Search

Vegetable intercropping systems use complementarity between species to increase agricultural profitability. This study evaluated the effects of intercropping chicory and arugula species with collard greens on crop yield and land use efficiency (LUE). Six treatments, consisting of species planted as monocultures or intercropped in various combinations, were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates. The cultivars ‘Top Bunch’ (collard greens), ‘Pão de Açúcar’ (chicory) and ‘Folha Larga’ (arugula) were used. The yield of collard greens in monoculture did not differ from those obtained when they were intercropped with chicory, arugula, or both species, whereas chicory and arugula yields were higher in monoculture. However, even with yield losses for chicory and arugula in intercropping, LUE indices were greater than 1.0 in all intercropping systems, indicating their viability. The highest LUE index (2.41) was obtained in the chicory-arugula-collard green intercropping system. RESUMO O consórcio de hortaliças é um sistema de cultivo que utiliza a complementaridade entre espécies para aumentar a rentabilidade da atividade agrícola. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das espécies almeirão e rúcula em consórcio com a couve na produtividade das culturas e no índice de eficiência do uso da área (EUA). Seis tratamentos (espécies em consórcio e em monocultura) foram avaliados em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas as cultivares ‘Top Bunch’ (couve), ‘Pão de Açúcar’ (almeirão) e ‘Folha Larga’ (rúcula). A produtividade da couve em monocultura não diferiu das obtidas em consórcios com almeirão, rúcula ou com ambas as espécies, enquanto as produtividades do almeirão e da rúcula foram maiores no monocultivo. Entretanto, mesmo com perdas de produtividade pelo almeirão e rúcula, os índices de EUA foram maiores que 1,0 em todas as consorciações indicando a viabilidade do consórcio. Maior índice EUA (2,41) foi obtido no consórcio de almeirão-rúcula-couve.

Poor competitive ability and limited herbicide options make weed management of Brassica crops difficult. Growers often adopt the use of transplants, which is less efficient in terms of time, material, and labor when compared with direct seeding, resulting in higher prices per unit. Seed treatment with protective compounds could decrease crop injury from preemergent (PRE) herbicides making it profitable to direct-seed Brassica plants for production. Research was conducted to evaluate the ability of three candidate safeners [24-epibrassinolide, melatonin, and ascorbic acid (AsA)] to reduce injury caused by four herbicides (S-metolachlor, pyroxasulfone, halosulfuron, and mesotrione) applied PRE on the collard green cultivar Top Bunch and turnip cultivar Purple Top White Globe. Two independent greenhouse trials were conducted at the Clemson University Coastal Research and Education Center in Charleston, SC. Visual injury of the treated plants was evaluated weekly and dry mass was collected 21 days after treatment. Seed treatment did not reduce injury efficiently caused by pyroxasulfone, halosulfuron, and mesotrione; all doses were lethal for both crops. However, collard seeds treated using melatonin and AsA had 66% and 54% less injury caused by S-metolachlor at 514 g⋅ha–1 a.i., respectively. On turnips, melatonin was the only treatment that reduced the S-metolachlor damage on seedlings, with 43% less injury than untreated seedlings. Plant injury and plant weight correlated significantly for both Brassica crops. The reduction in injury caused by S-metolachlor when seeds were treated with melatonin and AsA validated those compounds’ protective ability. Seed treatment with melatonin could be combined with PRE applications of S-metolachlor to overcome the low weed competitive ability of these species early in the season.

Foliar vegetables contaminated with fecal residues are an important route of transmission of intestinal parasites to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of parasitic forms of protozoa and helminths on lettuces (Lactuca sativa) and collard greens (Brassica oleracea) sold in street- and supermarkets in the city of Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. A total of 30 samples of each vegetable (15 samples from each supermarkets and street markets) was analyzed. All samples were processed by spontaneous sedimentation method and centrifugal flotation. In 45% of the samples, immature forms of intestinal parasites were identified with 66.7% helminths eggs and 33.3% protozoan cysts or oocysts. Significantly more lettuce samples were contaminated with eggs, cysts or oocyst of at least one parasite than collard green samples (U=216; Z=-3.45; P

Intercropping is a method of growing plants that assists in rational use of natural resources. Based on this concept, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of collard green and radish ‘Cometo’ crops in monoculture and in intercropping under different spatial arrangements through physical production indicators (technical coefficients). The study was conducted in plant beds in a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments involved growing the two crops separately and intercropped under different spatial arrangements: (1:2) one row of radish ‘Cometo’ between two rows of collard green; (2:2) two rows of radish ‘Cometo’ between two rows of collard green; and (3:2) three rows of radish ‘Cometo’ between two rows of collard green. The spatial arrangements adopted did not affect the growth and development of radish ‘Cometo’ and of collard green, and all the arrangements used exhibited high land use efficiency, especially the 3:2 arrangement, which provided the greatest land use efficiency, at 1.69.

Collards (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) are grown throughout the United States. Hydroponic greens are more common now due to technological advances lowering the cost and increasing the efficacy ...

Toxoplasma gondii infection can result in toxoplasmosis and potential psychological effects. Research commonly focuses on infection through contact with cat fecal matter or consumption of contaminated meat. However, T. gondii oocysts can persist in the environment for years and may be present in soils and on soil-grown produce. Rates of oocyst DNA recovery from produce were high, with 18% of vegetable samples testing positive for T. gondii via PCR test and melt curve analysis. Radishes had significantly higher oocyst counts than arugula, collard greens, kale, lettuce, and spinach. There were no significant differences in oocyst detection rates between samples taken from organic farmer's markets and conventional grocery stores. This study demonstrates that these oocysts can transfer to produce grown both conventionally and using organic techniques.

Collard greens are commonly grown in family farming systems; however, damage caused by the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) reduces yields, leading to successive applications of insecticides and consequently, environmental and toxicological problems. Therefore, it is essential to search for alternatives that reduce the use of pesticides and are economically viable and accessible to small farmers. This study was aimed at evaluating the insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts of neem and tobacco on P. xylostella. First instar caterpillars were offered collard leaf discs treated with different concentrations (30 caterpillars per treatment) and after the third day, mortality was evaluated. To evaluate ovicidal properties, collard leaves with 30 eggs were immersed in extracts and after 48 h, viability was measured. Oviposition deterrent activity was assessed with 23 couples of P. xylostella released in cages (repetitions) containing treated collard plants and after 48 h, the number of eggs per plant was recorded. Neem and tobacco extracts exhibited larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition deterrent properties against P. xylostella, indicating that the use of these extracts may be promising alternatives in family farming systems.

Th e aim of the study was to show whether there is any infl uence of food, drink or drug intake on the formation of tooth discoloration. A total of 500 patients aged 15- 25 years were examined to take part in the study. Of these, 60 patients were selected and divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group 1 included patients with black pigmentation on vestibular/oral tooth surfaces. Group 2 included patients without discoloration (control). Data were recorded in a questionnaire. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine elements in discoloration samples. Th e Caries Risk Test (CRT) buff er was used to assess buff er capacity of saliva, while CRT bacteria were used to determine the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Statistically signifi cant betweengroup diff erences were found for the intake of collard greens and beets (p

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:32:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572018000100221.pdf: 521869 bytes, checksum: 8388f2a062e1148ae32565c4c431959f (MD5) National Council of Research and Technology of Brazil Brassica oleracea var. acephala (couve comum) é uma das mais importantes olerícolas cultivadas no Brasil para alimentação humana. A lagarta Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) destaca-se entre as pragas mais significativas no cultivo de Brassicaceae por causar severa desfolha na planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, em 26 genótipos de couve comum, fontes de resistência (antixenose) a A. monuste orseis. No teste de livre escolha, adotou-se o esquema casualizado de blocos; e no teste sem chance de escolha o esquema foi inteiramente casualizado. Manteiga de Jundiaí, crespa de Capão Bonito, couve de Arthur Nogueira 1, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-1811, orelha-de-elefante e Pires 1 de Campinas apresentaram antixenose (não preferência para oviposição). Pires 1 de Campinas, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de São José, verde-escura e manteiga de Monte Alegre apresentaram antixenose (não preferência para alimentação). Esses genótipos de couve comum podem ser cultivados diretamente por agricultores ou ser usados por melhoristas em programas de melhoramento genético para resistência a A. monuste orseis. Collard greens Brassica oleracea var. acephala is one of the most important horticultural grown in Brazil for human feeding. The caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) stands out among the important pest in Brassicaceae causing severe plant defoliation. The objective of this study was to identify resistant genotypes (antixenosis) in 26 collard greens genotypes to A. monuste orseis. In free-choice test, randomized blocks were used; and in the non-choice test we adopted a completely randomized design. Manteiga de Jundiaí, crespa de Capão Bonito, couve de Arthur Nogueira 1, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-1811, orelha-de-elefante and Pires 1 de Campinas presented antixenosis (non-preference for oviposition). Pires 1 de Campinas, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de São José, verde-escura and manteiga de Monte Alegre presented antixenosis (non-preference for feeding). These collard greens genotypes can be directly used by farmers for cultivation or by breeders as donor sources in breeding programs for resistance to A. monuste orseis. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” National Council of Research and Technology of Brazil: 311280/2015-3

Urban community gardens (UCGs) have become prevalent worldwide and play a significant role in strengthening the sustainability of urban food systems. Although UCGs provide multiple benefits to society, the extent to which vegetables grown in them are contaminated by chemical compounds derived from airborne fallout or soil contamination is unclear. We evaluated the influence of both air pollution and the contamination of garden soil beds on the contents of 16 PAHs in the edible tissues of spinach and collard green. The PAH contents were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-EI). The concentrations of PAHs in both the vegetables grown in the vessels and in the soil of the UCGs were

Collard greens (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) are a group of plants cultivated for its thick, slightly bitter, edible leaves. As other Brassicaceae, have a good nutritional value as they are a good sources of vitamin C and soluble fiber, and contain various compounds with potent anticancer properties. In order to enhance collard cultivation in Sicily, different planting dates were tested. The research was carried out during 2009-2010 in the experimental field of SAgA Department – University of Palermo. Plants of a Sicilian local cultivar, with high vigor, good emission of side shoots, large and moderately curly leaves and long and strong petiole, were planted in three different periods: end of November, end on January, end of March. The harvest of the main shoot was made when they had tender and non-fibrous leaves and petioles. Secondary shoots, eventually originated from axillary buds left on the plant, were also harvested. Data were recorded on: number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, length and number of harvested shoots. The plants of the earliest transplant were harvested in March (main shoot), April and May (secondary shoots), while only the main shoot was harvested in the other plants (on May and June respectively for the second and the third transplant). This determined an higher yield for the first transplant against the other planting dates. Early transplant influenced also the quality of the main shoots that had more leaves, higher percentage of edible part and less dry matter than those from the other transplant. Secondary shoots had worst quality than the main shoot.

This work evaluated the preference of Ascia monuste orseis among 29 cultivars of collard greens through free- and no-choice assays using female adults (attractiveness and oviposition) and third-instar larvae (feeding preference), in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In free-choice tests with female adults, the L, V, Y, H, A, and Z cultivars produced oviposition non-preference in butterflies. Cultivars R, P, C, and D produced feeding non-preference in third-instar larvae of A. monuste orseis in free- and no-choice tests. Our findings may be useful for genetic improvement focusing on the development of B. oleracea var. acephala cultivars resistant to A. monuste orseis.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:55:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-05362011000200009.pdf: 345006 bytes, checksum: 283ba0c5b3a4c65179bf3b668dfeee34 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-05362011000200009.pdf: 345006 bytes, checksum: 283ba0c5b3a4c65179bf3b668dfeee34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362011000200009.pdf: 345006 bytes, checksum: 283ba0c5b3a4c65179bf3b668dfeee34 (MD5) S0102-05362011000200009.pdf.txt: 32040 bytes, checksum: bf349275a21259bbe8d6bd121222806a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362011000200009.pdf: 345006 bytes, checksum: 283ba0c5b3a4c65179bf3b668dfeee34 (MD5) S0102-05362011000200009.pdf.txt: 32040 bytes, checksum: bf349275a21259bbe8d6bd121222806a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362011000200009.pdf: 345006 bytes, checksum: 283ba0c5b3a4c65179bf3b668dfeee34 (MD5) S0102-05362011000200009.pdf.txt: 32040 bytes, checksum: bf349275a21259bbe8d6bd121222806a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar diferentes cultivares de brassicáceas em relação à capacidade reprodutiva e preferência para alimentação e oviposição da traça-das-crucíferas. Os experimentos foram realizados utilizando-se as cultivares de repolho Midori, Chato-de-Quintal, híbridos da Top Seed® - Agristar (TPC 308, TPC 681 e TPC 668), couve-flor Bola de Neve, couve brócolis Ramoso Piracicaba Precoce e couve Manteiga da Geórgia, sendo esta última utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade. Por meio dos dados biológicos de P. xylostella foram estimados os parâmetros necessários para a construção de tabela de vida de fertilidade, para comparação das cultivares testadas em relação à capacidade reprodutiva da praga. em gaiolas de criação da traça-das-crucíferas foram colocados quatro quartos de folha, dois a dois, que justapostos formavam um círculo de 8 cm de diâmetro, confrontando-se os materiais dois a dois. As partes foram dispostas equidistantemente, para realização do teste de dupla chance de escolha (preferência para alimentação e oviposição) e de múltipla chance de escolha, confrontando todos os substratos (preferência para alimentação). As cultivares que proporcionaram melhor desenvolvimento e reprodução para a traça-das-crucíferas foram couve Manteiga da Geórgia e couve brócolis. Para preferência alimentar constatou-se alta suscetibilidade em couve Manteiga e TPC 681 e para preferência de oviposição alta preferência para couve-flor Bola de Neve. Com isso, sugere-se a divisão das cultivares estudadas em quatro classes distintas: repolho Midori como moderadamente resistente (MR); couve-flor Bola de Neve e repolho Chato-de-Quintal como suscetíveis (S); couve brócolis, TPC308, TPC681 e TPC668 como moderadamente suscetíveis (MS); e couve Manteiga como altamente suscetível (AS). We compared different cultivars of crucifer in relation to reproductive capacity and preference for feeding and oviposition of the diamondback moth. The experiments were carried out with the following cultivars: Midori and Chato-de-Quintal cabbage, hybrids of cabbage Top Seed® - Agristar (TPC 308, TPC 681 and TPC 668), cauliflower Bola de Neve, broccolis Ramoso Piracicaba Precoce and collard green Manteiga da Geórgia, being this last one used as the susceptible control. Through the biological parameters of P. xylostella we elaborated a fertility life table, Comparing the cultivars in relation to the pest reproductive capacity. Four leaf parts were placed in diamondback moth rearing chambers, being two leaves of the treatment and two of the control which, put together formed a circle with 8 cm in diameter. The parts were disposed in an equidistantly form, to perform the dual-choice test (feeding and oviposition preference) and multiple-choice test, confronting all substrates (feeding preference). The cultivars that provided better development and reproduction for the diamondback moth were collard green Manteiga da Georgia and broccolis Ramoso Piracicaba Precoce. For feeding preference high susceptibility was verified in collard green Manteiga da Geórgia and TPC 681 and for oviposition preference high preference was observed for cauliflower Bola de Neve. Four different groups of cultivars could be formed: cabbage Midori as moderately resistant (MR); cauliflower Bola de Neve and cabbage Chato-de-Quintal as susceptible (S); broccolis, TPC 308, TPC 681 and TPC 668 as moderately susceptible (MS); and collard green as highly susceptible (HS). UNESP FCAV Depto Fitossanidade UNESP FCAV Depto Ciências Exatas UNESP FCAV Depto Fitossanidade UNESP FCAV Depto Ciências Exatas

This case discusses the pharmacodynamic interaction between leafy green vegetables and warfarin, resulting in loss of anticoagulant effect.

This manuscript reviews the epidemiologic evidence that Brassica vegetables are associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. Brassica vegetables, which include broccoli, cabbage, mustard and collard greens, and bok choy, contain glucosinolates, whose metabolic breakdown products are potent modulators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that protect DNA from damage. There are six published studies with clearly interpretable results regarding brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk. Of these, three reported statistically significant reduced risks (p < 0.05), and one reported a borderline significant reduced risk (p = 0.06) with high Brassica vegetable consumption. The epidemiologic literature provides modest support for the hypothesis that high intakes of Brassica vegetables reduce prostate cancer risk.

The antioxidant activity of collard greens was determined after exposed to eight different thermal treatments: 1) untreated raw group, 2) short simmer 3short simmer water 4) short simmer + saute’, 5) saute’ 6) long simmer 7) long simmer water 8) long simmer + saute’. After treatment, total phenolic content (TPC) expressed in gallic acid equivalents/sample concentration (GAE/conc.), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) antioxidant assays were determined. The sauté treated group showed the highest TPC (8.2858 GAE/conc.) followed by the raw group (8.0361) and the short simmer + sauté group (7.6227). The raw group showed the highest DPPH activity (7.7952% inhibition/conc.) followed by the sauté group (7.5877) and the short simmer + sauté group (7.4753). In both of these assays the addition of a sauté treatment to either short or long simmered treatment increased the antioxidant activity of samples compared to just the short or long simmer treatment alone. Additionally both TPC and DPPH assays showed greater antioxidant activity in the cooking water reserved from a long simmer treatment compared to the reserved cooking water of a short simmer treatment suggesting significant (p

The fate of naturally occurring and added bacterial pathogens was determined in "soul foods" purchased at local supermarkets and farm families while the foods were stored under conditions simulating those used for retail distribution, home storage, and preparation before use. Viable count determinations for 10 samples at the end of a 5-day period at 10 C showed considerable decreases in comparison to the inoculum size, indicating that growth was not promoted. Escherichia coli survived in all the food samples but the populations decreased by 1 to 9 log cycles/g of food. Salmonella typhimurium survived in 59% of the food samples. Except for farm family collard greens and sausage (encased), Staphylococcus aureus remained viable in all of the foods tested an d was the only survivor in cracklings (cooked) obtained from both sources. Clostridium perfringens was detected in farm family sweet peas and 23% of the pig offal samples.

From previous studies of biological semiquinones in different solvents, the origin of Signal II in chloroplasts is hypothesized to be a plastosemiquinone anion radical perturbed by a metal cation. Assuming this model, theoretical principal g factors and hyperfine splitting constants were calculated and used to simulate the random spectrum of spinach Signal II. Oriented chloroplasts were used to determine the principal angles of this model. Oriented chloroplasts from collard greens showed a different angular dependency of Signal II from those of spinach as well as the presence of added fine structure.

Selected vegetables (spinach, broccoli, sweet potatoes, and collard greens) prepared in 2.27 kg (5 lb) quantities by boiling, were frozen and stored for six months at −18°C. Zinc, iron, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid were determined on the raw vegetable immediately after cooking and after reheating in a microwave oven subsequent to 6 months frozen storage. The greatest nutrient loss occurred for water soluble nutrients during boiling. Nutrient comparison between cooked samples (conventional method) and samples microwaved after 6 months frozen storage (cook-freeze method) indicated that differences existed only in ascorbic acid content of spinach. Data indicated that vegetables prepared by cook-freeze, a method used by health care institutions, were generally equal in nutrient quality to conventionally prepared vegetables.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of collard green stalks as environmental enrichment on the behavior of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) maintained in captivity. Sixteen birds were housed individually in cages and fed a commercial diet for parrots and seed mix, with water ad libitum during 12 days in climatic chamber with temperature and relative humidity simulating tropical conditions. The animals (n = 8) were divided into two groups, control and enriched, and the experimental period was divided into two phases (during and after enrichment) of four days each. The collard green stalks were used as enrichment only during the first period of the experiment, daily changed and maintained only during the day. The stalks increased the feed intake and decreased the sleep activities. No effect was observed on the body surface temperature, locomotion, maintenance and other resting activities. Small undesirable activities were detected. It was concluded that collard green stalks can be used as environmental enrichment, becoming part of food preferences of cockatiels. However, its use does not significantly alter the behavior of birds kept in captivity RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de talos de couve como enriquecimento ambiental sobre o comportamento de calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus) mantidas em cativeiro. Dezesseis aves foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas e alimentadas com dieta comercial para psitacídeos e mistura de sementes, com água ad libitum durante 12 dias, em câmara climática com temperatura e umidade relativa do ar simulando condições tropicais. Os animais (n=8) foram divididos em dois grupos, controle e enriquecido, e o período experimental foi dividido em duas fases (durante e após o enriquecimento) de quatro dias cada. Os talos de couve foram usados como enriquecimento apenas durante o primeiro período do experimento, trocados diariamente e mantidos apenas durante o dia. Os talos aumentaram o consumo de ração e diminuíram o comportamento dormir. Nenhum efeito foi observado nas outras atividades de descanso, na temperatura da superfície corporal, na locomoção e manutenção. Foram detectadas pequenas atividades indesejáveis. Concluiu-se que os talos de couve podem ser usados como enriquecimento ambiental, formando parte das preferências alimentares de calopsitas. No entanto, seu uso não altera de maneira expressiva o comportamento das aves.