1. Synthesis and characterization of carbon cryogel microspheres from lignin-furfural mixtures for biodiesel production.
- Author
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Zainol MM, Amin NA, and Asmadi M
- Subjects
- Complex Mixtures chemical synthesis, Esterification, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Materials Testing, Microspheres, Biofuels analysis, Carbon chemistry, Cryogels chemical synthesis, Furaldehyde chemistry, Lignin chemistry, Oleic Acid chemistry
- Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the potential of biofuel and biomass processing industry side-products as acid catalyst. The synthesis of carbon cryogel from lignin-furfural mixture, prepared via sol-gel polycondensation at 90°C for 0.5h, has been investigated for biodiesel production. The effect of lignin to furfural (L/F) ratios, lignin to water (L/W) ratios and acid concentration on carbon cryogel synthesis was studied. The carbon cryogels were characterized and tested for oleic acid conversion. The thermally stable amorphous spherical carbon cryogel has a large total surface area with high acidity. Experimental results revealed the optimum FAME yield and oleic acid conversion of 91.3wt.% and 98.1wt.%, respectively were attained at 65°C for 5h with 5wt.% catalyst loading and 20:1 methanol to oleic acid molar ratio. Therefore, carbon cryogel is highly potential for heterogeneous esterification of free fatty acid to biodiesel., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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