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Soy sauce fermentation was improved using the trio of A. oryzae (AO), B. cereus (BC), and the newly identified Tetragenococcus halophilus KBC (TH) in liquid-state fermentation. The effect of molasses (5%, 10%, and 20%) and type of wheat flour (organic-WFO and commercial-WFC) were tested on the koji-moromi formulation for efficient ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. The koji-WFO produced higher GABA (1290 mg/L) compared to koji-WFC (13 mg/L). In the initial moromi mixture, 2 × 10−4 mL of BC inoculum containing 5–20% of molasses was added and replaced the same amount with TH in the second trial. Subsequently, the moromi was mixed with 1 × 10−4 mL of BC and TH, which shortened the 60-day moromi process to 30 days. Meanwhile, BC-moromi cultured in 20% molasses generated significantly lower GABA (118 mg/L) production compared to other percentages, however the concentration boosted for TH-moromi in 20% molasses (159 mg/L). The combination of BC-TH percentages (5%–20%) gave significantly lower GABA (83–137 mg/L) than the singular 20% TH treatment. The results promote the use of TH in producing high-GABA soy sauce.

We report pathogenic feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus-2c infection in wild Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), as demonstrated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of parvoviral enteropathy. We performed molecular characterization and phylogeny studies to obtain an improved understanding of disease transmission dynamics between domestic and wild carnivores.

This study is an attempt to describe the terminology of Metroxylon sago among the Melanau community in Mukah, Sarawak (Malaysia). The paper is divided into three main sections: the research method, introduction to the Melanau and their language, and the description of sago terms. The research results reported here are based on data collected in a qualitative research project, featuring face to face interviews in situ. Lexical items related to the sago palm plant and its taxonomy; the harvesting process; processing sago and its products; and, ethno-cultural issues are discussed in this paper. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p136

In order to enhance the repair of defects in articular cartilage via cell therapy with autologous chondrocytes, as well as with periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs), silkworm hemolymph (SH) and a variety of cartilage-specific extracellular matrices (ECMs) including type II collagen, proline, chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate were assessed with regard to their efficacy as media supplements. SH, a known anti-apoptotic agent, was found to enhance cell growth, as was shown by the results of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. According to the results of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, the cartilage-specific ECMs were found to stimulate the expression of hyaline cartilage-specific genes, most notably type II collagen and Sox9, in monolayer cultures of PDPCs.

Periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) were isolated by characteristic surface markers. Reproducibility of immunophenotypes of the PDPCs was characterized by flow cytometric analysis using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). SH2(+), SH3(+), SH4(+), CD9(+), CD90(+) and CD105(+) were important eternal characteristic cell surface markers for the PDPCs. The characterized PDPCs maintained their chondrogenic potential in pellet cultures until the 15th passage from primary cell culture.