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Research has been conducted on the microbial small-subunit rRNAs. The distribution of these rRNAs in Lake Michigan offshore sediments has been investigated via molecular biological methods, and the results indicate that the nitrogen cycling in these sediments may have a seasonal component.

The universal oligonucleotide hybridization probe S-*-Univ-1390-a-A-18 accurately estimates domain-level community composition of microbes in environmental samples, under low-stringency wash conditions. However, the probe overestimates methanogen rRNA concentrations under high-stringency wash conditions. The universal probe S-*-Univ-1392-a-A-15 gives overestimated results with both high- and low-stringency wash conditions. Defined mixtures of rRNAs from pure cultures and anaerobic digester samples are used for the comparison of the two probes.

Extended multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of atypical Escherichia isolates were performed to identify five novel phylogenetic clades (CI to CV) among isolates from environmental, human, and animal sources. The sample data from evaluation of all Escherichia lineages suggested that CIII, CIV, and CV represent environmentally adapted Escherichia lineages might be more abundant outside the host gastrointestinal tract.