1. Alginate oligosaccharides improve germ cell development and testicular microenvironment to rescue busulfan disrupted spermatogenesis
- Author
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Yanni Feng, Wei Shen, Zhongyi Sun, Pengfei Zhang, Wei Ge, Lan Li, Yong Zhao, and Hongfu Zhang
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Alginates ,Cell ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Oligosaccharides ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,Andrology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Protein Interaction Mapping ,Testis ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,AOS ,RNA-Seq ,Single cell RNA sequencing ,Spermatogenesis ,Busulfan ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Infertility, Male ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Microbiota ,Sperm ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Blood ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cellular Microenvironment ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Metabolome ,Sperm Motility ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Transcriptome ,Ex vivo ,Germ cell ,Research Paper ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Rationale: Busulfan is currently an indispensable anti-cancer drug, particularly for children, but the side effects on male reproduction are so serious that critical drug management is needed to minimize any negative impact. Meanwhile, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are natural products with many consequent advantages, that have attracted a great deal of pharmaceutical attention. In the current investigation, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on murine testes treated with busulfan and/or AOS to define the mitigating effects of AOS on spermatogenesis at the single cell level. Methods: Testicular cells (in vivo) were examined by single cell RNA sequencing analysis, histopathological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Testes samples (ex vivo) underwent RNA sequencing analysis. Blood and testicular metabolomes were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Results: We found that AOS increased murine sperm concentration and motility, and rescued busulfan disrupted spermatogenesis through improving (i) the proportion of germ cells, (ii) gene expression important for spermatogenesis, and (iii) transcriptional factors in vivo. Furthermore, AOS promoted the ex vivo expression of genes important for spermatogenesis. Finally, our results showed that AOS improved blood and testis metabolomes as well as the gut microbiota to support the recovery of spermatogenesis. Conclusions: AOS could be used to improve fertility in patients undergoing chemotherapy and to combat other factors that induce infertility in humans.
- Published
- 2020