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1. Biochemical and Biological Assays of Mycolactone-Mediated Inhibition of Sec61

Author: Caroline Demangel, Sarah O'Keefe, Stephen High, University of Manchester [Manchester], Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Kop, Marie-Luce
Subjects: Sec61, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, MESH: Biological Assay, chemistry.chemical_compound, In vitro transcription and translation, Ubiquitin, MESH: Buruli Ulcer, Microsomes, medicine, Humans, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Flow cytometry, Mycolactone, Buruli Ulcer, Sec61 translocon, MESH: Humans, biology, Chemistry, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Membrane Proteins, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cytosol, medicine.anatomical_structure, Membrane protein, Proteasome, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Biological Assay, Co-translational translocation, MESH: Membrane Proteins, Macrolides, MESH: Macrolides, MESH: SEC Translocation Channels, SEC Translocation Channels
Abstract: International audience; Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer disease, is unique among human pathogens in its capacity to produce mycolactone, a diffusible macrolide with immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties. Recent studies have shown that mycolactone operates by inhibiting the host membrane translocation complex (Sec61), with an unprecedented potency compared to previously identified Sec61 blockers. Mycolactone binding to the pore-forming subunit of Sec61 inhibits its capacity to transport nascent secretory and membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to their cytosolic degradation by the ubiquitin:proteasome system. In T lymphocytes, Sec61 blockade by mycolactone manifests as a sharp decrease in the cell's ability to express homing receptors and release cytokines following activation. Sustained exposure of human cells to mycolactone typically generates proteotoxic stress responses in their cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ultimately inducing apoptosis. Here we describe cell-free systems for studying Sec61-mediated protein translocation that allow the impact of mycolactone on the biogenesis of secretory and membrane proteins to be probed. We also describe biological assays of mycolactone-driven inhibition of Sec61 providing rapid and sensitive means to quantitatively assess the presence of the toxin in biological samples.
Published: 2021
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2. Insights into the ancestry evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from analysis of Mycobacterium riyadhense

Author: Talal AlMutairi, Shamsudeen F. Fagbo, Muhammad Amin urRahman, Albel Singh, Caroline Demangel, Arnab Pain, Stephen V. Gordon, Alicia Smyth, Thomas Laval, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Sara Mfarrej, John A. Browne, Anwar Hoosen, Faisal A. Alasmari, Chie Nakajima, Apoorva Bhatt, Musa A. Garbati, Alya Alruwaili, Qingtian Guan, Conor J. Meehan, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), King Fahad Medical City [Riyadh] (KFMC), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control [Riyadh, Saudi Arabia], Nigerian Institute of Medical Research [Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria] (NIMR), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), University of Bradford, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], KAUST [BAS/1/1020-01- 01], BBSRC [BB/N004574/1 to S.G., A.B.], SFI [SFI/15/IA/3154 to S.G.], We wish to thank members of the Bioscience Core Lab (BCL) of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology for sequencing the bacterial genomic DNAs on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 and PacBio RSII platforms., and Kop, Marie-Luce
Subjects: Genetics, Tuberculosis, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virulence, Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Genome, Transcriptome, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, medicine, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Antitoxin, Gene
Abstract: Current evolutionary scenarios posit the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an environmental saprophyte through a cumulative process of genome adaptation. Mycobacterium riyadhense, a related bacillus, is being increasingly isolated from human clinical cases with tuberculosis-like symptoms in various parts of the world. To elucidate the evolutionary relationship between M. riyadhense and other mycobacterial species, including members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC), eight clinical isolates of M. riyadhense were sequenced and analyzed. We show, among other features, that M. riyadhense shares a large number of conserved orthologs with M. tuberculosis and shows the expansion of toxin/antitoxin pairs, PE/PPE family proteins compared with other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. We observed M. riyadhense lacks wecE gene which may result in the absence of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) IV. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of infected macrophages reveals genes encoding inducers of Type I IFN responses, such as cytosolic DNA sensors, were relatively less expressed by macrophages infected with M. riyadhense or M. kansasii, compared to BCG or M. tuberculosis. Overall, our work sheds new light on the evolution of M. riyadhense, its relationship to the MTBC, and its potential as a system for the study of mycobacterial virulence and pathogenesis.
Published: 2021
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3. The impact of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors and adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the endocannabinoid system

Author: Ivo G. Boneca, Gabriel Lepousez, Laure Guenin-Macé, Aline Rifflet, Thomas Laval, Gérard Eberl, Eleni Siopi, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Caroline Demangel, Maud Pascal, Grégoire Chevalier, François Leulier, Microenvironnement et Immunité - Microenvironment and Immunity, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall (BGPB), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and lepousez, gabriel
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Neurogenesis, Biology, Hippocampal formation, Gut flora, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Endocannabinoid system, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, chemistry, Mood disorders, Internal medicine, medicine, Arachidonic acid, Chronic stress, Dysbiosis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: SUMMARYDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota, but causality remains yet to be established. Here, using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as a mouse model of depression, we show that the UCMS mice display phenotypic alterations — characterized by an altered gut microbiota composition, a reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a depressive-like behaviors — which could be transferred from UCMS donors to naïve recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. The cellular and behavioral alterations observed in recipient mice were accompanied by a decrease in the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling due to lower peripheral levels of fatty acid precursors of eCB ligands. The adverse effects of UCMS-transferred microbiota on adult neurogenesis and behavior in naïve recipient mice were alleviated by selectively enhancing the central eCB tone or by adding arachidonic acid, a fatty acid precursor of eCB ligands, to the diet. In the gut of both UCMS donors and recipients, the microbiota composition was characterized by a relative decrease in Lactobacilli abundance, and complementation of the UCMS recipient microbiota with a strain of the Lactobacilli genus was sufficient to restore normal eCB brain levels, hippocampal neurogenesis and to alleviate depressive-like behaviors. Our findings provide a mechanistic scenario for how chronic stress, diet and gut microbiota dysbiosis generate a pathological feed-forward loop that contributes to despair behavior via the central eCB system.
Published: 2021

4. Not too fat to fight -The emerging role of macrophage fatty acid metabolism in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author: Lise Chaumont, Thomas Laval, Caroline Demangel, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Paris (UP), C.D. acknowledges core support from Institut Pasteur and INSERM (U1221). T.L. was a BioSPC- Université de Paris PhD student, recipient of doctoral fellowships from the Ministère français de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (2016-2019) and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FDT201904008040)., Kop, Marie-Luce, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunology, cell lineages and subsets, Virulence, Biology, infectious diseases, Microbiology, lung, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lipid droplet, Humans, Tuberculosis, Immunology and Allergy, Macrophage, bacterial, Pathogen, Phagosome, Fatty Acids, Lipid metabolism, Lipid signaling, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Lipid Metabolism, 3. Good health, macrophages, 030104 developmental biology, fatty acid metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, monocytes, Intracellular, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; While the existence of a special relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and host lipids has long been known, it remains a challenging enigma. It was clearly established that Mtb requires host fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol to produce energy, build its distinctive lipid-rich cell wall and produce lipid virulence factors. It was also observed that in infected hosts, Mtb constantly resides in a FA-rich environment that the pathogen contributes to generate by inducing a lipid-laden “foamy” phenotype in host macrophages. These observations, and the proximity between lipid droplets and phagosomes containing bacteria within infected macrophages gave rise to the hypothesis that Mtb reprograms host cell lipid metabolism to ensure a continuous supply of essential nutrients and its long-term persistence in vivo. However, recent studies question this principle by indicating that in Mtb-infected macrophages, lipid droplet formation prevents bacterial acquisition of host FAs while supporting the production of FA-derived protective lipid mediators. Further, in vivo investigations reveal discrete macrophage phenotypes linking the FA metabolisms of host cell and intracellular pathogen. Notably, FA storage within lipid droplets characterizes both macrophages controlling Mtb infection and dormant intracellular Mtb. In this review, we integrate findings from immunological and microbiological studies illustrating the new concept that cytoplasmic accumulation of FAs is a metabolic adaptation of macrophages to Mtb infection, which potentiates their antimycobacterial responses and forces the intracellular pathogen to shift into fat-saving, survival mode.
Published: 2021
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5. Antigen-Specific In Vivo Killing Assay

Author: Nada Chaoul, Gilles Dadaglio, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Margherita Gigante, Elena Ranieri, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Lysis, biology, Chemistry, Molecular biology, Epitope, Mouse model, Antigen-specific lysis of target cells, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, In vivo, Antigen specific, MHC class I, biology.protein, Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, Cytotoxic T cell, Vaccine testing, CD8, 030215 immunology, Flow cytometry-based In vivo killing assay
Abstract: International audience; The in vivo killing assay allows the quantification of the antigen-specific killing capacity of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocytes (CTLs) in mice. CTLs are indeed known for the lysis of cells expressing foreign or modified antigen peptides on their MHC class I molecules. Here we describe the detailed protocol used for the in vivo specific lysis of cells expressing the H-2 Kb immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitope of the OVA protein: an 8 amino acid peptide corresponding to the 257-264 region of OVA (SIINFEKL).
Published: 2021
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6. Mycolactone Purification from M. ulcerans Cultures and HPLC-Based Approaches for Mycolactone Quantification in Biological Samples

Author: Aline Rifflet, Caroline Demangel, Laure Guenin-Macé, Kop, Marie-Luce, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Folch’s extraction, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], TLC, Membrane translocation, Human pathogen, MESH: Mycobacterium ulcerans, High-performance liquid chromatography, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polyketide synthase, Lc ms ms, Quantitative assessment, Humans, LC-MS/MS, Mycolactone, MESH: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, MESH: Humans, biology, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Polyketide Synthases, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Macrolides, MESH: Macrolides, Polyketide Synthases
Abstract: International audience; Mycolactones are a family of polyketide synthase products made by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans that were recently identified as novel inhibitors of the host membrane translocation complex (Sec61). Here, we provide protocols for the purification of mycolactones from bacterial cultures, and for their quantitative assessment in biological samples.
Published: 2021
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7. Spatiotemporal analysis of mycolactone distribution in vivo reveals partial diffusion in the central nervous system

Author: Thomas Laval, Sarah Saint-Auret, Ivo G. Boneca, Laurent Boucontet, Caroline Demangel, Jean-Pierre Levraud, Laure Guenin-Macé, Christophe Prehaud, Anaelle da Costa, Emma Colucci-Guyon, Aline Rifflet, Nicolas Blanchard, Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Laboratoire d'innovation moléculaire et applications (LIMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-Immunologie Virale - Viral Neuro-immunology, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur 'Microbes & Brain' collaborative project (LGM) and the Fondation Raoul Follereau (CD), core support from Institut Pasteur and INSERM (U1221). This study has received funding from the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n °ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) (IGB). AR was support by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases. T.L. was a BioSPC-Université Paris Diderot PhD student, recipient of doctoral fellowships from the Ministère français de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (2016–2019) and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FDT201904008040)., We thank the Image Analysis Hub of the Institut Pasteur for help with image analysis. We are grateful to Laurent Marsollier for the malaysian human isolate M. ulcerans 1615 and to Tim Stinear for the bioluminescent strain of M.ulcerans., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Bacterial Diseases, 0301 basic medicine, Buruli ulcer, Life Cycles, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RC955-962, Nervous System, chemistry.chemical_compound, Larvae, Medical Conditions, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Mycolactone, Buruli Ulcer, Zebrafish, biology, Optical Imaging, Eukaryota, Animal Models, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Actinobacteria, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Experimental Organism Systems, Osteichthyes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Larva, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Macrolides, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Imaging Techniques, Materials Science, Material Properties, Bacterial Toxins, Central nervous system, Glial Cells, Research and Analysis Methods, Blood–brain barrier, Permeability, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, In vivo, Fluorescence Imaging, medicine, Animals, Humans, Microglial Cells, Bacteria, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Endothelial Cells, Cell Biology, Tropical Diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, In vitro, Fish, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Astrocytes, Animal Studies, Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, is unique amongst human pathogens in its capacity to produce a lipid toxin called mycolactone. While previous studies have demonstrated that bacterially-released mycolactone diffuses beyond infection foci, the spatiotemporal distribution of mycolactone remained largely unknown. Here, we used the zebrafish model to provide the first global kinetic analysis of mycolactone’s diffusion in vivo, and multicellular co-culture systems to address the critical question of the toxin’s access to the brain. Zebrafish larvae were injected with a fluorescent-derivative of mycolactone to visualize the in vivo diffusion of the toxin from the peripheral circulation. A rapid, body-wide distribution of mycolactone was observed, with selective accumulation in tissues near the injection site and brain, together with an important excretion through the gastro-intestinal tract. Our conclusion that mycolactone reached the central nervous system was reinforced by an in cellulo model of human blood brain barrier and a mouse model of M. ulcerans-infection. Here we show that mycolactone has a broad but heterogenous profile of distribution in vivo. Our investigations in vitro and in vivo support the view that a fraction of bacterially-produced mycolactone gains access to the central nervous system. The relative persistence of mycolactone in the bloodstream suggests that assays of circulating mycolactone are relevant for BU disease monitoring and treatment optimization., Author summary Mycolactone is the major virulence factor of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the human pathogen causing Buruli ulcer (BU) disease. While it is now established that mycolactone is able to diffuse from infected tissues to exert immunomodulatory and analgesic effects at the systemic level, the in vivo spatiotemporal distribution of mycolactone remained largely unknown. Here, using the zebrafish larva, we describe the spatiotemporal distribution of a fluorescent derivative of mycolactone in vivo. We show that fluorescent mycolactone quickly diffuses from the blood circulation into various organs, and accumulates in muscles and brain. Mycolactone’s diffusion into the central nervous system was further confirmed in the mouse model of M. ulcerans infection. We reported previously that mycolactone suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators by primary microglia at nanomolar concentrations in vitro [1]. In the present study, we provide evidence suggesting that bacterially-produced mycolactone is able to reach the brain. While additional in vivo investigations will be required, we can speculate that the amount of mycolactone reaching the brain in the context of M. ulcerans infection is sufficient to modulate inflammation and pain transmission.
Published: 2020
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8. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Author: Jean-Marc Doisne, Pedro Gonçalves, Lysiane Boulet, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Laure Guenin-Macé, Sabine Duchatelet, Vincent Bondet, James P. Di Santo, Alain Hovnanian, Aude Nassif, Darragh Duffy, Maïa Delage, Angèle Schiavo, Véronique Mayau, J Morel, Caroline Demangel, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Immunité Innée - Innate Immunity, Biochimie Hormonale et Nutritionnelle, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Genetic skin diseases : from disease mechanism to therapies (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Génétique Médicale [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), This study was supported by Institut Pasteur (to CD and JPDS) via the Center for Translational Science, INSERM (U1221, to CD, U1223, to JPDS), and 'Société Française de Dermatologie' (to AN). The Biomics Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur is supported by France Génomique (ANR-10-INBS-09-09) and IBISA., We thank Armanda Casrouge for assistance in performing the immunostaining of skin biopsies, Olivier Join-Lambert for fruitful discussions on the skin microbiota of patients with HS, and Harry Sokol for his critical reading of this manuscript. We also thank Valérie Briolat and Laurence Motreff of the Biomics Wet-Lab Platform for 16S rRNA sequencing and the Image Analysis Hub for immunofluorescence data processing., ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Vougny, Marie-Christine, Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique - - France-Génomique2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Kynurenine pathway, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Immune homeostasis, Kynurenine, Skin, 0303 health sciences, integumentary system, biology, Tryptophan, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Adult, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Inflammation, Dermatology, Amino acid metabolism, Tryptophan catabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Host Microbial Interactions, business.industry, Cellular immune response, Fibroblasts, medicine.disease, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Axilla, Immunology, biology.protein, business, Dysbiosis
Abstract: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder of unknown etiology that manifests as recurrent, painful lesions. Cutaneous dysbiosis and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of active HS, but their origin and interplay remain unclear. Our metabolomic profiling of HS skin revealed an abnormal induction of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in dermal fibroblasts, correlating with the release of kynurenine pathway–inducing cytokines by inflammatory cell infiltrates. Notably, overactivation of the kynurenine pathway in lesional skin was associated with local and systemic depletion in tryptophan. Yet the skin microbiota normally degrades host tryptophan into indoles regulating tissue inflammation via engagement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In HS skin lesions, we detected contextual defects in AHR activation coinciding with impaired production of bacteria-derived AHR agonists and decreased incidence of AHR ligand-producing bacteria in the resident flora. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the skin-microbiota interface thus provides a mechanism linking the immunological and microbiological features of HS lesions. In addition to revealing metabolic alterations in patients with HS, our study suggests that correcting AHR signaling would help restore immune homeostasis in HS skin., Loss of homeostasis of tryptophan metabolism at the host-microbiota interface may contribute to Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Published: 2020
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9. Effect of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors in mice is mediated by the endocannabinoid system

Author: Grégoire Chevalier, Gabriel Lepousez, Alain Pruvost, Thomas Laval, Aline Rifflet, Emeline Chu-Van, Maud Pascal, Ivo G. Boneca, Laure Guenin-Macé, Caroline Demangel, Gérard Eberl, Eleni Siopi, Benoit Colsch, Pierre-Marie Lledo, François Leulier, Aurélie Messager, Microenvironnement et Immunité - Microenvironment and Immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Inflammasome NLRP3 – NLRP3 Inflammasome, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Major Federating Program 'Microbes & Brain' of the Institut Pasteur, Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grant ANR-16-CE15-0021-02-PG-Brain and a grant from the Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau (FRC). Lledo’s laboratory is supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grants ANR-16-CE37-0010-ORUPS and ANR-15-NEUC-0004-02 'Circuit-OPL,' Laboratory for Excellence Programme 'Revive' Grant ANR-10-LABX-73, and the Life Insurance Company AG2R-La Mondiale. Boneca’s laboratory and A.R. were supported by the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)., ANR-16-CE15-0021,PG-Brain,Modulation de l'activité du cerveau par le peptidoglycan bactérien(2016), ANR-16-CE37-0010,ORUPS,Représentation sensorielle lors d'états psychotiques(2016), ANR-15-NEUC-0004,CIRCUIT-OPL,US-French Research Proposal- Neural Circuits and Plasticity- Olfactory Perception and Learning(2015), ANR-10-LABX-0073,REVIVE,Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), HUGOT, Bérengère, Modulation de l'activité du cerveau par le peptidoglycan bactérien - - PG-Brain2016 - ANR-16-CE15-0021 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Représentation sensorielle lors d'états psychotiques - - ORUPS2016 - ANR-16-CE37-0010 - AAPG2016 - VALID, US-French Research Proposal- Neural Circuits and Plasticity- Olfactory Perception and Learning - - CIRCUIT-OPL2015 - ANR-15-NEUC-0004 - CRCNS - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine - - REVIVE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0073 - LABX - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Science, Neurogenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, General Physics and Astronomy, Biology, Gut flora, Microbiology, Neural circuits, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Chronic stress, Pathological, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, Depression, Fatty Acids, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, General Chemistry, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Endocannabinoid system, 3. Good health, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Complementation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Lactobacillus, 030104 developmental biology, Mood disorders, Immunology, Stress and resilience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stress, Psychological, Endocannabinoids
Abstract: Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota. Here, using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as a mouse model of depression, we show that UCMS mice display phenotypic alterations, which could be transferred from UCMS donors to naïve recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. The cellular and behavioral alterations observed in recipient mice were accompanied by a decrease in the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling due to lower peripheral levels of fatty acid precursors of eCB ligands. The adverse effects of UCMS-transferred microbiota were alleviated by selectively enhancing the central eCB or by complementation with a strain of the Lactobacilli genus. Our findings provide a mechanistic scenario for how chronic stress, diet and gut microbiota generate a pathological feed-forward loop that contributes to despair behavior via the central eCB system., The gut microbiota may contribute to depression, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here the authors use a mouse model of stress induced depression to demonstrate that behavioural changes conferred by fecal transplant from stressed to naïve mice require the endocannabinoid system.
Published: 2020
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10. Recombinant Antibodies against Mycolactone

Author: M. Frank Erasmus, Fortunato Ferrara, Caroline Demangel, Leslie Naranjo, Sara D'Angelo, Andre A. Teixera, Nicolas Blanchard, Andrew Bradbury, Specifica Inc.[Santa Fe], Laboratoire d'innovation moléculaire et applications (LIMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This research was funded by NIH, R01-AI-113266 from the National Institutes of Health., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Buruli ulcer, single chain Fv, Phage display, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, mycolactone, Yeast display, Biology, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Yeasts, medicine, Humans, recombinant antibody, Biotinylation, yeast display, Mycolactone, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Communication, lcsh:R, Antibodies, Monoclonal, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Recombinant Proteins, 3. Good health, Immunization, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Macrolides, Antibody, phage display
Abstract: International audience; In the past, it has proved challenging to generate antibodies against mycolactone, the primary lipidic toxin A of Mycobacterium ulcerans causing Buruli ulcer, due to its immunosuppressive properties. Here we show that in vitro display, comprising both phage and yeast display, can be used to select antibodies recognizing mycolactone from a large human naïve phage antibody library. Ten different antibodies were isolated, and hundreds more identified by next generation sequencing. These results indicate the value of in vitro display methods to generate antibodies against difficult antigenic targets such as toxins, which cannot be used for immunization unless inactivated by structural modification. The possibility to easily generate anti-mycolactone antibodies is an exciting prospect for the development of rapid and simple diagnostic/detection methods.
Published: 2019
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11. Mycolactone: More than Just a Cytotoxin

Author: Laure Guenin-Macé, Caroline Demangel, Gerd Pluschke, Marie-Thérèse Ruf, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Toxin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Mycobacterial culture, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Focal necrosis, medicine, %22">Fish , Mycolactone, Cytotoxicity, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; From their observation of necrotic areas around bacterial foci in Buruli ulcers (BUs), Connor and co-workers were the first, back in 1965, to suggest that M. ulcerans may produce a diffusible cytotoxin [1]. This hypothesis was later confirmed by injecting mycobacterial culture filtrates into the skin of guinea pigs, showing that this causes focal necrosis resembling that of naturally occurring human infections [1–3]. In 1999, George et al. succeeded in isolating a cytotoxic factor from M. ulcerans lipid extracts, and deciphered its chemical nature [4]. The M. ulcerans toxin was named mycolactone, based on its mycobacterial origin and macrolactone structure: a 12-membered lactone ring, to which a C5-O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain and a C-linked upper side chain comprising C12–C20 are appended (Fig. 1). Follow-up studies showed that M. ulcerans-derived mycolactone was in reality a mixture of two stereoisomers called A and B [6, 7] (Fig. 1). Since the initial discovery of mycolactone A/B, eight additional mycolactone congeners have been identified that are either produced by M. ulcerans strains of different geographical origins or genetically related fish and frog pathogens, which were initially given different species designations such as M. pseudoshottsii and M. liflandii. Comparative genome analysis later revealed that all mycolactone-producing mycobacteria evolved from a common M. marinum-like progenitor, and are therefore ecovars of a single M. ulcerans species [8]. While the macrolide core structure and upper side chain are conserved, mycolactone populations from different M. ulcerans sub-lineages vary in the length, number and localization of hydroxyl groups and number of double bonds of the lower side chain. These modifications of the lower polyunsaturated acyl side chain cause pronounced changes in cytotoxicity [9–11]. The origin and chemistry of natural mycolactones, structure-activity relationships and the various approaches that were developed to generate synthetic mycolactones have been reviewed recently [12, 13]. These aspects will therefore not be further discussed here. Instead, this chapter provides an update on our understanding of mycolactone (A/B) biology, and discusses its proposed mechanisms of action in relation with BU pathogenesis.
Published: 2019
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12. Mycobacterial Phenolic Glycolipids Selectively Disable TRIF-Dependent TLR4 Signaling in Macrophages

Author: Reid Oldenburg, Caroline Demangel, Jacques Prandi, Catherine Werts, Christophe Guilhot, Véronique Mayau, Nathalie Winter, Catherine Astarie-Dequeker, Ainhoa Arbues, Immunobiologie de l'Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall (BGPB), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], This study was supported by the 'Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions' of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013, REA grant agreement no. 317057, the French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV3-001), Institut Pasteur and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)., European Project: 317057,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,HOMIN(2013), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne, Génétique mycobactérienne, GUILHOT, Christophe, Host-microbe interactions in health and disease. Interface with the immune system - HOMIN - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2013-04-01 - 2017-03-31 - 317057 - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Demangel, Caroline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Complement receptor, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Mice, glycolipide, Cell Wall, Immunologie, mycobactérie, Immunology and Allergy, TLR4, TRIF, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cells, Cultured, Original Research, Mice, Knockout, biology, Chemistry, Microbiology and Parasitology, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Cell biology, Nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, Mycobacterium leprae, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, phenolic glycolipids, Signal transduction, Tyrosine kinase, réponse inflammatoire, Signal Transduction, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, macrophages, mycobacteria, Immunology, macrophage, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, Leprosy, CXCL10, Animals, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Antigens, Bacterial, Macrophages, Interferon-beta, Chemokine CXCL10, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Glycolipids, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract: Phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) are cell wall components of a subset of pathogenic mycobacteria, with immunomodulatory properties. Here we show that in addition, PGLs exert anti-bactericidal activity by limiting the production of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mycobacteria-infected macrophages. PGL-mediated downregulation of iNOS was complement receptor (CR)3-dependent, and comparably induced by bacterially-displayed and purified PGLs. Using Mycobacterium leprae PGL-1 as a model, we found that PGLs dampen the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling pathway, with macrophage exposure to PGLs leading to significant reduction in TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF) protein level. PGL-driven decrease in TRIF operated post-transcriptionally and independently of Src-family tyrosine kinases, lysosomal and proteasomal degradation. It resulted in the defective production of TRIF-dependent IFN-beta and CXCL10 in TLR4-stimulated macrophages, in addition to iNOS. Our results unravel a mechanism by which PGLs hijack both the bactericidal and inflammatory responses of host macrophages. Moreover, they identify TRIF as a critical node in the crosstalk between CR3 and TLR4.
Published: 2018
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13. Modular total syntheses of mycolactone A/B and its [ 2 H]- isotopologue

Author: Caroline Demangel, Nicolas Blanchard, Sarah Saint-Auret, Didier Le Nouen, Philippe Bisseret, Hajer Abdelkafi, Laure Guenin-Macé, Laboratoire de chimie moléculaire (LCM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie organique et bioorganique (COB), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The authors thank the Université de Strasbourg, Investissement d'Avenir (Idex Unistra), CNRS, Fondation 'Raoul Follereau', Fondation 'Pour Le Développement De La Chimie Des Substances Naturelles Et Ses Applications' and Roche for a generous gift of methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate., ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg(2010), Chimie organique et bioorganique (COB), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: Natural product, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Stereochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Total synthesis, Biological activity, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mycobacterium ulcerans, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, medicine, Epimer, Isotopologue, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Mycolactone, Exotoxin
Abstract: A modular total synthesis of mycolactone A/B, the exotoxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, has been achieved through the orchestration of several Pd-catalyzed key steps. While this route leads to a mixture of the natural product and its C12 epimer (4 : 1 ratio), this was inconsequential from the biological activity standpoint. Compared to the previously reported routes, this synthetic blueprint allows the late-stage modification of the toxin, as exemplified by the preparation of [22,22,22-2H3]-mycolactone A/B.
Published: 2017
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14. Zika virus induces massive cytoplasmic vacuolization and paraptosis‐like death in infected cells

Author: Pierre Génin, Nicoletta Casartelli, Laurent Meertens, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Olivier Schwartz, Laura Sinigaglia, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Alex A. Compton, Nicolas Roy, Caroline Demangel, Philippe Roingeard, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Timothée Bruel, Ali Amara, Sonia Amraoui, Françoise Porrot, Arnaud Moris, Blandine Monel, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Robert Weil, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique [CHRU de Tours] (UNIV Tours), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et Pathogénèse, Pathologie cellulaire : aspects moléculaires et viraux / Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique virale et vaccination, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AC was supported from postdoctoral fellowships from the Pasteur Foundation and ANRS. Work was supported by grants from the 'CHIKV-Viro-Immuno' ANR-14-CE14-0015-01 and 'TIMTAMDEN' ANR-14-CE14-0029 projects, the Labex IBEID program ANR-10-IHUB-0002, the Labex VRI program ANR-10-LABX-77 and Institut Pasteur., We thank members of the Virus & Immunity Unit for discussions. We thank Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau, Institut Louis Malardé (French Polynesia) and Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol (Institut Pasteur Nouvelle Calédonie) for the gift of reagents. We thank Stephane Petres (Institut Pasteur) for preparation of the 4G2 antibody and the Imagopole (Institut Pasteur) for help in image acquisition., ANR-14-CE14-0015,CHIKV-Viro-Immuno,Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya(2014), ANR-14-CE14-0029,TIMTAMDEN,Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)-Université de Tours
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Cell Death, MESH: Signal Transduction, Vacuole, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Paraptosis, IFITM, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Cells, Cultured, Cytopathic effect, ZIKA virus, General Neuroscience, RNA-Binding Proteins, Articles, 3. Good health, Cell biology, cell death, MESH: Epithelial Cells, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Membrane Proteins, MESH: SEC Translocation Channels, Signal Transduction, MESH: Cells, Cultured, Programmed cell death, MESH: Zika Virus, Biology, Virus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, cytopathic effect, MESH: Vacuoles, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, MESH: Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Endoplasmic reticulum, Membrane Proteins, Epithelial Cells, Fibroblasts, MESH: Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Virology, MESH: Astrocytes, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: RNA-Binding Proteins, Viral replication, Vacuolization, MESH: Fibroblasts, MESH: Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Astrocytes, Vacuoles, paraptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, SEC Translocation Channels, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The cytopathic effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) are poorly characterized. Innate immunity controls ZIKV infection and disease in most infected patients through mechanisms that remain to be understood. Here, we studied the morphological cellular changes induced by ZIKV and addressed the role of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM), a family of broad-spectrum antiviral factors, during viral replication. We report that ZIKV induces massive vacuolization followed by "implosive" cell death in human epithelial cells, primary skin fibroblasts and astrocytes, a phenomenon which is exacerbated when IFITM3 levels are low. It is reminiscent of paraptosis, a caspase-independent, non-apoptotic form of cell death associated with the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles. We further show that ZIKV-induced vacuoles are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dependent on the PI3K/Akt signaling axis. Inhibiting the Sec61 ER translocon in ZIKV-infected cells blocked vacuole formation and viral production. Our results provide mechanistic insight behind the ZIKV-induced cytopathic effect and indicate that IFITM3, by acting as a gatekeeper for incoming virus, restricts virus takeover of the ER and subsequent cell death.
Published: 2017
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15. Pathogenic and immunosuppressive properties of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids

Author: Reid Oldenburg, Caroline Demangel, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was supported by the 'Marie Skłodowska Curie Actions' of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013, REA grant agreement n°317057., European Project: 317057,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,HOMIN(2013), Kop, Marie-Luce, Host-microbe interactions in health and disease. Interface with the immune system - HOMIN - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2013-04-01 - 2017-03-31 - 317057 - VALID, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virulence, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biochemistry, Bacterial cell structure, Microbiology, Mycobacterium, Immunomodulation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Glycolipid, Polyketide synthase, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, biology, Host (biology), Phenolic glycolipids, Mycobacteria, General Medicine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Host cell invasion, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Glycolipids, Intracellular, Immunosuppressive Agents, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Phenolic glycolipids (PGL) are polyketide synthase products that are uniquely produced by a subset of pathogenic mycobacteria and are displayed at the bacterial cell surface, in a strategic position to interfere with host immune cells. Their expression has been associated with enhanced mycobacterial virulence in vivo, and suppression of the inflammatory responses of host phagocytes in vitro. In this review, we will present our current understanding of the mode of operation of PGL, along with functional evidence that demonstrates the evolutionary advantage conferred by PGL production for host cell invasion, intracellular persistence and evasion of host immune and bactericidal responses.
Published: 2017
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16. Mycolactone subverts immunity by selectively blocking the Sec61 translocon

Author: Fatoumata Niang, Caroline Demangel, Ville O. Paavilainen, Jack Taunton, Sarah Saint-Auret, J Morel, Francis Impens, Anja O. Paatero, Laure Guenin-Macé, Ludivine Baron, Sandra Pellegrini, Rabea Dillmann, Nicolas Blanchard, Institute of Biotechnology, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Helsinki, Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de chimie moléculaire (LCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Signalisation des Cytokines - Cytokine Signaling, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, This work was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM 2012 DEQ20120323704 to C. Demangel), the Association Raoul Follereau (C. Demangel), the Région Ile de France (dim130027 to C. Demangel), the Academy of Finland (289737 to V.O. Paavilainen), the Sigrid Juselius Foundation (V.O. Paavilainen), and Biocentrum Helsinki (V.O. Paavilainen). F. Impens received financial support from a Pasteur-Roux Fellowship., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Kop, Marie-Luce, Immunobiologie de l'Infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation des Cytokines, Paavilainen, Ville O., and Demangel, Caroline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, T-Lymphocytes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEMBRANES, Jurkat cells, Jurkat Cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, INFECTION, Immunology and Allergy, Mycolactone, Integral membrane protein, Research Articles, Receptors, Interferon, 3. Good health, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MYCOBACTERIUM-ULCERANS, Macrolides, Signal transduction, Signal Transduction, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, T cell, Immunology, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM, INHIBITION, Biology, PERIPHERAL-BLOOD, BURULI ULCER, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Adhesion, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell adhesion, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Brief Definitive Report, SEC61 Translocon, 030104 developmental biology, Secretory protein, chemistry, VIRULENCE, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION, COTRANSLATIONAL TRANSLOCATION, SEC Translocation Channels
Abstract: Baron et al. show that mycolactone, an immunosuppressive macrolide produced by the pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, operates by targeting the Sec61 translocon. This identifies the most potent Sec61 inhibitor reported to date and the potential of inhibiting Sec61 for immune modulation., Mycolactone, an immunosuppressive macrolide released by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, was previously shown to impair Sec61-dependent protein translocation, but the underlying molecular mechanism was not identified. In this study, we show that mycolactone directly targets the α subunit of the Sec61 translocon to block the production of secreted and integral membrane proteins with high potency. We identify a single–amino acid mutation conferring resistance to mycolactone, which localizes its interaction site near the lumenal plug of Sec61α. Quantitative proteomics reveals that during T cell activation, mycolactone-mediated Sec61 blockade affects a selective subset of secretory proteins including key signal-transmitting receptors and adhesion molecules. Expression of mutant Sec61α in mycolactone-treated T cells rescued their homing potential and effector functions. Furthermore, when expressed in macrophages, the mycolactone-resistant mutant restored IFN-γ receptor–mediated antimicrobial responses. Thus, our data provide definitive genetic evidence that Sec61 is the host receptor mediating the diverse immunomodulatory effects of mycolactone and identify Sec61 as a novel regulator of immune cell functions.
Published: 2016
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17. Functional analysis via standardized whole-blood stimulation systems defines the boundaries of a healthy immune response to complex stimuli

Author: Ivo Gomperts-Boneca, Ludovic Deriano, Spencer L. Shorte, Annick Dubois, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Claude Leclerc, Caroline Demangel, Ana Cumano, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Matthew L. Albert, Antonio A. Freitas, Antoine Toubert, Lars Rogge, Manfred Schmolz, Gérard Eberl, Vincent Rouilly, Valentina Libri, Alejandra Urrutia, James P. Di Santo, Eric Tartour, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Françoise Dromer, Hugo Mouquet, Olivier Schwartz, Benoit Beitz, Mikael David, Olivier Lantz, Stéphanie Thomas, Ivo G. Boneca, Philippe Bousso, Laurent Abel, Vassili Soumelis, Cécile Delval, Darragh Duffy, Benno Schwikowski, Frédéric Tangy, Serge Hercberg, Jost Enninga, Milena Hasan, Samuel S.T. LaBrie, Sandra Pellegrini, Aurélie Bisiaux, Stanislas Pol, Marc Daëron, Andrés Alcover, Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre d'Immunologie Humaine (CIH), Substances Lichéniques et Photoprotection, Université de Rennes (UR), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Myriad rules based medicine, Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture des Pays de la Loire, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall (BGPB), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Immunologie - Department of Immunology, Immunorégulation, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center, Rockefeller University [New York], St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes - Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Dynamiques des Réponses Immunes, Lymphopoïèse (Lymphopoïèse (UMR_1223 / U1223 / U-Pasteur_4)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Département de Génomes et Génétique - Department of Genomes and Genetics, Mycologie moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Microenvironnement et Immunité - Microenvironment and Immunity, Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène - Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de formation en masso-kinésithérapie (IFMK Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Réponse humorale aux pathogènes, Signalisation des Cytokines - Cytokine Signaling, Service d'hépatologie médicale [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre de recherche sur les liens sociaux (CERLIS - UMR 8070), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie systémique - Systems Biology, Imagopole (CITECH), Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie [Paris], Génomique virale et vaccination, Cytokines et Immunologie des Tumeurs Humaines (U753), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), This work benefited from support of the French government’s Invest in the Future Program, managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, reference 10-LABX-69-01). We also acknowledge A. Pugsley for his support in obtaining funding and the logistical aspects of initiating the project, Milieu Intérieur Consortium (32 collaborateurs) : Abel L, Alcover A, Bousso P, Cumano A, Daëron M, Delval C, Demangel C, Deriano L, Di Santo J, Dromer F, Eberl G, Enninga J, Freitas A, Gomperts-Boneca I, Hercberg S, Lantz O, Leclerc C, Mouquet H, Pellegrini S, Pol S, Rogge L, Sakuntabhai A, Schwartz O, Schwikowski B, Shorte S, Soumelis V, Tangy F, Tartour E, Toubert A, Ungeheuer MN, Quintana-Murci L, Albert ML., ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle ( CRT ), Centre d'Immunologie Humaine ( CIH ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses ( CIMI ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne, Laboratoire de géographie physique ( LGP ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), rockefeller university, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Lymphopoïèse, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy ( CIML ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Immunobiologie de l'Infection, Département de Génomes et Génétique, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Microenvironnement et Immunité, Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle ( CRESS - U1153 ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité ( CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut de formation en masso-kinésithérapie ( IFMK Brest ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), Signalisation des Cytokines, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses, CERLIS - Centre de recherche sur les liens sociaux - UMR 8070 ( CERLIS - UMR 8070 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Biologie systémique, Imagopole ( CITECH ), Institut Curie, Institut Curie-Institut Curie, Cytokines et Immunologie des Tumeurs Humaines ( U753 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources ( ICAReB ), ANR : 10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE ( 2010 ), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle (CRT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), and ANR: 10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010)
Subjects: Chemokine, MESH : Cytokines, MESH : Antigens, Disease, MESH : Monitoring, Immunologic, Adaptive Immunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunophenotyping, Reference Values, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Monitoring, Immunologic, MESH: Healthy Volunteers, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Cytokines, biology, MESH: Reference Values, MESH : Immunity, Innate, Healthy Volunteers, 3. Good health, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Infectious Diseases, Cytokines, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Antigens, MESH: Immunity, Innate, Inflammation Mediators, Functional analysis (psychology), Whole blood stimulation, MESH : Adaptive Immunity, Immunology, MESH: Inflammation Mediators, MESH : Reference Values, MESH : Inflammation Mediators, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Immunity, Monitoring, Immunologic, Humans, Antigens, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Healthy Volunteers, MESH: Humans, MESH : Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Immunity, Innate, Reference values, biology.protein, MESH: Adaptive Immunity, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Standardization of immunophenotyping procedures has become a high priority. We have developed a suite of whole-blood, syringe-based assay systems that can be used to reproducibly assess induced innate or adaptive immune responses. By eliminating preanalytical errors associated with immune monitoring, we have defined the protein signatures induced by (1) medically relevant bacteria, fungi, and viruses; (2) agonists specific for defined host sensors; (3) clinically employed cytokines; and (4) activators of T cell immunity. Our results provide an initial assessment of healthy donor reference values for induced cytokines and chemokines and we report the failure to release interleukin-1α as a common immunological phenotype. The observed naturally occurring variation of the immune response may help to explain differential susceptibility to disease or response to therapeutic intervention. The implementation of a general solution for assessment of functional immune responses will help support harmonization of clinical studies and data sharing.
Published: 2014
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18. Mycolactone activation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins underpins Buruli ulcer formation

Author: Romain Veyron-Churlet, Philippe Bousso, Maria-Isabel Thoulouze, Chiara Zurzolo, Marie-France Carlier, Serge Mostowy, Laure Guenin-Macé, Marie-Thérèse Ruf, Hui Hong, Peter F. Leadlay, Anne Danckaert, Fabrice Chrétien, Caroline Demangel, Guillaume Romet-Lemonne, Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes (BIOCELLY), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cambridge Systems Biology Centre & Department of Biochemistry (CSBC), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Biochemistry, Imagopole (CITECH), Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Basel (Unibas), Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Trafic membranaire et Pathogénèse, Dynamiques des Réponses Immunes, Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Financial support from the 'Association Raoul Follereau,' the ANR (project PCV 2006-2010), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7, nos. 241500 and 241548), an ERC advanced grant (no. 229982 Forcefulactin), the 'Ligue contre le Cancer,' and the 'Region Ile de France,' which awarded R. Veyron-Churlet the postdoctoral fellowship 'DIM Maladies Infectieuses, Parasitaires, et Nosocomiales Emergentes.', Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunobiologie de l'Infection, Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UVSQ - UFR des sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, and AP-HP, Hôpital R. Poincarré, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Garches
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Buruli ulcer, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal, MESH: Mycobacterium ulcerans, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Propanolamines, Pathogenesis, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Movement, MESH: Buruli Ulcer, MESH: Animals, Mycolactone, Buruli Ulcer, MESH: Cell Movement, MESH: Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Protein Multimerization, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, General Medicine, MESH: Keratinocytes, Cell biology, Actin Cytoskeleton, Protein Transport, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Macrolides, MESH: Macrolides, Research Article, MESH: Cell Nucleus, MESH: Protein Transport, Bacterial Toxins, Molecular Sequence Data, Carbazoles, macromolecular substances, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: Actins, Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex, MESH: Cell Adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cell Adhesion, medicine, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell adhesion, MESH: Mice, MESH: Propanolamines, Actin, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Nucleus, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Actin cytoskeleton, Actins, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex, chemistry, MESH: Bacterial Toxins, MESH: Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Immunology, MESH: HeLa Cells, Epidermis, Protein Multimerization, MESH: Epidermis, MESH: Actin Cytoskeleton, MESH: Carbazoles, HeLa Cells
Abstract: Mycolactone is a diffusible lipid secreted by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, which induces the formation of open skin lesions referred to as Buruli ulcers. Here, we show that mycolactone operates by hijacking the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family of actin-nucleating factors. By disrupting WASP autoinhibition, mycolactone leads to uncontrolled activation of ARP2/3-mediated assembly of actin in the cytoplasm. In epithelial cells, mycolactone-induced stimulation of ARP2/3 concentrated in the perinuclear region, resulting in defective cell adhesion and directional migration. In vivo injection of mycolactone into mouse ears consistently altered the junctional organization and stratification of keratinocytes, leading to epidermal thinning, followed by rupture. This degradation process was efficiently suppressed by coadministration of the N-WASP inhibitor wiskostatin. These results elucidate the molecular basis of mycolactone activity and provide a mechanism for Buruli ulcer pathogenesis. Our findings should allow for the rationale design of competitive inhibitors of mycolactone binding to N-WASP, with anti-Buruli ulcer therapeutic potential.
Published: 2013
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18 results on '"Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection"'

1. Biochemical and Biological Assays of Mycolactone-Mediated Inhibition of Sec61

2. Insights into the ancestry evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from analysis of Mycobacterium riyadhense

3. The impact of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors and adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the endocannabinoid system

4. Not too fat to fight -The emerging role of macrophage fatty acid metabolism in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

5. Antigen-Specific In Vivo Killing Assay

6. Mycolactone Purification from M. ulcerans Cultures and HPLC-Based Approaches for Mycolactone Quantification in Biological Samples

7. Spatiotemporal analysis of mycolactone distribution in vivo reveals partial diffusion in the central nervous system

8. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

9. Effect of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors in mice is mediated by the endocannabinoid system

10. Recombinant Antibodies against Mycolactone

11. Mycolactone: More than Just a Cytotoxin

12. Mycobacterial Phenolic Glycolipids Selectively Disable TRIF-Dependent TLR4 Signaling in Macrophages

13. Modular total syntheses of mycolactone A/B and its [ 2 H]- isotopologue

14. Zika virus induces massive cytoplasmic vacuolization and paraptosis‐like death in infected cells

15. Pathogenic and immunosuppressive properties of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids

16. Mycolactone subverts immunity by selectively blocking the Sec61 translocon

17. Functional analysis via standardized whole-blood stimulation systems defines the boundaries of a healthy immune response to complex stimuli

18. Mycolactone activation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins underpins Buruli ulcer formation

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18 results on '"Immunobiologie de l'Infection - Immunobiology of Infection"'

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