycline). Forty male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into five groups of (n = 8 in each group): healthy control (HC), hepatic steatosis (HS), HS + HIIT, HS + probiotic (Pro) 5. HS + HIIT + Pro. Tetracycline was gavage at a dose of 140 mg/kg, for 7 days, to induce hepatic steatosis. The HIIT performed 5 sessions per week for 5 weeks on the rodent treadmill. Probiotic groups received 109 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by oral gavage for 5 weeks (daily). ALT and AST were measured to confirm of HS. NF-κβ and CXCL2 genes were measured by Real-Time PCR in small intestine (jejunum). The results showed that there was a significant difference in gene expression of NF-κβ and CXCL2 (jejunum) between groups (p

В статье представлены основные патогенетические особенности развития функциональных расстройств пищеварительного тракта у детей раннего возраста, а также критерии диагностики. Дана общая характеристика наиболее изученного в мире пробиотического штамма Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, а также представлены доказательства положительного влияния бактерии на макроорганизм. Описаны фармацевтические особенности нового пробиотика на рынке Украины — Актив Флора беби.

В статье изложены современные сведения об основных патогенетических механизмах развития и клинических проявлениях функциональных гастроинтестинальных расстройств у детей раннего возраста в соответствии с Римскими критериями ІV. Представлены требования к пробиотическим препаратам, которые применяются в современной медицине. Акцентировано внимание на основных характеристиках наиболее изученного пробиотического штамма Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG). Проведен анализ результатов клинических исследований с применением LGG с целью лечения и профилактики функциональных и органических заболеваний у детей. Представлены основные фармакологические свойства и характеристика продукта Актив Флора беби, который недавно появился на фармацевтическом рынке Украины, обоснованы и представлены основные показания к назначению продукта.

Актуальность. Статья посвящена проблеме профилактики развития и терапии неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП) у детей с ожирением по алиментарно-конституциональному типу. Цель: изучение эффективности и безопасности использования препаратов омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) с витамином Е и мультипробиотического комплекса, обогащенного витаминами, для профилактики развития и прогрессирования стеатогепатоза. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находились 55 детей с избыточной массой тела. Всем пациентам была назначена медикаментозная терапия с использованием препарата омега-3 ПНЖК Рейтоил и комплексного пробиотика Бревелак (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Lactococcus lactis ssp. Lactis R1058, Bifidobacterium longum R0175, Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, Bifidobacterium breve R0070, Streptococcus thermophilus R0083, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071, Lactobacillus casei R0215, Lactobacillus plantarum R1012) на фоне модификации образа жизни. Результаты. Течение НАЖБП у детей в большинстве случаев не имеет характерной клинической симптоматики и выраженного синдрома цитолиза. Структурно-функциональные изменения в печени при НАЖБП могут вызывать метаболические нарушения с формированием выраженной атерогенной дислипидемии. Трехмесячный курс терапии НАЖБП препаратами омега-3 ПНЖК Рейтоил в сочетании с использованием комплексного пробиотического препарата Бревелак показал достоверное снижение активности печеночных цитолитических ферментов и улучшение показателя липидного спектра крови. Выводы. Назначение препаратов омега-3 ПНЖК в сочетании с комплексом штаммов пробиотических культур с доказанной клинической эффективностью при НАЖБП на фоне модификации образа жизни способствует эффективной профилактике и лечению данной патологии у детей.

Lactoferrin (LF) is secreted by mammals and displays extensive biological effects. We previously reported that bovine LF (BLF) can boost the cold tolerance of a well-applied probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), to grow robustly under a cold environment, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. Here, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to ascertain molecular pathways underlying cold tolerance exerted by BLF. LGG was cultured in a cold environment (22 °C) in the presence or absence of BLF. Transcriptome analysis indicated that BLF significantly elicited 1.2-3.2 fold (log2 Fold change) higher expression levels of genes related to stress, defense, cell division, and transporter in LGG, including the genes CspA, LytR, XRE, MerR, and GpsB. The KEGG pathway and GO analyses confirmed that BLF can modulate a few central pathways to boost the growth of LGG. BLF also reduced metabolic pathways involved in purine, amino acid, pyrimidine, one-carbon metabolism, and secondary metabolites in LGG. We speculate that the reduction of the above pathways may play key roles to reduce energy requirement and maintain carbon metabolism balance in LGG for surviving and growing in a cold state, and BLF can be an excellent prebiotic to LGG cultured in this cold condition (22 °C). Overall, this study uncovers the molecular effects of BLF on LGG.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea arises when the antibio­tic disrupts the ecology of the intestinal microbiota, by altering the diversity and number of bacteria in the gut. These changes can affect the capacity of the resident microbiota to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms or the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens species that are endogenously present in the microbiome. Therefore, antibiotic-associated diarrhea may result in prolonged hospitalization, increased health care costs and other complications. Diarrhea is most frequently associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Probiotics are “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health be­nefit on the host”. Numerous clinical researches evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The aim of our research was to study the efficacy of the probiotic Probiolog Baby in children aged from 4 months to 9 years with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and to investigate its effect on dysbiotic bowel changes. We observed 28 children aged from 4 months to 9 years (average age 4.6 ± 1.9 years) with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, including 57 % of boys and 43 % of girls. The children received the probiotic Probiolog Baby — 1 stick daily for 10 days. In 10 days, only 2 children (7.2 %) had complaints about diarrhea against 100 % at the beginning of our research. The use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) in children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea helps reduce diarrhea, colic, bloating, nausea, vomiting, anxiety and poor sleep in children. Considering the combined effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG strain, it can be argued that Probiolog Baby increases the levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the stool and also reduces the growth of Candida and pathogenic intestinal flora., Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея (ААД) возникает тогда, когда антибиотик нарушает экологию микробиоты кишечника, изменяя разнообразие и количество бактерий в нем. Эти изменения могут повлиять на способность резидентной микробиоты противостоять вторжению патогенных микроорганизмов или росту условно-патогенных видов, которые эндогенно присутствуют в микробиоме. Поэтому AAД может привести к длительной госпитализации, увеличению расходов и ухудшению качества жизни. Диарея чаще всего связана с применением антибиотиков широкого спектра действия. Пробиотики — это «живые микроорганизмы, которые при применении в достаточном количестве приносят пользу здоровью хозяина». Многочисленные клинические исследования изучают эффективность Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG для предотвращения ААД. Целью работы было изучить эффективность применения препарата Пробиолог Бейби у детей в возрасте от 4 мес. до 9 лет жизни с диагнозом антибиотикоассоциированной диареи, а также исследовать его влияние на дисбиотические изменения кишечника. Под нашим наблюдением находилось 28 детей в возрасте от 4 мес. до 9 лет (средний возраст — 4,6 ± 1,9 года) с диагнозом антибиотикоассоциированной диареи, среди них 57 % мальчиков и 43 % девочек. Дети получали Пробиолог Бейби по 1 стику в день в течение 10 дней. Через 10 дней только у 2 детей (7,2 %) были жалобы на диарею против 100 % в начале наблюдения. Применение штамма Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (АТСС 53103) у детей с антибиотикоассоциированной диареей способствует уменьшению диареи, колик, вздутия живота, тошноты, рвоты, беспокойства и плохого сна. Принимая во внимание комплексное воздействие штамма Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, можно утверждать, что Пробиолог Бейби увеличивает уровень бифидобактерий и лактобактерий в кале, а также уменьшает рост грибов рода Candida и патогенной кишечной флоры., Антибіотикоасоційована діарея (ААД) виникає тоді, коли антибіотик порушує екологію мікробіоти кишечника, змінюючи різноманітність і кількість бактерій у ньому. Ці зміни можуть вплинути на здатність резидентної мікробіоти протистояти вторгненню патогенних мікроорганізмів або зростанню умовно-патогенних видів, що ендогенно присутні в мікробіомі. Тому AAД може призвести до тривалої госпіталізації, збільшення витрат і погіршення якості життя. Діарея найчастіше пов’язана із застосуванням антибіотиків широкого спектра дії. Пробіотики — це «живі мікроорганізми, які при застосуванні в достатній кількості дають користь здоров’ю хазяїна». Численні клінічні дослідження вивчають ефективність Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG для запобігання ААД. Метою роботи було вивчити ефективність застосування препарату Пробіолог Бейбі у дітей віком від 4 міс. до 9 років життя з діагнозом антибіотикоасоційованої діареї, а також дослідити його вплив на дисбіотичні зміни кишок. Під нашим спостереженням перебували 28 дітей віком від 4 міс. до 9 років (середній вік 4,6 ± 1,9 року) з діагнозом антибіотикоасоційованої діареї, серед них 57 % хлопчиків і 43 % дівчаток. Діти отримували Пробіолог Бейбі по 1 стіку на день протягом 10 днів. Через 10 днів лише у 2 дітей (7,2 %) були скарги на діарею проти 100 % на початку спостереження. Застосування штаму Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (АТСС 53103) у дітей з антибіотикоасоційованою діареєю сприяє зменшенню діареї, кольок, здуття живота, нудоти, блювання, неспокою і поганого сну. Беручи до уваги комплексний вплив штаму Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, можна стверджувати, що Пробіолог Бейбі збільшує рівень біфідобактерій і лактобактерій у випорожненнях, а також зменшує ріст грибків роду Candida й патогенної кишкової флори.

Today, burn injury is second most frequent diagnosis in all children hospitalized with injuries. The main cause of death in cases of extensive deep burns is burn infection that occurs in 23 to 82 % of all burn units’ patients. Antibacterial treatment rationality is of great importance in fighting the generalized infections. This paper is aimed at scrutinizing the incidence and course characteristics of the antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in burn patients, as well as the possibility of its prevention in children receiving antibacterial treatment in the Regional Burn Unit of Zaporizhzhia. During 2012–2015, we have observed 438 children with burn injuries, who received antibio­tics. We observed children receiving antibiotics and examined over hospitalization time by detection of the highly specific for antibiotic-associated diarrhea A + B Clostridium difficile toxins in stool, which allowed diagnosing the enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile associated with antibiotics administration (A4.07, ICD‑10). AAD prevention methods have been developed, among which preventive (from the first hours of hospitalization) administration of oral probiotic agent containing Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 probiotic strains as a part of the Lacidofil® preparation dosed by age should be considered a major one. Prophylactic prescription of probiotic strains with antitoxic action against Clostridium difficile had reduced the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and the severity of its symptoms by 3.4 times.

Microencapsulation is a protective process for materials that are sensitive to harsh conditions encounted during food manufacture and storage. The objectives of this research were to manufacture a milk protein-based delivery system (MPDS) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) using skim milk powder and to investigate the effects of manufacturing variables, such as reaction temerpature and holding time, on the physiccohemical properties of MPDS and viability of LGG under dairy food processing and storage conditions. MPDS was prepared using chymosin at varing reaction temperatures from 25°C to 40°C for 10 min and holding times from 5 to 30 min at 25°C. The morphological and physicochemical properties of MPDS were evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope and a particle size analyzer, respectively. The number of viable cells were determined using the standard plate method. Spherical-shaped MPDS particles were successfully manufactured. The particle size of MPDS was increased with a decrease in reaction temperature and an increase in holding time. As reaction temperature and holding time were increased, the encapsulation efficiency of LGG in MPDS was increased. During pasteurization, the use of MPDS resulted in an increase in the LGG viability. The encapsulation of LGG in MPDS led to an increase in the viability of LGG in simulated gastric fluid. In addition, the LGG viability was enhanced with an increase in reaction temperature and holding time. In conclusions, the encapsulation of LGG in MPDS could be an effective way of improving the viability of LGG during pasturization process in various foods.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a frequent and disabling manifestation of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), a rare monogenic multi-organ autoimmune disease caused by the loss of central AIRE-controlled immune tolerance. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to understand the role of the gut microbiome in APS-1 symptoms and potentially alleviate common gastrointestinal symptoms by probiotic intervention. METHODS: We characterized the fecal microbiomes of 28 APS-1 patients and searched for associations with gastrointestinal symptoms, circulating anti-cytokine autoantibodies and tryptophan-related metabolites. We additionally administered daily doses of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for three months. RESULTS: Of 581 metagenomic operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) characterized in total, 14 were significantly associated with APS-1 compared to healthy controls, with six mOTUs depleted and eight enriched in APS-1 patients. Four overabundant mOTUs were significantly associated with severity of constipation. We observed phylogenetically conserved microbial associations with autoantibodies against cytokines. After the three-month intervention with the probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, a subset of gastrointestinal symptoms were alleviated. L. rhamnosus GG abundance was increased post-intervention and corresponded with decreased abundances of Alistipes onderdonkii and Collinsella aerofaciens, two species positively associated with severity of diarrhea in APS-1 patients. CONCLUSION: The APS-1 microbiome correlates with several APS-1 symptoms, some of which are alleviated after a three-month L. rhamnosus GG intervention. Autoantibodies against cytokines appear to shape the gut microbiome by positively correlating with a taxonomically consistent group of bacteria. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Administration of L. rhamnosus GG appears to alleviate certain gastrointestinal symptoms of APS-1.

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the microbial community has been associated with several gastrointestinal symptoms. The impact of repeated administration of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (CNCM-I-4798) (formerly known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM-I-1079) and their combination (associated in Smebiocta/Smectaflora Protect®) in supporting recovery of gut microbiota functionality and composition during and following amoxicillin:clavulanic acid administration was evaluated in vitro. Antibiotic dosage negatively affected SCFA production, coinciding with detrimental effects on Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium spp. in the simulated proximal colon, while Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly reduced in the distal colon. L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii were able to thrive in both colon regions upon dosing, with S. boulardii even showing protective effects on the survival of L. rhamnosus GG during antibiotic administration. The impact of the probiotic strains on microbiome recovery revealed that supplementation with L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii resulted in a stimulating effect on the most abundant bacterial groups within the bacterial community of each donor. For one of the donors tested, co-dosing of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii resulted in superior short-chain fatty acid recovery accompanied by a stronger increase in abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. Overall, the current study provides first evidence that combined supplementation of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii might be an interesting candidate in limiting detrimental effects of amoxicillin:clavulanic acid on the human gut microbiome, though further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Introdução: As alergias alimentares são definidas como uma reação imunológica adversa que se repete mediante a exposição a determinado alimento. Essas reações variam da anafilaxia (mais grave) à manifestações gastrointestinais. O tratamento preconizado das alergias alimentares é a exclusão absoluta do alimento da dieta da criança. Objetivo: Através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, avaliamos a eficácia da suplementação com probióticos no tratamento de alergias alimentares em crianças, na redução dos sintomas e/ou na aquisição de tolerância, identificando cepa mais eficaz, relação dose-resposta e efeitos adversos de seu uso. Metodologia: Para busca de ensaios clínicos e outras revisões, utilizamos as bases científicas Science Direct, a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed e MEDLINE, com as palavras-chave “probiotics”, “treatment”, “food allergy”, “children”, e “infant”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados quatro ensaios clínicos randomizados, cinco revisões e uma metanálise; a amostra de todos os estudos foi de lactentes com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV). Resultados: Os estudos apontaram que o uso de fórmula infantil extensamente hidrolisada (FEH) com Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, em doses de 1x106 a 5x108 cfu/g, é eficaz tanto em acelerar a melhora do eczema atópico, como em induzir tolerância em crianças na faixa de idade de 1 mês a 3 anos que não tenham reações anafiláticas ao leite de vaca. Conclusões: Outros ensaios clínicos com amostras maiores devem ser realizados antes de incluir os probióticos na prática clínica, inclusive para avaliar melhor seu perfil de segurança. Palavras-Chave: Probióticos, Eficácia; Hipersensibilidade Alimentar; Hipersensibilidade a Leite; Criança.

BACKGROUND Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common birth defects. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, and probiotics can be used to protect NEC. CASE REPORT We present a term infant with aortic coarctation who developed sepsis with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG after probiotic use, successfully treated with ampicillin. The baby unfortunately died of acute cardiac arrest on the 90th day of life. CONCLUSION Probiotic-associated sepsis may develop in infants with various risk factors such as central catheterization, long-term mechanical ventilation and in those at risk for NEC.

A huge number of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) exist in confectionery foods, which is a high-risk factor for development of diet-induced metabolism syndrome (MetS). In this study, we built a high fructose drinking-induced MetS mouse model, and oral intake of 20 mg/kg TiO2 NPs was administered for 8 weeks. Significant pathological changes and inflammatory factors of overproduction were detected in the liver and colon. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis results indicated that TiO2 NPs evidently and further perturbed the gut microbiota diversity, compositions, and KEGG pathways in MetS mice. Fecal microbiota transplant experiment proved that TiO2 NPs-altered gut microbiota drives liver and colon inflammation damage. More importantly, oral supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) ameliorated not only the TiO2 NPs-induced inflammation but also the fructose-caused metabolic abnormality. LGG recovered the gut dysbiosis and decreased the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria (Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostridia, and Proteobacteria), thereby protecting against TiO2 NPs-induced severe inflammation damage. Our study suggests the necessity of assessing the toxic effects of foodborne nanoparticles on the chronic disease population and potential usefulness of probiotics as prophylactic and therapeutic.

Preventive vaccination is currently the most affordable and economical way to reduce morbidity and mortality from many infections, improve quality and human life expectancy with an almost ideal balance of benefits and risks among all medical procedures. The article deals with the reasons for variability of the immune response caused by vaccines, between individuals and between populations, which is of fundamental importance for human health. The authors have presented data indicating a key role of the gut microbiota in the control of the immune response to vaccination. Particular attention is paid to the microbial diversity in different loci of the body. The role of microorganisms in the proper functioning of the body and the formation of a number of pathological conditions is described. Most modern vaccines are live-attenuated, killed / inactivated or subunit (recombinant) vaccines, and they are designed for the parenteral route of administration. Most of these vaccines elicit a weak immune response, especially in the mucous membranes, due to the route of administration and are associated with weak cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, mechanisms that can enhance virus-specific vaccine immunity in infants and children are required, such as the use of more potent or selective immunity-enhancing adjuvants. Some probiotic strains may be considered as promising vaccine adjuvants. This article evaluates the recent clinical studies of probiotics used to enhance vaccine-specific immunity in adults and infants. The present-day knowledge on the role of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with the aim of activating immunity after vaccination are presented.

In this study, we aimed to explore the antidiabetic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05 on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. Our data indicated that the fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by 53.5% after treatment with LRa05 at a dose of 109 CFU·day-1. Meanwhile, LRa05 attenuated insulin resistance, relieved hepatic oxidative stress, and alleviated metabolic lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation in T2DM mice. LRa05 promoted the expression of glucose transporter 2, while it inhibited the expression of glucagon receptor, glucose-6-phosphatase, cellular adenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in diabetic mice. Meanwhile, LRa05 reshaped gut microbiota, resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid bacteria (Alloprevotella and Bacteroides) and decreased proinflammatory bacteria (Odoribacter and Mucispirillum). Thus, LRa05 may be used as a functional food supplement for modulating the disorder glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in T2DM.

The most important factor in tooth decay and periodontal disease is the attachment of oral bacteria, especially streptococci, to different levels of the mouth and teeth. Therefore, by changing the microbial ecology in the mouth using probiotic producing bacteria, we can help prevent tooth decay and periodontal infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of probiotic producing Lactobacillus against several streptococci that cause tooth decay. Antimicrobial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of probiotic lactobacilli was determined by disk diffusion method and standard broth microdilution, respectively. Antibiofilm activity was assayed by a microtiter-plate screening method. The five isolates of Lactobacillus strains with probiotic properties include Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus reuteri , Lactobacillus fermentum , and Lactobacillus brevis were tested against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis . Most of tested Lactobacillus strain at concentrations above 125 µg/mL showed antibacterial properties. Also, examination of the MICs showed that probiotic bacteria had greater effects on S. sanguinis . While, the tested probiotic bacteria did not show a significant antibiofilm effect. Our results suggest that lactobacilli with potential probiotic properties can be effective used for eliminating oral streptococcal colonization.

The growth of microorganisms in food, one of which is lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can produce metabolites beneficial to health. It is essential to study the results of LAB metabolism to improve the quality of a functional food product. This study aimed to evaluate the isolates Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 to metabolize oligosaccharides as a carbon source so that the final fermentation product can benefit health especially in lowering cholesterol. In vitro testing was carried out on MRS media with or without oligosaccharides, either singly or in a combination consisting of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin (IN), inulin hydrolyzate (HI), or their combination as prebiotics by adding 0.3 % oxbile (bile salt) and inoculated with 1% v/v LAB isolate culture and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The results showed that the main product of oligosaccharide metabolism by L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 and L. rhamnosus R23 produced several organic acids (lactic acid), including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid). The single and combined carbon sources affected the proportion of lactic acid and acetic acid produced by L. acidophilus FNCC0051 (p

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious complications in preterm infants. Probiotics have been used to prevent NEC. Safety is a major concern for this practice. Methods We reported a female preterm infant who received oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG but developed sepsis 12 days after the treatment. Cultures of blood and the catheter tip yielded L. rhamnosus. Next-generation sequencing was performed to analyze isolates from blood, stool, catheter, and product capsules. We also determined the capacities of these isolates to form biofilms. A literature review was performed. Results The patient was treated with ampicillin and piperacillin/tazobactam, and she subsequently recovered without complications. The analysis of genome sequences indicated that all the isolates belonged to the clone of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103), suggesting that sepsis was a catheter-related infection caused by the oral probiotic. L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and the probiotic strain tested formed biofilms under all growth conditions. Isolates from the blood and catheter tip also formed biofilms, but the stool isolate did not. The capacity of intrinsic biofilm formation in L. rhamnosus GG depended on environmental factors and the type of culture medium. Literature review of L. rhamnosus GG sepsis in preterm and young infants found that nearly 60% of the patients had a suspected or confirmed infected catheter. Conclusion The study showed that the capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to form biofilms, especially in the presence of glucose, is a critical factor leading to the probiotic-related sepsis in preterm infants.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various urogenital health effects, including a reduction in the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and urinary-tract infection, are well documented. The strain has also been safely used by HIV-positive subjects, a portion of whom have reported reduced diarrhea and increased CD4 counts. Unlike most probiotic strains used for urogenital health, LGR-1 has been extensively studied for its properties, including its genomic and metabolic traits and its surface properties. This review aims to highlight the totality of research performed with LGR-1, to act as a rigorous scientific benchmark for probiotic microbes, especially for application to women's health.

Obesity is fast becoming a worldwide health concern and causes a chronic state of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, which could be major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases. We investigated the potential of the 61 probiotic candidates isolated from infant feces towards activity of lipid accumulation inhibition, and then we extended the study to evaluate their antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Seven strains were finally selected based on their ability to inhibit lipid accumulation (>60%) and productivity yield (>1 × 1011 colony forming units [CFU]/g): Lactobacillus acidophilus MG4558; Lactobacillus paracasei MG4592; Lactobacillus plantarum MG4553 and MG4555; and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MG4502, MG4511, and MG4505. Selected strains showed high α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity (> 50%), except for MG4511 (19.8%), and similar antioxidant activities were reflected by the results of DPPH (21.6–27.5%) and ABTS (40.9–44.9%) assays. With respect to their functional properties as probiotics, most of the strains were resistant to simulated gastric (pH 3 and 4) and intestinal (pH 7 and 8) fluids, and possessed various probiotic-related factors, including autoaggregation ability, antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme production, and biochemical profiles, and were non-hemolytic. We conclude that our strains may be good probiotic candidates for functional food ingredients to prevent metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.

Currently, the interest of the food industry on the use of probiotics in order to provide beneficial effects is increasing. However, one limitation is getting microorganisms to survive in food matrices. In this work, protective effect of exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG survival during semi-ripening of cheese, was analyzed. Ripening was carried out at 14 ° C for 28 days in a controlled RH chamber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine interactions of probiotic with the exopolysaccharide. During ripening process, the proteolytic activity was determined through TNBS, SDS-PAGE and size exclusion-HPLC techniques. Viability of probiotic was measured by plate count. Cheese inoculated with both strains showed an improvement in probiotic survival. Exopolysaccharide was shown to have an effect on protein aggregation and cheese structural uniformity. Micrographs revealed a direct interaction between probiotic and exopolysaccharide. Proteolytic capacity did not decrease, and the generation and decrease of low molecular weight peptides (less than 3 kDa) was verified throughout the ripening process. Thus, using an exopolysaccharide-producing strain during cheese ripening has a positive effect on probiotic survival when they are used as starter cultures.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder that can be continuous or recurrent. It has been previously reported that intestine probiotics play an essential role in the bidirectional communication of the intestine and brain. This study aims to investigate the antidepressant effects of kefir, a probiotic supplement, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and their potentials in depression-like behaviour treatment in two-week and four-week treatments. In the present study, BALB/c mice were used for this purpose. The saline- and fluoxetine-treated groups were designed as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The forced swimming and tail suspension tests have been performed to assess the level of depression-like activity. We have observed that two-week treatment reduces the duration of depression-like activities, and four-week treatment enhances the antidepressant properties. Overall, our results suggest that kefir, L. rhamnosus GG, and the investigated probiotic supplement have antidepressant-like properties.

In this study, jujube polysaccharides (JP) were extracted from Jinsixiaozao, and carboxymethylated jujube polysaccharides (CMJP) were prepared. The optimum carboxymethylation conditions optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were as follows: the reaction temperature was 60°C, the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was 2.8 mol/L, and the content of chloroacetic acid was 2.12% with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.2275 ± 0.0108. Physicochemical characterizations and in vitro antioxidant and prebiotic activities of JP and CMJP were evaluated. Compared with unmodified JP, water solubility and viscosity were improved in CMJP. Chemical analysis revealed that CMJP was composed of Rha: Ara: Xyl: Glc: Gal = 0.18 : 9.09 : 0.45 : 0.36 : 0.98 with a molecular weight of 3.04 × 105 Da. The signals of carboxymethyl were observed at 1600, 1420, and 1328 cm−1 in FT-IR. In addition, CMJP showed obviously strong hydroxyl radical scavenging ability compared with JP and also exhibited stronger abilities than JP on the proliferation growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. These results indicated that CMJP could be explored as a promising resource for the development of functional foods.

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines microscopy-based capturing of cell images with conventional flow cytometry-based high-throughput analysis. Thus, IFC approach may limit false-positive results and provide more accurate and unambiguous data. This may be particularly important in the case of the single-cell analysis of relatively small biological objects such as bacteria. The microbial quality control of milk samples is of a special interest during milk processing and several methods have been previously developed to address the presence of bacterial species in milk and other economically important dairy products. However, the vast majority of screening assays is time-consuming and cost-ineffective to be used as a routine test. In the present study, we propose combined acridine orange (AO) staining and IFC-based profiling of microbial species as a novel alternative method for the microbial quality control of milk samples. Eight bacterial profiles (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Sarcina lutea) were characterized using a number of IFC parameters and IFC approach was also validated using commercially available milk samples and probiotic supplement. The obtained results suggest that IFC-based microbial profiling may be considered as a potentially useful method for rapid screening for selected bacterial species in milk samples.

Background and Aim: The liver is exposed to large amounts of toll-like receptor ligands due to increased bacterial growth and increased intestinal permeability in patients with fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus probiotic consumption on TLR4 and MYD88 expression in gut tissue in an animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats (weighing 200-250 gr) were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups including healthy control, fatty liver, fatty liver + HIIT, fatty liver + probiotic, and fatty liver + HIIT + probiotic groups. In order to induce fatty liver, oral tetracycline 140 mg/kg/day in 2 ml of water in form of a solution was given to the rats by gavage for 7 days. HIIT exercise program performed on treadmill five sessions per week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. P

Background: Bacteriocins are heterogeneous inhibitory substances that could affect the bacteria belonging to the same genus. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria produce bacteriocins. One of the best sources of producing bacteriocins is Lactobacillus. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify bacteriocin from Lactobacillus rhamnosus and assess its effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and synthesis of its lipopolysaccharide. Methods: L. rhamnosus was prepared and cultured at MRS broth and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then, the medium was centrifuged for the isolation of bacteriocin and the supernatant was considered as bacteriocin. Antibacterial properties of different concentrations of bacteriocin (50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) against P. aeruginosa were assayed by using agar diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. Also, the effect of bacteriocin against lipopolysaccharide synthesis in P. aeruginosa was analyzed by using one unit of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for bacteriocin. Results: The results showed that all bacteriocin concentrations had antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC value was 31.25 μg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 62.5 μg/mL. Also, the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide decreased during P. aeruginosa growth period, and it reached zero after 5 hours. Conclusions: The results of this study showed the antibacterial effect of bacteriocin isolated from L. rhamnosus against P. aeruginosa. In addition, this bacteriocin prevented the lipopolysaccharide synthesis in P. aeruginosa.

More than 6 billion bacteria and other microorganisms live in the adult oral cavity. As a result of any deleterious effect on this community, some microorganisms will survive better than others, which may trigger pathogenic processes like caries, halitosis, gingivitis or periodontitis. Oral dysbiosis is among the most frequent human health hazards globally. Quality of life of patients deteriorates notably, while treatments are often unpleasant, expensive and irreversible, e.g. tooth loss. In the experiments reported here, we investigated the individual interactions between 8 pathogenic and 8 probiotic strains and a commercially available probiotic product. Almost all pathogens, namely Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Enterococcus faecalis and Prevotella buccae are pathogens frequently occurring in the oral cavity. The used probiotic strains were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and two Streptococcus dentisani isolates. Using a modified agar diffusion method, we investigated capability of the probiotic bacteria to prevent the growth of the pathogenic ones in order to identify candidates for future therapeutic treatments. The results indicated successful bacteriocin production, i.e. growth inhibition, against every pathogenic bacterium by at least 5 probiotic strains.

This study aimed to determine the effect of Bacillus Coagulans symbiotic supplementation on metabolic factors and inflammation in patients with type-2 diabetes. In this clinical trial, 50 patients with type-2 diabetes were randomly assigned to the symbiotic (containing Bacillus Coagulans + Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Lactobacillus acidophilus and fructooligosaccharide) or placebo groups to receive one sachet daily for 12 weeks. Glycaemic Index, lipid profile, and hs-CRP were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β) (p

Surface active compounds (SACs) of bacterial origin are amphiphilic heteropolymers that may alter the interaction of gas-liquid, solid-liquid, and immiscible liquids surfaces, decrease the surface and interfacial tensions of liquids, and form stable emulsions. SACs are divided in two main groups: low molecular weight, the biosurfactants, and high molecular weight, the bioemulsifiers. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in determined levels, provide benefits to the host. They can produce SACs with several properties, such as the emulsification and solubilization of substrates and antimicrobial activity. Here we show that the cell-free supernatant of commercial probiotic strains of Bacillus clausii (formerly Bacillus subtilis), a spore-forming species that can tolerate biliary salts and survive at acid gastric conditions, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a lactic acid facultative heterofermentative bacterial species, are able to emulsify apolar fluids including gasoline fuel, suggesting the presence of biomolecules that could be explored for bioremediation. L. rhamnosus also presented antimicrobial activity, whereas Bacillus clausii did not.

Enterocyte damage and gut dysbiosis are caused by iron-overload in thalassemia (Thl), possibly making the gut vulnerable to additional injury. Hence, iron-overload in the heterozygous β-globin deficient (Hbbth3/+) mice were tested with 3% dextran sulfate solution (DSS). With 4 months of iron-gavage, iron accumulation, gut-leakage (fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran), endotoxemia, and tight junction injury) in Thl mice were more prominent than WT mice. Additionally, DSS-induced mucositis in iron-overloaded mice from Thl group was also more severe than the WT group as indicated by mortality, liver enzyme, colon injury (histology and tissue cytokines), serum cytokines, and gut-leakage (FITC-dextran, endotoxemia, bacteremia, and the detection of Green-Fluorescent Producing Escherichia coli in the internal organs after an oral administration). However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuated the disease severity of DSS in iron-overloaded Thl mice as indicated by mortality, cytokines (colon tissue and serum), gut-leakage (FITC-dextran, endotoxemia, and bacteremia) and fecal dysbiosis (microbiome analysis). Likewise, Lactobacillus conditioned media (LCM) decreased inflammation (supernatant IL-8 and cell expression of TLR-4, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in enterocytes (Caco-2 cells) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS plus ferric ion. In conclusion, in the case of iron-overloaded Thl, there was a pre-existing intestinal injury that wask more vulnerable to DSS-induced bacteremia (gut translocation). Hence, the prevention of gut-derived bacteremia and the monitoring on gut-leakage might be beneficial in patients with thalassemia.