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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suhu fermentasi dan penambahan suplemen metal ion terhadap pertumbuhan Z.mobilis serta mengukur kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan etanol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor, yaitu suhu fermentasi (30, 34, dan 38 °C) dan penambahan ion logam dari senyawa garam (Kalium dikromat, Magnesium klorida, dan Asam borat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu saat fermentasi dan penambahan suplemen ion logam memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan sel, total gula reduksi, dan kadar etanol. Pertumbuhan sel tertinggi sebesar 0,753 NTU dengan penambahan kalium dikromat pada suhu fermentasi 38 °C. Total gula reduksi terendah sebesar 789,97 mg/ml dengan penambahan Asam borat pada suhu fermentasi 34 °C. Kadar etanol tertinggi sebesar 2,234% dengan penambahan kalim dikromat pada suhu fermentasi 34 °C. Kata kunci: gula reduksi, ion logam, kadar etanol, tekanan suhu tinggi, Zymomonas mobilis Abstract This study was aimed to find out the effect of fermentation temperature and metal ion supplement addition towards the growth of Z.mobilis as well as to measure its capability in producing ethanol. This research was conducted by using the randomized block design with two factors namely fermentation temperature (30,34,38 oC) and metal ion supplement addition of Potassium dichromate, Magnesium chloride and Boric acid. The result showed that temperature stress and metal ion supplement addition had significant influence on cell growth, total reducing sugar, and the amount of ethanol production. The highest cell growth was 0,753 NTU with Potassium dichromate addition at fermentation temperature of 38 oC. the lowest total reducing sugar was 789.97 mg/ml with Boric acid addition at fermentation temperature of 34 oC. the highest ethanol production was 2.234% with Potassium dichromate addition at fermentation temperature of 34 oC. Keywords: reduction sugar, metals ion, amount of ethanol, temperature stress, Zymomonas mobilis

Glukosamin (C 6 H 13 NO 5 ) atau (3R,4R,5S)-3-Amino-6-(hidroksimetil) oksana-2.4.5-triol atau 2-Amino-2-deoksiglukosa merupakan gula amino dan prekursor penting dalam sintesis biokimia . Glukosamin dapat berfungsi sebagai obat osteoarthritis dan rematik. Glukosamin terkandung dalam biji buah siwalan ( Borassus flabellifer L.) yang banyak tersebar di wilayah Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah bagian timur, Madura, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Sulawesi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Respon Permukaan yaitu Rancangan Komposit Terpusat ( Central Composit Design ) dengan menggunakan dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi NH 4 Cl dan lama perendaman. Digunakan NH 4 Cl 2 M sebagai batas bawah dan 4 M sebagai batas atas, sedangkan waktu ekstraksi selama 6 jam sebagai batas bawah dan 24 jam sebagai batas atas. Kedua faktor tersebut menghasilkan sebanyak 13 perlakuan. Respon dari penelitian ini adalah kadar, pH dan rendemen glukosamin. Model hubungan pengaruh antara konsentrasi NH 4 Cl dan lama waktu perendaman terhadap kadar dan rendemen glukosamin siwalan adalah model linier, sehingga tidak bisa ditentukan solusi optimum untuk masing-masing faktor. Namun yang ditemukan adalah respon terbesar yang terdapat pada konsentrasi NH 4 Cl 4 M dan lama perendaman 24 jam dengan kadar glukosamin 858,772 ppm, pH glukosamin 4,383 dan rendemen glukosamin 0,285%. Ekstrak glukosamin hasil respon terbesar ini memiliki ciri fisik larut dalam air, sedikit larut dalam methanol, dan berwarna coklat.

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) fibre is regarded as waste containing of 70.2% cellulose, 10.92% water, and 6.02% ash. In direct utilisation of areca nut, certain innovation is required, one of which ...

Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is a type of palm used for commercial purposes because all parts of the plant -have high economic value. Areca nut fibre contains 53.2% cellulose and therefore, it can potentially be used as raw material for pulp for paper craft. Bleaching is conducted in order to make colourful paper craft. Some factors to be taken into account while bleaching the paper craft are levels of chemicals used for bleaching and length of bleaching time. The purpose of this study was to determine H2O2 level and optimum bleaching time to create quality paper from areca fibres and cardboard paper. Quality of the paper was evaluated based on tensile strength, thickness, grammage and brightness. Response surface method (RSM) is implemented optimize the estimated response. The model used in RSM is CCD (Central Design Composite) with 2 factors, namely bleaching time and H2O2. The upper and lower limit for the first factor were 90 and 150 minutes consecutively. Those for the second factor were 5% and 15% respectively. The evaluate responses were tensile strength and brightness level. The findings showed that the most suitable combination was 150-minutes bleaching time and 15% H2O2. The combination resulted in 69.50% brightness and 14.71 kN/m2 tensile strength. In addition, the paper grammage was 282 gr/cm2, its thickness was 0.88 mm and the moisture content was 6.5.

Female workers reach 43.3 million people nowadays, which 25 million are in the reproductive age. Based on Basic Health Research, the number of nursing mothers only 42% far below the target of 80%. This study is to make instant porridge formulations for nursing mothers. The materials are Moringa leaves, soy flour, banana flour, oats, palm sugar and skim milk. This research was arranged using Linear Programming Solver 1.9.4 to determine the best formulation based on nutritional adequacy rate for nursing mothers and hedonic test to determine the level of consumer preference for the product. The optimal porridge formulation is 5 grams Moringa leaves powder, 5 grams of soy flour, 20 grams of banana flour, 25 grams of oat, 22.5 grams of palm sugar and 22.5 grams of skim milk. The hedonic test is carried out on nursing women and productive age in the area of Temas, Batu, Malang Regency with the results of taste, colour, appearance and average texture worth four which means they like the product.

Demand for handycraftpaper is getting higher lately. This paper is commonly utilized as decorative paper, interior decoration, frames, and many more. Handycraftpaper making was one alternative to waste treatment and to reduce the use of wood fiber as paper raw material. Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) petioles which is usually thrown away has the potency to be processed as pulp because it has 42.22% of cellulose and 19.85% of lignin. Delignification with chemical and microbiological methods has been executed to find out the pulp with the lowest lignin, highest cellulose and highest yield. The chemical method used NaOH 1 N (with concentration of 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and H2O2, while the microbiological method used effective microorganisms 4 (EM4) which was economical and easy to find. Fermentation time (5, 6, 7 and 8 days) was implemented as treatment. For chemical method, the treatment that produced the optimum response of lignin and cellulose was 20% of NaOH concentration, while for the microbiological method was 8 days of fermentation. Orthogonal polynomial model showed that both chemical and microbiological methods produce cellulose had linier model that P-Value was less than 0.05. For lignin response, the chemical method obtained linier model, meanwhile the microbiological method obtained quadratic linier model where P-Value was less than 0.05.

The part of Areca Palm (Areca catechu) that economical is the seed. It is commercially available in dried, cured and fresh forms, while the fibre is usually thrown away. Cellulose fibers from agricultural waste can be utilized as raw material for handicraft paper. Laboratory research showed that Areca palm fibre contained 70.2% of cellulose, 10.92% of water, and 6.02% of ash. This indicated that Areca palm fibre is very potential to be processed as handicraft paper. Handicraft paper is made of wastepaper or plants which cointain celluloce to produce rough-textured paper. In order to obtain preferred sensory quality of handicraft paper such as color, fiber appearance and texture as well as good physical quantity such as tensile strength, tear resistance and grammage, the addition of wastepaper to provide secondary fibre and sometimes adhesive are needed in making handicraft paper. Handicraft paper making was one alternative to treat the solid waste and to reduce the use of wood fiber as paper raw material. The aim of this study is to compare the two most famous method, i.e. Federer and Gomez Method, for calculate the number of replications. This study is preliminary research before do the research in order to get the best treatment to produce handicraft paper. The Gomez method calculates fewer replications than the Federer method. Based on data simulation the error generated using 3 replicates of 0.0876 while using 2 replicates of 0.1032.