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1. Answer to May 2019 Photo Quiz

Author

J.-P. Talarmin, P. Siohan, Pascal Hutin, Patrice Plantin, Hélène Yera, G. Jouvion, and F. Chrétien

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Disseminated Acanthamoeba infection, 030106 microbiology, Photo Quiz, biology.organism_classification, Staining, Acanthamoeba, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Biopsy, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Palate lesion
Abstract

Answer: Disseminated Acanthamoeba infection . The biopsy of the palate lesion revealed ulcerated and necrotic tissues with the presence of protozoan parasites around blood vessels on H&E staining (see Fig. 1E and F in the photo quiz). Amoebic trophozoites were identified based on the presence of

Published
2019
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2. Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in a Captive Black and White Ruffed Lemur (Varecia variegata variegata) Caused by Acanthamoeba T4 Genotype

Author

M. Souchon, N. Gaide, Arnaud Risler, Jérôme Abadie, Michel Pélandakis, Cynthia Robveille, G. Jouvion, O. Albaric, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), LUNAM Université [Nantes Angers Le Mans], Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Histopathologie Animale, Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lemur, Acanthamoeba, Varecia variegata, Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, Naegleria, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Microbiology, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Lemuridae, Necrosis, Meningoencephalitis, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Ruffed lemur, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, General Veterinary, biology, 030306 microbiology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Amebiasis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

A mature male, black and white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata variegata) died in a zoological garden after a 4-day history of lethargy and non-responsive convulsions. Necropsy and histopathological examinations revealed acute necrotizing and haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis with intralesional amoebas confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Acanthamoeba T4 genotype was identified as the causative agent of the brain lesion, based on amplification and sequencing of 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The presence of free-living amoebas in water and mud from the lemur's environment was investigated by morphological and molecular analyses. The two predominant genera, representing 80% of isolated amoebas, were Naegleria spp. and Acanthamoeba spp. All Acanthamoeba isolates belonged to the T4 genotype. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of a meningoencephalitis due to Acanthamoeba T4 genotype in Lemuridae with concurrent analysis of pathological tissues and environment.

Published
2015
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3. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in the HIV population in Europe in the HAART era:Case report and literature review

Author

G Jouvion, Josep M. Llibre, Jørgen A. L. Kurtzhals, R Martin-Iguacel, and Susanne Dam Nielsen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Histoplasma, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Histoplasmosis, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, medicine, Humans, education, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, virus diseases, HIV, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, Virology, Histoplasma capsulatum, AIDS, Europe, Infectious Diseases, business
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In highly endemic areas, up to 20 % of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons will develop progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH). Europe is not endemic to histoplasmosis, and the disease is mainly found in immigrants often co-infected with HIV.METHODS: We present a case of a patient with HIV and PDH highlighting the possible diagnostic difficulties that may arise in a non-endemic area and review the literature of histoplasmosis in the context of HIV infection with special focus on Europe.DISCUSSION: When cellular immunity wanes (usually at CD4 T-lymphocyte counts CONCLUSION: European infectious diseases physicians, microbiologists and pathologists must be aware of histoplasmosis, particularly when facing HIV-infected immigrants from endemic areas. This is increasingly important due to migration and travel activities from these areas.

Published
2014
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4. Microcystic meningioma in a dolphin (Delphinus delphis): Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Author

M. Wyers, G. Jouvion, Marie-Anne Colle, J. Miclard, O. Van Canneyt, B. Wyrzykowski, K. Mokhtari, Développement et Pathologie du Tissu Musculaire (DPTM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Common dolphin, 040301 veterinary sciences, Dolphins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DOLPHIN, Vimentin, TUMOUR, Delphinus delphis, Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 0403 veterinary science, Meningioma, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytokeratin, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Cerebellar hemisphere, medicine, Meningeal Neoplasms, Animals, 14. Life underwater, BRAIN, CETACEAN, General Veterinary, MENINGIOMA, Microcystic Meningioma, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Cerebellopontine angle, biology.organism_classification, Immunohistochemistry, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, biology.protein, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; A wild common dolphin was found stranded on the French Atlantic coast. At necropsy, an intracranial grey- to tan-coloured mass (7 × 5 × 4 cm) was found at the right cerebellopontine angle, compressing the right cerebellar hemisphere, the brainstem and the occipital lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of small lobules of polygonal to elongated neoplastic cells with multifocal areas of stellate and vacuolated cells. Neoplastic cells strongly expressed vimentin, S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase. They were rarely positive for cytokeratin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells displayed all the diagnostic features of meningiomas and in some areas showed long cytoplasmic processes delimiting extracellular spaces. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features were consistent with the histopathological diagnosis of a microcystic meningioma. This is the first report of a meningioma in dolphins or in any other cetacean species.

Published
2006
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5. Lymphocytic insulitis in a juvenile dog with diabetes mellitus

Author

J. Abadie, Françoise A. Roux, Lydie Guigand, M. Wyers, J. Miclard, Pierre Saï, J. M. Bach, Jack-Yves Deschamps, and G. Jouvion

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Endocrinology, Atrophy, Dogs, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Insulin-Secreting Cells, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Animals, Autoimmune disease, Inflammation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, General Medicine, Islet, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hyperglycemia, Beta cell, Pancreas, Infiltration (medical), Insulitis
Abstract

Autoimmune diabetes has never been described in a juvenile dog, whereas serological evidence has established its development in adult dogs. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in a 3-mo-old Donge de Bordeaux dog suffering from persistent hyperglycemia and concurrent insulinopenia. Histological analysis of the pancreas revealed inflammatory lesions in 40% of the islets of Langerhans, with infiltration predominantly by T lymphocytes (more than 90%), either at the edge (peri-insulitis: 10%) or in the islets (insulitis: 30%). The remaining 60% of the islets showed a marked atrophy due to massive beta cell loss with no loss of alpha cells. This pattern is quite similar to that observed in humans in which a characteristic insulitis containing high numbers of T lymphocytes is found in 20% of the islets at diabetes diagnosis. By contrast, in rodent models, nearly 70% of the islets of Langerhans show inflammation at diagnosis and macrophages and dendritic cells predominate in the inflammatory lesions. This is the first report of lymphocytic insulitis in a juvenile dog exhibiting diabetes mellitus. Our observations suggest an autoimmune origin for the disease in this dog that is similar to human type 1 diabetes mellitus, for which there is no accurate spontaneous large animal model.

Published
1999

6. A Listeria monocytogenes Bacteriocin Can Target the Commensal Prevotella copri and Modulate Intestinal Infection

Author

Hannah Fehlner-Peach, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Massimo Marzorati, Marie-Anne Nahori, Benoit Chassaing, Alexandra Moura, Marion Bérard, Olivier Dussurget, Dan R. Littman, Nathalie Rolhion, Tom Van de Wiele, Pascale Cossart, Marc Lecuit, Jana De Bodt, DIAKITE, andrée, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, ERA-NET Infect-ERA - Subversive pro- and anti-inflammation trade-offs promote infection by Listeria monocytogenes - - PROANTILIS2013 - ANR-13-IFEC-0004 - IFEC - VALID, Bacterial, cellular and epigenetic factors that control enteropathogenicity - BacCellEpi - - H20202015-10-01 - 2018-09-30 - 670823 - VALID, Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Animalerie centrale (Plate-forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), This work was supported by grants to P.C.: ERC Advanced Grant BacCellEpi (670823), ANR (Investissement d’Avenir Programme 10-LABX-62-IBEID), ERANET Infect-ERA PROANTILIS (13-IFEC-0004-02), and the Fondation le Roch., We thank the CDTA (Orléans) and the Institut Pasteur Animalerie Centrale staff, especially K. Sébastien, T. Angélique, M.G. Lopez Dieguez, M. Jacob, and E. Maranghi. We thank G. Jouvion and M. Tichit for technical help and the Centre Ressources Biologiques de l’Institut Pasteur for providing strains. We thank L. Maranghi, J. Blondou, and A. Lavelle for technical support and C. Bécavin, A. Hryckowian, B. Martinez, G. Eberl, G. Hansson, and H. Sokol for helpful discussion. N.R. was supported by an EMBO short-term fellowship (ASTF 399-2015), B.C. by a Career Development Award from the CCFA, an Innovator Award from the Kenneth Rainin Foundation, and a Seed Grant from the GSU’s Brain & Behavior program, H.F.-P. by an NYU-HCC CTSI grant (1TL1TR001447), and D.R.L. by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Colton Center for Autoimmunity., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-13-IFEC-0004,PROANTILIS,Subversive pro- and anti-inflammation trade-offs promote infection by Listeria monocytogenes(2013), European Project: 670823,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BacCellEpi(2015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine [Paris], Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-Rockefeller University [New York], ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-New York University School of Medicine, and NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)

Subjects
MUCUS, IMPACT, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, M-SHIME, COLONIZATION, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MICROBIOTA, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MUCOSAL, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Lmo2776, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, GROWTH, Prevotella copri, Bacteriocin, Virulence, Biology, Listeria infection, Microbiology, MATURATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Listeria monocytogenes, MUCINS, Virology, medicine, microbiota, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, Mucin, Biology and Life Sciences, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Mucus, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, infection, Listeria, VIRULENCE, Parasitology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, RESISTANCE, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Bacteria, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Comment in The Strange Case of Prevotella copri: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? [Cell Host Microbe. 2019]; International audience; Understanding the role of the microbiota components in either preventing or favoring enteric infections is critical. Here, we report the discovery of a Listeria bacteriocin, Lmo2776, which limits Listeria intestinal colonization. Oral infection of conventional mice with a Δlmo2776 mutant leads to a thinner intestinal mucus layer and higher Listeria loads both in the intestinal content and deeper tissues compared to WT Listeria. This latter difference is microbiota dependent, as it is not observed in germ-free mice. Strikingly, it is phenocopied by pre-colonization of germ-free mice before Listeria infection with Prevotella copri, an abundant gut-commensal bacteria, but not with the other commensals tested. We further show that Lmo2776 targets P. copri and reduces its abundance. Together, these data unveil a role for P.copri in exacerbating intestinal infection, highlighting that pathogens such as Listeria may selectively deplete microbiota bacterial species to avoid excessive inflammation.

Published
2019
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7. Characterization of a Serine/Threonine Kinase Involved in Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Tarek Msadek, Michel Débarbouillé, Elisabeth Vaganay, Olivier Dussurget, Grégory Jouvion, Bertrand Duclos, Shaynoor Dramsi, Alain J. Cozzone, Marie-Anne Nahori, Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Work in the group of T. Msadek was supported by research funds from the European Commission (grants from BACELL Health [LSHG-CT-2004-503468], StaphDynamics [LHSM-CT-2006-019064], and BaSysBio [LSHG-CT-2006-037469]), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS URA 2172), and the Institut Pasteur (GPH no. 9), and work in the group of A. Cozzone was supported by the association Vaincre La Mucoviscidose. G. Jouvion was supported by a Roux Fellowship (Institut Pasteur)., We thank Claire Poyart for help in performing antibiograms, Stéphanie Guadagnini for electron micrographs, Pascale Cossart, in whose laboratory part of this work was carried out, Patrick Trieu-Cuot for helpful discussion, and Sarah Dubrac for critical reading of the manuscript., European Project: 26873,BACELL HEALTH, European Project: 35105,STAPHDYNAMICS, European Project: 38901,BASYSBIO, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], MSADEK, TAREK, Bacterial stress management relevant to infectious disease and biopharmaceuticals - BACELL HEALTH - 26873 - OLD, Functional genomic characterisation of molecular determinants for staphylococcal fitness, virulence and drug resistance - STAPHDYNAMICS - 35105 - OLD, and Towards an understanding of dynamic transcriptional regulation at global scale in bacteria: a systems biology approach - BASYSBIO - 38901 - OLD

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, MESH: Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Serine, Mice, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Fosfomycin, MESH: Staphylococcus aureus, MESH: Animals, Threonine, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Genetic Complementation Test, Virulence, MESH: Immunoblotting, Staphylococcal Infections, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcus aureus, Phosphorylation, Female, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, MESH: Operon, MESH: Mutation, Octoxynol, Phosphatase, Immunoblotting, MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, MESH: Manganese, Biology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Microbiology, MESH: Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Fosfomycin, Operon, MESH: Octoxynol, medicine, Animals, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Biology, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, Molecular Biology of Pathogens, Manganese, 030306 microbiology, Cell Membrane, Genetic Complementation Test, Molecular biology, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Mutation, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, MESH: Female, MESH: Cell Membrane
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human cutaneous and nasal commensal and a major life-threatening pathogen. Adaptation to the different environments encountered inside and outside the host is a crucial requirement for survival and colonization. We identified and characterized a eukaryotic-like serine/threonine kinase with three predicted extracellular PASTA domains (SA1063, or Stk1) and its associated phosphatase (SA1062, or Stp1) in S. aureus . Biochemical analyses revealed that Stk1 displays autokinase activity on threonine and serine residues and is localized to the membrane. Stp1 is a cytoplasmic protein with manganese-dependent phosphatase activity toward phosphorylated Stk1. In-frame deletions of the stk1 and stp1 genes were constructed in S. aureus strain 8325-4. Phenotypic analyses of the mutants revealed reduced growth of the stk1 mutant in RPMI 1640 defined medium that was restored when adenine was added to the medium. Furthermore, the stk1 mutant displayed increased resistance to Triton X-100 and to fosfomycin, suggesting modifications in cell wall metabolism. The stk1 mutant was tested for virulence in a mouse pyelonephritis model and found to be strongly reduced for survival in the kidneys (approximately 2-log-unit decrease) compared to the parental strain. Renal histopathological analyses showed severe inflammatory lesions in mice infected with the parental S. aureus SH1000 strain, whereas the Δ stk1 mutant led to only minimal renal lesions. These results confirm the important role of Stk1 for full expression of S. aureus pathogenesis and suggest that phosphorylation levels controlled by stk1 are essential in controlling bacterial survival within the host.

Published
2009
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