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Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae), popularly known as “Erva Baleeira,” has been widely studied with respect to its chemical and pharmacological properties, and its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-ulcerogenic activities have been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to determine the essential oil content with regard to time of collection of leaves and to evaluate the antibacterial activity and antibiotic-modifying activity of the oil, sabinene and sabinene hydrate against multidrug-resistant strains. GC/MS analysis showed that in samples of the essential oil obtained at different times over one year, there was qualitative and quantitative variation in chemical composition, with statistical significance (p more...

Introduccion: Melissa Officinalis L., de la familia Lamiaceae, es una hierba utilizada en la medicina popular. Es conocido en Brasil como erva cidreira, melisa, y meliteia cidrilha. Teniendo en cuenta que M. Officinalis L. se utiliza ampliamente en la medicina popular, entre ellos para uso antibacteriano, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antibacteriana y modulador de extracto de metanol y hexano rodar el tallo de M. officinalis L. frente a las cepas de bacterias normas y las bacterias multirresistentes. Materiales y metodos: se analizo el extracto de metanol y hexano del tallo rodadura M. Officinalis L. para la actividad antibacteriana por una prueba de microdilucion para la determinacion de la Concentracion Minima Inhibitoria (mic) y la modulacion de aminoglucosidos (gentamicina y amikacina). Resultados: en la evaluacion de la mic los resultados obtenidos fueron ≥1024μg/ml con contra las bacterias (Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus) en ambos extractos. El extracto de metanol mostro resultados significativos en combinacion con efecto potenciador gentamicina contra E. coli y s. Aureus cuando se combina con amikacina, esta bacteria era antagonismo. Ya extracto de hexano dio lugar a una reduccion de la mic de amikacina y gentamicina contra cepas de E. coli, que muestra el efecto antagonico con cepas de la cuenta de amikacina de S. Aureus. Conclusion: se concluye que el material vegetal influye en el comportamiento de los antimicrobianos, lo que hace este trabajo importante como parametro para futuros estudios que puedan combatir la creciente resistencia de las bacterias. more...

Croton campestris A., popularly known as “Velame do campo” (Euphorbiaceae), is a shrub originating from Brazil, mainly present in the Southeast and Northeast regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract (EECC), hexane (HFEECC) and dichloromethane fractions (DFEECC), obtained from the ethanol extract of Croton campestris A. leaves. Antibacterial and modulating activity (on bacterial resistance) was determined by micro dilution method to identify the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). In the antibacterial activity tests the fractions showed a MIC of ≥ 1024 µg/mL (where ≤ 128 µg/mL for MIC is considered clinically relevant). In regards to modulation of bacterial resistance, all products showed synergism when combined with antibiotic against bacterial strains. It was observed that all products potentiated the antibiotic action of all antibiotics assayed against all bacterial strains. The results indicate that the extracts and fractions obtained fr... more...

Species of the genus Cordia, Boraginaceae, are widely studied with regard to the various ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological aspects. They are found principally in tropical and subtropical regions of the American, Asian and African continents, where they occur in various countries. In the genus Cordia, there are many species cultivated for ornamental plants, wood and medicinal applications, where they are extensively utilized by traditional communities. In the last decades, scientific studies of Cordia species have intensified, demonstrating the great interest in phytochemical, biological and pharmacological studies. In this review, we describe the principal botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological information and evaluation of the bioactive and pharmacological properties of Cordia, its phytochemical constituents and the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified. The information reported in this work contributes scientifically to recognizing the importance of the genus Cordia as a target in the search for new biotechnological investments. Keywords: Bioactivity, Cordia, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical, Flavonoids, Terpenes more...

Introduction “Erva-baleeira,” Cordia verbenacea DC. (Boraginaceae), is one of the species of plants currently exploited for the purpose of producing a phytotherapeutic product, which is extracted from the leaves. Methods Extracts of C. verbenacea were prepared from fresh leaves, and chloroform fractions were obtained from the different extracts for evaluation. Phytochemical screening was performed and the phytochemicals were quantified by HPLC-DAD. The microdilution assay was used to determine antibiotic and aminoglycoside-modifying activities (2.4–2500 μg/mL), and the results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test. Results Phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis of the fractions were in agreement with the literature, which describes the presence of several tannins and flavonoids in C. verbenacea leaves. The fractions showed moderate antibacterial activity when considering clinical relevance with a MIC of 128 μg/mL against a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus and 512 μg/mL against a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, when they were combined with antibiotics, synergism was observed, significantly lowering the MIC of the antibiotics by 12.5 (P Conclusions Our results indicated that the fractions of C. verbenacea, when combined with an antibiotic, demonstrated significant synergistic activity. Due the extensive use and sale of products derived from C. verbenacea may exert pressure on the populations of this species. The development of management plans for rational and sustainable use of the species and more studies with emphasis on the use of such fractions in the treatment of other diseases are necessary. more...

Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanol (MFEECC) and ethyl acetate (AFEECC) fractions, obtained from the ethanol extract of Croton campestris A. leaves. Methods Antibacterial and modulating activity (on bacterial resistance) was determined by micro dilution method to identify the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), performed in triplicate and statistical significance tested by ANOVA (two-way) with Bonferroni post hoc test ( p Results In the antibacterial activity tests the fractions showed a MIC of ≥1024 μg/mL. In regards to modulation of bacterial resistance, MFEECC showed synergism when combined with antibiotic against bacterial strains. In the modulation tests, AFEECC potentiated the effects of amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but had an antagonistic effect against Escherichia coli . AFEECC combined with gentamicin displayed antagonism against S. aureus and E. coli and an antagonistic effect against P. aeruginosa. When AFEECC was combined with Neomycin it resulted in antagonism against P. aeruginosa but did not affect S. aureus and E. coli . Conclusions The results indicate that the extracts and fractions obtained from C. campestris leaves could represent an alternative source of natural products capable of modifying and interfering with bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides. more...