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The gobies are non-commercial fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea for which population dynamics and stock status are poorly known. In this survey, we tried to define species diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Gobiidae by using beach seine nets in Salmanshahr, the southern Caspian Sea. From March 2011 to April 2012, 224 specimens representing 4 gobiid species, belonging to genus Ponticola and Neogobius, were caught. The deepwater Goby, Ponticola bathybius (Kessler, 1877), was the most abundant species with 92.8% frequency. The highest catch per unit effort of gobiid fishes was obtained in spring. The species diversity was highest in spring according to Shannon’s index.

Mudskipper species diversity in the Khur-e-Abee protected area in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf in Hormozgan Province was studied monthly. Sampling was done from March 2011 to February 2012 is 56º 24' 58” E, 27º 11' 28” N geographical position. A total of 730 specimens belonging to 3 species and 1 family werecollected by hand. Three species were identified; Boleophthalmus dussumieri, Scartelaos tenuis and Periophthalmus waltoni. The monthly sampling of mudskipper species composition showed that S. tenuis (45.75%), P. waltoni (30.48%) and B. dussumieri (26/02%) were first, second and the third in abundance respectively. Shannon species diversity index (1.09), Simpson index (0.62) and Pielou species index (0.99) were highest in October Whereas the Margalef species richness index (0.62) was the highest in December.

The gobies exhibit a main role in the general production of the Caspian Sea due to their species diversity and unexploited stocks. So, of the 80 fish species known from Iranian part of the Caspian Sea, 10 of them are gobies. The deepwater goby, Ponticola bathybius (Kessler, 1877), Gobiidae, is a native species in the Caspian Sea which settles on sandy and shelly substrates and, in a few numbers, on firm silt down to 75 meters. The presence of predators such as Acipenseridae and prey items as Clupeonella sp. could be effective in the abundance of gobies. Gobies fishes are known as the great consumers of food resources and the considerable competitors for other species. ... In Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea, there are differences in some important ecological factors including substrate type, slope and light intensity which may affect the prey community. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare dietary composition of P. bathybius at three different localities (Bandar-e-Anzali, Salmanshahr and Miankaleh) along the southern Caspian Sea coastal waters.

The effect of temperature on the main feeding parameters of Mnemiopsis leidyi from the southern Caspian Sea was studied in 2002. The clearance rates and daily rations were estimated from laboratory experiments in a wide range of temperatures from 12 to 27 ºC for M. leidyi of 12–17 mm in length. Clearance rate values changed from 52.5 to 107.3 ml ind-1 h-1. The coefficient Q10 in temperature 12 - 20 ºC was higher than that in 20 - 27 ºC (3.81 and 1.91, respectively). The specific daily ration changed from 1.56±0.19 to 0.24±0.05 mg C mg C-1 day-1 when temperature decreased from 27 ºC to 12 ºC. The direct relationship occurred between daily ration and temperature (R2=0.99). The digestion time decreased with temperature rise and did not display any clear relation to quantity of digested food..

Survey on fecundity of mudskipper Scartelaos tenuis from Abi Estuaries and Azini were carried out from March to April 2010. Data were sampled by hand based on simple random sampling. A totally 219 mudskipper were collected, throughout 113 individual were caught from Abi Estuaries (93 female, 20 male) and 106 invidiual from Azini Estuarie (83 femal, 23 male). The sex ratio of female to male was observed 1:0.24 and it was significantly different from the theoretical 1male:1female sex ratio (P>0.05). Mean total length were calculated 16.32±2.14 cm for female in Bandar Pol and 15.50±2.11 cm for male, and mean length 16.19±2.27 cm for femal and 17.26±1.9 cm for male in Tiab. The result showed no significant differences between mudskipper lengths in two areas (P>0.05). The more frequent length classes were calculated 15-16 cm in Bandar Pol and 18-19 cm in Tiab.The length – weight relationships were estimated as W= 0.0016TL2.7245 for female and W= 0.0138TL2.6523 for male, and the result showed isometric growth. Mean absolute fecundity were estimated 4147±1045 in Bandar pol and 3707±983 in Tiab area, there are no significant differences between fecundity in two areas (P>0.05). The relationship between fecundity-total length were calculated as Fecundity=36.17TL1.6412. The average eggs diameter were calculated 796±144mm in Bandar Pol and 737±137mm in Tiab. The relationship between egg diameter and gonad weight carried out as OD=0.0009GW-0.2167 (R2=0.4728).

A reproductive biology study of blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, was conducted from May 2010 to October 2011. The results showed that the annual sex ratio is not M:F=1:1, with 51.9 % female. All the five stages of ovarian development of P. segnis were observed throughout the year. The size of ovigerous crabs varied from 103 to 155 mm carapace width. This crab can spawn all year round with a spawning peak in mid-winter to early of spring season. The fecundity of ovigerous crabs ranged from 521027 to 6656599 eggs, with average fecundity of 2397967 eggs. The minimum carapace width (CW) of female crabs that reach sexual maturity was 92-138 mm and the length at which 50% of all ovigerous females was 113 mm carapace width.

In a complementary field study, the concentrations of some metals (Cu, Ag, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Mg and Ba) were measured in clam Solen dactylus, sediments and water collected at two stations (Park-e-Qadir, 56° 20/ E, 27° 11/ and Nakhl-e-Nakhoda, 56° 23/ E, 27° 10/ N) of Bandar Abbas coastal waters of the Persian Gulf in November 2008 and February 2009 showing different contamination levels. Although there is little information on metal concentrations in macro-benthic animals in this area, this study, for the first time, reports the accumulation of some metals in S. dactylus in order to introduce this species as a bioindicator for this area. Results indicated that Mg and Fe were the two most abundant metals in clams and sediments. The maximum and minimum metal concentrations in clams belonged to Mg (3850-5040 µgg-1 dry wt) and Ag (0.30-0.40-0.58 µgg-1 dry wt), respectively. There was a significant relationship between the accumulation of metals in clams, sediment and water samples. A significant relationship between clam lengths and concentrations of Cu (positive) and Mg (negative) were observed. Our study also showed that variable metal concentrations were related to different sampling stations, seasons and their interactions as well. Bioaccumulation of metals in clams was significantly different for eight metal elements between start of the gametogenesis and ripeness stages. Our investigation indicated that the clam S. dactylus could be a useful bioindicator for Zinc.

Information on the population genetics of shrimp species in the Persian Gulf is scarce. There are few electrophoretic based study therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate genetic variation among population of the green tiger prawn, P. semisulcatus, in Bushehr waters, Persian Gulf. This is the first study on this species by RAPDs in this area. The input of research in the field of genetics has resulted in new technological advances that have improved the economic gains of shrimp production. A total of 50 P. semisulcatus were collected by R/V Lavar II from two major shrimp localities, Halaileh and Daylam, in August and September 2004. Genomic DNA was extracted from muscles using the modified mini preparation method. A set of 9 primers (Diotech MWG) were used to detect polymorphism among populations. The software package RAPDistance version 1.04 was used to analyse the data.

This study was conducted to determine morphometric and meristic characteristics of Garra rufa in 13 stations of Tigris and Persian Gulf basins. We caught 310 specimens during the year 2007-2008 using electro-shocker and sachok. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis were conducted and the ANOVA revealed significant differences in 28 morphometric and 9 meristic factors (P

The Caspian goby, Neogobius caspius, is an endemic species of Gobiidae family in the Caspian Sea and it has ecological importance (as food for Caspian commercial fish such as sturgeons). The main aims of this study are, studying distribution, length, weight and age structure, sex ratio, diet, reproduction biology and morphological characters of this species in Guilan coast at waters of the Caspian sea and the sampling has been done monthly from Oct. 2005 to Sep. 2006 in 4 station from Astara to Chaboksar, with bottom trawl which had 12.5 meter length, 4.7 meter gape width and 2 mm mesh size in code end. The results showed N. caspius abundance is 9.82±11.93% of Gobiids and 7.92±10.10% of total fish numbers sampled in the study area (13824 specimens belong to 16 fish species) and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. CPUA of N.Caspius was estimated 52.5±105.9 ind/hec and 412.7±770.7 g/hec and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. Maximum body weight, total length and age were measured 65.10 g, 176 mm and 6 years old with an average 8.74±9.9 g, 84.83±28.4 mm and 1.83 years old, respectively and maximum age of males and females was 6 and 5 years old respectively and there were significant differences among stations and seasons and between sexes. It was estimated algometric growth model from length-weight regression, coefficient of K Von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated 0.42 and 0.68 in male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was 1.27 female to 1 male. Coefficient vacuity, relative gut length and intensity of 169 fullness were 8.72%, 0.76±0.17 and 267.7±263.3 for, respectively and Caspian goby fed on 30 different prey consist Zooplanktons (8 types), Benthic animals (15 types) and fishes (7 types) and young and yearlings have fed mainly mixed food (zooplankton and benthic animals) and adults on zoobenthose. Gammarids, Bivalvia, Cumaceae and Vormes constituted 44.7, 38.9, 24.8 and 19.7 % of prescence in full-gutted samples respectively, they were mainly preys (number and weight), hence this species is considered as euryphagus, carnivorous, benthphagus species. It was determined, Caspian goby spawns from March until last June, males and females take part in spawning in 2.8g and 65 mm and 1.3 g and 52 mm, respectively. Length at 50% maturity (LM50) was 80.2 and 77.5 mm in males and females, respectively. Maturity took place at 2 years old for both sexes, too. The absolute fecundity was estimated 109-1350 (451.6±216.3) eggs and relative fecundity 18-80 (36.8±9.2) eggs per one grams of body weight and diameter of ripe eggs was measured 1.31-2.60 (2.18±0.19) mm. Morphologically, there were 15 morphologically significant statistical differences between males and females and 15 differences among stations, sexual dimorphism was observed, too.

The Caspian goby, Neogobius caspius, is an endemic species of Gobiidae family in the Caspian Sea and it has ecological importance (as food for Caspian commercial fish such as sturgeons). The main aims of this study are, studying distribution, length, weight and age structure, sex ratio, diet, reproduction biology and morphological characters of this species in Guilan coast at waters of the Caspian sea and the sampling has been done monthly from Oct. 2005 to Sep. 2006 in 4 station from Astara to Chaboksar, with bottom trawl which had 12.5 meter length, 4.7 meter gape width and 2 mm mesh size in code end. The results showed N. caspius abundance is 9.82±11.93% of Gobiids and 7.92±10.10% of total fish numbers sampled in the study area (13824 specimens belong to 16 fish species) and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. CPUA of N.Caspius was estimated 52.5±105.9 ind/hec and 412.7±770.7 g/hec and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. Maximum body weight, total length and age were measured 65.10 g, 176 mm and 6 years old with an average 8.74±9.9 g, 84.83±28.4 mm and 1.83 years old, respectively and maximum age of males and females was 6 and 5 years old respectively and there were significant differences among stations and seasons and between sexes. It was estimated algometric growth model from length-weight regression, coefficient of K Von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated 0.42 and 0.68 in male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was 1.27 female to 1 male. Coefficient vacuity, relative gut length and intensity of 169 fullness were 8.72%, 0.76±0.17 and 267.7±263.3 for, respectively and Caspian goby fed on 30 different prey consist Zooplanktons (8 types), Benthic animals (15 types) and fishes (7 types) and young and yearlings have fed mainly mixed food (zooplankton and benthic animals) and adults on zoobenthose. Gammarids, Bivalvia, Cumaceae and Vormes constituted 44.7, 38.9, 24.8 and 19.7 % of prescence in full-gutted samples respectively, they were mainly preys (number and weight), hence this species is considered as euryphagus, carnivorous, benthphagus species. It was determined, Caspian goby spawns from March until last June, males and females take part in spawning in 2.8g and 65 mm and 1.3 g and 52 mm, respectively. Length at 50% maturity (LM50) was 80.2 and 77.5 mm in males and females, respectively. Maturity took place at 2 years old for both sexes, too. The absolute fecundity was estimated 109-1350 (451.6±216.3) eggs and relative fecundity 18-80 (36.8±9.2) eggs per one grams of body weight and diameter of ripe eggs was measured 1.31-2.60 (2.18±0.19) mm. Morphologically, there were 15 morphologically significant statistical differences between males and females and 15 differences among stations, sexual dimorphism was observed, too. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

To assess the effects of two flooding events occurred in the years 2001 and 2002, fish distribution, diversity and abundance in Madarsoo River of the Golestan National Park were studied and compared to that of the years before the events. A total of five fish species from four sites were collected. Assemblage of fish population showed changes in their overall relative abundance and distribution across sampling sites and times. We estimated the abundance of Capoeta capoeta gracilis at 2.331:2.6, Alburnoides bipunctatus at 0.17±0.15, Paracobitis malapterura at 0.0474±0.031 and Leuciscus cephalus at 0.005±0.01 fish per square meter of the stream. The abundance of Cc.gracilis showed significant increase while that of the A. bipunctatus did not undergo such significant change in comparison with the data from the years before flooding events (P

Carapace length frequency data of green tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus, were monthly collected from 50 stations along the coastal waters of Bushehr, Persian Gulf, during January 2003 to March 2004. FiSAT program was used to analyse a total of 535 shrimps including 292 females and 243 males, for the relationships of total length, weight and carapace length. The L∞ and K for males were estimated at 38mm CL and 1.6 year-1 and for the females were 50.40mm CL and 2.20 year-1, respectively. Maximum age (Tmax) was 20 months for the males and 15 months for the females. The growth of the shrimp was found to be rapid during summer and autumn and negligible during winter and spring.

Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophora phylum and Lobata order. Mnemiopsis leidyi first appear in the Black Sea in 1980s and reached to the biomass levels up to 1.5-2 kg m^2 in the summer of 1989. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophora caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton and phytoplankton started from July to December 2002 from a total of 2 stations located Anzali and Khazarabad by METU net in the Iranian Coasts of the Caspian Sea. Experimental studies on Mnemiopsis have indicated that Mnemiopsis begins to produce eggs in the Caspian Sea, when it reaches length about 15 mm. Although eggs were obtained even from specimen with 12 mm length and weight of 0.5 g. The most abundant size of reproducing Mnemiopsis was 20-30 mm in the Caspian Sea. Average fecundity of M.leidyi in the Caspian Sea was 1174±741 eggs/day with maximum 2824 eggs/day for specimens with length group of 30-39 mm and the weight about 2.0-2.7 g. Percentage of hatched eggs was not high in experiments with M.leidyi the range from 9 to 92 % after 24 hours. The maximum produce egg of M.leidyi measured with mean 845±733 eggs/day in Salinity of 11 ppt and the minimum egg recorded with mean 2 eggs/day in salinity of 4 ppt. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different months and its maximum biomass was recorded in August with a figure of 384±156 g.m2 and the minimum biomass was observed in December with a figure of 87±46 g.m^2 . The gut contents of Mnemiopsis leidyi showed a wide variety of prey including 84 % of zooplanktons and 16% of Phytoplanktons.The most abundance of in taked foods was Acartia (belong to Copepoda) with 34 % and the least was podon polyphemoides (belongs to Cladocera) with 0.74 %. Also 3.0 % of fish eggs and 4.2 % of Lamllibrachia were found among stomach contents. The young specimen (5< mm) consumed more zooplanktons and phytoplanktons comparing to adult ones. Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Fecundity of Mnemiopsis showed correlation to the length and wet weight in the Caspian Sea and reproduction of M.leidyi was done small size in comparing with other area in the Caspian Sea. Salinity, water temperature and food availability is the most important factor in producing eggs in M.leidyi. It seems, that Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been one of the most important factor in declining zooplankton populations and Clupeonella stocks.

O caminho para formar professores de Matemática para a inclusão faz parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal do Acre, em 2015, com o objetivo de identificar e utilizar espaços físicos, tempos, conceitos e práxis pedagógica mediada pelos processos cognitivos da reflexão, no contexto da Formação Inicial de Docentes de Matemática, com a possibilidade da construção de saberes para incluir cinco estudantes cegos em escolas de Ensino Médio, ao invés de sua simples integração escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação colaborativa, com ciclos de planejamento, ação e avaliação/reflexão se sucedendo em três fases: diagnóstico, intervenção e avaliação. Como resultados, destacam-se: o desenvolvimento profissional da formadora por meio da pesquisa; a construção de saberes e identidade profissional de docentes em formação inicial; a mudança de paradigma passando de uma adaptação/integração de deficientes visuais para a efetiva inclusão em aulas de Matemática; a avaliação participativa de processos e produtos; no âmbito das escolas, tornou-se possível o diálogo sobre a inclusão e, das disciplinas de Práticas de Ensino de Matemática (UFAC), uma prática inserida na realidade escolar. A pesquisa aponta que há a necessidade de criar uma política universitária que implique mudanças no currículo da formação para que as disciplinas de inclusão constem como ofertas a partir do primeiro ano de curso e a formação de formadores para a educação na diversidade.

Sex ratio and length at maturity in the rock oyster, Saccostrea cucullata was studied in the Iranian shores of Oman Sea. Monthly sampling was conducted 10 stations within one year period (March 1996 to February 1997). Results indicated that sex ratio is 1:1. Among the first matured age groups, nearly 67 percent of the samples were male and 33 percent were female. With increasing size, the percentage of females were increased, indicating a protandric nature. More than 50 percent of the samples were matured when their length exceeded 36 mm. Smallest matured specimen had a length of 22 mm.

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of the Indian squid, Uroteuthis duvauceli, were studied from June 2006 to May 2007. A total of 1200 specimens were collected from approximately 30-80m depths by trawling in 50 stations, of which 360 samples were studied for sex determination and fecundity. The minimum and maximum total and mantle length, and body weight were recorded in December and June, respectively. The highest range of total length (410-420mm), mantle length (150-160mm) and body weight (90-100g) were encountered in September. The specimens were composed of 34% male and 66% female (M:F=1:2). This species was found to be more abundant in summer. The minimum and maximum ovary weights were 2.1g and 7.9g with an average of 4.9g, respectively. These values for nidamental gland weight were 0.70 and 2.61g with an average of 1.6g. The minimum and maximum absolute fecundity were 25510 (in August) and 375600 (in April), respectively. These values for relative fecundity were 5207 (in April) and 867 (in August), respectively. The highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) was in April (14.38) and the lowest was in July (8.63). This squid is, therefore, assumed to be a spring spawner. Minimum and maximum egg diameter were 0.72mm (in August) and 2.5mm (in April), respectively.