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International audience; The study of an important collection of scorpions, belonging to the genus Chaerilus, recently collected from a cave in the Palawan Island, Philippines, allows the clarification of the identity of this population, often misidentified with Chaerilus chapmani Vachon & Lourenço, 1985 known from caves in the Gunong Mulu National Park in Sarawak (Borneo). Chaerilus agnellivanniorum sp. n. is described from the Puerto Princesa Underground River Cave in Palawan Island based on 14 specimens, males, females, and juveniles. The new species is totally distinct morphologically from Chaerilus chapmani, a true troglobitic species. Chaerilus agnellivanniorum sp. n. may also be a true troglobitic element, but with a less marked degree of regression for several characters. Some comments on the ecology of the new species and on regional biogeography of Borneo and Palawan islands are also proposed.; L’étude d’une importante collection de scorpions appartenant au genre Chaerilus, récemment collectée dans une grotte de l’île de Palawan, aux Philippines, permet désormais de clarifier l’identité de cette population souvent incorrectement identifiée comme Chaerilus chapmani Vachon & Lourenço, 1985 connue des grottes du Gunong Mulu National Park au Sarawak (Bornéo). Chaerilus agnellivanniorum sp. n. est décrite de la grotte de Puerto Princesa, dans l’île de Palawan, à partir de 14 spécimens, mâles, femelles et juvéniles. Par sa morphologie, la nouvelle espèce est globalement distincte de Chaerilus chapmani, une véritable espèce troglobie. Chaerilus agnellivanniorum sp. n. pourrait également représenter un véritable élément troglobie, mais avec un moindre dégrée de régression pour plusieurs caractères. Des commentaires sont également ajoutés sur l’écologie de la nouvelle espèce et sur la biogéographie de Bornéo et de l’île de Palawan.

A new species of the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877 is described from a cave in Dien Bien District, West of Dien Bien Phu city in northern Vietnam. The new species is morphologically similar to other Chaerilus species distributed only in the south of Vietnam and Cambodia and suggests a case of a vicariant species between northern and southern populations in the Southeast Asian peninsula.

Chaerilus hofereki sp. n. from Vietnam is described and compared with C. cimrmani Kovařik, 2012 from Thailand. C. hofereki sp. n. is characterized mainly by sexual dimorphism. Chela of pedipalp is wide and ampullar, fingers shorter in male than in female. Ratio of chela length to movable finger length 2.2 in males and 1.7–2 in females. Movable finger of pedipalp with 9 or 10 cutting edges. Our study brings the first data on chromosomes of chaerilid scorpions. The karyotype of male paratype of C. hofereki sp. n. consists of high number of chromosomes (2n = 90).

One more new species of the genus ChaerilusSimon, 1877 is described from Hon Ba Nature Reserve, which is located about 60 km to the south-west of Nha Trang, in the Khanh Hoa Province in the south of Vietnam. The new species is placed in the variegatus Species Group and compared with other Chaerilus species previously described from Vietnam. Relationships are discussed with Chaerilus longimanusKovařik & Lowe, 2015, also described from the Nha Trang region. As in previous studies, the present one suggests that different species of Chaerilus are not strongly morphologically distinct but rather correspond with micro-endemic populations. Future molecular studies should provide further evidence for or against this hypothesis.

The scorpion fauna of the Island of Côn Son (Poulo Condore), Vietnam is briefly discussed and a new species, Chaerilus phami sp. n. is described. The new species is morphologically distinct from all the other species of Chaerilus described from the mainland in Vietnam.

A new species belonging to the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877, Chaerilus spinatus sp. n. is described from the Island of Halmahera, Indonesia. Chaerilus celebensis Pocock, 1894, originally described from Luwu, Celebes (Sulawesi) Island, is confirmed as a distinct species and as a possible endemic element to the Celebes. Two species of Chaerilus are at present known to Halmahera, the second one being Chaerilus telnovi Lourenco, 2009.

A new species, Chaerilus mainlingensis sp. nov., is described from Xizang in China. The present new species is distinguished from the congeners by chela with width/length ratio more than 2.4, seven rows of denticles on fixed and movable fingers of pedipalp chelae, three or four pectinal teeth in females, and almost smooth teguments of the seventh sternite and all of the metasomal segments.

Biological observations on Chaerilus philippinus were based on specimens from the region of Appari, North of Luzon in the Philippines. The total duration of embryonic development was estimated as being between 110 to 136 days, while the moults between successive juvenile instars and adulthood took place at ages that averaged 7, 39, 73, 190 and 327 days. These developmental periods are shorter and different from those previously observed among species of non-buthid scorpions. They prove to be rather similar to those observed in buthid scorpions, however. Morphometric growth values of the different instars are similar or smaller than those of other species of scorpions that have been studied. Aspects of maternal care and social behaviour are also commented.

A new species, Chaerilus pseudoconchiformus sp. n., is described from Xizang, China. The present new species is distinguished from its congeners by a body length of 32−40 mm, carapace with the anterior margin straight, chela with length/width ratio average of 3.3 in males (3.2−3.4, two adults), and 2.5 in females (2.3−2.6, nine adults), eight or nine (eight usually) rows of denticles on fixed and movable fingers of pedipalp chelae, five pectinal teeth in males and three or four in females. To date, the chaerilid species fauna of China consists of nine species. An updated identification key to Chaerilus from China is presented.

Chaerilus julietteae sp. n. is described from a coastal massif of southern Vietnam. The new species is totally distinct morphologically from Chaerilus petrzelkai Kovařik, also described from the South Vietnam: it shows more affinities with Chaerilus pictus (Pocock, 1890), described from Bangladesh. An attempt to divide the genus Chaerilus into species-groups is also proposed.

A new species is described belonging to the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877. Chaerilus annapurna sp. n. was discovered in the high plateaux of the Himalayas in Central-Western Nepal. For comparative purposes a precise re-diagnosis is proposed for Chaerilus truncatus Karsch, 1879, originally described from an imprecise locality in Himalaya. This species has recently been discussed by several authors: nevertheless, it has sometimes been the subject of misidentification.

The Krakatau Islands, located between Java and Sumatra, consist of 4 islands which were sterilized by the volcanic eruption of Krakatau in 1883. 1982, three species of scorpions were collected in the islands. Two of these species had been previously recorded from the islands; Chaerilus variegatus nigricolor in 1908 and 1933, and Lychas mucronatus in 1933, but the other species Liocheles australasiae was newly recorded, The number of species of scorpions in the Krakatau Islands has thus continued to increase slowly: 1 in 1908, 2 in 1933 and 3 in 1982.