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1. The influences of environmental change and development on leaf shape in Vitis

Author

Michaela Donahoo, Daniel H. Chitwood, Daniel J. Peppe, and Aly Baumgartner

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Germplasm, Riparia, Vine, Environmental change, Climate, New York, Growing season, Plant Science, Biology, climatic sensitivity, Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenotypic plasticity, Botany, Genetics, Vitis, wine.grape_variety, leaf physiognomy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Research Articles, Phenotypic plasticity, food and beverages, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, paleoclimate proxy, wine, Vitis amurensis, leaf ontogeny, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Article
Abstract

Premise The size and shape (physiognomy) of woody, dicotyledonous angiosperm leaves are correlated with climate. These relationships are the basis for multiple paleoclimate proxies. Here we test whether Vitis exhibits phenotypic plasticity and whether physiognomy varies along the vine. Methods We used Digital Leaf Physiognomy (DiLP) to measure leaf characters of four Vitis species from the USDA Germplasm Repository (Geneva, New York) from the 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 leaf-growing seasons, which had different environmental conditions. Results Leaf shape changed allometrically through developmental stages; early stages were more linear than later stages. There were significant differences in physiognomy in the same developmental stage between the growing seasons, and species had significant differences in mean physiognomy between growing seasons. Phenotypic plasticity was defined as changes between growing seasons after controlling for developmental stage or after averaging all developmental stages. Vitis amurensis and V. riparia had the greatest phenotypic plasticity. North American species exhibited significant differences in tooth area:blade area. Intermediate developmental stages were most likely to exhibit phenotypic plasticity, and only V. amurensis exhibited phenotypic plasticity in later developmental stages. Conclusions Leaves have variable phenotypic plasticity along the vine. Environmental signal was strongest in intermediate developmental stages. This is significant for leaf physiognomic-paleoclimate proxies because these leaves are likely the most common in leaf litter and reflect leaves primarily included in paleoclimate reconstructions. Early season and early developmental stages have the potential to be confounding factors but are unlikely to exert significant influence because of differential preservation potential.

Published
2020

2. Rapid leaf trait response to growing-season meteorology in Vitis: Implications for leaf physiognomic paleoclimate reconstructions

Author

Daniel J. Peppe, Aly Baumgartner, Michaela Donahoo, and Daniel H. Chitwood

Subjects
Germplasm, Phenotypic plasticity, Vine, Horticulture, Taxon, Range (biology), Growing season, Allometry, Plant litter, Biology
Abstract

PREMISE OF THE STUDYThe size and shape (physiognomy) of woody, dicotyledonous angiosperm leaves are correlated with climate and these relationships have been used to develop. proxies. These proxies assume that leaf morphology plastically responds to meteorological conditions and that leaf traits change isometrically through development.METHODSWe used Digital Leaf Physiognomy (DiLP) to measure leaf characters of multipleVitisspecies from the USDA Germplasm Repository in Geneva, NY from the 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 growing seasons. These growing seasons had different temperature and precipitation.KEY RESULTSWe found three primary results: (1) there were predictable significant differences in leaf characters in leaves of different developmental stages along the vine, (2) there were significant differences in leaf characters in leaves of the same developmental stage between the growing seasons, and (3) there were significant differences in leaf characters between growing seasons.CONCLUSIONSWe found thatVitisleaf shape had the strongest relationship with growing season meteorological conditions in taxa growing in their native range. In addition, leaves have variable phenotypic plasticity along the vine. We interpret that the meteorological signal was strongest in those leaves that have completed allometric expansion. This is significant for leaf physiognomic-paleoclimate proxies because these leaves are most likely to be preserved in leaf litter and reflect the type of leaves included in paleoclimate reconstructions. We found that leaf development does have the potential to be a confounding factor, but it is unlikely to exert a significant influence on analysis due to differential preservation potential.

Published
2019
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3. Morphological plant modeling: Unleashing geometric and topologic potential within the plant sciences

Author

Joseph H. Williams, Daniel H. Chitwood, Lilan Hong, Mao Li, Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi, Erin E. Sparks, Thomas J. DeWitt, Cynthia C. Chang, Edgar P. Spalding, Dorjsuren Battogtokh, Jonathan P. Lynch, Samuel Leiboff, Diego Hernán Díaz Martínez, R. J. Cody Markelz, Eetu Puttonen, John B. Reese, Laura L. Klein, Alexis Maizel, Malia A. Gehan, Mathilde Balduzzi, Washington Mio, Christopher N. Topp, Ciera C. Martinez, Alexander Bucksch, Christophe Pradal, Julin N. Maloof, Alexander G. Fletcher, Viktoiriya Coneva, Laura Miller, Hendrik Poorter, Siobhan A. Braybrook, Wojtek Palubicki, Acheampong Atta-Boateng, Rubén Rellán-Álvarez, Akomian Fortuné Azihou, Charles A. Price, Brad M. Binder, Aly Baumgartner, University of Georgia [USA], Yale University [New Haven], Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Modeling plant morphogenesis at different scales, from genes to phenotype (VIRTUAL PLANTS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Baylor University, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Washington-Bothell, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University [College Station], School of Mathematics and Statistics [Sheffield] (SoMaS), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Cornell University [New York], Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Saint Louis University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Center for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University of California Davis - Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Forschungszentrum Juelich, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duke University [Durham], Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of California (UC), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge, and Cornell University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, topology, Population, Biology, Topology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, White paper, Botany, morphology, education, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Plant biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, mathematics, modeling, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Natural resource, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Outreach, plant science, 13. Climate action, Plant morphology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plant morphology is inherently mathematical in that morphology describes plant form and architecture with geometrical and topological descriptors. The geometries and topologies of leaves, flowers, roots, shoots and their spatial arrangements have fascinated plant biologists and mathematicians alike. Beyond providing aesthetic inspiration, quantifying plant morphology has become pressing in an era of climate change and a growing human population. Modifying plant morphology, through molecular biology and breeding, aided by a mathematical perspective, is critical to improving agriculture, and the monitoring of ecosystems with fewer natural resources. In this white paper, we begin with an overview of the mathematical models applied to quantify patterning in plants. We then explore fundamental challenges that remain unanswered concerning plant morphology, from the barriers preventing the prediction of phenotype from genotype to modeling the movement of leafs in air streams. We end with a discussion concerning the incorporation of plant morphology into educational programs. This strategy focuses on synthesizing biological and mathematical approaches and ways to facilitate research advances through outreach, cross-disciplinary training, and open science. This white paper arose from bringing mathematicians and biologists together at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) workshop titled “Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences” held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in September, 2015. Never has the need to quantify plant morphology been more imperative. Unleashing the potential of geometric and topological approaches in the plant sciences promises to transform our understanding of both plants and mathematics.

Published
2016

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