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Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a species widely used in traditional medicine in various regions of the world, mainly in Asian countries such as India and Pakistan. The anticancer potential of this species has been reported in the literature, indicating that its chemical compounds may be effective against different tumor cell lines. The present work aimed to carry out a systematic review on the traditional uses, chemical composition, toxicity, and anticancer potential of C. rotundus. Scientific articles were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO. Only works published in the last twenty years (2000-2020) were eligible. A total of 85 articles were included in the review. According to the scientific documents analyzed, C. rotundus is widely used for stomach disorders (11%), diarrhea and/or dysentery (11%), fever (10%), menstrual problems (9%), diuresis (9%), and worms (8%). Regarding the in vivo and in vitro anticancer potential, the extracts, fractions, and essential oils from C. rotundus were effective against colorectal, breast, prostate, ovarian, endometrial, liver and cervical cancer, leukemia, and neuroblastoma cell lines. A total of 49 chemical compounds belonging to the classes of sesquiterpenes, iridoid glycosides, and phenolics were identified in this review. Extracts obtained from C. rotundus did not show toxicity in preclinical tests. The pharmacological investigation of the chemical compounds isolated from this plant is important to elucidate the mechanisms of action against cancer cell lines.

Digestive system cancers are common primary cancer in humans. Plants are an excellent source of compounds used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Virotherapy is a promising tool for fighting cancer because of its safety and selectivity. Thus, the present study proposed a new combination therapy consisting of secondary metabolite compounds (alkaloids) extracted from Cyperus rotundus L. and oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The new combination was tested against three cancer cell lines (i.e., human rectal and esophagus cancer and mouse hepatocellular carcinoma) and a non-transformed rat embryo fibroblast cell line (REF). The MTT viability assay was used to analyze the possible synergism using the Chou–Talalay analysis method. The in vitro study showed that the combination therapy of NDV-alkaloid extract had synergistic enhanced anticancer activity on all the cancer cell lines tested. Moreover, combination therapy showed antagonism and low cytotoxic effect on the REF cell line. NDV-alkaloid treatment was found to upregulate p53 in comparison with each monotherapy alone, and thereby it is a possible explanation for the synergism. In conclusion, this study proposed a novel cancer therapy via the combination of C. rotundus L. (alkaloids) extract and oncolytic NDV, which may be a promising therapy for gastrointestinal tumors.

Há evidências de que o extrato aquoso de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) possa induzir o enraizamento de plantas, por apresentar elevadas concentrações de auxinas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de épocas de aplicação e concentrações de extrato aquoso de tiririca no desenvolvimento e produção da cenoura, cultivar Brasília. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas épocas de aplicação do extrato (25 e 50 dias após semeadura) e cinco concentrações de extrato de tiririca (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% v/v), com 4 repetições. A colheita foi realizada aos 90 dias após a semeadura, sendo avaliados os seguintes parâmetros morfológicos: diâmetro de raízes (cm); altura de plantas (cm); massa fresca de raízes e da parte aérea (g planta-1); massa seca de raízes e da parte aérea (g planta-1); massa seca total (g planta-1); razão das massas seca de raízes e parte aérea; comprimento de raízes (cm); produtividade comercial (t ha-1); massa de raízes com defeito (t ha-1); produtividade total (t ha-1); rendimento comercial (raízes kg-1); e classificação das raízes por comprimento. A aplicação do extrato aos 50 dias mostrou-se mais eficiente ao diâmetro de raiz (3,37 cm), massa fresca de raízes (120,7 g planta-1), comprimento de raízes (15,4 cm), produtividade comercial (68,2 t ha-1), produtividade total (73,6 t ha-1) e raízes comerciais (8,8 raízes kg-1). A classificação das raízes apresentou maior porcentagem na classe de 14 cm. Os parâmetros massa seca de raiz (12,0 e 12,8 g planta-1), razão de massa seca de raízes e parte aérea (1,66 e 1,57) e massa de raízes com defeito (1,3 e 1,5 t ha-1), aos 25 e 50 dias, respectivamente, foram semelhantes em ambas as épocas.

To manage the Cyperus rotundus (Purple nut sedge.) is a troublesome, economically damaging weed, widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A field experiment was done at Students Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P).The study was conducted to investigate the competitive effects of C. rotundus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under varying irrigation regimes and herbicides in field conditions at Kanpur during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 in a split plot design. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four irrigation schedule viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4) were assigned to main plots and weed management practices viz. W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron @25 g/ha , W4- pendimethalin (pre emergence) fbWCPL-15(clodinafop- propargyl 15 %) @400 g/ha , W5- carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG @ 100 g/ha , W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% @ 75 g/ha , W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr @ and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% @ 400 g/ha were allocated to sub plots. Application of two irrigations at CRI and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduced the density of C. rotundus and their fresh and dry weight with highest weed control efficiency (WCE) over irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4), irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2). However, maximum yield was recorded with the application of five irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4). Among herbicidal treatments, lowest density, fresh and dry weight of C. rotundus with the highest WCE resulted in higher yield of wheat was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG as post emergence (35 DAS) at 100 g/ha as compared to other treatments. However, none of the herbicidal treatments as effective as hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS.

Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), secreted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), contributes to heavy metal sequestration in polluted soils and sediments. The objective of this study was to investigate metal sequestration by GRSP associated with the plants Miscanthus sinensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Pteris vittata. A total of 45 rhizosphere soil and plant root samples were collected from three plants at two Pb/Zn mining polluted and non-polluted sites in China. Soil samples were analyzed for total and bioavailable heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Ni) concentration, chemical properties (SOC, TN, TP, TS, Olsen-P, and available K), and GRSP concentration. The contribution of GRSP-bound metals and its sequestration potential were calculated to assess the metal sequestration ability of GRSP. Mycorrhizal root colonization of P. vittata was significantly higher than that of M. sinensis and C. rotundus at three sites. P. vittata also exhibited significantly more GRSP accumulation than the other two plants in soil. The significant negative correlation between GRSP and the combined indicators of eight bioavailable (r = − 0.60, p P. vittata > M. sinensis. AMF-P. vittata symbiosis presented higher contribution to sequestering most metals by GRSP in the contaminated sites when compared with the plants M. sinensis and C. rotundus. This study sheds light on the ecological function of GRSP sequestration of metals associated with mycorrhizal plants, and its contribution to reducing metal bioavailability in polluted sites.

Background Understanding the ecology and behaviour of disease vectors, including the olfactory cues used to orient and select hosts and egg-laying sites, are essential for the development of novel, insecticide-free control tools. Selected graminoid plants have been shown to release volatile chemicals attracting malaria vectors; however, whether the attraction is selective to individual plants or more general across genera and families is still unclear. Methods To contribute to the current evidence, we implemented bioassays in two-port airflow olfactometers and in large field cages with four live graminoid plant species commonly found associated with malaria vector breeding sites in western Kenya: Cyperus rotundus and C. exaltatus of the Cyperaceae family, and Panicum repens and Cynodon dactylon of the Poaceae family. Additionally, we tested one Poaceae species, Cenchrus setaceus, not usually associated with water. The volatile compounds released in the headspace of the plants were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results All five plants attracted gravid vectors, with the odds of a mosquito orienting towards the choice-chamber with the plant in an olfactometer being 2–5 times higher than when no plant was present. This attraction was maintained when tested with free-flying mosquitoes over a longer distance in large field cages, though at lower strength, with the odds of attracting a female 1.5–2.5 times higher when live plants were present than when only water was present in the trap. Cyperus rotundus, previously implicated in connection with an oviposition attractant, consistently elicited the strongest response from gravid vectors. Volatiles regularly detected were limonene, β-pinene, β-elemene and β-caryophyllene, among other common plant compounds previously described in association with odour-orientation of gravid and unfed malaria vectors. Conclusions The present study confirms that gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto use chemical cues released from graminoid plants to orientate. These cues are released from a variety of graminoid plant species in both the Cyperaceae and Poaceae family. Given the general nature of these cues, it appears unlikely that they are exclusively used for the location of suitable oviposition sites. The utilization of these chemical cues for attract-and-kill trapping strategies must be explored under natural conditions to investigate their efficiency when in competition with complex interacting natural cues. Graphical abstract

Cyperaceae are a plant family of grass-like monocots, comprising 5600 species with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and tropical regions. Phytochemically, Cyperus is one of the most promising health supplementing genera of the Cyperaceae family, housing ≈950 species, with Cyperus rotundus L. being the most reported species in pharmacological studies. The traditional uses of Cyperus spp. have been reported against various diseases, viz., gastrointestinal and respiratory affections, blood disorders, menstrual irregularities, and inflammatory diseases. Cyperus spp. are known to contain a plethora of bioactive compounds such as α-cyperone, α-corymbolol, α-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, cyperotundone, germacrene D, mustakone, and zierone, which impart pharmacological properties to its extract. Therefore, Cyperus sp. extracts were preclinically studied and reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antiarthritic, antiobesity, vasodilator, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and estrogenic biofunctionalities. Nonetheless, conclusive evidence is still sparse regarding its clinical applications on human diseases. Further studies focused on toxicity data and risk assessment are needed to elucidate its safe and effective application. Moreover, detailed structure-activity studies also need time to explore the candidature of Cyperus-derived phytochemicals as upcoming drugs in pharmaceuticals.

Effects of Crotalaria juncea green manure on weed dynamics in transplanted rice-based systems were investigated in a field study conducted over two cropping seasons, 2016 and 2017, at Ludhiana, India. The major weed species in the field, during the green manuring phase, included Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria ciliaris and Eleusine indica. The use of cover/green manure crops and their residues to suppress weeds has shown potential to manage weeds. In this context, green manuring/cover cropping has great potential and is feasible in a rice-wheat system in northern India as there is a 45 to 60 days’ fallow period between wheat harvest and transplanting of rice. C. juncea with 50 and 100 kg seed ha-1 recorded significantly lower density and biomass of aerobics weeds and weed density as compared to without green manure in both years; GM with 100 kg seed ha-1 had a more suppressing effect on weeds than green manuring with 50 kg seed ha-1. The residual effects of weed control treatments, applied during 2016 to succeeding transplanted rice crops, did not have any specific trend on weed density in 2017. The major weeds in green manuring crop were C. rotundus, D. ciliaris and E. indica. But in transplanted rice, Echinochloa colona, E. crus-galli and Leptochloa chinensis were major weeds

Plants have long been used as herbal medicines in many countries. However, microbial contamination of these medicines may affect human health. In the present study fifteen medicinal plants namely, Acacia nilotica ssp. nilotica, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Nigella sativa, Hyphaene thebaica, Nauclea latifola, Cyperus rotundus, Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp, proximus, Artemisia herba-alb, Cassia acutifolia, Solenostemma argel, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus spina-christi, Lepidium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum were evaluated for their fungal contamination. The pour plate method was used to cultivate serially diluted portions of the medicinal plant material investigated. The colonies of fungi were identified morphologically according to form and pigment. They were observed microscopically through Lactophenol cotton bluestaining. The identified fungal isolates were consist of three fungal species, the most dominant fungi were Aspergillus nigar and Aspergillus flavus. Penicillium ssp is least one. The total fungal counts ranged from 00x101 cfu/g (Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp.proximus, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Artemisia herba alb, Lepidium satinum , Nigella sativa Cassia acutifolia and Naucle latifola) to 11x105cfu/g (Cyperus rotundus).. The highest total fungal load was found in Cyperus rotundus The levels of contamination varied greatly between the commercially available plant samples investigated.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes concentrações de extrato de tiririca no crescimento de raízes da A. cepa.Para o experimento foram utilizados recipientes plásticos com capacidade para 90 mL, onde foram adicionados 65 mL de água (testemunha) ou de extrato aquoso de tiririca (25%, 50% e 100%). As cebolas foram mantidas nos recipientes de forma que apenas metade da sua área inferior permanecesse submersa. Após a avaliação, foi observado que o comprimento médio das raízes dos tratamentos não teve variação significativa em relação às raízes da testemunha. Já em relação ao número médio das raízes, foi constatada variação significativa dos tratamentos quando comparados às raízes da testemunha.

Cette étude vise à identifier les adventices qui constituent la flore des plantations industrielles de canne à sucre des Unités Agricoles Intégrées de Côte d’Ivoire. Elle a permis d’établir la liste des adventices majeures et de montrer leur degré d’infestation dans les exploitations de canne à sucre. Pour mener à bien ce travail, la méthodologie a constitué à faire des placettes de 1500 m2 (30 m x 20 m). Dans ces placettes, chaque espèce rencontrée est évaluée par sa présence et son indice d’abondance-dominance. Les familles majoritaires sont celles des Poaceae, des Asteraceae, des Fabaceae, des Euphorbiaceae et des Cyperaceae. La plupart des espèces sont des Dicotylédones avec 69 %, dominé par les Thérophytes avec une proportion estimée à 29 %. Les espèces d’adventices les plus nuisibles à la culture de la canne à sucre sont : Lactuca taraxacifolia ; Passiflora foetida ; Ipomoea triloba ; Calopogonium mucunoides ; Cyperus rotundus L. ; Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis ; Desmodium scorpiurus ; Merremia peltata ; Mucuna pruriens ; Mondia whitei ; Tridax procumbens ; Rottboellia cochinchinensis ; Trianthema portulacastrum ; Desmodium tortuosum. La connaissance des adventices majeures dans la culture de canne à sucre est la première étape pour la mise en oeuvre d’un itinéraire technique efficace de gestion des bioagresseurs.Mots clés : Adventices, Canne à sucre, Unités Agricoles Intégrées. English Title: Major weeds of industrial sugar cane plots of integrated agricultural units in Côte d'Ivoire This study aimed at identifying the weeds that make up the flora of industrial sugar cane plantations of the Integrated Agricultural Units of Côte d'Ivoire. It has made to establish the list of major weeds and to show their level of infestation in sugar cane farms. To carry out this work, the methodology used was to make plots of 1500 m² (30 m x 20 m). In these plots, each species encountered was evaluated by its presence and its abundance-dominance index. The majority families are those of Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Cyperaceae. Most species are Dicotyledonous with 69% dominated by Therophytes (29%). The most harmful adventitious species for the cultivation of sugar cane are: Lactuca taraxacifolia; Passiflora foetida; Ipomoea triloba; Calopogonium mucunoides; Cyperus rotundus L.; Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis ; Desmodium scorpiurus ; Merremia peltata ; Mucuna pruriens ; Mondia whitei ; Tridax procumbens ; Rottboellia cochinchinensis ; Trianthema portulacastrum ; Desmodium tortuosum. The determination of major weeds in sugarcane cultivation is the preliminary stage of effective fight against biological constraints.Keywords : Weeds, sugarcane, Integrated Agricultural

Soil contamination due to mining activities is a great concern in China. Although the effects of mining pollution resulting in changes of soil characteristics and the microbiome have been documented, studies on the responses of plant root-associated microbial assemblages remain scarce. In this work, we collected bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere samples of Cyperus rotundus L (Cyp) plants from two Pb/Zn mines, of which, one was abandoned (SL) and the other was active (GD), to investigate the bacterial community responses across different site contamination levels and Cyp plant compartments. For comparison, one unpolluted site (SD) was included. Results revealed that soils from the SL and GD sites were seriously contaminated by metal(loid)s, including Pb, Zn, As, and Sb. Bacterial richness and diversity depended on the sampling site and plant compartment. All sample types from the SL site had the lowest bacterial diversities and their bacterial communities also exhibited distinct patterns compared to GD and SD samples. As for the specific sampling site, bacterial communities from the root endosphere exhibited different patterns from those in bulk and rhizosphere soil. Compared to the GD and SD sites, the root endosphere and the rhizosphere soil from the SL site shared core microbes, including Halomonas, Pelagibacterium, and Chelativorans, suggesting that they play key roles in Cyp plant survival in such harsh environments.

African bollwormis a worldwide-spread species that shows a high degree of polyphagia and it is considered as one of the main agricultural pests in the world. Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Research Laboratory, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate the lethal effect of C. rotundusand D. stramonium on the H. armigeraand to investigate the synergistic effect of sesame oil and tested extracts by dipping methods. Five concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%) were used for each plant extract in a Completely Randomized Design. Tubers ethanolic extract of C. rotundus at 12% concentration caused 90% mortality after 72 hrs of application, whereas 12% concentration of seeds ethanolic extract of D. stramonium generate only 70% mortality after 72 hrs of exposure. When sesame oil was added to each concentration of ethanolic extract of C. rotundus and D. stramonium it exhibited a synergistic effect. In fact, the 10% concentration scored 53.3% and 76.7% mortality, however, when mixed with sesame oil the mortality increased significantly to 83.3% and 100% for D. stramonium and C. rotundus respectively after 72 hrs of exposure. This study clearly demonstrates that both tested plants have a lethal effect on the larvae of the African bollworm. However, tubers ethanolic extract of C. rotundus seems to be significantly more toxic than the seeds ethanolic extract of D. stramonium. This study also revealed that sesame oil has a synergistic effect when added to these plant extracts.

A field experiment was conducted on such a land which was previously used for fruit plant nursery rising at Agriculture, Research Institute Mingora Swat, Pakistan. The field was comprised on plentiful weeds due to no-tillage or other essential practices for weeds control from 5 to 7 years. The location was then assorted for Maize and soybean crop. The field was ploughed thrice during bunchy weeds presence. All weeds were removed mechanically and prepared seed bed for maize and soybean. After a shower in moon soon season weeds were emerged rapidly and covered the entire field. Therefore present study was designed to evaluate herbicidal efficacy in combination or alone in comparison with hand weeding and weedy check in maize crop during summer 2016. The chemical were sprayed before and after emergence. Various pre and post-emergence herbicide “Click 72.4 SE” pre-emergence (acetyclour + atrazine), “Sun 75% WDG” post emergence (Nicosulfuron), “Sun 75% WDG + Atrazin 38% SC” post emergence (Nicosulfuron) + (atrazine) and “Click 72.4 SE + Sun 75% WDG” pre and post emergence (acetyclour + atrazine) + (Nicosulfuron) were tested. The experiment was included on seven treatments regarding weeds control: W1 = Weedy check, W2 = acetyclour + atrazine, W3 = atrazine, W4 = Nicosulfuron, W5 = Nicosulfuron + atrazine, W6 = acetyclour + atrazine, + Nicosulfuron and W7 = manual hoeing. Main weeds were Cyperus rotundus, Tribulus terrestris, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cyndon dactylon. The results showed that the most effective treatment in controlling weed, reducing the dry matter of weed and reducing weeds biomass was manual hoeing followed by “Click 72.4 SE + Sun 75% WDG” pre and post-emergence (acetyclour + atrazine) + (Nicosulfuron) which effectively controlled weeds as compared to weedy check plot. The study concludes that manual hoeing and “Click 72.4 SE + Sun 75% WDG” pre and post-emergence (acetyclour + atrazine) + (Nicosulfuron) can be more effective as compare to all other treatments without effecting maize grain yield.

Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild e uma importante especie florestal na regiao semiarida utilizada como planta ornamental em virtude de sua beleza, conforto termico de sua sombra e a peculiaridade de manter suas folhas verdes mesmo em periodos de seca. O uso de sementes de S. joazeiro para a producao de mudas tem como limitacoes a dificuldade de obtencao dos propagulos de dispersao em periodos de longa estiagem e o armazenamento. Neste contexto, a propagacao clonal pela tecnica de miniestaquia surge como uma alternativa de elevado potencial. Esta pesquisa e alusiva a analise da eficiencia de diferentes concentracoes de extrato de tuberculos de Cyperus rotundus L. no enraizamento e no crescimento inicial da muda clonada pelo processo de miniestaquia. Nao foi constatada diferencas significativas entre os tratamentos para a porcentagem de enraizamento de miniestacas (P > 0,05), obtendo-se uma media de 98,0%. Isto mostra que para o enraizamento de propagulos originados de matriz juvenil da especie nao ha necessidade do uso de extrato de C. rotundus . A porcentagem de enraizamento das miniestacas apicais atingiu uma media ligeiramente superior (100,0%) em relacao ao enraizamento das basais (97,0%), porem, sem diferenca significativa (P > 0,05).

Background: The carcinogenic substance 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was commonly used to induce tumor formation in rodents. The development of tumor may trigger higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn supports tumor progression. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Cyperus rotundus extract (CRE) that was reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. We focused on investigating the levels of activated T lymphocytes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines expressed by macrophages. Methods: Female BALB/c were injected with DMBA subcutaneously. The DMBA exposed mice were given CRE orally in three different doses; 63.33, 158.4, and 316.8 mg/kg. After 14 days, the levels of activated T lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using flow cytometry. Graphical analysis was done with FlowJo v10 and followed by statistical analysis. Results: The treatment of CRE reduced the population of CD4 and CD8 T cells. The number of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells were also significantly suppressed. The population of macrophages marked by CD11b cells was significantly reduced. Finally, the CRE treatment suppressed the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 expressed by macrophages. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CRE could be a potential agent useful in therapeutic approaches for curing the disease caused by aberrant cells.

Purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in plasticulture tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in Iran as it is difficult to control due to its ability to penetrate plastic mulch. Field trials were carried out at the experimental area of the state farm Safadasht, Shahriar region, Iran, over the fall of 2015 and spring of 2016 to investigate PRE- and POST herbicide programs (PRE transplanting, POST transplanting, and combination of PRE- and POST transplanting) to control purple nut sedge in plasticulture tomato production. PRE herbicide treatment metribuzin and (S)-metolachlor were not effective when applied alone, and did not reduce purple nut sedge plants compared to the weedy control. POST transplanting application of halosulfuron did not significantly affect purple nut sedge plants at 12 wk after application (WAA) in the fall 2015, but treatment favorably reduced density of purple nut sedge at 16 WAA in both seasons. PRE transplanting application of metribuzin or (S)-metolachlor plus POST halosulfuron exerted the greatest control, and purple nut sedge numbers were eventually diminished in both seasons. Experimental treatments did not negatively affect tomato height and yields. Based on our findings, multiple PRE and POST herbicide programs were effective in greater purple nut sedge suppression compared to the lone application of PRE and POST herbicides. The herbicides were selected due to routine use by tomato producers in the area. Using active ingredients from the various herbicide families with different modes of action could facilitate effective management of herbicide-resistant purple nut sedge in tomato fields.

Vicarchika is a type of Kushta Roga (skin disease). It can be correlated with eczema. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the bacteria which cause skin diseases. Siddhartaka Snana is a herbal bath that is described in Charaka Samhita as a treatment for Kushta Roga. Siddhartaka Snana is a herbal preparation which consists ten herbs namely; Cyperus rotundus, Catunaregum spinosa, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellarica, Cassia fistula, Pongamia pinnata, Holarrhena antidysentrica, Alastonia scholaris and Coscinum fenestratum. Antibacterial effect of Siddhartaka Snana against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are responsible for skin diseases was studied using disc diffusion method and well diffusion methods. In disc diffusion method, no inhibition zone was observed with any of the tested bacteria. However, an inhibition zone of 9.67mm was observed against Staphylococcus aureus in well diffusion method with Siddhartaka Snana. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Siddhartaka Snana against Staphylococcus aureus was 0.9225 mg/1ml. Ingredients of Siddhartaka Snana contain tannins, phenols and flavonoids, all of which possess antibacterial properties. Antibacterial effect of Siddhartaka Snana may have been exhibited due to actions of these phytochemicals. It was concluded that Siddhartaka Snana has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Forestry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi season 2019-20 to find out the effect of weed management on weeds and productivity of Chickpea under Jatropha based Agroforestry. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 12 herbicidal treatments consisted of Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1), Imazathaper (900 g ha-1), Atrazine (1000 g ha-1), Metribuzin (300 g ha-1), Oxyflorfen (100 g ha-1), Pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) fb Imazathaper (450 g ha-1), Pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1), Metribuzin (150 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1), Atrazine (500 g ha-1) fb Metribuzin (150 g ha-1), Imazathaper (450 g ha-1) fb Atrazine (500 g ha-1), hand weeding (30 DAS) and Weedy check (control). The field was infested with 4 major weed species Medicago denticulata Willd., Vicia sativa L., Cynodon dactylon L., and Cyperus rotundus L. Minimum weed density per m2 (7.53) and weed dry weight (5.42 q ha-1), was found under hand weeding 30DAS over weedy check. Minimum dry weight of weeds was found under hand weeding (30 DAS) 5.42q ha-1 as compare to weedy check (control) 16.84q ha-1). The highest weed control efficiency was found in hand weeding (30DAS) 89.75%, Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 78.50 %, Atrazine (1000 g ha-1) 67.67 %, Oxyflorfen (100 g ha-1) 66.83 %, and Metribuzin (150 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1) 65.41%. The loss of grain yield was significantly reduced where weeds were control by Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 11.16 %, and Metribuzin (150 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1) 11.19 %. Amongst the different herbicidal treatments higher seed yield was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 12.54 q ha-1, higher stover yield was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 37.46 q ha-1, higher crop biomass was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 50.00 q ha-1 and higher harvest index was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 24.99 % as compared to other treatments. The perusal data showed that higher harvest index was found under hand weeding (30DAS) 25.06 % which was significantly superior over weedy check (control) 18.74 % and rest of the weed control treatments. Pre emergence herbicides and hand weeding can further enhance the weed suppressive effect of the crop under Jatropha based Agroforestry.

Cyperus rotundus L. (Nutgrass, family Cyperaceae) is a notorious weed which is widespread in temperate tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Owing to its richness and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents. Since 1965, a total of about 192 compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, aromatics and aliphatic fatty acids have been characterized. This review summarizes the bioactivities and mechanism of action of some of the compounds from C. rotundus L.

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Forestry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi season 2019-20 to find out the effect of weed management on nutrient utilization by Chickpea and weeds under Jatropha based Agroforestry. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 12 herbicidal treatments consisted of Pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1, Imazathaper 900 g ha-1, Atrazin 1000 g ha-1, Metribuzin 300 g ha-1, Oxyflorfen 100 g ha-1, Pendimethalin 500 g ha-1 fb Imazathaper 450 g ha-1, Pendimethalin 500 g ha-1 fb Oxyflorfen 50 g ha-1, Metribuzin 150 g ha-1 fb Oxyflorfen 50 g ha-1, Atrazin 500 g ha-1 fb Metribuzin 150 g ha-1, Imazathaper 450 g ha-1 fb Atrazin 500 g ha-1, hand weeding (30 DAS) and Weedy check (control). The nutrient absorption by crop and weeds is significantly influence by different herbicidal treatments. The result revealed that there were different variations in nutrients absorption by weeds. The highest nutrient absorption by chickpea seed was observed in hand weeding (42.6: 9.22: 19.2) and minimum was in weedy check (14.3: 2.22: 7.25). The highest nutrient absorption by stover was observed in hand weeding (44.4: 10.6: 32.8) and minimum was in weedy check (23.7: 2.93: 18.2). The maximum nutrient absorption of hand weeding (87.07: 19.85: 50.48) and minimum was in weedy check (38.15: 5.16: 24.85) of total (seed + stover). Among different herbicidal treatments application of Pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 was found the highest (66.37: 13.85: 42.29) and lowest was in Imazathaper 900 g ha-1 (49.12: 7.06: 29.:39) of total (seed + stover). Weedy check recorded significantly higher nutrient absorption of weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon (4.52: 2.40: 3.46 NPK kg ha-1), Cyperus rotundus (3.03: 1.41: 7.41), Medicago arabica (24.23: 3.34: 31.33), and Vicia sativa (15.77: 2.57: 24.37). Hand weeding (30DAS) recorded significantly lower nutrient absorption by weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon (0.59: 0.28: 1.78), Cyperus rotundus (0.29: 0.11: 0.77), Medicago arabica (2.14: 0.30: 2.86), and Vicia sativa (1.46: 0.21: 2.27 K) Lower absorption of nutrient in these treatments attributed to lower weeds density and dry weight. The maximum nutrient absorption of total weeds in weedy check (47.60: 9.72: 76.67) and minimum was in hand weeding (4.48: 0.91: 7.65). Among different herbicidal treatments application of application of Imazathaper 450 g ha-1 fb Atrazin 500 g ha-1 was found the highest (21.31: 4.20: 36.51) and lowest was in Metribuzin 150 g ha-1 fb Oxyflorfen 50 g ha-1 (13.44: 3.09: 24.80).

Varios trabalhos evidenciam a funcao bioherbicida do extrato foliar de eucalipto sobre a germinacao de sementes de diversas especies de plantas, entretanto sao escassas as pesquisas sobre a sua eficiencia no controle da tiririca ( Cyperus rotundus L.), planta espontânea de dificil controle. Neste contexto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito alelopatico do extrato foliar de eucalipto (EFE) na germinacao de sementes de tiririca. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, utilizando como tratamento 5 concentracoes de EFE, 0% (testemunha), 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, com 5 repeticoes, sendo que cada repeticao abrangia 10 sementes maduras de tiririca dispostas em placa de petri com 5 ml da solucao. Decorridos 10 (dez) dias da aplicacao do EFE, foi avaliado o percentual de germinacao utilizando-se a analise de regressao. A maxima dose aplicada de EFE reduz significativamente a emissao da radicela do embriao, promovendo efeito antagonico.

espanolEl objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar las arvenses del banco de semillas de agroecosistemas representativos de la region tropical denominada Frailesca, en el estado de Chiapas, Mexico. Los sistemas definidos estuvieron representados por los suelos de vega (margenes de los rios), potreros (pastizales), terrenos intermedios para el cultivo de maiz y en sucesion secundaria (acahual). La metodologia se fundamento en la germinacion directa, para lo cual se obtuvieron muestras compuestas de suelo a tres profundidades (0-10, 10-20 y 20-30 cm), las cuales se colocaron en charolas de 50 x 30 x 10 cm, ubicandolas en invernadero para evitar su contaminacion, proporcionandoles riegos regulares. Cada sistema estuvo representado por tres replicas, 36 unidades de muestreo totales. Las variables evaluadas fueron numero de especies e individuos emergidos, densidad y dominancia relativa, diversidad floristica y similitud de comunidades y efectos alelopaticos de las arvenses dominantes. Los resultados indican que los sistemas manejados intensivamente para actividades agricolas, especificamente terrenos de vega e intermedios para el monocultivo de maiz, presentaron bancos de semillas mas dinamicos, lo cual sucede en los primeros 10 cm de profundidad. Las especies de arvenses dominantes de los bancos evaluados fueron Cyperus rotundus L. y Melampodium divaricatum Rich. La diversidad floristica determino indices similares entre los sistemas y profundidades. La mayor similitud entre comunidades se presento en los agroecosistemas manejados con el cultivo maiz. No se determinaron efectos alelopaticos de las especies dominantes sobre la germinacion y crecimiento de los cultivos representativos de la region. EnglishThe objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of weeds of the seed bank in the representative agro-ecosystems of the tropical region of Frailesca, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The systems studied were: the fertile soils (river banks), paddock (grasslands), intermediate lands for the cultivation of corn and in secondary succession (acahual). The methodology of weed characterization consisted on direct seed germination of seed of weed from three soil layers: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Soil samples from these soil layers were placed in trays of 50 x 30 x 10 cm. Each system and soil layer were replicated three times with a total of 36 total sampling units (trays). Trays were placed in a greenhouse and contamination with other seeds was avoided. The variables evaluated were the number of emerged weed species and the number of individuals per weed species, density and relative dominance, floristic diversity and community similarities, and allelopathic effects of the dominant weeds. The results indicate that the intensively managed systems with agricultural activities specifically in fertile and intermediate lands for corn monoculture presented more dynamic seed banks, which occurred in the first 10 cm depth of the soil. The dominant weed species were Cyperus rotundus L. and Melampodium divaricatum Rich. Floristic diversity determined similar indices between systems and depths. The greatest similarities between communities was found among the agroecosystems managed at corn cultivation. No allelopathic effects of the dominant species on the germination and growth of the representative crops in the region were determined.

The experiment was conducted at Jute Agriculture Experimental Station (JAES), Manikganj and Jute Research Regional Station, Faridpur during 2019 to find out the effect of weeding and herbicide management on fibre yield and yield attributes of Tossa jute (Var. O-9897) cultivation. Two herbicide treatments, such as; W1 = Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Whip Super 9 EC) and W2 = Ethoxysulfuron (Sunrice ® 150WG) were tested. There were 14 treatments. T1- T6 treatments did not include hand weeding which was done 20 days after the herbicide spray [T1 = 100% recommended doses (RD) of both W1and W2 where W2 was sprayed one day after that of W1, T 2 = 50% dose both of W1and W2 where W2 was sprayed one day after that of W1, T3 = 100% dose of both W1 and W2 where both of the herbicide mixed together and sprayed on the same day, T4 = 50% dose of both W1 and W2 where mixture of both were sprayed on the same day, T5 = only 100% dose of W1, T6 = only 100% dose of W2]. The treatments T7 - T12 included one had weeding following the application of herbicides [T7 = 100% dose both of W1 and W2 where W2 was sprayed 1 day after that of W1, T8 = 50% dose both of W1 and W2 where W2 was sprayed 1 day after of W1, T9 = 100% dose both of W1 and W2 were mixed and sprayed together on the same day, T10 = 50% dose both of W1 and W2 mixed together and sprayed same day, T11 = only 100% dose of W1, T12 = only 100% dose of W2]. The treatments T13 and T14 did not include herbicide application [T13 = Two hand weeding (20-25 and 45-50 DAS) and T14 = control with no herbicide application]. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Results revealed that Khudesama (Echinochloa colonum) and Angulighash (Digitaria sanguinalis), Khudesama and Mutha (Cyperus rotundus) were best controlled by herbicide application. T3 gave highest fibre yield of 1.89 tha-1 when W1 and W2 sprayed at the same day with 100% RD. In case of one weeding 20 days after spray fibre yield and stick yield were differed significantly as compared to those of control at Manikganj. Treatment T7 gave highest fibre yield (3.11 t ha-1) when W2 sprayed after 1 day of W1 with 100% RD. At Faridpur, T3 gave the highest fibre yield (2.68 t ha-1) when W1 and W2 sprayed at the same day with 100% RD. Incase of one weeding 20 days after spray, T7 gave highest fiber yield (2.79 t ha-1) when W2 was sprayed 1 day after that of W1 with 100% RD. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 101-106

A field study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the effect of integrated weed management on weed dynamics under semidry rice. The associated weed flora in semidry rice includes Trianthema portulacastram, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alternanthera sessilis, Digera arvensis, Corchorus capsularis as broad leaved weeds; Echinocloa colona as grass; Cyperus rotundus as sedge. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g a.i ha-1 PE fb chlorimuron ethyl + metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g a.i ha-1 + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl @ 60 g a.i ha-1 PoE was found effective among all the herbicidal treatments in reducing weed density and dry matter with maximum grain yield and B:C ratio.

This study aims to determine the effect of local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on weed density, growth and yield of sweet corn in marginal soils. This study used a randomized block design with local AMF propagules which consisted of 4 levels: 0 g/planting hole or control (A 0 ), 15 g/planting hole (A 1 ), 30 g/planting hole (A 2 ) and 45 g/planting hole (A 3 ). The research parameters observed were: weed density, plant height, stem diameter, crop yield, and the percentage of AMF infection in the roots of corn plants. The results showed that the highest weed dominance value at the age of 14 DAP was Cyperus rotundus as 36.8% in treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A 3) , age 56 DAP the highest weed dominance value was Hyptis capitata as 47.1% in the treatment of AMF 30 g/planting hole. The best plant height and stem diameter were found in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting holes (A 3 ) at 56 DAP, the average plant height reached 234.05 cm and the average stem diameter reached 3.72 cm. Increased production of corn plants that were given local AMF ranged from 2.70 to 3.10 tons ha -1 or an average increase in overall corn crop production of 2.86 tons ha -1 . The average percentage of mycorrhiza fungi infections in the highest roots of corn plants in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A 3 ) as 94%. Key words : Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; vesicles; hypha; maize; ultisols

The present work aimed to assess the ability of plant species namely, Schoenoplectus litoralis and Cyperus rotundus belonging to family Cyperaceae in bioremoval of heavy metals from polluted soil by As, Pb, Cd, Zn. Soil planted with both plant species was regularly irrigated (twice a week) by water containing different concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm of the metals in a laboratory experiment. The tested metals residues were determined in the shoot and root system of plants after 45 days and expressed as mg/g dry weight of the plant. C. rotundus had a high power for absorbing and accumulating heavy metals from the contaminated soil by higher rate by roots than by shoot system (root: As 183 mg/g, Pb 82 mg/g, Cd 122 mg/g, and Zn 137 mg/g, shoot: As 145 mg/g, Pb 512 mg/g, Cd102 mg/g, and Zn 110 mg/g ). S. litoralis absorbed and accumulated heavy metals from soil in less amount (root: As 148 mg/g, Pb 46 mg/g, Cd 113 mg/g, and Zn 127 mg/g, shoot: As 132 mg/g, Pb 44 mg/g, Cd 100 mg/g, and Zn 105 mg/g). The bioaccumulation power increased with the increase of heavy metal concentrations in soil and with the time exposure in the both plant species.

Sixty Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) were used in the present study. It was conducted out in the animal house of the Department of Biology/College of Education for Women. The mice were infected with Entamoeba histolytica isolated from positive stool samples obtained from children in pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city governorate followed by treatment with aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus and Thymus serpyllum. Results revealed a significant increase of P < 0.05 in immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G,, and immunoglobulin M antibody levels among infected mice when it was compared with the control and treated groups of aqueous extracts of studied plant. This indicates the efficacy of these extracts as treatment.

The purpose of this research that has been carried out is to analyze the diversity of morphology of stem modification (caulis) in the Sub-District of East Lubuklinggau I. The technique of collecting the data that has been carried out by observation. The data obtained from the study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study have found 29 species, namely 12 species that have cirrhus, namely Pisum sativum, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna sinensis, Ipomoea batatas, Piper betle, Cucumis sativus, Momordica charantia, Cucurbita moschata, Passiflora quadrangularis, Cylea barbata, Vitis vinifera, Mikania micrantha, 7 species that have rhizomes, namely Cyperus rotundus, Etlingera hemisphaerica, Alpinia galangal, Kaempferia galangal, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber cassumunar, and Curcuma domestica, 4 species that have geragih, namely Cyperus rotundus, Marsilea crenata, Fragaria vesca and Solanum tuberosum , 4 species that have tuber namely Ipomoea batatas, Colocasia esculenta, Cyperus rotundus, and Solanum tuberosum, 3 species that spina, namely Solanum torvum, Hylocereus costaricensis, and Mammillaria xanaea, 1 species that has a bulb namely Amaryllis fariegata temporal sangat tinggi (Servina and 1 species that has tuber namely Musa paradisiaca, and diversity index (H') is 1.284 categorized as medium diversity.

Background: The leaves and rhizome extracts of Cyperus rotundus Linn. popularly called “Nut grass” in many Nigerian communities have been extensively used in local food preparation and in treatment purposes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical contents, proximate nutritional composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaves and rhizome extracts of C. rotundus. Methodology: The disease-free plant materials were collected from a farm in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Preparation of the plant material, methanolic and aqueous extracts; bacterial culture, isolation, microscopy and biochemical identification; phytochemical screening and proximate nutritional analysis were done according to standard methods, while screening for antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion technique. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed the presence of bioactive compounds at varying amounts such as glycosides, tannins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins and phlobatannins. The proximate nutritional and elemental analysis of C. rotundus extracts showed high presence of B-carotene (164.3 ± 0.02), Vitamin A (109.25 ± 0.01) and carbohydrate (59.0 ± 0.01) with moderate content of lipid (24.25 ± 0.02) and moisture (9.10 ± 0.01) as well as contents of some mineral elements such as Ca, K and P occurring in the range literature values in mg per 100 g dry weight of the plant sample. The methanol and aqueous extracts of C. rotundus showed varying diameter of zones of inhibition on the test organism. The observable inhibitory effect of the plant extracts on the test organism was more pronounced with methanol extracts as indicated by the diameter of zones of inhibition in mm in the order of 22.0>14.0>13.0 for P. mirabilis, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively compared to the aqueous extract. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown the antimicrobial, therapeutic and nutritional potential of the leaves and rhizome extracts of C. rotundus. It could possibly find application as a good alternative antibacterial agent, nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.

Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures were synthesized using Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus grass extracts. XRD analysis revealed formation of end-centered monoclinic structured CuO with high crystallinity. SEM images of CuO nanostructure prepared by C. dactylon grass extract disclosed rice spikelet-like morphology, while CuO nanostructure synthesized by C. rotundus grass extract exhibited composite morphology with nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoprisms. EDAX spectra clearly revealed presence of Cu and O elements that confirms purity of CuO nanostructures. Strong absorption peaks observed in FTIR spectra of monoclinic CuO nanostructures revealed high purity of CuO nanostructures synthesized by grass extracts. Potential antibacterial activity exhibited by CuO nanostructures against Gram negative Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial species with zone of inhibition of 28 mm can be ascribed to diverse factors, such as mechanical damage, oxidative injury and gene toxicity. Thus, C. dactylon and C. rotundus grass extracts can be regarded as sustainable and abundant natural resources towards green synthesis of CuO nanostructures for potential antibacterial applications.

O crescimento da agricultura orgânica, associado às mudanças de padrões de consumo e exigência dos consumidores evidencia um aumento da demanda por alimentos livres de resíduos de agrotóxicos e que apresentem menores riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. No entanto, por outro lado, a disponibilidade de métodos alternativos ao controle químico de plantas daninhas, entre outros organismos indesejáveis aos cultivos, ainda é um grande desafio. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plantas daninhas, oriundas de propágulos presentes no solo. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade de Cuiabá, entre os dias 18/01/2018 e 22/02/2018. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos testados correspondem a cinco tempos de solarização do solo, sendo esses: testemunha (sem solarização), solarização por 7 dias, 14 dias, 21 dias e 28 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a solarização pode ser aplicada para a supressão de plantas daninhas. Os efeitos são variados e dependem do tempo de solarização e da espécie da planta. A solarização do solo por 14 dias demonstrou redução acima de 90% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Cyperus rotundus e a solarização por 28 dias demonstrou redução de aproximadamente 70% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Chamaesyce hirta. Palavras-chave: Solarização. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Controle Alternativo. Abstract The growth of organic agriculture, associated with changes in consumption patterns and consumer’s demand, shows an increase in demand for food free from residues of pesticides and have lower risks to health and the environment. But on the other hand, the availability of alternative methods to chemical weed control, and other unwanted organisms to crops, is still a big challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization on growth and early development of weed plants from seedlings in the soil. The experiment was conducted at University of Cuiabá, between 01/18/2018 and 02/22/2018. A completely randomized design was adopted with five treatments and five replications. The treatments correspond to five times of soil solarization, namely : control (no solarization), solarization for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The results showed that the solarisation can be applied to the weeds removal. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. Keywords: Solarization. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Alternative Control

Weeds such as Cyperus rotundus L. dan Ageratum conyzoides L. release allelopatic compounds which can inhibit the growth of crops. The aim of this study was to compare the inhibition of allelopatic compounds contained C. rotundus L. and A. conyzoides root exctract to Brassica rapa L. growth. This study was conducted in a greenhouse and was based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was type of root extracts (extract from either C. rotundus root or A. conyzoides root) and the second factor was concentration of root extract. Root extract concentrations added to growth medium of B. rapa L. 10 days after planting were 0, 100, 300 and 500 g/L respectifely. The addition of root extract was repeated every week until crop harvested. The results showed that there was not significantly different between C. rotundus and A. conyzoides roots extract to inhibit B. rapa growth. Increassing of root extract concentrations from both roots increased inhibition of B. rapa growth.

Glyphosate is one of herbicide active ingredient which is mostly used to control weeds in crops. However, in rain season herbicide effectiveness decreases as it is washed by rain. This research aimed to study effect of rainfall intensity on the effectiveness of herbicide (Round up 486 SL 2.5 l/ha.) with isopropilamina glyphosate as the active ingredient in controlling specific weeds Ageratum conyzoides, Rottboellia exaltata, and Cyperus rotundus. The experiment was consisted of six treatments and arranged in randomized block design with 8 replications. The treatments were level of rain intensity which were 5 mm/hour, 10 mm/hour, 20 mm/hour, 40 mm/hour, no rain and control (no herbicide no rain). Rainfall intensity was determined by conducting simulation trials prior to the treatments and applied 30 minutes after herbicide applications. The results showed that herbicide effectiveness decreased as the rainfall intensity incresed, even though with longer time the herbicide was still able to control the weeds. The effect of rainfall intensity on herbicide effectiveness was different for different weeds. Up to intensity 40 mm/hour herbicide was capable to control weeds but with level of weeds destruction 20-60%.

Purpose: To study the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of a novel 3,9-peroxsesquiterpene-15-Oglucoside from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes, against HeLa cell line and selected strains of microorganisms. Methods: The rhizomes were macerated with methanol and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed together with chemical analysis of the fractions. The 3,9-peroxysesquiterpene-15-O-glucoside was purified through column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction, and its purity was determined via reversephase HPLC. Structural elucidation was done with Infrared (IR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) spectroscopic analyses. Results: The isolated compound exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal activities against S. aureus and C. albicans at concentration, respectively, in the range of 32 – 100 μg/mL, while MTT assay results showed the cytotoxicity of the compound against eukaryotic (HeLa) cell line (IC50, 88.32 μg/mL). Conclusion: The isolated metabolite from the methanol extract of C. rotundus rhizome exhibits bactericidal, fungicidal, and cytotoxic potential. However, further studies are required to ascertain its suitability for use as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Terpenoids, Column chromatography, Spectroscopy, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Cyperus rotundus

Nowadays obesity is the major health problem due to food habit and life style of people. Nature and natural compounds possess lots of health benefits. To explore the therapeutic benefit of Cyperus rotundus in this work, we have evaluated the anti-obesity potential on Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obese rats. Methanolic extract of tubers of Cyperus rotundus was administered at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg/oral after 45 d of treatment and a significant improvement in body weight, organs and lipid profile was observed as compared with MSG induced obese rats. Nowadays obesity is a common metabolic disorder in developed and developing countries. It was observed that Cyperus rotundus tuber possesses anti-obesity potential and protective action on heart and liver.

Previous studies stated that the solution of purple nut sedge tuber powder has the potential as a pre-emergence bioherbicide to control broad-leaf weeds. This study aimed to: determine an effective concentration level of tuber powder solution, find out information on the types of effective surfactants in order to be mixed in tuber powder solutions in inhibiting germination, and find out the interaction between the tuber solution and the addition of surfactants towards the germination of plant seeds. This study was conducted from February to April 2019 in a greenhouse at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two-factors and three replications. The first factor was the type of surfactants, consisting of A0 (with no surfactant), A1 Tween 80, A2 Triethanolamine (TEA), and A3 Nonylphenol 10 (NP10) with 2% concentration. The second factor was the solution concentration, including K0 (control), K1 (45 g L-1), K2 (90 g L-1), and K3 (135 g L-1). The results showed that the tuber powder solution significantly affected several germination parameters. In addition to suppressing the percentage of germinating seeds, the solution of tuber powder could also inhibit the growth rate and increased the percentage of abnormal sprouts. The response to the concentrations used was linear and still ineffective enough for suppressing seed germination. In this study, the types of surfactants used were unable to increase the effectiveness of the tuber powder solution as a bioherbicide. Lettuce and Asystasia gangetica broad leafy plants are more sensitive to the treatment than paddy rice. Keywords: allelopathy, Asystasia gangetica, bioherbicide, Cyperus rotundus, sustainable agriculture

Weeds are one of the most important biological constraint to cotton production, and resulting in a yield losses of up to 90%. The evolution of hundreds of resistant weed species, the lack of new herbicide chemistries, and the increase in weed management costs are all making weed management more arduous for the growers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of allelopathic crop water extracts (ACWEs) alone and in combination with one third rate of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) for effective weed management in cotton. The treatments investigated were; weedy check, sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + brassica + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, sorghum + brassica WE + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, and S-metolachlor at recommended rate of 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1. Results revealed that pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1 was the best treatment in terms of effective dry biomass reduction (40%) of Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus, and increase in seed cotton yield (12%). The second best treatment was sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i. ha−1 with yield increase of 11% over the weedy control. In comparison, S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 recorded only 4% decrease in weeds dry biomass reduction and 8% increase in seed cotton yield. Hence, it can be predicted that binary combination of sorghum and brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 or binary combination of sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 with one third dose of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) can be used for effective weed management and increase in seed cotton yield. Furthermore, adoption of this technique will also reduce the herbicide application, which is not only beneficial for the ecosystem but, also minimize the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed species. Keywords: Allelopathy, Chemical weed control, Herbicide, Weeds, Biomass, Seed cotton yield, Environment

The present study assessed the phytotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the essential oil (EO) extracted from aboveground parts of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 39 compounds constituting 99.67% of the EO. The EO was rich in monoterpenoids (mostly oxygenated monoterpenes), which accounted for 89.28% of the oil. The major components in EO were monoterpene ketones such as piperitone oxide (53.83%) and piperitenone oxide (11.52%), followed by thymol (5.80%), and (E)-caryophyllene (4.88%). The phytotoxic activities of EO were estimated against Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Oryza sativa (rice) through pre- and post-emergence assays at concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 μg/ml and 0.5-5%, respectively. In pre-emergence assay, the phytotoxic effect of EO was most pronounced on C. rotundus, thereby significantly affecting percent germination, plantlet growth, and chlorophyll content. On the contrary, the impact was comparatively lesser on rice, with ~ 40% germination in response to 250 μg/ml of EO treatment. In the post-emergence assay, the spray treatment of EO caused a loss of chlorophyll and wilting in test plants, and subsequently affected the growth of plants, even leading to death in some cases. The cytotoxic activity of EO (at 2.5-50 μg/ml) was studied in meristem cells in onion (Allium cepa L.) root tips. EO exposure to the onion roots induced various chromosomal aberrations such as chromosomal bridges, c-mitosis, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, etc., and negatively affected the mitotic index. At 50 μg/ml, EO treatment triggered the complete death of roots. The study concludes that M. longifolia EO has phytotoxic activities due to the mito-depressive effect, along with other physiological effects on target plants. Therefore, EO of M. longifolia could be developed into a novel bioherbicide for sustainable management of weeds in agricultural systems.

Background: Chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle, ethanolic extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum root and Cyperus rotundus rhizome were evaluated against plasmid mediated multidrug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. isolated from unstimulated saliva of chronic periodontitis. The main aim of the current study centres the reduction of antibiotic consumption and the development of natural compounds to combat multidrug resistance. Methods: Identification of bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid stability and plasmid curing was carried out for the characterization of resistance plasmids. Results: E. faecalis showed 89% of sensitivity to chitosan nanoparticle, chitosan 81%, C. Rotundus 69% and A. pyrethrum 62% for S. aureus, with the MIC >100 µg/ml. In comparison with the antimicrobials tested, maximum resistance to tetracycline (89%) for E. faecalis, is followed by ampicillin (87%) and tetracycline (81%) for S. aureus. Meanwhile, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (80%) for Bacillus sp. The plasmid stability for E. faecalis (20%), S. aureus (C. rotundus>chitosan>A. pyrethrum. Conclusion: Chitosan, Chitosan nanoparticle, C. rotundus, and A. pyrethrum offered a greater potential in eliminating plasmid mediated resistance acquired by periodontal pathogens, thus addressing this crisis in dentistry.

O Ipe amarelo ( Handroanthus chrysotrichus ) de alto valor economico e ornamental, muito empregado na arborizacao urbana, apresenta uma madeira com caracteristicas nobre de alta qualidade que vem chamando a atencao para seu uso em sistemas integrados como ILPF e SAFs, sua reproducao se da exclusivamente por sementes, podendo produzir mudas desuniformes com baixa qualidade para seu uso nesses sistemas, onde a propagacao por estaquia pode ser uma alternativa de producao mais uniforme. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a aplicacao do extrato aquoso dos tuberculos de Tiririca ( Cyperus rotundus ) como fito hormonio na formacao de raizes em estacas de Ipe Amarelo, avaliando as taxas de enraizamento, quantidade e comprimento de raizes. As estacas foram imersas por 10 minutos em 4 doses do extrato de Cyperus rotundus (5, 10, 25 e 50%) e em agua como forma de controle. A aplicacao do extrato promoveu acrescimos no desempenho radicular e nas taxas de enraizamento, conforme foi aumentando a dose, maior foi as medias obtidas, onde a dose de 50% promoveu melhores desempenhos.

Handroanthus chrysotrichus denominado popularmente de Ipe Amarelo, especie nativa de ampla distribuicao geografica, presente no bioma da mata atlântica, sendo de alto valor economico, muito empregado na arborizacao urbana e recuperacoes de areas degradadas. Apresenta uma madeira de alta densidade, muito procurada na construcao civil e movelarias, evidenciando-se para o seu cultivo em sistemas integrados, tais como ILPF e consorciados com outras especies em SAFs. Sua propagacao se da atraves de sementes, que acaba fornecendo mudas desuniformes e de baixa qualidade para a introducao nesses sistemas. A propagacao vegetativa via estaquia geralmente apresenta baixo teor de enraizamento, que pode ser aumentado atraves da propagacao via miniestaquia, aplicando -se fito hormonios. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a aplicacao de fito hormonio do extrato aquoso dos tuberculos de tiririca ( Cyperus rotundus ) na formacao de raizes em miniestacas de Ipe Amarelo, avaliando o desempenho, comprimento e quantidade de raizes. As miniestacas foram imersas sob o extrato de Cyperus rotundus em quatro doses diferentes (5, 10, 25 e 50%) e em agua por dez minutos como forma de controle. A reproducao vegetativa via miniestacas apresentou-se viavel, e o extrato influenciou no desempenho de enraizamento e produtividade radiculares.

Cyperus rotundus (nut grass in English) is a perennial erect sedge plant and is distributed in over 90 countries of the world, where it has been mostly classified as a highly invasive weed. Despite this classification, the plant has been considered from traditional times to be medicinally important. The traditional uses of the plant in various countries include uses against various gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, and neurological disorders. Evaluation of the plant and especially its rhizomes in a scientific manner has revealed the presence of numerous phytochemicals and wide-ranging pharmacological activities, which include anti-microbial, gastrointestinal, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-pyretic activity. The scientific validation of a number of traditional uses strongly indicates that the plant may prove useful in the discovery of a number of lead compounds and novel drugs.

Cyperus rotondus tubers possess substances with allelopathic qualities. Some of these substances can act as synergists of plant hormones and be used for root induction in cuttings. This study aimed to shed light on the development and rooting of Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings treated with C. rotondus (nutgrass) tuber extract and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% nutgrass extract and 0; 50; 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L-1 of IAA), with four repetitions per treatment and four cuttings per plot. Plantlet height, stem width and root length were measured. The greatest width and height values were recorded for the control (0% nutgrass extract and 0 mg L-1 of IAA), indicating that these substances did not contribute to the development of these variables. However, treatments of nutgrass extract up to 50% were associated with greater root length. C. rotundus extract concentrations of 53% can be used to improve root development in E. urophylla cuttings, and contribute to the production of higher quality plantlets.

Background: Purple nutsedge is a weed that has a tough profuse underground tuber system, and is predominantly a perennial species in many crops. Objective: To evaluate the influence of different water regimes to the effectiveness of herbicides used for controlling the purple nutsedge. Methods: Experiment was arranged in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a two-factor factorial design and three replications. The net-house tests were conducted with six treatments and two different water regimes of “watered daily” and “watered weekly”. The tested herbicides were florpyrauxifen-benzyl, halosulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D and glyphosate. Results: Water shortage reduced the weed control efficacy of four tested herbicides. Herbicide efficacy improved when plants were watered daily, the high level of sedge biomass reduction at 60 DAT observed in florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (50 g a.i ha-1) treatment. Glyphosate (480 g ai.ha-1) and 2,4-D (360 g ai.ha-1) exhibited moderate control efficacy on purple nutsedge under daily watered condition. Conclusions: The water regime was a critical component of purple nutsedge herbicide control program. Maintaining soil moisture by watering daily improved the herbicide efficiency and reliability for the management of purple nutsedge.