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Abutment components (i.e., fixtures associated with oral implants) are essentially made of titanium (Ti), which is continuously exposed to the hash oral environment, resulting in scratching. Thus, such components need to be protected, and surface treatments are viable methods for overcoming long-term damage. Diamond-like carbon (DLC), an excellent protective material, is an alternative surface-treatment material for Ti abutments. Here, we demonstrate that a silicon interlayer for DLC film growth and the pulsed-direct current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD) method enables the deposition of an enhanced protective DLC film. As a result, the DLC film demonstrated a smooth topography with a compact surface. Furthermore, the DLC film enhanced the mechanical (load-displacement, hardness, and elastic modulus) and tribological properties of Ti as well as increased its corrosion resistance (16-fold), which surpassed that of a bare Ti substrate. The biofilm formed ( Streptococcus sanguinis ) after 24 h exhibited an equal bacterial load (∼7 Log colony-forming units) for both the groups (Ti and DLC). In addition, the DLC film exhibited good cytocompatibility, owing to its noncytotoxicity toward human gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, DLC deposition via DC-PECVD can be considered to be a promising protective and cytocompatible alternative for developing implant abutments with enhanced mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical properties. more...

However, only recently, with the advent of modern imaging techniques and microbiome composition analysis, have researchers been able to fully dissect the biological changes in oral biofilms exposed to SnF SB 2 sb , showing that SnF SB 2 sb -containing toothpaste changes the biofilm architecture and gene expression, making the biofilm less adhesive and non-virulent [[35]]. Dental Caries: Biofilm-Sugar-Dependent Disease Dental caries is a biofilm and sugar-induced disease [[28]]. The oral cavity presents a highly diverse community of microorganisms due to the unique environmental conditions for microbial adhesion and growth [[1]]. [Extracted from the article] more...

Objectives: To test the role of exopolysaccharide (EPS) polymers matrix to modulate the composition/virulence of biofilms growing on titanium (Ti) surfaces, the effect on antibiotic susceptibility, and whether a dual-targeting therapy approach for disrupted EPS matrix could improve the antimicrobial effect. Materials and Methods: A microcosm biofilm model using human saliva as inoculum was used, and the microbial composition was assessed by checkerboard DNA--DNA hybridization. EPS-enriched biofilms virulence was tested using fibroblast monolayer. Povidone-iodine (PI) was used as EPS-targeting agent followed by amoxicillin + metronidazole antibiotic to reduce bacterial biomass using an in situ model. Results: An EPS-enriched environment, obtained by sucrose exposure, promoted bacterial accumulation and led to a dysbiosis on biofilms, favoring the growth of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter s pecies a nd e ven s trict a naerobic species related to peri-implant infections, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia (~3-fold increase). EPS-enriched biofilm transitioned from a commensal aerobic to a pathogenic anaerobic profile. EPS increased biofilm virulence promoting higher host cell damage and reduced antimicrobial susceptibility, but the use of a dual-targeting approach with PI pre-treatment disrupted EPS matrix scaffold, increasing antibiotic effect on in situ biofilms. Conclusion: Altogether, our data provide new insights of how EPS matrix creates an environment that favors putative pathogens growth and shed light to a promising approach that uses matrix disruption as initial step to potentially improve implantrelated infections treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...