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2. A high frequency of XO offspring from XPafY* male mice: evidence that the Paf mutation involves an inversion spanning the X PAR boundary

Author

E.P. Evans and Paul S. Burgoyne

Subjects
Genetics, Offspring, Ratón, Aneuploidy, Inversion (evolutionary biology), Biology, medicine.disease, Y chromosome, Molecular biology, Meiosis, Mutation (genetic algorithm), medicine, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), X chromosome
Abstract

It has previously been reported that 19% of the daughters of males carrying the X-linked mutation patchy fur (Paf) are XO with a maternally derived X chromosome. We now report that hemizygous Paf males that also carry the variant Y chromosome Y*, show a much increased XO production (∼40% of daughters). We hypothesize that the Paf mutation is associated with an inversion spanning the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) boundary, and that this leads to preferential crossing over between the resulting inverted region of PAR and an equivalent inverted PAR region within the compound Y* PAR. This would lead to the production of dicentric X and acentric Y products and consequent sex chromosome loss. This interpretation is supported by analysis of the sex chromosome complements at the second meiotic metaphase, which revealed a high incidence of dicentrics. Another curious feature of the Paf mutation is that mice that are homozygous Paf have more hair than mice that are hemizygous Paf. This can be explained if the Paf mutation is a hypomorphic mutation that escapes X inactivation because, unlike the wild type allele, it is now located within the PAR.

Published
2000

3. An analysis of meiotic impairment and of sex chromosome associations throughout meiosis in XYY mice

Author

Paul S. Burgoyne, S.K. Mahadevaiah, and E.P. Evans

Subjects
Male, X Chromosome, Trisomy, Biology, Y chromosome, Chromosomal crossover, Mice, Meiosis, Spermatocytes, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Y Chromosome, Genetics, Animals, Crossing Over, Genetic, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Ploidies, Mosaicism, Chromosome, Sex reversal, Chiasma, Microscopy, Electron, Sequence homology, Chromosome Deletion
Abstract

The existing XYY meiotic data for mice present a very heterogeneous picture with respect to the relative frequencies of different sex chromosome associations, both at pachytene and diakinesis/metaphase I. Furthermore, where both pachytene and diakinesis/MI data are available for the same males, the frequencies of the different configurations at the two stages are very different. In the present paper we utilise “XYY” and “XY/XYY” mosaic mice with cytologically distinguishable Y chromosomes to investigate the factors responsible for this heterogeneity between different males and between the two meiotic stages. It is concluded (1) that the initial pattern of synapsis is driven by the relatedness of the three pseudoautosomal regions (PARs); (2) that the order and extent of PAR synapsis within radial trivalents are also affected by PAR relatedness and that this leads to chiasmata being preferentially formed between closely related PARs; (3) that trivalents with a single chiasma resolve into a bivalent + univalent by the diakinesis stage; (4) that although many spermatocytes with asynapsed sex chromosomes are eliminated between pachytene and diakinesis, those that survive this phase of elimination progress to the first meiotic metaphase (MI) and accumulate in large numbers, leading to an over-representation of those with univalents as compared to radial trivalents; and (5) that the arrested MI cells are eventually eliminated, so that very few “XYY” cells contribute products to MII.

Published
2000

4. Title Page / Table of Contents / Abstracts

Author

A. Kumamoto, Rosalyn Slater, A. Geurts van Kessel, J.W. Wessels, B.M. Cattanach, E.J. Dreef, R.E. Kibbelaar, G. Otulakowski, Charles E. Schwartz, S. Parikh, G.J. den Ottolander, J. George, I. Hansmann, U. Francke, G.M. Greig, H. Nakai, M.G. Byers, F. Yang, S. Boularand, Roger E. Stevenson, N.S.-F. Ma, J. Hayakawa, L.-C. Tsui, D.W. Threadgill, S. Kubota, D.H. Ledbetter, J. Spencer, I.A. Noordermeer, D.B. Farber, T.B. Nesterova, J.E. Womack, C.A. Kozak, L. Shi, C. Collet, M.C. Phelan, M. Vercruyssen, W.E. Fibbe, J. Mallet, H.F. Willard, E.P. Evans, C. Hanson, R.G. Taylor, N.B. Rubtsov, L.T. Williams, Andries Westerveld, R.G. Lafreniere, S. Navankasattusas, C. Szpirer, C.-L. Hsieh, C. Rasberry, E. Solomon, M.A. Abruzzo, M. Rivière, D.S. Gerhard, J.A. Escobedo, S.I. Radjabli, S.W. Scherer, D. Sheer, I.V. Nikitina, R.H. Brakenhoff, J.A. Miller, T.A. Jones, K.I. Kivirikko, T.J.M. Hulsebos, R.R. Mclnnes, T. Koizumi, M.C. Darmon, A. Goddard, P. Stanislovitis, S.P. Craig, N.J. Nowak, V.E. Powers, M.C. Simmler, S.M. Zakian, Y. Nakai, A.C.B. Peters, M. Kimura, J. Szpirer, M. Danciger, L. Dandolo, M. Westerman, M. van der Ploeg, L. Pajunen, E.P.J. Arnoldus, A.K. Raap, G.C. Beverstock, S. Schnittger, M. Katsuki, V.G. Matveeva, T. Shinohara, J. García-Heras, S.C. Bock, T.B. Shows, K. Klinger, A.P. Jackson, H. van Kamp, Franki Speleman, D.S. Gallagher, P.M. Kluin, A. Kuwano, T. Kajii, H.A. Taylor, B. Redeker, P. Van Oostveldt, T. Pihlajaniemi, JG Leroy, G.N. Hendy, Marcel M.A.M. Mannens, I.W. Craig, P. Avner, T. Abe, B.H. Robinson, V.L. Singer, P. Parham, E.K. Bijlsma, G. Levan, S. Kohno, S.J. Sadler, and V.V.N.G. Rao

Subjects
Genetics, Library science, Table of contents, Biology, Title page, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
1991

5. Contents, Vol. 56, 1991

Author

G. Levan, S.P. Craig, I.W. Craig, I.V. Nikitina, N.J. Nowak, T. Pihlajaniemi, C.A. Kozak, M.C. Simmler, H.A. Taylor, C. Collet, G.N. Hendy, C.-L. Hsieh, P. Van Oostveldt, R.G. Taylor, J.A. Miller, M.C. Darmon, A.C.B. Peters, J.W. Wessels, E. Solomon, M.A. Abruzzo, T. Abe, S.M. Zakian, M. Kimura, Y. Nakai, D. Sheer, B.M. Cattanach, Rosalyn Slater, Franki Speleman, P.M. Kluin, A. Kuwano, M. Westerman, S. Kohno, S.J. Sadler, N.S.-F. Ma, D.S. Gallagher, V.E. Powers, T.B. Shows, J. George, M. Van der Ploeg, K. Klinger, G.M. Greig, G. Otulakowski, M.C. Phelan, V.L. Singer, J. Szpirer, A.K. Raap, A. Geurts van Kessel, W.E. Fibbe, V.V.N.G. Rao, M. Vercruyssen, E.P. Evans, E.P.J. Arnoldus, E.J. Dreef, L.-C. Tsui, P. Parham, I. Hansmann, S. Parikh, L. Shi, L.T. Williams, R.E. Kibbelaar, J. Hayakawa, T. Kajii, M. Rivière, T. Shinohara, D.S. Gerhard, E.K. Bijlsma, M.G. Byers, A.P. Jackson, S.W. Scherer, S. Boularand, F. Yang, J. Mallet, J.A. Escobedo, Andries Westerveld, H.F. Willard, Roger E. Stevenson, R.R. Mclnnes, P. Stanislovitis, H. van Kamp, D.W. Threadgill, T. Koizumi, T.B. Nesterova, J.E. Womack, N.B. Rubtsov, T.A. Jones, T.J.M. Hulsebos, M. Danciger, S. Kubota, M. Katsuki, D.H. Ledbetter, S. Navankasattusas, C. Szpirer, V.G. Matveeva, S.I. Radjabli, L. Pajunen, R.H. Brakenhoff, J. García-Heras, G.C. Beverstock, S.C. Bock, Charles E. Schwartz, L. Dandolo, S. Schnittger, I.A. Noordermeer, C. Hanson, B.H. Robinson, A. Kumamoto, D.B. Farber, C. Rasberry, B. Redeker, K.I. Kivirikko, G.J. den Ottolander, H. Nakai, JG Leroy, Marcel M.A.M. Mannens, P. Avner, U. Francke, J. Spencer, R.G. Lafreniere, and A. Goddard

Subjects
Botany, Genetics, Zoology, Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
1991

6. Subject Index Vol. 91, 2000

Author

H. Kehrer-Sawatzki, G. Williams, H. Berninger, O.J. Miller, K. Dreikorn, F. Dechend, M. Kämper, T. Bonk, V. Beensen, N. Mah, S. Balg, S. Jakubiczka, W. Schloot, I. Hansmann, M. Wilda, D. Schindler, K. Lücke, A. Hehr, G. Herzberger, T. Liehr, H.G. Nothwang, A. Bardhan, S. Henschel, A. Dufke, N.A. Ellis, J.S. Heslop-Harrison, S.K. Bohlander, K. Eggermann, M. Gencik, T.M. Dunn, R. Werdin, L. Setterfield, L. Walter, W. Vogel, M.P. Achary, K. Kainer, M. Schmid, S. Kußmann, R. Bendix, C. Nihoul-Feketé, K. Schiebel, W. Engel, S. Avenarius, B. Gharavi, E. Passarge, G. Tariverdian, H.L. Schulz, K. Trenz, D.K. Lamatsch, J. Frowein, P. Schütz, H. Neitzel, M.S. Magid, C. Steinlein, T. Grimm, J. Meder, T. Dörk, M. Fellous, M. Stumm, G. Senger, J.A. Alonzo, M.B. Petersen, H. Enders, M.L. Houck, S. Kümmerle, U. Grumpelt, R. Chaves, W. Mosgoeller, P.E. Warburton, A.T. Kumamoto, B. Schröder, R. Melcher, P.H. Yen, K. Kutsche, J.T. Epplen, C. Kelbova, H.G. Schwarzacher, D. Schlote, M. Döbler-Neumann, P.M. Chou, R. Brauner, F. Jaubert, J. Neesen, M. Proytcheva, B. Eiben, J. German, C. Reuter, J.J. Pasantes, G. Scherer, H. Winking, Y.-F.C. Lau, U. Zechner, V. Kalscheuer, Susumu Ohno, M. Winkelmann, A. Mannan, W. Jaggernauth, E. Reichl, P.S. Burgoyne, E. Glauner, S. Knauf, H. Przuntek, S.G. Somkuti, U. Müller, C. Baldermann, andK. Benirschke, C. Backsch, A. Gehrig, H. Stöhr, H.P. Klinger, M.M. Sanz, S. Fröhlich, M.J. Wakefield, T.O. Goecke, J.C. Iezzoni, C. Dixkens, M. Büsse, C. Althaus, R. Breuer, B. Levy, I. Nanda, A. Epplen, B. Vikram, E. Schnakenberg, P. Miny, R. Toder, L. Salas-Cortés, C. Groß, F. Vogel, P.R. Papenhausen, E.M. Bühler, A. Rump, U. Langenbeck, M. Schöning, W.K. Holloman, M. Schmidt, A. Alfieri, H. Collmann, S.C. Kingswood, K.R. Held, Helmut Baitsch, P. Burfeind, T. Haaf, J.A.M. Graves, E. Gross, S. Ebner, B.H.F. Weber, T. Sharma, K. Sperling, U. Klein-Vogler, J. Seidel, H. Guedes-Pinto, G. Speit, B. Petersen, J. Schmidtke, K. Hirschhorn, A.P. Singh, M. Krawczak, L.G. Kömüves, B. Halliger-Keller, M. Mikkelsen, N.B. Kardon, C. Fischer, W. Krone, J.S. Schinfeld, A. Schinzel, M. Rosemblatt, S.S. Wachtel, W. Kress, A.J. Kersten, C.R. Mueller, C. Saft, W. Schempp, A. Humeny, J.H. Tepperberg, N.B. Atkin, S. Schubert, H.M. Schüler, P. Wieacker, G.A. Rappold, R. von Golitschek, H. Bostelmann, J. Andrich, S. Röttger, P. Kaiser, M. Schartl, H. Hameister, C. Tyler-Smith, S.J. Charter, K. Fredga, E.P. Evans, H. Hoehn, D. Bächner, B. Skawran, U. Mittwoch, A. Rosenthal, A. Gal, S. Fallet, U. Drews, A. Pomarino, E. Günther, T. Schwarzacher, T.O. Schulz, and S. Stengel-Rutkowski

Subjects
Genetics, Index (economics), Subject (documents), Biology, Social science, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
2000

7. Contents Vol. 91, 2000

Author

E. Glauner, C. Baldermann, A. Bardhan, Susumu Ohno, A. Mannan, C. Althaus, R. Brauner, E. Schnakenberg, K. Hirschhorn, W. Krone, G. Williams, B.H.F. Weber, K. Sperling, G.A. Rappold, K.R. Held, J.S. Schinfeld, J. Seidel, H. Guedes-Pinto, H. Berninger, O.J. Miller, M. Kämper, M.J. Wakefield, H.L. Schulz, W.K. Holloman, M. Schmidt, M. Krawczak, B. Petersen, S. Kußmann, N. Mah, S. Fröhlich, M. Fellous, Helmut Baitsch, M.L. Houck, T. Bonk, D. Bächner, B. Skawran, L.G. Kömüves, J. Andrich, W. Vogel, T.O. Goecke, Y.-F.C. Lau, P.M. Chou, U. Zechner, N.B. Atkin, V. Beensen, D.K. Lamatsch, andK. Benirschke, H.P. Klinger, A. Rosenthal, T. Dörk, A. Gal, R. Melcher, G. Tariverdian, S. Ebner, P.E. Warburton, W. Schloot, P. Miny, C. Kelbova, J. Neesen, C. Reuter, M.S. Magid, K. Lücke, U. Drews, M. Rosemblatt, W. Jaggernauth, S. Knauf, E. Günther, A. Rump, C. Backsch, B. Gharavi, K. Trenz, M. Stumm, M. Wilda, V. Kalscheuer, S. Stengel-Rutkowski, B. Schröder, R. von Golitschek, H. Bostelmann, J. Schmidtke, U. Klein-Vogler, D. Schlote, J.T. Epplen, L. Walter, T. Grimm, S.S. Wachtel, S.C. Kingswood, M.P. Achary, F. Jaubert, H. Przuntek, C. Steinlein, U. Langenbeck, M. Schöning, W. Kress, H. Enders, A. Schinzel, S. Kümmerle, R. Breuer, B. Levy, I. Nanda, C. Nihoul-Feketé, S. Henschel, K. Schiebel, H. Kehrer-Sawatzki, H.G. Nothwang, H. Stöhr, M. Winkelmann, C. Groß, C.R. Mueller, W. Schempp, P. Kaiser, C. Saft, S.G. Somkuti, N.A. Ellis, M. Gencik, F. Vogel, R. Chaves, P. Schütz, P.R. Papenhausen, H. Neitzel, M. Schartl, R. Werdin, A.P. Singh, A. Epplen, G. Senger, J.H. Tepperberg, L. Setterfield, M.M. Sanz, K. Dreikorn, F. Dechend, A.J. Kersten, T. Liehr, M. Schmid, H. Hameister, A. Alfieri, C. Tyler-Smith, A.T. Kumamoto, S.J. Charter, S. Schubert, C. Dixkens, M. Büsse, S. Balg, U. Grumpelt, L. Salas-Cortés, H. Collmann, B. Vikram, K. Fredga, H.M. Schüler, P. Wieacker, A. Humeny, E. Passarge, M.B. Petersen, K. Kainer, G. Herzberger, J. Meder, S. Röttger, H. Hoehn, S. Jakubiczka, T.M. Dunn, B. Halliger-Keller, W. Mosgoeller, R. Bendix, J.S. Heslop-Harrison, S.K. Bohlander, E.P. Evans, E.M. Bühler, I. Hansmann, R. Toder, M. Mikkelsen, K. Kutsche, D. Schindler, P. Burfeind, T. Haaf, J. Frowein, H.G. Schwarzacher, M. Döbler-Neumann, T. Sharma, B. Eiben, P.H. Yen, N.B. Kardon, J. German, M. Proytcheva, H. Winking, G. Speit, G. Scherer, C. Fischer, K. Eggermann, A. Pomarino, A. Hehr, A. Dufke, E. Reichl, W. Engel, S. Avenarius, P.S. Burgoyne, J.A. Alonzo, T. Schwarzacher, A. Gehrig, T.O. Schulz, J.A.M. Graves, E. Gross, U. Müller, J.C. Iezzoni, U. Mittwoch, S. Fallet, and J.J. Pasantes

Subjects
Botany, Genetics, Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
2000

8. Subject Index Vol. 84, 1999

Author

C.T. Lago, D.S. Gallagher, R. Bucala, Y. Zhang, M. Matsui, N. Montuori, M.A. Ferguson-Smith, G. Senger, U. Mahlknecht, M.G. Persico, J.F. Taylor, P. Miniou, C. Cassano, R. Banerjee, M. D’Urso, M.E. Durkin, A. Forabosco, T. Esposito, P. Maraschio, F. Nagai, A.J. Sainsbury, N. Inoue, M.A. Morris, Y. Nitta, T.E. Richardson, A. Geurts van Kessel, R. Stanyon, J. Lemke, J. Laborda, M. Bagga, F. Darroudi, Y. Koshizuka, L. Bartoloni, P.M. Kroisel, N. Taniguchi, T.C. van Stijn, G.P. Di Meo, A. Rott, E. Verdin, C.H. Kindler, T. Fujita, E. Viegas-Péquignot, F. Gianfrancesco, M. Rocchi, A. Plesch, A. Matsumoto, N.A. Affara, J.M. Lumsden, J.T.G. Schepens, E. Gubina, M. Svelto, B. Schlegelberger, G.F. Merkx, Y. Nakamura, T. Kinoshita, M. Jeanpierre, G.W. Montgomery, M.R. Speicher, O. Miyoshi, T. Fujii, J.E. Womack, G. De Saint-Basile, V. Baladrón, J.-M. Dupont, K. Patel, T. Usui, A. Haynes, H.-J. Heidebrecht, C.S. Yost, B. Scognamiglio, H. Tamura, L. Jennes, R. Kappler, R. Mazzarella, T. Cremer, M. D’Esposito, A. Kindler-Röhrborn, S. Thiel, Y. Endo, E.A. Lord, S.A. Cato, N.J. Lynch, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Fujii, M. Tucci, G. Baldassarre, A. Barra, M. Isomura, I. Chudoba, R. Dono, A. Gos, L. Viggiano, J. Takeda, H.-D. Mennel, M.F. Broom, B. Trueb, E. Petek, U. Claussen, J.-L.C. Blouin, V. Luu-The, G. Calamita, R. Albrechtsen, H. Satoh, Y. Yang, A. Bolzer, T.P.L. Smith, P. Soucy, P.C.M. O’Brien, J.M. Craig, R. Parwaresch, A. Ciccodicola, M.J. Ruiz-Hidalgo, T.S. Khurana, W.J. Schwaeble, A.T. Gray, G. Lembo, C.D. DeLozier-Blanchet, G. Viglietto, C.V. Beechey, S. Ikegawa, W.J.A.J. Hendriks, C.M. Stover, F.C. Nielsen, A.C. Jäger, I. Dufort, B. Wieringa, D. Molina Gomes, F. Yang, M. Egashira, D. Bourc’his, S.E. Antonarakis, E.R. Sampson, S.S. Kakar, M. Imhof, T. Lörch, A.M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg, K. Ohishi, L. Iannuzzi, P. Denny, U.M. Wewer, N. Niikawa, P. Cavagna, J. Schlegel, R. Hamaoka, L. Tiepolo, P. Rheault, N.L. Lòpez-Corrales, M.T.M. Schepens, K. Wagner, J. Wienberg, T.S. Sonstegard, W. Emberger, H. Scherthan, S.K. Davis, and E.P. Evans

Subjects
Genetics, Index (economics), Subject (documents), Social science, Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
1999

9. Subject Index Vol. 56, 1991

Author

L. Dandolo, D.S. Gallagher, P.M. Kluin, A. Kuwano, B.H. Robinson, G. Otulakowski, S.P. Craig, N.J. Nowak, G. Levan, M. Van der Ploeg, M.A. Abruzzo, A.C.B. Peters, P. Stanislovitis, Charles E. Schwartz, M.C. Simmler, L.-C. Tsui, D.W. Threadgill, C.A. Kozak, D. Sheer, A. Kumamoto, M.C. Darmon, A.K. Raap, I.V. Nikitina, S.M. Zakian, S. Kubota, M. Kimura, D.H. Ledbetter, A. Goddard, S. Kohno, S.J. Sadler, T. Kajii, D.S. Gerhard, D.B. Farber, S.W. Scherer, JG Leroy, R.R. Mclnnes, Marcel M.A.M. Mannens, C. Rasberry, C. Hanson, M. Vercruyssen, T. Koizumi, J. Mallet, Rosalyn Slater, P. Avner, U. Francke, M. Rivière, N.B. Rubtsov, V.L. Singer, K.I. Kivirikko, E.K. Bijlsma, P. Parham, T.B. Nesterova, J.E. Womack, J. Spencer, M.C. Phelan, B. Redeker, S. Navankasattusas, G.N. Hendy, V.V.N.G. Rao, R.G. Lafreniere, J.W. Wessels, Y. Nakai, C. Szpirer, B.M. Cattanach, R.G. Taylor, Andries Westerveld, M. Westerman, I. Hansmann, J. George, E. Solomon, G.J. den Ottolander, S. Boularand, V.E. Powers, Roger E. Stevenson, H. Nakai, T. Abe, G.M. Greig, M. Danciger, N.S.-F. Ma, L. Pajunen, J. Hayakawa, G.C. Beverstock, C.-L. Hsieh, J.A. Miller, S. Schnittger, H.F. Willard, S.I. Radjabli, R.H. Brakenhoff, A. Geurts van Kessel, E.J. Dreef, S. Parikh, L. Shi, A.P. Jackson, H. van Kamp, T.B. Shows, K. Klinger, I.A. Noordermeer, C. Collet, M. Katsuki, V.G. Matveeva, J. García-Heras, S.C. Bock, T. Pihlajaniemi, R.E. Kibbelaar, M.G. Byers, F. Yang, H.A. Taylor, P. Van Oostveldt, J. Szpirer, E.P.J. Arnoldus, I.W. Craig, W.E. Fibbe, E.P. Evans, Franki Speleman, T. Shinohara, L.T. Williams, J.A. Escobedo, T.A. Jones, and T.J.M. Hulsebos

Subjects
Index (economics), Statistics, Genetics, Subject (documents), Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
1991

10. Cloned human teratoma cells differentiate into neuron-like cells and other cell types in retinoic acid

Author

B. Hopkins, Frank S. Walsh, Sandra C. Thompson, W. Engstrom, M. Webb, P.L. Stern, W.K. Shi, E.P. Evans, and C.F. Graham

Subjects
Cell type, medicine.drug_class, Cellular differentiation, Mice, Nude, Tretinoin, Biology, Monoclonal antibody, Cell Line, Epitopes, Mice, Antigen, medicine, Animals, Humans, Neurons, CD40, Teratoma, Cell Biology, Cell cycle, Molecular biology, Clone Cells, Fibronectins, Neoplasm Proteins, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Phenotype, P19 cell, Karyotyping, biology.protein, Antibody
Abstract

Single cell clones were isolated from the human teratoma line, Tera-2. The cells of three of these clones were studied. The progressively growing cells were shown to be tumorigenic, and they were characterized by the lack of expression of β 2β2-microglobulinand HLA-A,B,C determinants on the cell surface. The majority of the cells expressed Thy-1 antigen and a 90 × 103 molecular weight protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody F10.44.2; between a third and half of the cells expressed the sugar specificities detected by the anti-SSEA-1 monoclonal antibody. In response to 5 × 10−5 M-retinoic acid applied to cells in monolayer culture, the cells differentiated into a population of flat static cells arrested in the GI phase of the cell cycle. A substantial proportion of these differentiated cells expressed β 2-microglobulin and 43 × 103 molecular weight HLA-A,B,C polypeptides, Thy-1, SSEA-1 sugar determinants, and the 90 × 103 protein recognized by F10.44.2. The apparent molecular weight of fibronectin secreted by the cells decreased by about 5 × 103Mr to 235 × 103Mr after differentiation. The progressively growing cells lacked reactivity with reagents that mark cells in the nervous system. Following aggregation and retinoic acid treatment, neuron-like cells were formed. These cells reacted with reagents that also react with human neurons in culture: they reacted with tetanus toxin, the anti-neurofilament antibodies BF10 and RT97, the anti-ganglioside, GQlc antibody F12 A2B5, and anti-Thy-1. The progressively growing cells of these Tera-2 clones are therefore capable of forming at least two types of cell: the flat cells in monolayer cultures and the neuron-like cells. None of the cell populations reacted with the monoclonal antibody against SSEA-3 and these cloned cells are therefore distinct from previous isolates from Tera-2.

Published
1984

11. Marker Chromosome Analysis of Tetraparental AKR↔CBA-T6 Mouse Chimaeras

Author

Hilary Clegg, C.E. Ford, Maureen Tuffrey, M.D. Burtenshaw, E.P. Evans, and R. D. Barnes

Subjects
Genetics, Cancer Research, viruses, Marker chromosome, Embryogenesis, Cell Biology, Biology, Intestinal epithelium, Molecular biology, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Molecular Biology, Mitosis, Developmental Biology, Corneal epithelium, Dominance (genetics)
Abstract

Marker chromosome analysis of 18 tetraparental AKR↔CBA/H-T6 chimaeras revealed a great excess of AKR mitoses over CBA mitoses in direct preparations from lymphomyeloid tissues, corneal epithelium, intestinal epithelium and skin (Table 1). The degree of AKR dominance was strongly influenced by anatomical site (Tables 2 and 3). The testes of three out of four XY/XY males contained a marked excess of AKR germ cells and produced a parallel excess of functional AKR gametes (Table 4). Mitotic spreads in mitogen-stimulated cultures of tail blood were overwhelmingly of AKR type in 1972, but less so in 1973 (Table 5). The coat phenotypes, and breeding results from known or presumptive XX/XX females, suggest that AKR and CBA cells were numerically balanced when melanoblasts and oocytes were formed during embryonic development, and therefore that the striking deviations from equality observed in mitotic populations of adult chimaeras arose later by differential proliferation or survival of AKR cells, or both. The low frequency of lymphomas, compared with normal AKR mice, previously reported in these chimaeras cannot therefore be accounted for by insufficiency of AKR cells in the thymus or elsewhere in the lymphomyeloid tissues. One of three lymphomas studied was CBA type. This suggests that the high risk of lymphomatous transformation is not an autonomous property of AKR cells.

Published
1974

12. Contents, Vol. 20, 1978

Author

U. Wolf, S. Scappaticci, J. Couturier, M. Freund, A.C. Adams, J. Olert, K. Benirschke, H.G. Schwarzacher, T.C. Hsu, O.A. Ryder, I.H. Pawlowitzki, P.M. Ellis, B. Dutrillaux, J.M. Clarkson, S. Ciccarese, M. Fraccaro, N. Takagi, O.J. Miller, D.A. Miller, K.W. Jones, E. Rudak, J. Lejeune, N. Canning, A.-V. Mikelsaar, E. Viegas-Pequignot, P.A. Jacobs, E.M. Eicher, G. Fanconi, E.J.T. Winsor, R. Tantravahi, D.R. Thompson, J.T. Martsolf, M.M. Cohen, A. Levan, W. Schnedl, N. Mandahl, M.A. Ferguson-Smith, A. Stahl, M. Devictor, A. Boué, N. Wake, C.V. Beechey, W. Schmid, G. Levan, N. Gregson, M. Hartung, A. Bradley, C. Richler, R. Goitein, L. Tiepolo, M. Ray, S. Mould, J. Wahrman, J. German, J. Pearson, M. Schmid, K.E. Buckton, J. Ryde, O. Zuffardi, A. Markvong, E. Günther, B.M. Cattanach, M.F. Croquette, N. Gadoth, S.A. Latt, M. Mayer, V.G. Dev, N.C. Epel, J.T. Marshall, Y. Nagai, J. Coget, W. Engel, M. Sasaki, H.J. Evans, J.L.P. Hunter, A.G. Searle, J. Boué, C.K. Eun, Y. Rosen, J.A. Evans, J. Dagan, D.A. Hungerford, S.M. Galloway, E.P. Evans, A.G.W. Hunter, A. Aurias, M. Mikkelsen, A. Rosenmann, S. Ohno, A. Hansson, M.D. Burtenshaw, H.P. Klinger, M.T. Zenzes, J.L. Hamerton, J. Kinross, E. Pacifico, A. de la Chapelle, M. Seabright, J.M. Luciani, C.G. Palmer, A. Tal, and P. Grönman

Subjects
Botany, Genetics, Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
1978

13. 90Sr-induced Osteosarcomas in Radiation Chimaeras

Author

T. E. F. Carr, D. W. H. Barnes, E.P. Evans, and J. F. Loutit

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Neoplasms, General Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Chromosomes, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bone Marrow, Immunology, medicine, Animals, Aneuploid Cells, Bone marrow, Carcinogenesis, Mitosis, Bone Marrow Transplantation
Abstract

SummaryTo determine whether sarcomata of bone are derived from osteo-progenitive cells committed to bone production or from uncommitted pluripotent cells in bone-marrow, radiation chimaeras were injected intraperitoneally with 20 µCi of strontium-90. Both syngeneic CBA/CBA-T6T6 and allogeneic CBA-T6T6/A chimaeras were used. The resulting tumours were analysed cytologically for T6 chromosomes to determine whether they were of host or donor origin. The aneuploid cells of all 13 tumours analysed were of host-type: this was confirmed by genetic analysis in six tumours arising in allogeneic chimaeras.Euploid mitotic cells of donor marrow provenance were commonly seen in preparations of tumours.Tumours were also analysed in 11 of 14 normal mice, both CBA and CBA-T6T6, injected with 20 µCi of strontium-90. No false positive or false negative results for T6T6 were recorded.The bone-tumours were of at least two types, typical osteoblastic sarcomata and osteolytic sarcomata either fibroblastic or haemangioendotheli...

Published
1970

14. Studies on the induction of translocations in mouse spermatogonia

Author

B.J. West, E.P. Evans, C.E. Ford, and A.G. Searle

Subjects
Genetics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine, Chromosomal translocation, Radiosensitivity, Spermatocyte, Biology, Dose rate, Molecular Biology, Molecular biology
Abstract

The effect of dose-rate on the induction of reciprocal translocations in mouse A type spematogonia by 600 RX- and γ-irradiation was studied by scoring multivalent configurations in descendant spermatocytes. With X-irradiation over a range of dose-rates from 0.8 to 913 R/min there was no significant change in the frequency of affected spermatocytes, which averaged 12.8%. With γ-irradiation, however, there was a steady increase in frequency from 1.4% at 0.02 R/min to 12.1% at 86 R/min, the points fitting a straight line on a semi-log plot. At 0.08 R/min the X-ray yield was twice that for γ-rays. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Frequencies of 0, 1, 2 translocations per spermatocyte did not fit a Poisson distribution since there were less then expected in the 1-class, but more in higher classes. This was probably a consequence of differential radiosensitivity of the irradiated spermatogonia, although preferential clonal proliferation may also be involved.

Published
1968

15. Banding patterns in mitotic chromosomes of tobacco mouse

Author

C.E. Ford, A. Gropp, E.P. Evans, and Lore Zech

Subjects
Male, Genetics, Mustard Compounds, Sex Chromosomes, business.industry, Mitosis, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, Biology, Chromosomes, Mice, Text mining, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Quinacrine, Karyotyping, Animals, Hybridization, Genetic, Female, business
Published
1972

16. The effect of hypothermia on the induction of chromosomal mutations by acute X-irradiation of mice

Author

M.J. Ashwood-Smith, E.P. Evans, and A.G. Searle

Subjects
Male, Somatic cell, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Period (gene), Chromosomal translocation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Chromosomes, Andrology, Mice, Hypothermia, Induced, Testis, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Radiation Genetics, Radiosensitivity, Molecular Biology, Human body temperature, Infertility, Male, Mutation, Reproduction, Anatomy, Hypothermia, Spermatozoa, Oxygen tension, Oxygen, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Small mammals can survive cooling to o°, at which temperature their tissues are virtually anoxic. Thus hypothermia provides a method for studying the role of oxygen tension differences in determining genetic radiosensitivity of different mammalian germ-cell stages. Male mice were given 600 rad acute X-irradiation when hypothermic or at normal body temperature. In mice irradiated when hypothermic the yield of dominant lethal mutations from treated spermatozoa was slightly but not significantly reduced, while the incidence of cytologically identifiable reciprocal translocation configurations in primary spermatocytes derived from irradiated A type spermatogonia was halved (8.3% instead of 17.1%). The usual post-radiation sterile period after 600 rad was abolished in the males made hypothermic and the testis weights showed less reduction than in those given X-rays alone. This evidence for the protection of spermatogonia from somatic and genetic radiation injury by hypothermia shows that oxygen tension differences are important in determining the extent of both types of damage in these immature germ cells. With mature germ cells, however, these and previous findings agree in showing that hypothermia or other methods of oxygen deprivation provide little if any protection from genetic radiation damage to spermatozoa, presumably because they are normally hypoxic.

Published
1965

17. Cytogenetic and endocrine studies of a freemartin heifer and its bull co-twin

Author

E.P. Evans, Roger V. Short, Janet Smith, J. L. Hamerton, T. Mann, Anthea Fryer, and Janet Hallett

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Freemartin, Mitosis, Urogenital System, Bone Marrow Cells, Biology, Chromosomes, Lymphatic System, Internal medicine, Testis, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Gonads, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Skin, Blood Cells, Testosterone (patch), Spermatozoa, Meiosis, Endocrine studies, Endocrinology, Karyotyping, Freemartinism, Cattle, Female
Abstract

The study of a bovine freemartin and its male co-twin has shown that the sex-reversed gonads of the female are secreting testosterone. Therefore, we suggest that the masculinisation of the freemartin’s reproductive tract may be due to sex hormones secreted by its own gonads, rather than by those from its male co-twin. On the evidence at present available, we favour the view that the female gonad is sex-reversed by a humoral inductor substance coming from the male co-twin that causes retention of the medullary sex cords. A study of the male co-twin suggests that its gonads may also be abnormal in that they secrete reduced amounts of androgen. Both twins showed extensive 60, XX/60, XY chimaerism, with a metacentric marker chromosome associated with the XY cell line only. This was derived from the dam. The proportion of XY cells varied markedly between tissues in both the twins. We were unable to find any germ cells in the female gonad, and, with the exception of one possible female pachytene, all the germ cells examined in the male’s testes were XY.

Published
1969

18. Studies on the induction of translocations in mouse spermatogonia. II. Effects of fast neutron irradiation

Author

E.P. Evans, A.G. Searle, and B.J. West

Subjects
Chromosome Aberrations, Male, Neutrons, Fast neutron irradiation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Chromosomal translocation, Radiation, Biology, Linear hypothesis, Molecular biology, Spermatozoa, Neutron temperature, Mice, Genetics, Animals, Radiation Genetics, Neutron, Acute irradiation, Irradiation, Radiometry, Molecular Biology
Abstract

The rate of induction of reciprocal translocations by fast neutron irradiation of mouse spermatogonia was studied by cytological examination of descendant spermatocytes. With acute irradiation (49–55 rad/min) the frequency of affected spermatocytes rose to a maximun of 8.7% at 100 rad, falling abruptly at higher doses to 1.6% at 220 rad. With chronic irradiation over 12 weeks, however, no such fall-off was found. Instead, the yield at 214-rad neutrons was 21.7%, while that at 62-rad was 3.3%, which is significantly less than expected on a linear hypothesis. If one assumes linearity at low doses, the neutron-X RBE for acute irradiation is about 4 and the neutron-γ RBE for chronic irradiation is about 20–25.

Published
1969

19. XY spermatocytes in an XYY male

Author

C. E. Ford, H Hunter, C.E Blank, E.P Evans, and R.S.K Chaganti

Subjects
Adult, Chromosome Aberrations, Male, Meiosis, Germ Cells, Sex Chromosomes, Karyotyping, Humans, Mitosis, General Medicine, Biology, Spermatozoa
Published
1970

20. Subject Index Vol. 20, 1978

Author

A. Bradley, M. Mikkelsen, A. Rosenmann, J. Wahrman, E. Rudak, E.J.T. Winsor, O.J. Miller, P.M. Ellis, C.K. Eun, N. Takagi, J. Dagan, O.A. Ryder, H.G. Schwarzacher, A. Hansson, A. Tal, M.D. Burtenshaw, I.H. Pawlowitzki, P. Grönman, M.T. Zenzes, B. Dutrillaux, K.W. Jones, N. Mandahl, J.M. Clarkson, E. Viegas-Pequignot, M. Ray, J.L. Hamerton, M. Fraccaro, J. Coget, J. German, A. Stahl, M. Devictor, J.T. Martsolf, J. Lejeune, M. Sasaki, N. Gregson, W. Schmid, G. Levan, D.R. Thompson, M.A. Ferguson-Smith, H.J. Evans, M. Seabright, S.A. Latt, M.M. Cohen, A. Levan, W. Engel, C.V. Beechey, J.M. Luciani, L. Tiepolo, N. Wake, N. Canning, A. Boué, J.A. Evans, R. Goitein, G. Fanconi, S. Ciccarese, J.T. Marshall, J. Ryde, C.G. Palmer, Y. Nagai, A.G.W. Hunter, M.F. Croquette, J. Couturier, M. Freund, M. Mayer, D.A. Miller, M. Schmid, N.C. Epel, S. Mould, K. Benirschke, K.E. Buckton, A. Markvong, E.P. Evans, N. Gadoth, E.M. Eicher, T.C. Hsu, J. Kinross, A. de la Chapelle, A. Aurias, J. Boué, P.A. Jacobs, Y. Rosen, D.A. Hungerford, J.L.P. Hunter, A.G. Searle, S.M. Galloway, J. Pearson, E. Pacifico, A.C. Adams, S. Ohno, H.P. Klinger, U. Wolf, S. Scappaticci, C. Richler, J. Olert, O. Zuffardi, E. Günther, R. Tantravahi, W. Schnedl, V.G. Dev, M. Hartung, B.M. Cattanach, and A.-V. Mikelsaar

Subjects
Index (economics), Statistics, Genetics, Subject (documents), Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published
1978

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