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Exponential growth of large-scale data for Neuropterida, an iconic group of insects used in behavioural, ecological, and evolutionary studies, has greatly changed our understanding of the origin and evolution of lacewings and their allies. Recent phylogenomic studies of Neuropterida based on mitogenomes, anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) data, and transcriptomes have yielded a well-resolved and largely congruent phylogeny. Some interfamilial relationships of lacewings, however, remain inconsistent among different phylogenomic studies. Here we re-analysed the genome-scale AHE and transcriptomic data for Neuropterida under the better fitting site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR+G model and recovered a strongly supported and congruent tree for the deeper phylogeny of Neuroptera. Integrating the smaller but more broadly sampled AHE and the larger but less-sampled transcriptomic data, we present a holistic phylogeny of Neuropterida from which to explore patterns of evolution across the clade. Our re-analyses of the largest available datasets of Neuropterida highlight the significance of modelling across-site compositional heterogeneity and model comparison in large-scale phylogenomic studies of insects.

A new genus and species of the lacewing family Hemerobiidae, Cretoneuronema jarzembowskii gen. et sp. nov., is described from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber in northern Myanmar. This new genus has a definite hemerobiid affinity and is characterized by the distally fused ScP and RA in both fore- and hind wing, the presence of forewing RP and MA (= ORB1 and ORB2) separately diverging from R near wing base and closely spaced with each other, the forewing MA with anteriorly directed branches, the deeply forked forewing CuP, and the completely developed hind wing CuP. The new genus resembles some extinct brown lacewing genera, such as Promegalomus Panfilov, 1980, Cretomerobius Ponomarenko, 1992, and Proneuronema Makarkin, Wedmann & Weiterschan, 2016, from the Late Jurassic to Eocene, and represents the second Kachin amber genus of Hemerobiidae, a family that appears to be very rare from this deposit.