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Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. (Annelida, Opheliidae), is described from the coast of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Arabian Gulf) after specimens collected in the intertidal and shallow subtidal. This new species is characterised by the body pigmentation pattern, distribution of lateral eyes, presence of small dorsal and ventral parapodial cirri and pygidial features. External and internal anatomy was described after examination with SEM and micro-CT. The presence of several body structures in the genus such as a cephalic palpode-like papilla is discussed. Furthermore, the diversity of genus Polyophthalmus and the presence of Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin, 1839) in the Indo-Pacific is reviewed and a key to species is provided.

The addition or loss of habitat-forming species may lead to significant changes in the structure and functioning of marine benthic ecosystems as a whole. However, the nature of the impact of invasive macroalgae on native mobile invertebrate assemblage is still hard to predict. In this sense, the degree of morphological resemblance (mainly structural complexity) between native and exotic habitat-forming species has been proposed as a suitable predictor of epifauna response to biological invasions. The recently introduced macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae is becoming a dominant element in coastal rocky bottoms in the Strait of Gibraltar, where it is sympatric with the native species Dictyota dichotoma. Despite the high morphological similarity between both habitat-forming species, native and exotic macroalgae hosted different macrofaunal assemblages. Dictyota dichotoma showed lower number of species, abundance of individuals, and diversity values than the introduced macroalga. Most shared species showed higher abundance on R. okamurae, but there was high variability in the response to macroalgal identity across higher taxa. Thus, there were no major differences in polychaete assemblage between macroalgal species or among sites, when considering univariate measures (abundance of individuals, number of species and H′ values) or species composition (with the exception of abundance values), while peracarid crustaceans and molluscs showed the opposite pattern. Therefore, our results suggest that morphological similarities among habitat-forming species do not always allow predicting of whether the invasive taxa are functionally equivalent to native ones. They also highlight the relevance of fine taxonomical resolution for revealing complex impacts of invasive macroalgae. In addition, R. okamurae’s capacity to determine significant changes on native fauna has been pointed out.

Detailed morphological study of more than 2600 North East Atlantic (NEA) sphaerodorids (Sphaerodoridae, Annelida) and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of representatives of several identified morphospecies enforced changing the current systematic classification within the family, allowed the discovery of new species, provided new information about the morphological and genetic characterisation of members of this group, and increased the species occurrence data to better infer their geographic and bathymetric distribution ranges. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and mitochondrial sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) of NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids revealed outstanding results including paraphyly of the genera Sphaerodoropsis, Sphaerodoridium, and Sphaerephesia. The number of longitudinal and transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles is proposed as potential synapomorphies for the main clades, and are consequently herein used for the genera delimitation. The new classification proposed here implies nomenclatural changes and the erection of a new genus, Geminofilum gen. n., to accommodate the species previously considered as Sphaerodoropsis with two transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles per segment. Four species are being described herein: Euritmia nordica Capa & Bakken, sp. n., Sphaerephesia multichaeta Capa, Moreira & Parapar, sp. n., Sphaerephesia ponsi Capa, Parapar & Moreira, sp. n., and Sphaerodoridium celiae Moreira, Capa & Parapar, sp. n. Characterisation of the other 21 species, including updated iconography, and an identification key to all NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids are provided, Financial support was provided to MC by ForBio Research School, funded by the Research Council of Norway (project no. 248799) and the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative (project no. 70184215) and by the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2016-20799) funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares and the European Social Fund. The Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative provided financial support to AN (knr 49-13, pnr 70184228), to TB (knr 53-09, pnr 70184216, knr 55-12, pnr 70184227); and by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative [https://www.artdatabanken.se/en/the-swedish-taxonomy-initiative/] (dnr 140/07 1.4 and 166/08 1.4), to AN. Collections at MNCN and MNHN were visited by MC thanks to the European Commission Taxonomic Initiative SYNTHESYS (ES-TAF-2839, ES-TAF-7033, and FR-TAF-2644), SEM work was partially funded by Fauna Ibérica: Polychaeta VI (CGL2014-53332-C5-3-P). Publication fees were covered by NTNU Publishing Fund to MC

Los leptostráceos de las costas occidentales de la península Ibérica han sido comparativamente mejor estudiados que los de las mediterráneas en los últimos años. En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Nebalia troncosoi Moreira, Cacabelos & Domínguez, 2003 en las costas del Mediterráneo ibérico a partir de ejemplares recogidos en 2014 frente al Delta del Ebro. El material examinado coincide con la descripción original de la especie, que está caracterizada por presentar un rostro largo (cuatro veces más largo que ancho), un caparazón corto en relación a su altura, el cuarto artejo del pedúnculo de la anténula con una única espina distal, el flagelo antenular más corto que el pedúnculo y compuesto por 6–7 artejos, el exopodio de la maxilla II más largo que el primer artejo del endopodio, el borde dorsal y posterodorsal de los pleonitos VI–VII con dentículos agudos y las escamas anales sin una meseta definida en el borde medial.

Three leptostracan species (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) are reported from mud volcanoes at the Moroccan margin of the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic). Nebalia strausi Risso, 1826 and N. abyssicola Fage, 1929 were found in experimentally deployed organic substrates in Mercator, Meknès and Darwin mud volcanoes; N. abyssicola was also found among bathymodiolin bivalves and is recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean. The third species was collected from the Gemini mud volcanoes and is described herein as Sarsinebalia ledoyeri sp. nov. The new species is characterised by having the eyes provided with ommatidia and lacking pigment, the ventral margin of the eye is concave along distal half, the antennular scale is more than twice as long as wide, the second article of the mandibular palp bears one seta on lateral surface about 0.5 times as long as the article and one subterminal seta longer than the third article, the distal article of the maxilla II endopod is about 1.8 times as long as the proximal article, the maxilla II exopod is clearly longer than the endopod proximal article, the lateral margin of the pleopod I exopod lacks setae and the posterodorsal border of pleonites VI–VII is provided with rounded to pointed denticles.

[Abstract]: Based on samples collected during the BIOICE project off Iceland, four species of marine annelids belonging to the family Pectinariidae were identified: “Amphictene auricoma” (O.F. Müller, 1776), “Cistenides granulate” (Linnaeus, 1767), “Cistenides hyperborean” Malmgren, 1865 and “Lagis koreni” Malmgren, 1866. Taxonomic remarks and data on geographical and bathymetric distribution are presented. The distribution of each species off Iceland was evaluated and two patterns were defined: “C. granulate” and “C. hyperborean” were mainly found in waters off the northeast coast, while “A. auricoma” and “L. koreni” were found on the southern coast. Several body characters with taxonomic value in this family were reviewed under the stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope, with special emphasis on the neuropodial uncini. Remarks on these special chaetae are included in the diagnoses. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; PGC2018-095851-B-C64

Temporal variation patterns and bioturbatory activity of polychaete assemblages have been insufficiently studied. Two subtidal fine-sediment sites have been sampled in order to describe and compare polychaete temporal variation patterns. In order to estimate bioturbation potential (BP), a new approach is proposed that aims maximum versatility for comparative studies. Both assemblages differed significantly in terms of temporal variation of sedimentary and faunal attributes. The most exposed site was dominated by species characteristic of muddy-fine sand and presented a seasonal pattern with higher densities and BP values from mid-summer to early winter. The most sheltered and muddy site was dominated by Paradoneis lyra and presented an irregular temporal variation. Signs of moderate organic enrichment were found, particularly in the less exposed site. Spatial and temporal variations appear to be related to sediment features and hydrodynamic stress, which also affect BP of each assemblage. Our results suggest that the bioturbatory activity of polychaetes is more extensive and relevant in finer sediments.

This paper reports the southernmost record of Camacho faroensis Myers, 1998 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Aoridae) from samples collected at the continental slope (Ferrol Canyon) off the NW Iberian Peninsula during the DIVA-Artabria I expeditions. This species was initially described from the Faroe Islands but type specimens are incomplete and lack relevant features (e.g., antenna 1, pereopod 5). Therefore, a detailed redescription and drawings are provided based on examination of the type series and the new material collected. To date, the genus Camacho Stebbing, 1888 is composed of three species being C. faroensis as the only one reported so far from the Northern Hemisphere. This species is characterized by the following characters: absence of eyes, cephalic lobes reduced, presence of two ventral spines on peduncle article 1 distal margin of antenna 1, presence of spines (stout setae) on pereopods 5–7, reduced inner rami of uropod 3, and lacking distal setae. A key for all recognized species of the genus is also included.

The anatomy of Cossura pygodactylata Jones, 1956 (Annelida; Cossuridae) is presented, based on the study of specimens collected during the BIOICE project in Icelandic waters and additional material from the White Sea. General gross external and internal anatomy were investigated by means of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and compared with results obtained with light microscopy histological sectioning (LMHS). Micro-CT revealed a highly regionalised gut, posterior to the pharyngeal cavity and oesophagus, divided in an anterior stomach and a posterior intestine with different morphologies. The stomach is in the thoracic region, dorsally positioned and divided in a short and narrow anterior part and a longer posterior one, with an increasing diameter towards its posterior end. Both stomach regions bear a dorsal infolding of tissue, along its inner wall, that resembles to the typhlosole of the Clitellata. The heart is dorsally located and contains a heart body above the hind stomach. The intestine is wider than the stomach, without dorsal infolding inside the lumen and filling most part of the internal body cavity. A transitional cup-shaped gut element connecting the stomach and the intestine could be observed at the level of the last thoracic segment. In general, the resolution of micro-CT images reflects reasonably well the main elements of gross external and internal anatomy of cossurids, and that of gut architecture in particular.

The use of Micro-computed X-ray tomography (microCT or μCT) in the study of the anatomy of Annelids is becoming more common. Here we present a new approach to the anatomical study of six species (i.e. Phyllodoce lineata, Syllis garciai, Prionospio fallax, Branchiomma bombyx, Spirobranchus triqueter and Euclymene oerstedi) using μCT. These species represent several major annelid lineages and show therefore a wide range of morphological characteristics. Information obtained from μCT images of external and internal anatomy was compared with previous data with two major aims: 1) exploring whether quality of images allows accurate examination of annelid anatomy, and 2) evaluating the information provided by the different body characters, highlighting those with greater potential to be used for future biodiversity studies. Main conclusions obtained were: 1) the use of simple contrast staining or no staining at all provides good images that may be used in studies of comparative anatomy, 2) images of external anatomy show good definition only for macroscopic characters, 3) images of internal organs showed disparate results, being the digestive system the most promising structure, considering the quality of images and when assessing its regionalization and variability across taxa (genera, families).

Díaz-Díaz et al. (2018) described a new species of oweniid polychaete, Owenia vieitezi, from the north-western coast of the Gulf of Venezuela, Caribbean Sea. Although the description and figures presented by Díaz-Díaz et al. (2018) fully characterize the new species, the journal issue in which the description appeared was published online only and the article in which the new name appeared did not include a ZooBank registration number (LSID), required for validation of new species names in electronic-only publications (ICZN 2012). As a result, the name Owenia vieitezi Díaz-Díaz, Parapar & Moreira, 2018, as published in Cahiers de Biologie Marine 59: 589–597, is not available according the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, 2012). Therefore, the present note serves to validate the name Owenia vieitezi by fulfilling the ICZN conditions for nomenclatural availability.

The number of described species of the genus Terebellides Sars, 1835 (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) has greatly increased in the last years, particularly in the North East Atlantic. In this context, this paper deals with several putative species recently delineated by molecular means within a well delimited clade of Terebellides. Species are characterised here by a combination of morphological characters, and a complementary nucleotide diagnostic approach. Three species were identified as the nominal species T. stroemii Sars, 1835, T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011 and T. europaeaLavesque et al., 2019. Five species are described as new: T. bakkenisp. nov., T. kongsrudisp. nov., T. norvegicasp. nov., T. ronningaesp. nov. and T. scoticasp. nov. The distinctive morphological characters refer to the branchial shape, absence or presence of papillae on lamellae of anterior margin of branchial dorsal lobes, absence or presence of ciliated papillae dorsal to thoracic notopodia, geniculate chaetae in one or two chaetigers, and the morphology of thoracic and abdominal uncini teeth. Furthermore, the description of T. bigeniculatus is revised and complemented after examination of type specimens. An updated identification key to all species of the genus in NE Atlantic and a proposal of a classification of different types of abdominal uncini to be used in taxonomy are also included.

Ampharete oculicirrata sp. nov. (Annelida: Ampharetidae) is described from samples collected by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and Marine Scotland Science, in the West Shetland Shelf NCMPA in the NE Atlantic. This species is characterised by a very small body size, thin and slender paleae, twelve thoracic and eleven abdominal uncinigers, presence of eyes both in the prostomium and the pygidium, the latter provided with a pair of long lateral cirri. The external micro-morphology of the new taxon was studied using scanning electron microscopy and compared with species described or reported from the North Atlantic. Two complementary keys to all species of Ampharete in the area are also provided, This study was partly supported by the research project ‘Fauna Ibérica: Polychaeta VI. Palpata. Canalipalpata I’ (CGL2014-53332-C5-3-P).

The non-indigenous sabellid polychaete Branchiomma luctuosum (Grube, 1870) has spread along the Mediterranean coast in a short time period. Well-established populations were recorded for 9 marinas and 3 natural habitats along the southern Iberian Peninsula, including the first record of the species in Portugal. The highest abundances (>60 ind./m2) were found in the Gulf of Cadiz (Atlantic coast of Spain). The ability to colonize artificial structures has also been tested experimentally; although the species showed high colonization rates, high water-flow rate and turbidity might adversely affect larval settlement. The tubes of B. luctusoum hosted a very diverse epibiota, comprising 79 taxa, many of which are considered to be introduced or cryptogenic species. The ability of this polychaete to facilitate the spread of these species when attached to vessel hulls is discussed. Our results suggest that this species is in a phase of active colonization by successfully colonizing both natural and artificial habitats.

The impact of introduced fouling species and their associated epifauna in ports and marinas is potentially devastating for local biodiversity. The species composition of the epifauna on Tricellaria inopinata in Puerto America (Cadiz, Spain) was studied over a period of one year. Colonies were sampled bimonthly, and all associated mobile macrofauna was sorted and identified. A total of 19 species was found throughout the study period, including the introduced Caprella scaura and Monocorophium sextonae (Amphipoda) and Paracerceis sculpta (Isopoda). These three species represented over half of the individuals found throughout the study period, and there were significant differences between the abundance of native versus introduced species, though the direction of differences was not consistent. Whether the specific morphology and annual cycle of T. inopinata is favouring the establishment of other introduced species like those found here, and hindering other native species, is discussed, and future lines of research to address this phenomenon are proposed.

The shells of pecans are a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential inhibitory activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of pecan shell extracts as effected by the type of cultivar and the method of extraction against various foodborne bacterial pathogens. Defatted shell powders of 19 different pecan cultivars were subjected to aqueous and ethanolic extraction (1:20 w/v) procedures, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of lyophilized pecan shell extracts dissolved in deionized water containing 5% DMSO (v/v) were determined against multiple strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The antimicrobial activity of pecan shell extracts was found to be pathogen specific and strain dependent. Overall, L. monocytogenes was found to be least resistant to treatment with pecan shell extracts with an MIC and/or MBC values ranging from 1.25 to 5 mg/mL followed by Salmonella enterica (2.5 to ≥5 mg/mL) and E. coli O157:H7 (≥5 mg/mL). Type of cultivar and the method of extraction found to have a variable effect on the antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the challenge studies on fresh-cut cantaloupes and thawed catfish fillets treated with 5 mg/mL pecan shell extracts and stored at 4 °C for up to 5 days showed a

[Resumen] La Microtomografía Computarizada (micro-CT o μCT) es una técnica de estudio microestructural, no destructiva, que permite estudiar la anatomía interna y externa de muestras biológicas, y realizar su reconstrucción a través de un modelo virtual en tres dimensiones. En los últimos años esta técnica está aportando avances significativos en el conocimiento anatómico de diversos invertebrados marinos. En este trabajo se estudia la anatomía externa e interna de Laubieriopsis cabiochi (Amoureux, 1982) (Annelida, Fauveliopsidae) y paralelamente se valora la calidad de las imágenes de μCT frente a las obtenidas en estudios previos mediante métodos histológicos clásicos. [Abstract] Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or μCT) is a microstructural, non-destructive, technique that allows the study of the external and internal anatomy of biological samples, and then allows for their reconstruction through 3D-virtual models. In the last years, this technique is providing significant advances in the knowledge of the anatomy of several marine invertebrate taxa. In this paper, we study the external and internal anatomy of Laubieriopsis cabiochi (Amoureux, 1982) (Annelida, Fauveliopsidae), comparing the quality of μCT images against those shown in previous works and obtained by classic histological methods. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CGL2014-53332-C5-3-P

Background The overall anatomy of the genus Syllis (Annelida: Syllidae) has been largely studied; however, an integrative approach considering different anatomical techniques has never been considered. Here, we use micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) to examine the internal anatomy of Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840, along with other widely available techniques. Methods We studied the anatomy of the marine annelid S. gracilis through an integrative approach, including micro-CT along with stereo and light compound microscopy (STM, LCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histological sectioning (HIS). In this manner, we evaluated the applicability of micro-CT for the examination of annelid anatomy by testing whether the images obtained make it possible to visualize the main body structures, in comparison with other current techniques, of the various elements of its internal anatomy. Results Overall external and internal body elements are clearly shown by the integrative use of all techniques, thus overcoming the limitations of each when studied separately.Any given method shows disparate results, depending on the body part considered. For instance, micro-CT provided good images of the external anatomy, including relevant characters such as the shape, length and number of articles of dorsal parapodial cirri. However, it is especially useful for the examination of internal anatomy, thus allowing for 3D visualization of the natural spatial arrangement of the different organs. The features best visualized are those of higher tissue density (i.e., body musculature, anterior parts of the digestive tract), particularly in 3D images of unstained specimens, whereas less electrodense tissues (i.e., the peritoneal lining of septa and nervous system) are less clearly visualized. The use of iodine stain with micro-CT has shown advantages against non-staining for the adequate observation of delicate elements of low density, such as the segmental organs, the connective between the ganglia, the ventral nerve cord and segmental nerves. Discussion Main external anatomical elements of S. gracilis are well shown with micro-CT, but images show lesser optical resolution and contrast when compared to micrographs provided by SEM and CLSM, especially for fine structural features of chaetae. Comparison of micro-CT and HIS images revealed the utility and reliability of the former to show the presence, shape and spatial disposition of most internal body organs; the resolution of micro-CT images at a cellular level is, however, much lower than that of HIS, which makes both techniques complementary.

The Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata) from the upper continental slope of Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) was studied. The material collected, based on surveys conducted from 2002 to 2009, comprised 11 species. A new genus Selvacaprella gen. nov., and three new species Selvacaprella jimenoi sp. nov., Liropus vitucoi sp. nov. and Liropus willyi sp. nov. are described. Pedoculina cf. bacescui and Parvipalpina cf. verrucosa are also figured in detail. Parvipalpina cf. verrucosa and Caprella cf. ciliata enlarge their distribution range ca. 2000 km to the South. Pedoculina cf. bacescui represent the first record of the genus for the Atlantic. These three species are also first records for the Iberian Peninsula. The total number of known caprellid species in the Iberian Peninsula (including adjacents waters of Ceuta, Canary Islands, Balearic Islands, Azores and Madeira) is 50 so far, making this area one of the most diverse in the world for this group of amphipods.

The increasing number of anthropogenic areas in the marine environment results in significant impact to adjacent ecosystems. In fact, the presence of marinas modifies the original environmental conditions and ends up disturbing the faunal community. However, despite the essential role displayed by the macrofauna on marinas' fouling biota, certain taxa such as polychaetes have been poorly studied. The present study provides the first spatial characterization of the epibiont polychaete fauna associated with the bryozoan Bugula neritina in marinas along the Iberian Peninsula and the north of Morocco. A total of 32 polychaete species were identified, with Syllidae being the most diverse family. Furthermore, the environmental factors involved in the occurrence and abundance of the dominant species Salvatoria clavata were also analyzed by Generalized Linear Models; results showed that the highest predicted values of S. clavata abundance appeared at marinas with high levels of nutrient enrichment and of heavy metals concentration.

The attributes and traits of populations of intertidal invertebrates can become modified in response of the environmental pressures. Therefore, comparative studies of biological traits of range-edge populations versus non range-edge ones may provide essential insights into what processes determine their geographical distribution. In recent decades, the range of Siphonaria pectinata has expanded northwards on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, overlapped in time with significant changes in the sea surface temperature owing to weaker upwelling events. The main objective of this study was to explore differences in the traits and attributes between non range-edge and range-edge populations of S. pectinata and the potential role of temperature in shaping these populations as well. For these aims different biological traits were measured for a year in two non range-edge populations and two range-edge populations of S. pectinata. In general, non range-edge populations had higher densities and percentage of juveniles during November and smaller sizes than range-edge populations. The lack of significant differences in the reproductive traits between the two types of populations and the greater egg-ribbon lengths in range-edge populations suggests a high mortality of larvae or settled juveniles in the latter. Larval and juvenile stages are the most vulnerable stage of the life cycle of marine organisms and temperatures close to the tolerance limit may induce stress. Therefore, it is likely that lower water and air temperatures in the north could be responsible for the higher larval or juvenile mortality in range-edge populations of S.pectinata.

Based on specimens collected during several sampling programmes mainly in the northern North Sea, Scotland, a new species of the genus Terebellides (Polychaeta; Trichobranchidae) was found and described herein as Terebellides shetlandica spec. nov. The new species is primarily characterised by the presence of a long pointed posterior filament in the ventral branchial lobes. The species is compared with other Terebellides species described or reported from North Atlantic waters, and an updated key to the Terebellides species of the North East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea is provided. The presence of copepods of the genus Melinnacheres attached to the thorax of this species is reported. Morphology of T. shetlandica spec. nov. was also studied with SEM and micro-CT. Branchial characters used in the taxonomy of the genus are reviewed and four general branchial types are defined.

Nebalia mediterranea sp. nov. (Crustacea, Leptostraca) is described from the Aegean coast of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. The new species is closely related to other sympatric species in the eastern Mediterranean, N. strausi and N. kocatasi, according to general body appearance. The new species differs, however, from other Nebalia species in having a rostrum about 2.5 times as long as wide, the antennular scale is clearly more than twice as long as wide, the fourth article of the antennule has only one short thick distal spine, the third article of the antenna has three similar spine-like setae on external lateral face, the first article of the second maxilla endopod is 1.2 times as long as the second article, the exopod of the second maxilla is longer than the first article of the endopod, pleonites 5–7 have distally rounded to slightly truncated denticles along posterior dorsal borders, the protopod of pleopod 4 has 4 serrations along posterior border, and the terminal seta of the uropods is about 1.8 the length of rami.

Two new species of the Suborder Senticaudata (Corophiidae and Photidae) are described. They were collected during the expeditions “DIVA ARTABRIA I” in 2003 and “A Selva” in 2008, off the Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula). Samples were taken on hard bottoms between 800 and 1000 m deep using different gears (an epibenthic sledge an Agassiz trawl and a naturalist dredge). The corophiid Pareurystheus vitucoi sp. nov. is a blind species that can be easily distinguished from the other known genus species by the size and shape of pereopod 5. The photid Photis guerrai sp. nov is also a blind species, characterized by the presence of an anterodistal lobe on the basis of gnathopod 2. A key to the genera of Protomedeiinae is also included, as well as keys for the species of the genus Pareurystheus and the Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Photis.

The intertidal gastropod Phorcus sauciatus is a subtropical grazer that reaches its northern boundary in the Iberian Peninsula. Distribution of P. sauciatus along the Iberian Peninsula shows, however, gaps in its distribution. The present study was aimed at detecting possible recent changes on the population structure and distribution of P. sauciatus along the north-west Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. To achieve this aim, we adopted a qualitative sampling design to explore the presence of P. sauciatus along a region within its historical gap of distribution (north Portuguese coast). In addition, a quantitative sampling design was adopted to test hypotheses about the abundance and size structure of P. sauciatus populations among regions with different historical records of its abundance and among shores with different exposure. Results showed that P. sauciatus was present along the north Portuguese coast. However, the abundance and size structure of the newly settled populations were significantly different to those of the historically recorded populations. Moreover, P. sauciatus was able to establish populations at sheltered shores. Considering these results, we propose models for the distribution of P. sauciatus along the Iberian Peninsula, based on effects of sea surface temperature, and to explain the size-frequency of their populations based on their density.

The gut contents of 2982 specimens of 33 amphipod families, 71 genera and 149 species were examined, representing a high percentage of amphipod diversity in the Iberian Peninsula. Material was collected mainly from sediments, algae and hydroids along the whole coast of the Iberian Peninsula from 1989 to 2011. Although detritus was the dominant food item in the majority of amphipods, gammarideans also included carnivorous (mainly feeding on crustaceans) and herbivorous species (feeding on macroalgal tissues). Our study revealed that general assignment of a type of diet for a whole family is not always adequate. Some families showed a consistent pattern in most of the studied species (Corophiidae, Pontoporeiidae = detritivorous; Oedicerotidae, Phoxocephalidae, Stenothoidae = carnivorous; Ampithoidae = primarily herbivorous on macroalgae), but others included species with totally different feeding strategies. In general terms, detritivorous families were characterized by a stronger mandibular molar, while in carnivorous taxa this feature was less developed or reduced. The percentage of macroalgae in the digestive contents was associated in most cases with a reduction or loss of the mandibular palp. It seems that high trophic diversity in amphipods is a generalized trait along different ecosystems in all latitudes, and could be related to the ecological success of this group in marine benthic communities.

The mollusc assemblages inhabiting two fine-sediment bottoms in the Ria de Aldan (NW Iberian Peninsula) were quantitatively sampled to test hypotheses about influence of sediment in faunal composition, seasonal variation and amensalist relationships. Both trophic guilds and life habits were considered for functional group classifications of the mollusc species found. The two assemblages were found to have differences in both numerically dominant species and general structure. Among numerically dominant species, Kurtiella bidentata was the only one present in numbers at both sites; it was second to Chamelea striatula at the site with the coarsest sediment and the top dominant at the one which had higher organic content, there followed by Thyasira flexuosa. There were significant changes in abundance, number of species and diversity indexes during the study period; maximum values of abundance occurred in autumn. Seasonal variations in univariate faunal parameters and functional groups were also correlated with those in sediment features and sediment heterogeneity was identified as a key factor to explain diversity of the assemblages. The extensive mussel raft culture in the area seemed not to affect negatively either abundance or diversity and might favour higher diversity by increasing the heterogeneity of the sediment through the supply of mussel shells. Hydrodynamic regime of the embayment is suggested to be a relevant factor in determining differences between the structures of assemblages. Seasonal changes in this regime would lead to major changes in the characteristics of the sediment and therefore in the mollusc assemblages. Higher intensity and frequency of these changes seem to promote a closer relationship between the assemblage and the sediment, as well as a tighter coupling between functional and taxonomic structure of the former. The existence of amensalist relationships was dismissed for both assemblages as no negative relationships between trophic guilds were found.

This paper describes the distribution and composition of the syllid fauna inhabiting seagrass meadows in the Ensenada de O Grove (NW Spain). Samples were collected on muddy sediments colonized by either Zostera marina L., Zostera noltei Hornemann or by a mixed meadow with both species. Syllids were dominant (13340 individuals; 37% of total polychaete abundance), including 22 species (12 genera). The mixed meadows housed the highest number of species and the Z. noltei meadow had practically no syllids. The dominant species were Exogone naidina, Parapionosyllis elegans, Parexogone hebes and Prosphaerosyllis campoyi ( > 80% of total abundance). Carnivores (mainly species of Parapionosyllis, Amblyosyllis , and Streptosyllis ) were dominant, especially in muddy sand with either Z. marina or Z. noltei and sandy mud with a mixed meadow. The most important abiotic variables for explaining the composition and distribution of the syllid fauna were bottom water salinity, sorting coefficient and carbonate content. The highest number of species was recorded at sites with a high salinity and carbonate content and the lowest at sites with a high sorting coefficient.

[Abstract] The present paper reports on some morphological and biological features of the scale-worm Laetmonice producta producta Grube, 1877 (Polychaeta: Aphroditidae) in the northwestern sector of Antarctica. A total of 114 specimens were collected during the 2003 and 2006 cruises of the BENTART project on the shelf and upper slope of the Antarctic Peninsula and the Bellingshausen Sea. Specimens were collected using an Agassiz trawl at 22 stations covering a depth ranging from 115 to 1431 m. Bathymetric distribution, abundance and sizes, diet, presence of endosymbionts and epibionts, and some observations related to parapodial structure and chaetal types are discussed in relation to taxonomy and environmental characteristics and compared to previous data. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología; REN2001-1074/ANT Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología; CGL2004-01856

There are well-documented changes in abundance and geographical range of intertidal invertebrates related to climate change at north Europe. However, the effect of sea surface warming on intertidal invertebrates has been poorly studied at lower latitudes. Here we analyze potential changes in the abundance patterns and distribution range of rocky intertidal gastropods related to climate change along the Iberian Peninsula. To achieve this aim, the spatial distribution and range of sub-tropical, warm- and cold-water species of intertidal gastropods was explored by a fully hierarchical sampling design considering four different spatial scales, i.e. from region (100 s of km apart) to quadrats (ms apart). Variability on their patterns of abundance was explored by analysis of variance, changes on their distribution ranges were detected by comparing with previous records and their relationship with sea water temperature was explored by rank correlation analyses. Mean values of sea surface temperature along the Iberian coast, between 1949 and 2010, were obtained from in situ data compiled for three different grid squares: south Portugal, north Portugal, and Galicia. Lusitanian species did not show significant correlation with sea water temperature or changes on their distributional range or abundance, along the temperature gradient considered. The sub-tropical species Siphonaria pectinata has, however, increased its distribution range while boreal cold-water species showed the opposite pattern. The latter was more evident for Littorina littorea that was almost absent from the studied rocky shores of the Iberian Peninsula. Sub-tropical and boreal species showed significant but opposite correlation with sea water temperature. We hypothesized that the energetic cost of frequent exposures to sub-lethal temperatures might be responsible for these shifts. Therefore, intertidal gastropods at the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula coast are responding to the effect of global warming as it is happening at higher latitudes. However, the identity of the species showing changes in their range of distribution was different.

A new crustacean, Nebalia pseudotroncosoi n. sp. (Malacostraca: Leptostraca), occurs along the southern coasts of Korea. The specimens were collected by light traps in harbors where the bottom consisted of fine sand with some algal mats. The new taxon is distinguished from all other known species of Nebalia by the following characteristics: a rectangular compound eye with two to three small distal lobes; an antennular flagellum that is clearly shorter than the peduncle, with up to 10 articles; the fourth article of the antennular peduncle has only two distal thick setae; the antennular scale is nearly oval with a length that is 1.8 times the width; the second article of the mandibular palp has three distally plumose setae; pleonites 3 to 7 have rounded denticles along their posterior dorsal margins; and the protopod of pleopod 4 lacks serration along the posterior margin. We discuss sexual dimorphism in the genus Nebalia and propose the necessity of describing male traits when reporting new species. We also provide partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene from the new species that can be used as a molecular diagnostic characteristic.

Knowledge about the taxonomy and distribution of the monogeneric polychaete family Longosomatidae Hartman, 1944 is limited in all parts of the world. A new species of the genus Heterospio Ehlers, 1874 (Annelida, Longosomatidae) is described from the Indian Ocean. Heterospio indica sp. nov. is mainly characterised by the conspicuous fl attening of the distal half of capillary chaetae located in anterior elongated segments. Several body characters of high taxonomic relevance in the genus are examined under the SEM and discussed. The 18S SSU rDNA and COI genes were sequenced and represent the fi rst sequencing of a species of Heterospio, and the sequences have been deposited in GenBank Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CGL2014-53332-C5-3-P

28 páginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas., The study of material collected during routine monitoring surveys dealing with oil extraction and aquaculture in waters off Myanmar (North Andaman Sea) and in the Gulf of Thailand, respectively, allowed us to analyse the taxonomy and diversity of the polychaete genus Terebellides (Annelida). Three species were found, namely Terebellides cf. woolawa, Terebellides hutchingsae spec. nov. (a new species fully described and illustrated), and Terebellides sp. (likely a new species, but with only one available specimen). The new species is characterised by the combination of some branchial (number, fusion and relative length of lobes and papillation of lamellae), and thoracic (lateral lobes and relative length of notopodia) characters and is compared with all species described or reported in the SW Indo-Pacific area, as well as with those sharing similar morphological characteristics all around the world. The taxonomic relevance of the relative length of branchial lobes and different types of ciliature in branchial lamellae for species discrimination in the genus is discussed. A key to all Terebellides species described in SE Indo-Pacific waters is presented., The study has been financed by the research projects ``Fauna Ibérica: Polychaeta VI: Palpata, Canalipalpata I'' (CGL2014-53332-C5-3-P) and ``MarSymBiomics'' (CTM2013-43287-P), funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain, as well as by the Consolidated Research Group on Marine Benthic Ecology (2014SGR120), funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the research contract between the CEAB (CSIC) and the French company Créocéan.

The distribution and composition of molluscan assemblages of seagrass beds in the Ensenada de O Grove (north-western Spain), are described in this paper. The studied bottoms were mostly muddy and colonized predominantly by Zostera marina L., Z. noltei Hornemann, or by both species. Molluscan fauna was dominated by gastropods and bivalves, in terms of both species richness and abundance. A total of 7641 individuals belonging to 68 taxa was identified. The most abundant species were the gastropods Peringia ulvae, Retusa truncatula and Calyptraea chinensis and the bivalves Abra alba, Loripes lucinalis and Kurtiella bidentata. Cluster and multidimensional scaling analyses based on Bray–Curtis similarity coefficient showed two distinct faunal assemblages. Group A comprised intertidal sites colonized either by Z. noltei or by Z. marina and Z. noltei on muddy sand and sandy mud bottoms and subtidal sites exclusively colonized by Z. marina in the outer part of the inlet on muddy sand with the highest values of species richness and diversity. Group B consisted of sites characterized by low values of species diversity and a species composition typical of a ‘reduced Macoma community’. The sorting coefficient and the combination of gravel, sorting coefficient and carbonates content (BIOENV analyses) and the salinity of bottom water and depth (canonical correspondence analyses) were the most important abiotic variables in explaining the structure of the molluscan assemblage.

Apseudopsis latreillii is a common tanaidacean species widely-distributed in the north-east Atlantic, but its diagnostic characters remain unspecified. Furthermore, intraspecific variation in relation to its developmental stages has not been described. Knowledge about this variation is needed owing to the difficulty of identification of the significant number of juvenile specimens within samples, particularly when sympatric with other apseudid species. Specimens from three different localities of the north-east Atlantic have been examined, and the size of 766 individuals has been measured. Study of postmarsupial development shows that the manca II is followed by two juvenile stages before reaching maturity. Males present two possible morphologies. After a preparatory stage, females pass through a sequence of copulatory instars followed by intermediate stages in which the female loses the ovisac after manca release. Characters allowing the distinction of A. latreillii specimens regardless of developmental stage are the combination of a pointed and downturned rostrum, pereonites without apophyses, three ventral spines on the pereopod 1 propodus, and one dorsodistal spine on the merus.

Herein, we report a new species of leptostracan, Nebalia koreana (Malacostraca) collected from the southern and eastern coasts of the Korean peninsula. All the specimens of this species were collected by means of light traps from harbors where the bottoms are sandy and with algal mats. The new species differs from all other known Nebalia in the following characters: the carapace is relatively small, and covers the lateral sides of pleonite 2 and partially the lateral sides of pleonite 3; the fourth article of the antennule has up to five short distal spines; pleonites 3 to 7 have rounded denticles along the posterior dorsal borders; the epipod of thoracopod 7 bears 5 to 6 plumose setae along the posterior margin, which are lacking on the remaining thoracopods; and the protopod of pleopod 4 lacks serration along the posterior border. Only two species of Nebalia have been reported from the tropical or subtropical seas of Asia. Therefore, the new species is the first species of Nebalia found in the temperate zone of Asia. Additionally, type localities and world distribution of the genus Nebalia are provided in this paper.

Based on material collected during the BIOICE project off Iceland, the taxonomy and distribution of eight species of polychaetous annelids belonging to the genus Ampharete (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) are reviewed. Five of these species were previously reported in the area: Ampharete acutifrons, Ampharete borealis, Ampharete finmarchica, Ampharete octocirrata and Ampharete petersenae; two are new to Icelandic waters: Ampharete baltica and Ampharete lindstroemi; and one is new to science: Ampharete villenai sp. nov. A. petersenae was found for the first time after the original description and is redescribed. A. villenai sp. nov. is primarily characterized by the size, shape and disposition of the paleae, a special kind of chaetae located on the first body chaetiger. Several body characters of high taxonomic relevance in Ampharetidae are reviewed under the SEM. The distribution of each species off the coast of Iceland and a key to all species recorded in European Boreo-Arctic waters is provided.

A new species of Ampelisca (Crustacea, Amphipoda) is described from samples collected in shallow subtidal fine and very fine sand in the inlet of Baiona (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula). Ampelisca troncosoi sp. nov. is closely related to A. brachyceras and A. heterodactyla by having a rostrum between antenna 1 pair and one lateral angle at each side of the head. The new species may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: a distally rounded rostrum between the antenna 1 pair, one laterodorsal pair of corneal lenses, antenna 1 longer than antenna 2 peduncle, antenna 2 never reaching half of the body length, epimeral plates with rounded posterodistal angle, a prominent rounded urosomal carina and two rows of minute spines on the outer rami of the uropod 3.

Based on material collected during the BIOICE project off Iceland, four species of polychaetous annelids belonging to the genus Amphicteis Grube, 1850 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) were found: Amphicteis gunneri, Amphicteis ninonae, Amphicteis vestis and Amphicteis wesenbergae sp. nov. The differences between A. gunneriand A. ninonae, two species usually confused in the literature, are reviewed. Amphicteis vestis is described from newly collected material and its taxonomy in relation to other ampharetid taxa with modified notopodia is discussed. Amphicteis wesenbergae sp. nov. is described; the new species is characterized by the presence of long, slender and evenly tapered paleae, and long dorsal cirri on thoracic and abdominal neuropodia. Several body characters with high value in Amphicteis taxonomy, particularly the dorsolateral protrusions of abdominal chaetigers called rudimentary notopodia, are reviewed using scanning electron microscopy. A key to species of the genus Amphicteis described or reported in European Boreo-Arctic waters is provided. European Commission; DK-TAF-3118 European Commission; SE-TAF-4599

Angiostrongylus cantonensis meningitis was first reported in Cuba in 1981, and it was recently reported in South America. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis patterns from Cuba's and Ecuador's patients with angiostrongyliasis; 8 Ecuadorian patients from two different outbreaks and 28 Cuban patients were studied. Simultaneous blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, IgG, and albumin were quantified by radial immunodiffusion. Corresponding Reibergrams were applied. A three-Ig pattern was the most frequent in the two groups, but IgM was presented in all Ecuadorian young mature patients; however, in the Cuban children, only 12 of 28 patients had intrathecal IgM, but about 90% had an IgA and IgG synthesis at time of later puncture. This indicates that, with a larger amount of parasites ingested, clinical symptoms are more severe, and a higher frequency of intrathecal IgM synthesis could be observed. This is discussed as a similarity with the intrathecal IgM synthesis in African trypanosomiasis.

[Sampling studies on the Turkish Mediterranean coast revealed the presence of two species of Leptostraca belonging to the genus Nebalia . These species were identified as N. strausi Risso, 1826 and N. kocatasi Moreira, Kocak & Katagan, 2007. The presence of the two species is reported for the first time from the region; these records therefore further extend the known distribution of these species from the Aegean Sea to the Turkish waters of the Mediterranean Sea. A checklist of all known leptostracans from the Mediterranean Sea is provided. El estudio de muestras procedentes de la costa mediterranea de Turquia ha revelado la presencia de dos especies de Leptostraca pertenecientes al genero Nebalia . Dichas especies han sido identificadas como N. strausi Risso, 1826 y N. kocatasi Moreira, Kocak & Katagan, 2007, constituyendo de este modo la primera cita de ambas especies para dicha region. Estos nuevos registros extienden la distribucion conocida de estas especies desde el mar Egeo a aguas turcas del mar Mediterraneo. Se incluye una lista de todas las especies conocidas de leptostraceos del mar Mediterraneo. , Sampling studies on the Turkish Mediterranean coast revealed the presence of two species of Leptostraca belonging to the genus Nebalia . These species were identified as N. strausi Risso, 1826 and N. kocatasi Moreira, Kocak & Katagan, 2007. The presence of the two species is reported for the first time from the region; these records therefore further extend the known distribution of these species from the Aegean Sea to the Turkish waters of the Mediterranean Sea. A checklist of all known leptostracans from the Mediterranean Sea is provided. El estudio de muestras procedentes de la costa mediterranea de Turquia ha revelado la presencia de dos especies de Leptostraca pertenecientes al genero Nebalia . Dichas especies han sido identificadas como N. strausi Risso, 1826 y N. kocatasi Moreira, Kocak & Katagan, 2007, constituyendo de este modo la primera cita de ambas especies para dicha region. Estos nuevos registros extienden la distribucion conocida de estas especies desde el mar Egeo a aguas turcas del mar Mediterraneo. Se incluye una lista de todas las especies conocidas de leptostraceos del mar Mediterraneo. ]

The Galician rias are singular and complex estuarine systems of great economic importance. Seagrasses are key elements of the ecosystem and favor the maintenance of high species diversity in benthic communities. Nevertheless, the ecological role of seagrass meadows in the Galician rias has been only partially assessed. Peracarid crustaceans are an important component of soft-bottom faunas and have great importance for the structure of benthic assemblages. In this work, species diversity, patterns of distribution and seasonal fluctuations of peracarids (Crustacea, Peracarida) are studied in estuarine sediments colonized by two species of Zostera (Z. marina and Z. noltii) at the O Grove inlet (Ria de Arousa, Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula). The spatial distribution of peracarid assemblages was characterized by high numerical dominances due to a few species, particularly tanaidaceans. The temporal study at a Z. marina meadow showed a strongly seasonal pattern defined by great fluctuations of the amphipod population, the latter being the dominant group in abundance and number of species. The highest numbers of species and individuals were observed in September, with minimum values in March. Analyses pointed out a high correlation among the granulometric features of the studied bottoms and the faunistic attributes. Nevertheless, the presence of the seagrasses should influence in a major way the hydrodynamic and sedimentary features of the habitat and utterly the spatial and temporal patterns observed in the peracarid assemblage in the O Grove inlet.

In the summer of 1997, 27 subtidal stations were quantitatively sampled in the Ría de Aldán. A total of 81770 individuals were collected, comprising 496 species. The distribution and composition of benthic assemblages was correlated to the sedimentary characteristics which, in turn, depend on the hydrodynamic features; those patterns are reflected in a sedimentary gradient present along the ria, which is characterized by an increasing grain size from the inner margins towards the mouth. Several faunal assemblages were determined through multivariate analyses and their composition is compared with that of several communities or facies previously described from similar sediments. The Venus fasciata community was present in clean coarse sediments of the outer ria, the Venus gallina and Tellina fabula-Tellina tenuis communities in the fine-sand bottoms at the centre and margins of the ria, a transition assemblage between the Venus fasciata and the Venus gallina communities in the medium-sand sediments, and a mix of species from the Syndosmya alba and the Amphiura communities in shallower and muddy sediments in the inner areas. In general, subtidal sediments of the Ría de Aldán showed a high benthic diversity which is related to the great sedimentary heterogeneity and the lack of significant anthropogenic alterations. Durante el verano de 1997, se hicieron muestreos en 27 estaciones submareales de modo cuantitativo en la Ría de Aldán. Se recolectaron un total de 81770 individuos, pertenecientes a 496 especies. Los análisis multivariantes permitieron distinguir varias asociaciones faunísticas cuya composición puede ser referida a comunidades o facies previamente descritas de sedimentos similares: la comunidad de “Venus fasciata” está presente en sedimentos limpios de granulometría gruesa de la parte externa de la ría, las comunidades de “Venus gallina” y “Tellina fabula-Tellina tenuis” aparecen principalmente en arena fina en las áreas marginal y central, una fauna de transición entre las comunidades de V. fasciata y V. gallina se encuentra en fondos de arena media, y los fondos someros fangosos de la zona interna están caracterizados por una mezcla de especies propias de las comunidades de “Syndosmya alba” y “Amphiura”. En general, los sedimentos submareales de la Ría de Aldán presentaron una alta diversidad bentónica relacionada con la gran heterogeneidad sedimentaria y la ausencia de perturbaciones humanas significativas.

Knowledge on taxonomy and ecology of leptostracan crustaceans is still scarce in many parts of the world. Sampling in subtidal sediments in the Ria of Ferrol (NW Spain) between 2006 and 2007 yielded several leptostracan specimens belonging to six species. This is, so far, the largest number of leptostracan species reported from a single area. Some specimens belong to an undescribed species of Nebalia Leach, 1814, which is described herein as N. reboredae n. sp. The new species has a rostrum about 2.2 times as long as wide, the antennular scale is slightly more than twice as long as wide, the fourth article of the antennule has one short thick distal spine, the first article of the endopod of the second maxilla is 1.3 times as long as the second one, the exopod of the second maxilla is longer than the first article of the endopod, the posterior dorsal borders of pleonites 5-7 are provided with distally rounded to truncated denticles, and the uropods are as long as pleonite 7 and the anal somite combined. All the species collected are reported, including the number of specimens, sexual condition and substrate type. A key to all known neritic species of the Iberian Peninsula is provided.

Macrobenthic polychaete distributions were studied along the soft-bottoms of the Ensenada de San Simón (Galicia, NW Spain). Results suggest that the distribution and abundance of polychaetes in the inlet were highly dependent on depth, sediment characteristics (grain size, organic matter and calcium carbonate content) and bottom water temperature. In the inner area of the inlet, intertidal bottoms colonised by the seagrasses Zostera marina and Z. noltii were dominated by spionids and capitellids, and showed low species number and diversity. Shallow muddy bottoms of central areas were mostly dominated by ampharetids, terebellids and cirratullids. These families along with paraonids, maldanids and syllids were the most abundant families in the deeper subtidal muddy bottoms at the mouth of the inlet. These sediments also showed the highest number of species, diversity and density of individuals., La distribución de los poliquetos macrobentónicos ha sido estudiada en los fondos blandos de la Ensenada de San Simón (Galicia, NO España). La profundidad, las características del sedimento (granulometría, contenido en materia orgánica y carbonatos) y la temperatura del agua del fondo fueron los principales factores que determinaron la distribución y abundancia de los poliquetos en la ensenada. En la zona más interna, los fondos intermareales colonizados por las fanerógamas Zostera marina y Z. noltii estuvieron dominados numéricamente por espiónidos y capitélidos, y mostraron bajos valores de diversidad y número de especies. Los fondos fangosos someros del área central presentaron una fauna de poliquetos dominada principalmente por anfarétidos, terebélidos y cirratúlidos. Asimismo, estas familias estuvieron presentes en los fondos más profundos de la boca de la ensenada, donde paraónidos, maldánidos y sílidos mostraron una dominancia numérica importante. Los máximos valores de diversidad, número de especies y densidad de individuos se registraron en estos fondos submareales fangosos.