Search

Embrapa has led breeding programs for irrigated and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) since 1977, generating a large amount of pedigree and phenotypic data. However, there were no systematic standards for data recording nor long-term data preservation and reuse strategies. With the new aim of making data reuse practical, we recovered all data available and structured it into the Embrapa Rice Breeding Dataset (ERBD). In its current version, the ERBD includes 20,504 crosses involving 9,974 parents, the pedigrees of most of the 4,532 inbred lines that took part in advanced field trials, and phenotypic data from 2,711 field trials (1,118 irrigated, 1,593 upland trials), representing 226,458 field plots. Those trials were conducted over 38 years (1982-2019), in 247 locations, in latitudes ranging from 3°N to 33°S. Phenotypic traits included grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, canopy lodging, and five important fungal diseases: leaf blast, panicle blast, brown spot, leaf scald, and grain discoloration. The total number of data points surpasses 1.27 million. Descriptive statistics were computed over the dataset, split by cropping systems (irrigated or upland). The mean heritability of grain yield was high for both systems, at around .7, whereas the mean coefficient of variation was 13.9% for irrigated trials and 18.7% for upland trials. The ERBD offers the possibility of conducting studies on different aspects of rice breeding and genetics, including genetic gain, G×E analysis, genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-30T12:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cropscience-2021.pdf: 1682169 bytes, checksum: e47084fb3060926dd37ca8419b8936da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

BRS 901 and BRS 902 are red pericarp rice cultivars developed by Embrapa for irrigated and rainfed lowland production systems in Brazil. These cultivars have medium and early maturation cycles, respectively, and both have high grain yield potential, good lodging tolerance and short to medium length grains.

BRS A501 CL is the first upland rice cultivar with tolerance to the broad-spectrum herbicide Kifix®. It has a medium-length cycle, high stability of whole grain yield at processing, good disease tolerance and a high grain yield.

BRS Catiana is an irrigated rice cultivar with a medium cycle and excellent grain quality, suited for cultivation in 17 Brazilian states. It has a high yield potential (15,535 kg ha-1) and a mean yield of 7,253 kg ha-1, wide adaptation and late senescence (stay green trait). Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-25T18:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF20191cbab.pdf: 249327 bytes, checksum: 0aeff44a94169d1b1b0b4693f11547fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:32:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572017000100306.pdf: 2252168 bytes, checksum: 2faaacdc8877033ab8603484d533aa39 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Em um experimento sobre a produção orgânica do quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), que foi instalado em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, observou-se, na face adaxial do limbo foliar das folhas medianas e baixeiras, a ocorrência de lesões cloróticas e necróticas grandes, helicoidais, de coloração marrom escuro ou marrom claro e descontínuas, com desprendimento parcial da área lesionada. Na face abaxial, sobre as manchas, em condições de alta umidade, constatou-se a presença de um manto micelial esbranquiçado do patógeno, facilmente visível, recobrindo a área colonizada. Por meio da análise de características morfológicas, postulados de Koch e análise filogenética da região ITS-5.8S do rDNA do fungo isolado, identificou-se Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (fase assexuada Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn grupo de anastomose AG-1 ID) como o agente causal da doença. Este é o primeiro relato de T. cucumeris causando mancha foliar em quiabeiro no Brasil e, provavelmente, no mundo. Até então, sua ocorrência em quiabeiro estava restrita à podridão pós-colheita em frutos e tombamento de mudas. In an experiment on organic production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) that was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014, in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, we observed large chlorotic, necrotic, helical, discontinuous, dark or light-brown lesions with partial detachment of the injured area on the adaxial surface of leaves located in the median and basal portions of the plants. A whitish mycelium mantle covers the lesions on the leaves at the abaxial surface at high moisture conditions. Using morphological characteristics, Koch’s postulates, and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region, we identified that the fungus causing the lesions on the okra leaves was Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (asexual stage of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of the anastomosis group AG-1 ID). This is the first report of T. cucumeris causing web blight on okra in Brazil, and probably in the world. So far, T. cucumeris was described on okra only on post-harvest pods rotting and seedlings’ damping off. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas: 307295/2015-0; 2004/02127-9 CNPq: 307295/2015-0; 2004/02127-9 FAPESP: 307295/2015-0; 2004/02127-9

The relative performance of one genotype is not identical in different environments due to genotype-environment interaction (G×E). Thus, for a breeding program to successfully develop cultivars, it is fundamental that candidate elite-lines are tested in several target environments and that the data are analysed for yield, adaptability and stability. The objective of this work was to study the G×E for upland rice using a mixed model and, using the harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV) method, to analyse cultivars and elite-lines over time to identify those that aggregate high grain yield (GY) with high genotypic adaptability and stability. A large dataset of “value for cultivation and use trials” collected by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and collaborators from 1984 to 2010, involving seven states that represent upland rice crops in the Midwest, North and Northeast regions of Brazil, was used. The effect of location was shown to be more important than the effect of year for promoting crossover interaction. The CNA 8555 had the best GY associated with adaptability and stability, presenting a superiority of 13.28 % above the general mean of all elite-lines. Using already-released cultivars and potential elite-lines, the generalised linear regression analysis revealed significant progress of the stability and adaptability associated with GY over time. The HMRPGV method was shown to be an important tool and allowed identification of three elite-lines in the Embrapa pipeline (AB 062008, AB 062041 and AB 062037), each with high stability, adaptability and yield potential to be released commercially.

BRS Pampeira is a rice cultivar developed by Embrapa, recommended for irrigated cultivation in Brazil. It shows modern architecture, with high tillering and tolerance to lodging. It stands out for its high yield potential, medium cycle and good grain quality.

The largest numbers of the Brazilian traditional upland rice varieties are found in the Maranhao state, Northeast region of Brazil. However, no information is available on the diazotrophic bacterial population associated as well as the plant growth promoting potential when these traditional genotypes are inoculated with native strains. Here, we evaluated the response of ten traditional rice varieties to inoculation with ten diazotrophic strains, previously isolated from rice soil of this region and screened for their ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro. The procedure for selection of the best diazotrophic strain/rice variety interaction involved three steps: gnotobiotic conditions, soil pot and field experiments. The gnotobiotic experiment showed that the Azospirillum amazonense strain AR3122 increased the biomass of the traditional varieties Cana Roxa and Cana Forte (28 and 48%, respectively) while this effect was less evident for the other combination of strains/rice varieties. The soil pot experiment showed that the combination of Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain AR 1122 and traditional variety Arroz 70 was superior to the other strains/varieties and the treatment fertilized with 100 kg N ha−1. The best performance of the Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain AR1122/variety Arroz 70 was confirmed in the field experiment. There was an increase of up 10 and 29% in the grain yield in comparison to both the N fertilization and Herbaspirillum seropedicae ZAE 94 strain treatments, respectively. In contrast, the response of the commercial variety Bonanca to inoculation with strain AR1122 was much lower, suggesting that a biofertilizer inoculation program for traditional rice varieties should consider the genetic interaction between strain and rice variety. The diazotrophic B. vietmaniensis strain AR1122 was a good biofertilizer candidate for inoculation of traditional rice varieties and therefore should be used for further studies to confirm the strain-genotype effect envisaging a sustainable rice crop system mainly in the Northeast region of Brazil.

O N e o nutriente de maior importância para a produtividade do arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta de cultivares de arroz de terras altas em funcao de diferentes doses e epocas de adubacao nitrogenada. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repeticoes. Foram estudadas cinco cultivares de arroz (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera e BRS Sertaneja), tres epocas de aplicacao de N (100 % na semeadura; 50 % na semeadura e 50 % no perfilhamento; e 100 % no perfilhamento) e quatro doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1). As cultivares avaliadas responderam ao incremento de doses e a epoca de aplicacao de N, destacando-se BRS Primavera e BRS Sertaneja como as mais produtivas quando as doses de N foram distribuidas 50 % na semeadura e 50 % no perfilhamento, enquanto a cultivar BRS Monarca apresentou a melhor resposta a adubacao nitrogenada quando todo o N foi aplicado no perfilhamento.

The objective of this study was to estimate the results of the upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding program conducted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and collaborators over the period of 1984 to 2009 covering 25 annual steps of improvement. The best lines generated by this program are evaluated in “value for cultivation and use (VCU) trials.” This study used data from 603 VCU trials conducted in seven Brazilian States. The group of lines entering VCU in each year was taken as a sample of the elite program in that year. Best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) of the means of groups were computed, and the regression of the BLUEs on years was taken as an estimate of the effi ciency of the breeding program. Traits studied were grain yield (GY), days to fl owering (DTF), and plant height (PH). For GY, three phases were described: from 1984 to 1992, the gain for GY was nonsignifi cant, from 1992 to 2002, the yearly gain was 15.7 kg ha −1 (0.53%), and from 2002 to 2009, the yearly gain was 45.0 kg.ha −1 (1.44%). No evidence of yield plateau was observed. There was a reduction of 0.25 d yr −1 in DTF and 0.52 cm yr −1 in PH, refl ecting the change from traditional to modern cultivars. Factors infl uencing the results of the breeding program in this period are discussed.

Periodic assessment of the genetic progress made in recurrent selection programs is essential for assessing the evolution of the programs and identifying the main factors that have contributed to this progress. This study aimed to estimate genetic progress in grain yield, plant height and days-to-flowering achieved in the CNA6 population of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), after four cycles of recurrent selection; and evaluate the genetic potential of this population to generate superior inbred lines after each selection cycle. The experimental data were obtained from progeny yield trials of each recurrent selection cycle. These trials were carried out in two or three locations per cycle, and consisted of S0:2 progenies and at least three checks. Federer?s augmented block design, with one replication on location (the environment), was adopted. Results revealed genetic progress for grain yield and plant height, with total genetic gains of 375.87 kg ha−1 and -3.90 cm, respectively, during the four selection cycles. The annual relative gain observed for grain yield was 1.54 %. The genetic potential of the population was analysed by the expected proportion of superior inbred lines. The standard adopted as the limit for obtaining superior inbred lines was the average of the checks for each trait. The genetic potential for grain yield and plant height increased during the study period. For days-to-flowering, no genetic gain occurred; however, the genetic potential of the population to generate superior inbred lines for this trait was maintained after the selection cycles.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial produtivo e a interação entre genótipos e ambientes em 550 acessos da Coleção Nuclear de Arroz da Embrapa. O desempenho, a adaptação e a estabilidade produtiva de cada genótipo foram avaliados por meio da metodologia de análise dos efeitos principais aditivos e interações multiplicativas (AMMI), em nove experimentos de campo, realizados em seis Estados, em condição de sequeiro e irrigada, durante três anos agrícolas. Foi realizada a análise por meio de modelos lineares mistos, e as estimativas de componentes de variância foram obtidas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança residual (REML), com aplicação do procedimento de melhor predição linear não viesada (BLUP) para a predição dos valores genéticos dos efeitos aleatórios (EBLUP) associados a cada um dos acessos. O grupo de acessos com melhor desempenho foi o de linhagens e cultivares brasileiras (LCB), conforme o esperado. No entanto, foram identificadas variedades tradicionais (VT) entre os genótipos mais produtivos, o que mostra o potencial deste grupo de germoplasma em contribuir com novas fontes de variabilidade genética para programas de melhoramento. Foram identificados acessos superiores quanto à estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade de grãos, entre os quais destacam-se CA880078, CA840182 e CNA00091. The objective of this work was to determine the productive potential and the genotype by environment interaction of 550 accessions of the Embrapa's Rice Core Collection. The performance, and yield adaptability and stability of each genotype was evaluated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) approach, in nine field experiments, carried out in six Brazilian states, under dry and irrigated conditions, during three years. The linear mixed model analysis was performed, and the estimates of the variance components were obtained by the residual maximum likelihood (REML), using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure for the prediction of the genotypic values of random effects (EBLUP) associated with each accession. The group of accessions with better performance was the one of lines and cultivars from Brazil (LCB), as expected. However, traditional varieties (VT) were identified among the best yielding genotypes, which shows the potential of this germplasm group to contribute as a new source of genetic variability to breeding programs. Superior accessions were identified for their stability, adaptability and grain yield, among which CA880078, CA840182 and CNA00091 stand out.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de análise dialélica, o potencial de dez variedades de arroz-vermelho para a implementação de um programa de melhoramento. A identificação de genitores foi feita com dez variedades, em um cruzamento dialélico completo sem recíprocos. As variedades e seus 45 cruzamentos foram avaliados nas gerações F1 e F3, quanto às suas características agronômicas, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Para o caráter produção de grãos, foram avaliados: a heterose do cruzamento (H), o efeito varietal (v), a heterose média (h), a heterose varietal (h) e a heterose específica (s) em cada geração, além da capacidade geral de combinação (g) dos genitores. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre as variedades genitoras, quanto às características agronômicas avaliadas, e foram considerados mais promissores, para a seleção de novas linhagens, os cruzamentos 'AL03/PB13' e 'PB05/PB10', em razão das estimativas favoráveis dos parâmetros relacionados à produtividade, à diversidade genética e à capacidade de combinação de seus genitores. The objective of this work was to evaluate, using the diallelic analysis, the potential of ten varieties of red rice for the implementation of a breeding program. The identification of parents was performed with ten lendraces was performed with in a complete diallel crossing without reciprocals. The varieties and their 45 diallel crosses were evaluated in generations F1 and F3 for agronomic traits in a randomized block design. For the yield character, the following characteristics were evaluated: varietal effect, varietal heterosis and specific heterosis in each generation, plus the general combining ability. Significant differences among parents for the traits evaluated were detected; and the crosses 'AL03/PB13' and 'PB05/PB10' were considered the most promising for selection of elite lines of red rice for the favorable parameter estimates related to yield, genetic diversity and combining ability of their parents.

Objetivando avaliar os progressos obtidos pelo programa de melhoramento genético do arroz (Oryza sativa L.) irrigado, desenvolvido no meio-norte do Brasil, foram analisados os dados de produtividade de grãos, floração média, altura de planta e acamamento das linhagens componentes de 37 ensaios comparativos avançados, conduzidos de 1984 a 1997. Além das testemunhas (`Cica 8' e `Metica 1'), 89 linhagens foram contempladas neste estudo. Nesse período, o ganho médio anual de produtividade foi de apenas 0,3%, significativo (p < 0,05), porém de baixa magnitude. As correlações genéticas estimadas pelos métodos convencional e indireto foram de magnitudes semelhantes. Das seis cultivares recomendadas para cultivo no período avaliado, a Diamante proporcionou ganhos consideráveis quanto à qualidade dos grãos, em comparação com as testemunhas. Data from 37 advanced yield trials, conducted from 1984 to 1997, were analyzed to evaluate the genetic progress made by the Brazilian Mid-north Region irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding program. The following traits were measured: grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, and lodging. These trials had 89 breeding lines and two checks (`Cica 8' and `Metica 1'). During these 14 years of experiments, the annual gain for grain yield was small and equal to 0.3%, but statistically significant (P < 0.05). The genetic correlations estimated by the conventional and indirect methods were similar. Out of the six cultivars recommended for the region during this period, the cultivar Diamante provided significant gains for grain quality, when compared to the checks.