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O presente estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre a idade (sub-13 e sub-15) e o momento competitivo (início e final da competição) com os níveis de coesão de grupo em atletas amadores de basquetebol. Participaram 26 atletas (12 e 14 respectivamente). O instrumento utilizado foi o Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo: GEQ. As análises foram conduzidas entre os grupos, comparando os resultados do início e do final do campeonato. Utilizou-se o teste U de Mann-Whitney para comparação entre grupos, e o Friedman para análise intragrupo. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença significante entre os grupos em nenhum momento do campeonato (início e final), para nenhuma dimensão, com os grupos investigados apresentando elevados escores nas dimensões relacionadas à tarefa, tanto no início quanto no final do campeonato. Assim, pode-se considerar que nem a idade, nem o momento da competição influenciaram os níveis de coesão, pois os dois grupos do estudo apresentaram níveis de coesão similares e elevados, tanto no início quanto no final da competição, o que é apontado como relevante para o bom desempenho esportivo dos atletas. Palavras-chave: Coesão de grupo; basquetebol; psicologia do esporte; ambiente de grupo.

Cultural shock may be one of the greatest difficulties encountered by athletes and employees who choose to live and work in other countries. Therefore, the objective of this essay was to conceptualize the theory of intercultural adjustment and to point out proposals for the use of theory in the process of sports expatriation. For this, it was based on the methodological design of a qualitative research on the perspective of documentary analysis. As main reflections of this essay, the lack of an adequate cultural adjustment process for athletes and employees who are subject to living in another country is emphasized, in addition to the importance of the family in this process. Therefore, it also highlights the relevance that expatriates are submitted to a preparation process, either by psychological, social, economic and cultural bias, so that changes are faced in the best possible way, highlighting the importance of Intercultural Psychology.

Globalization makes expatriation an increasingly present reality, whether in the lives of employees of multinational companies or athletes. Therefore, the objective of this essay was to conceptuate the International Human Resources Management (IHRM) and to point out the relationship of such phenomenon with the career management conducted by the person participating in this process of "expatriation", both in corporate and sports contexts. For this, it was based on the methodological design of a qualitative research on the perspective of documental analysis. As the main reflections of this essay, we emphasize that, although it is considered fundamental, the IHRM is better developed in companies, while in sports clubs this is a secondary concern. It is also noteworthy the importance of athletes and expatriate employees to undergo a process of preparation, both from the psychological and social, economic and cultural point of view, so that the changes are faced in the best possible way.

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva de atletas de basquetebol, das categorias de base de um clube esportivo, comparando o nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva no início e no final do campeonato de 2018. Metodologia: Para isso, participaram do estudo 26 atletas, voluntários, do sexo masculino, federados, com idades entre 13 e 15 anos. Os atletas responderam o Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2r (CSAI-2r). Resultados e discussão: Os resultados demonstraram que os atletas apresentaram escores elevados de autoconfiança e valores baixos de ansiedade somática, tanto no início, quanto no final do campeonato de 2018. Além disso, durante o campeonato, os valores de autoconfiança mantiveram-se estáveis, sendo sempre superiores aos valores de ansiedade. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que durante o campeonato de 2018 os atletas apresentaram um elevado escore de autoconfiança e que esse elevado escore tem direta influência nos valores baixos de ansiedade cognitiva e somática, corroborando a teoria Multidimensional da ansiedade.

Research Question: the paper investigates the influence of the size of the squad and the club's expenditures on football in the final classification in seasons 2008 to 2016 of the first division of the Brazilian Football League (Serie A). Motivation: Considering soccer as the most important sport in Brazil, representing a cultural symbol of the country, it is better to make it necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of the size of the squad on the performance of the teams and, in addition, how much the clubs invest in the formation of these squads. Idea: In this perspective, the central hypothesis of this study is that clubs with the highest number of players will also present the best classifications, and the second central hypothesis is that clubs with more investments in football have the biggest squad. Data: (The study was conducted with data collected over the internet, using data provided by clubs. Only the clubs belonging to the first division were used, being a total of 34 clubs, divided into 2 groups, according to the investment value in Football. Tools: This study presents descriptive and inferential analyses, since the qualitative-quantitative approach was assumed as a way of understanding the data. Assuming the number of clubs participating in the study, we chose non-parametric inferential analyses in the intra- and inter-group evaluations, using the alpha value of 0,05 as criterion. Findings: The results show that the size of the squad is not a determining factor in the ranking of clubs in the National League, but the clubs' spending on football is crucial, since the clubs with the highest spent on football were the clubs with the best safety ratings in 4 of 6 Championships. In addition, the results showed that the size of the squad and spending on Football are not related, that is, it's not the size of the squad what determines the cost of football and other factors, such as wages of athletes. Contribution: One can conclude that to the first division of the Brazilian championship of professional football, the number of athletes in the squad is not a determining factor for the position taken by the clubs in the competition, but the value invested in wages, corroborating only one of the hypotheses of study. However, this study has some limitations, such as sample size (only 34 teams), the use of clubs from a single country, and the lack of information from other clubs (not all clubs provide their financial statements through the club or federation website). Therefore, we emphasize the need for new studies.