Search

Length frequency data of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål) were collected and measured from the fisherman catches using beach seines and handlines, at random, during 2012 from the Karachi coast of Pakistan. In this study, 1846 fish individuals (male and female combined) were collected ranging from 10 to 24 cm with dominant individuals ranged 12 to 16 cm (total length). Weight ranging was measured from 9 to 110 g. The above length-frequency data were analysed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters. The power coefficient b of length-weight, the relationship was estimated at 2.9177. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth, function parameters of 25.20 cm (L∞) and 1.00 year-1 (K) were calculated by ELEFAN method equipped on FiSAT computer package. With length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality rate (Z) and its 95% confidence interval were 2.42 (2.174-2.669) year-1. The natural mortality rate (M) was 1.84 year-1 calculated with Pauly’s equation (the annual average seawater temperature was 27°C). Therefore, the fishing mortality rate was Z-M= 0.5787year-1. The exploitation ratio (E) estimated as F/Z=0.239 which is less than biological reference point (0.5), therefore it indicates that the stock of S. sihama was exploited at managed.

Length frequency data of Rainbow Sardines, Dussumieria acuta were collected and measured from the coast of Pakistan during 2015, ranging from 5 to 19 cm (total length). Weight ranges were measured from 2 to 64 g. The length frequency data were analysed for the estimation of population dynamics, so b was estimated at 2.70. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters of 19.95 cm (L∞) and 0.730 year-1 (K). The mortality rate Z= 1.84 year-1, M= 1.59 year-1 F= 0.25 year-1 and E= F/Z= 0.135. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax was 1 year-1. Currently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.25 year-1. Therefore, Fcurrent was smaller than Fmax. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery (Fopt) was estimated as 1.59 year1, which is also higher than current fish mortality. Therefore, the present study shows that the Dussumieria acuta fishery is safe in Pakistan.

Targeting CDK4/6 has been identified as an effective therapeutics for treatment of cancer. We herein reported the discovery of a series of 6-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridin-2-amine derivatives as CDK4/6 inhibitors against cancer. Compound 3c, which displayed high potency and selectivity on CDK4/6 (IC50 = 0.710/1.10 nM) over a variety of other kinases, possessed desirable antiproliferative activities, excellent metabolic properties, and favorable pharmacokinetic characters. In MCF-7, Colo-205, and A549 xenograft models, compound 3c exhibited significant tumor growth inhibitions with low toxicities, which could be a promising drug candidate for further development.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Byur dMar Nyer lNga Ril Bu (BdNlRB) is a classic Tibetan medicine prescription for treating " white vein disease". Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by distinct "white vein disease". In the absence of effective drugs for AD, BdNlRB may be a possible treatment for AD. Aim of the study To verify the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of the proved Tibetan medicine BdNlRB on Alzheimer's disease. Materials and methods 60 APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice (Mt) and 60 As1-40 protein-induced AD mice (Mi) were divided into 3 groups according to the dose of BdNlRB: BdNlRB-100, BdNlRB-200 and BdNlRB-400, with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg*weight, respectively. The mice were administrated by gavage for 8 weeks. The cognitive ability of mice was detected by Morris Water Maze, the expression of As protein, p-tau and microglia was detected by immunofluorescent staining, the protein expression in the hippocampus was detected by proteomics, and the abundance of fecal intestinal flora was detected by 16S RNA. Results The learning ability and memory ability of Mi mice were significantly improved after BdNlRB administration. The learning ability of Mt mice was significantly improved, while the memory ability was not improved after BdNlRB administration. After the treatment with low and medium doses of BdNlRB, the expression of p-tau decreased significantly (the rate of decrease in BdNlRB-100 and BdNlRB-200 groups was 8.05% and 12.7%, respectively), and the number of microglia increased (39.3% and 31.6%, respectively). BdNlRB significantly affected the protein expression in the hippocampus of Mt mice. 382 proteins in different expression in all three groups mainly involved in amino acid synthesis, fatty acid degradation, glutamine metabolism, synaptic vesicular cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, PPAR signaling pathway and Fc gamma-mediated phagocytosis were activated. Meanwhile, the administration of BdNlRB can regulate the intestinal flora of Mt mice, which reduces the abundance of Muribaculum and uncultured bacteroidales bacterium, and improves the abundance of Ruminococcus-1 and Ruminiclostridium-9. Conclusion The oral administration of BdNlRB significantly improved the cognitive ability of AD mice, and neuroinflammation and intestinal flora regulation were the possible mechanisms.