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Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell (Fig. 94) Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell 1893, 222. Type data: Australia, host plant not indicated. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Qin & Gullan, 1992, 115). Type depository: NZAC. Pulvinaria greeni Froggatt 1915, 415. Type data: Australia, New South Wales, Condobolin, on Myoporum deserti. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Qin & Gullan 1992, 115). Type depository: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Junior synonym, Qin & Gullan 1992, 115. Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell; Ben-Dov 1993, 257. Material examined: Australia, Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell, no other site details but thought to be New South Wales, on Myoporum sp. (Myoporaceae), 30.ix.1977, no coll (ASCU): 3/3ad ♂♂ (fair-good). Note: Whilst this is not a type specimen, it should be noted that Pulvinaria greeni Froggatt (1915), which was synonymised with P. dodonaeae by Qin & Gullan (1992), was collected off Myoporum deserti (Myoporaceae). Mounted material. Moderate in size, 1.60–1.66 mm long, width across triangular plates (tp) 430–440 μm; body robust; antennae about 3/4 total length of body; body with very few setae, all hair-like setae (hs); fleshy setae (fs) present on antennae and legs; fs fairly easily differentiated from hair-like setae. Head only weakly reticulated. Pores (other than those in glandular pouches) absent. Wings slightly shorter than total body length but quite broad. Head. About 228–240 μm long; width across genae 270–290 μm. Median crest (mc) only very faintly reticu- lated dorsally, of about equal width along entire length or narrowing slightly posteriorly; dorsal head setae (dhs) few, totalling 1–4 hs. Dorsal mid-cranial ridge absent; ventral mid-cranial ridge (vmcr) present, quite long, extending to ocular sclerite (ocs), vmcr with perhaps a few reticulations laterally but without ventral median ridge setae (vmcrs); lateral mid-cranial ridges (lmcr) distinct. Genae (g) with very faint, large reticulations but without genal setae (gs). Eyes: with two pairs of large simple eyes, ventral eyes (vse) slightly larger (60–65 μm wide) than dorsal eyes (dse) (50–55 μm wide); dorsal pair dorsad to scape, ventral pair near posterior margin of head. Ocelli (o) distinct, each 12–18 μm wide. Ocular sclerite (ocs) apparently weakly reticulated. Preocular ridge fairly short dorsally but long ventrally, extending almost to ventral mid-cranial ridge. Postocular ridge (procr) strongly developed, extending almost to median crest dorsally; more or less touching ocelli posteriorly and sometimes with a short extension up dorsal margin; interocular ridge (ior) absent. Dorsal ocular setae (docs): 0 or 1 hs on each side. Ventral head setae (vhs) absent. Tentorial bridge (tb) possibly poorly developed. Cranial apophysis (ca) well developed, with a squarish or slightly trifurcated apex, perhaps 60–66 μm long. Antennae: 10-segmented, filiform. Each 1200 μm long; scape (scp) 40–45 μm long, 53–58 μm wide, with 3 hs on ventral surface and none dorsally; pedicel (pdc) 45–50 μm long, 50–55 μm wide, apparently without polygo- nal reticulations; with 1–3 hs only, all ventral, + a campaniform pore. Segments III–X rather narrow, width 23–28 μm; lengths of segments (μm): III 90–105; IV 140–165; V 178–185; VI 153–195; VII 157–175; VIII 132–150; IX 130–135 and X 110–115; setae: fs each about 30 μm long (1 or 2 much shorter, down to perhaps 13 μm), hs absent; approximate number of fs per segment: III 9–12; IV 20; V 28; VI 27; VII 19; VIII 18 + 1 antennal bristle (ab); IX 18 + 1 ab; X 11 fs, 3 ab + 3 short capitate setae (caps), each about 35 μm long; segment X not constricted apically; one sensilla basiconica on apex. Thorax: Prothorax: pronotal ridge (prnr) strong and fused medially; lateral pronotal sclerite (prn) very narrow and poorly developed; without medial, post-tergital or lateral pronotal setae; post-tergite absent. Prosternum (stn 1) with a strong transverse ridge, each with a small apophysis; median ridge absent, but sternite with a few ridges laterally; pronotal setae (st 1 s), anteprosternal setae (astn 1 s) and antemesospiracular (asp 1 s) setae absent. Proepisternum + cervical sclerite (pepcv) well developed. Mesothorax: prescutum (prsc) large, length 132–136 μm, width 170–180 μm; without reticulations or nodula- tions; prescutal setae absent; prescutal ridge (pscr) and prescutal sclerite (pscs) well developed. Prealare (pra) and triangular plate (tp) well developed. Scutum (sct): median membranous area large, about three times wider than long, length 50–70 μm, width 178–207 μm, with 2–4 pairs short hs scutal setae (scts); scutum without scutal setae laterally, without nodulations laterad to scutellum; prealar ridge (prar) distinct, terminating in a well-developed anterior notal wing process (anp). Scutellum (scl) rectangular and tubular, with a moderately large foramen, length 75–78 μm, width 198–230 μm; with 2–5 pairs of short hs scutellar setae (scls) + 2–4 small pores. Mesopostnotum (pn 2) normal; postnotal apophysis (pna) well developed; area within mesopostnotum membranous. Mesepisternum (eps 2) well developed, without ridges or reticulations. Basisternum (stn 2): length 175–200 μm, width 290–325 μm; median ridge (mdr) strong and complete; bounded by strong marginal (mr) and precoxal (pcr 2) ridges; without basisternal setae; lateropleurite (lpl) large, with a short extension from marginal ridge along anterior border; furca (f) waisted, with long furcal arms extending about 2/3rds to marginal ridge (mr). Postalare (pa) well developed, reticulated at anterior end; postalare setae absent. Mesothoracic spiracle (sp 2) 30 μm wide. Postmesospiracular setae absent. Tegula (teg): well developed, without tegular setae (tegs). Wing sclerites apparently normal. Metathorax: metapostnotum (pn 3) absent; metatergal setae (mts): 0 or 1 on each side. Dorsospiracular setae (dss) absent. Metapleural ridge (plr 3) absent dorsally, short ventrally. Metepisternum (eps 3) unsclerotised, without postmetaspiracular setae (eps 3 s). Metepimeron (epm 3) well developed, without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae absent. Metathoracic spiracle (sp 3): peritreme 28–30 μm wide. Metasternum (stn 3) lightly sclerotised. Anterior metasternal (amss) and posterior metasternal setae (pmss) absent. All structures associated with hamulohalteres absent. Wings: apparently quite broad although mostly very crumpled, length 1375–1425 μm, width about 640 μm (ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.86; ratio of wing length to width 1: 0.47). Without alar lobes, alar setae or alar sensilla. Hamulohalteres (h) absent. Legs: prothoracic legs longest. Fairly setose, mainly with fs or spur-like setae. Coxae (cx) lengths (μm): I 120–125; II 125–133; III 128–138; procoxae without coxal bristles; metacoxae with 19–22 fs + 7 hs; apical seta 25–35 μm long. Trochanter (tr) + femur (f) lengths (μm): I 320–325; II 285–290; III 275–285; each trochanter with a line of oval campaniform pores on each side; metatrochanter with 7–9 fs + 2 or 3 hs; long trochanter seta short, each 38–40 μm long; each metafemur with 28–30 fs + 11 or 12 hs. Tibia (ti) lengths (μm): I 365–375; II 335–350; III 340–345; metatibia with many setae, mostly fs and spur-like on distal half; tibial spurs (tibs) 22–27 μm long. Tarsi (ta) lengths (μm): I 128–130; II 125–128; III 120–130; metatarsi with mostly spur-like setae and fs; tarsal spurs (tabs) barely differentiated, each 18–22 μm long; tarsal campaniform pore (tcp) absent; tarsal digitules (tdt) shorter than claw, capitate. Claws (c) each 27–30 μm long, longer than width of tarsi, slightly curved, with a small denticle; claw digitules (cdt) longer than claw and capitate. Abdomen. Segments I–VII membranous, sclerotisations on sternites (as), tergites (at) and pleurites (ap) absent. Dorsal abdominal setae (ads) few (all hs), segment I with 0; segments II–IV each with 1 pair medially; segments V–VII each with 1 mediolaterally. Ventral abdominal setae (avs) (all hs): segments III–VI each with 1 seta mediolaterally, V & VI each with a pair medially; VII with 2 pairs. Dorsal pleural setae (dps) few, with 1 hs on II and 2 hs on each of segments III–VI; ventral pleural setae (vps) uncertain, perhaps absent. Segment VIII: tergite (at) not apparently sclerotised; caudal extension rounded, with 3 hs. Ante-anal setae present, 1 or 2 hs; sternite VIII sclerotised, forming anterior border of basal membranous area (bma); without setae. Glandular pouches (gp) very deep; glandular pouch setae (gls) (mainly broken) each 125–137 μm long, with slightly capitate apices. Genital segments: segment IX and style fused. Penial sheath (ps) stout, 315–350 μm long; 105–110 μm wide at base; rather parallel-sided proximally and then gradually tapering to a sharp apex (ratio of total body length to penial sheath length 1:0.2). Anus (an) with a sclerotised margin; 28–30 μm wide. Basal rod (bra) very short, length 25–35 μm, not nearly reaching basal membranous area (bma) anteriorly; without an extension posteriorly down aedeagus. Aedeagus (aed) much shorter than penial sheath, broading slightly towards apex, length 150–160 μm; approximately parallel-sided. Style with 5–9 minute setae on each side and a group of sensory pores on apex. Comment. The adult male of P.? dodonaeae is clearly very different from the males of P.? betulae (L.) and P. acericola (Walsh & Riley) described by Giliomee (1967a). In particular, the complete absence of fleshy setae on the body indicates that this species is not at all closely related to Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus), the type species of Pulvinaria, and needs to be placed in another genus. It is also clear from the description of the adult female of P. dodonaeae by Qin & Gullan (1992) that this species is not a member of the Pulvinariini and indeed probably does not belong the subfamily Coccinae! P. dodonaeae is an Australian endemic and is hard to place taxonomically at the present time. The taxonomy of the Pulvinariini is in dire need of revision but currently contains between 18 and 20 genera, with the genus Pulvinaria alone currently including 143 species (García Morales et al. 2019). T. Kondo and L.G. Cook (unpublished data based on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the family Coccidae using DNA sequences based on 18S, 28S and partial CO1 data) and Hodgson and Hardy (unpublished data based on adult male morphology) found the Pulvinariini to be non-monophyletic. Recently, Choi and Lee (2019) concluded that the Pulvinariini did not fall within the family Coccinae and that it was non-monophyletic. Hodgson (1994), in his review of the family Coccidae, divided the tribe Pulvinariini into at least three, fairly distinct groups based on adult female morphology: (i) the Milviscutulus - group, (ii) the Pulvinarisca -group, and (iii) the Pulvinaria -group. These groups were also found in Kondo and Cook’s unpublished study., Published as part of Hodgson, Chris, 2020, A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males, pp. 1-264 in Zootaxa 4765 (1) on pages 241-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3774174, {"references":["Maskell, W. M. (1893) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 25, 201 - 252.","Qin, T. K. & Gullan, P. J. (1992) A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 103 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770061","Froggatt, W. W. (1915) A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (' Coccidae') of Australia. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 26, 411 - 423 + 511 - 516 + 603 - 615.","Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp.","Giliomee, J. H. (1967 a) Morphology and taxonomy of adult males of the family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 7, 1 - 168.","Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2019) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: https: // data. nal. usda. gov / dataset / scalenet-scaleinsects-coccoidea-database (accessed 12 August 2019)","Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp."]}

Lasiacantha darwini, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3a, 4c, 5) Holotype. ♂, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, large claypans N of Wanarra East Rd, 29.50716 ° S 116.93525 ° E, 253 m, 06 May 2009, C Symonds, A Molan, A Wheeler, B Yardley, ex Eremophila sp. (Myoporaceae), det. Field ID (30320) (WAM). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, N of Wanarra East Rd, 29.5 ° S 116.95966 ° E, 251 m, 06 May 2009, C Symonds, A Molan, A Wheeler, B Yardley, ex Acacia tetragonophylla F. Muell. (Mimosaceae), det. WA Herbarium, 1 f (30328) (WAM); Charles Darwin Reserve, large claypans N of Wanarra East Rd, 29.50716 ° S 116.93525 ° E, 253 m, 06 May 2009, C Symonds, A Molan, A Wheeler, B Yardley, ex Eremophila sp. (Myoporaceae), det. Field ID, 2 m (30321, 30322), 1 f (30323) (UNSWIC; WAM); Charles Darwin Reserve, small claypan N of Wanarra East Rd, 29.50483 ° S 116.95291 ° E, 254 m, 06 May 2009, C Symonds, A Molan, A Wheeler, B Yardley, ex Eremophila sp. (Myoporaceae), det. Field ID, 3 m (30324–30326), 1 f (30327) (UNSWIC). Diagnosis. Lasiacantha darwini is recognised by the following combination of characters: weakly mottled mostly pale yellow brown dorsal colouration, with red brown patches (Fig. 5); antennae with AIV orange brown, only slightly darker than remainder, being yellow brown; dorsum greatly spinose; collum, pronotal carinae with major setiferous tubercles; major setiferous tubercles on pronotum and hemelytra moderately elongate, terminal seta half length of tuberculate base; costal area with setiferous tubercles extending to posterior hemelytral margin; carinate margins of discoidal area with major setiferous tubercles, posterior angle with clump of setiferous tubercles; pronotum and hemelytra with only woolly setae; woolly setae elongate, curly, creamy gold; abdominal venter with creamy, short, clavate scalelike setae; cephalic spines elongate, medial spine forked; occipital spines with dorsal branch; collum columnar, higher than medial carina; paranota three areolae wide; costal area two areolae wide; areolae large over entire hemelytra; and, sternal carinae parallel, all equal width. Description. Medium size, macropterous (Fig. 5); males 2.67–2.90, females 2.72–2.81. COLOURATION. Dorsum mottled, mostly pale yellow brown with red brown patches (Fig. 5). Head: red brown; cephalic spines pale brown, apex darker red brown; bucculae pale brown; labium orange brown, apex dark brown; antennae mostly pale yellow brown, AIV orange brown. Pronotum: disc mostly red brown, pale yellow brown posteriorly; paranota slightly mottled, mostly pale brown with few small red brown flecks; collum pale brown; carinae pale brown, medial carina darker red brown medially. Thoracic pleura and sterna: red brown, supracoxal lobes slightly paler; sternal carinae pale yellow brown. Legs: mostly yellow brown, tarsi dark brown. Hemelytra: mottled orange brown and red brown to dark brown; darker patches banded on costal area, at posterior angle of discoidal area, medially in discoidal and sutural areas. Abdominal venter: red brown. VESTITURE. Head: dense distribution of elongate, curly, creamy gold, woolly setae; antennae with minor setiferous tubercles, pale colour, AI–AII with single row of setiferous tubercles with moderately elongate curved terminal seta, AIII setiferous tubercles with greatly elongate with straight terminal seta. Pronotum: paranota margins with moderately elongate major setiferous tubercles, terminal seta half length of tuberculate base; keel and surface of collum and pronotal carinae also with major setiferous tubercles; collum, paranota, pronotal and disc with dense distribution of elongate, curly, creamy gold, woolly setae, same setae as head. Thoracic pleura and sterna: pleura with dense distribution of elongate woolly setae as on dorsum, less dense and shorted on supracoxal lobes; mesosternum with sparse distribution of short, clavate scalelike setae. Legs: minor setiferous tubercles, terminal seta pale colour, elongate, erect, bristlelike on tibiae; setae short and thickened, scalelike on femora. Hemelytra: costal margins with major setiferous tubercles as on paranota, extending to posterior margin of hemelytra; major setiferous tubercles on carinate margins of discoidal area and cubitus + R+M vein, slightly more clumped at anterior angle of discoidal area; moderately dense distribution of woolly, same as pronotum, on costal, subcostal and discoidal areas; white microtrichae sparsely present across subcostal and costal areas at hemelytra base and just anterior to posterior angle of discoidal area. Abdomen: moderately dense distribution of short, clavate, creamy, scalelike setae. STRUCTURE. Head: spines elongate; frontal spines parallel, longer than AI; medial spine forked; occipital spines strongly curved outwards, extending past outer margin of eye; occipital spines with dorsal branch. Antennae: AI short and subequal length to AII, AIV with compact base before clavate apex. Labium: moderate length, extending to metasternum. Pronotum: disc weakly convex; collum columnar, uniformly broad, vertically projected, just higher than medial carina; carinae moderately elevated, one areole wide, medial carina with extra row to three areolae medially; lateral carinae not thickened; paranota rounded semi-circular, three areolae wide. Thoracic sterna: sternal carinae straight, metasternal carinae equal width to mesosternal carinae. Hemelytra: areolae large, subequal in size over entire hemelytra; costal area uniformly two areolae wide; subcostal area two areolae wide; discoidal area three areolae wide; sutural area four areolae wide. Male genitalia: pygophore subquadrate; narrowing posteriorly; rounded and slightly flattened posterior margin; dorsal opening strongly concave, rounded; parameres with sensory lobe rounded, weakly expanded; distal u-shaped endosomal sclerite with shallow cleft, basal branches very short. MEASUREMENTS. Ranges for 5 ♂ and 3 ♀ are given in Table 6. Host plant. Lasiacantha darwini was found on an Eremophila species with a tree habit growing in open shrubland on the edge of claypans (Fig. 4c), with one sitting record from Acacia tetragonophylla, which co-occurs with Eremophila species. Distribution. Collected from three closely located sites in the northern part of Charles Darwin Reserve, Western Australia (Fig. 3a). This reserve sits at the northern edge of the southwest botanical region of Western Australia. Etymology. Named after the type locality and in honour of Charles Darwin. This new species was collected in 2009, the year of the 150th anniversary of the publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species and the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth. The Charles Darwin Reserve was established by Bush Heritage Trust with the support of Chris Darwin, the great great-grandson of Charles Darwin, who also took part in the survey when this new species was discovered. Remarks. Lasiacantha darwini is the most distinct species of the Clade 3 species-group and differs from them by the following characters: shorter woolly setae; absence of hairlike setae on the pronotum; AIV only slightly darker than AI–AIII; and, heavily tuberculate dorsum with major setiferous tubercles all over the collum and always on pronotal carinae., Published as part of Cassis, Gerasimos & Symonds, Celia, 2011, Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the lace bug genus Lasiacantha Stål in Australia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) 2818, pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 2818 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2818.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5289063

Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink Material studied. URUGUAY: Montevideo, ex leaves of Hypoestes phyllostachya (Acanthaceae), 34°54’00.8”S 56°10’18.9”W, 28.xii.2018, coll. Pacheco da Silva, V.C., 7 adult ♀♀, ECFA No. 166; same city and collector, ex leaves of Bougainvillea sp. (Nyctaginaceae), 34°53’30.4”S 56°07’27.5”W, 10.i.2019, 7 adult ♀♀, ECFA No. 167; ex leaves of Aucuba japonica (Aucubaceae), 34°53’30.4”S 56°07’27.5”W, 25.x.2019, 2 adult ♀♀, ECFA No. 259; same host, Melilla, 34°44’30.5”S 56°16’49.5”W, 13.v.2019, coll. Martínez, V., 6 adult ♀♀, ECFA No. 234. Hosts. Polyphagous, reported on Alternanthera sp. (Amaranthaceae), Baccharis sp., (Asteraceae), Eupatorium sp. (Asteraceae) (Granara de Willink & Szumik 2007), Araujia sericifera (Asclepiadaceae), Aucuba japonica (Aucubaceae), Bougainvillea glabra (Nyctaginaceae), Myoporum laetum (Myoporaceae), Solanum vespertilio (Solanaceae) (Beltrá et al. 2010), Buddleja sp. (Buddlejaceae), Coleus scutellarioides (Lamiaceae) (Pencheva & Yovkova 2016), Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae), Dicliptera squarrosa (= Dicliptera suberecta) (Acanthaceae) (Stathas et al. 2015), and Ilex aquifolium (Aquifoliaceae) (Szita et al. 2017). Distribution. Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions (García Morales et al. 2016). This is the first record of Ph. peruvianus in Uruguay., Published as part of Pacheco Da Silva, Vitor C., Kaydan, Mehmet Bora & Basso, Cesar, 2020, Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Uruguay: morphological identification and molecular characterization, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 501-520 in Zootaxa 4894 (4) on page 512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4894.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4316657, {"references":["Granara de Willink, M. C. & Szumik, C. (2007) Phenacoccinae de Centro y Sudamerica (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae): Sistematica y filogenia. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 66, 29 - 129.","Beltra, A., Soto, A., Germain, J. - F., Matile-Ferrero, D., Mazzeo, G., Pellizzari, G., Russo, A., Franco, J. C. & Williams, D. J. (2010) The Bougainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus, a rapid invader from South America to Europe. Entomologia Hellenica, 19, 137 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / eh. 11581","Pencheva, A. & Yovkova, M. (2016) New data on alien insect pests on ornamental plants in Bulgaria. Forestry Ideas, 1, 17 - 33.","Stathas, G. J., Kartsonas, E. D. & Darras, A. I. (2015) Record of Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink and Phenacoccus madeirensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on new host ornamental plants in Greece. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 8, 12 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / hppj- 2015 - 0002","Szita, E., Fetyko, K., Konczne Benedicty, Z., Kozar, F., Partsinevelos, G. K., Milonas, P. G. & Kaydan, M. B. (2017) Data on the scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) fauna of Greece, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4329 (5), 463 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4329.5.4","Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Available from: http: // www. scalenet. info (accessed 1 December 2019)"]}

Myotrioza interstantis Taylor, sp. nov. (Figs 99���106, 127��� 128, 134; Tables 1���8) Types. AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: Holotype: 1 ♂ (dried), Credo Station Reserve, 30 ��04.240'S, 120 �� 35.709 'E, G.S. Taylor, 4.ix. 2011, Swept, Eremophila interstans ssp. interstans, 2011 159, CR 40 (WAM). Paratypes: 3 ♂, 4 ♀ (dried, pointed), 31 ♂, 63 ♀ (dried, in 4 gel. caps), 6 ♂, 6 ♀ (slide), 8 ♂, 8 ♀ (ethanol), same data as holotype (WAM, SAM, WINC); 2 ♀ (dried, pointed), 84 ♂, 87 ♀ (dried, in 4 gel. caps); 3 ♂, 20 ♀, 2 immatures (ethanol), Credo Station Reserve, SW, 30 �� 28.046 'S, 120 �� 43.222 'E, G.S. Taylor, 31.viii. 2011, Swept, Eremophila sp., 2011 132, CR 13 WAM, WINC); 2 ♀ (ethanol), Credo Station Reserve, 30 ��04.225'S, 120 �� 35.755 'E, G.S. Taylor, 4.ix. 2011, Swept, Dodonaea lobulata, 2011 158, CR 39 (WINC); 2 ♀ (ethanol), Credo Station Reserve, Coolgardie North Rd, 30 �� 13.298 'S, 120 �� 38.508 'E, G.S. Taylor, 5.ix. 2011, Swept, Eremophila sp. (no flowers), 2011 167, CR 48 (WINC); 4 ♂, 7 ♀ (dried, pointed), 10 ♀ (dried, in 1 gel. cap.), Credo Station Reserve, Coolgardie North Road, - 30 �� 18 ' 28 ''S, 120 �� 41 ' 21 ''E GDA 94, M. Cheng & C. Symonds, Swept, Eremophila interstans ssp. interstans, MC051 (WAM). Description. Adult (Figs 99���102). Colouration. Male: [specimens in ethanol] Pale yellow brown: vertex with indistinct pale orange brown marking in vicinity of fovea; eyes greyish brown; antennal segments 8���10 progressively dark brown; mesopraescutum with a pair of pale orange brown anterior submedial markings; mesoscutum with a narrow medial and two pairs of pale orange brown submedial markings; fore wings with brown infuscation; hind wings clear; fore wing veins equally pigmented brown; legs pale yellow-brown; abdominal tergites 1���5 with indistinct greyish infuscation; abdominal membrane colouration pale orange; proctiger, subgenital plate and parameres yellow-brown; apices of parameres black. Female: [specimens in ethanol] as for male except generally darker with more prominent markings; abdominal tergites and sternites with brown transverse bands, darker medially and laterally; proctiger and subgenital plate pale yellow-brown with apices dark brown to black. Structure. Measurements as in Tables 4���8. Body short, compact (Figs 99���102). Head (Figs 103���104); vertex with weak medial suture, moderately sunk in vicinity of fovea; genal processes moderate in length, 0.36���0.48 times as long as vertex; antenna very short, 0.55���0.67 times width of head, with a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9; segment 10 with a short bluntly rounded seta and a minute bluntly rounded seta. Fore wing (Figs 105���106) 3.69���4.38 times as long as head width, 2.06���2.97 times as long as wide, short, broad with rounded apex; vein Rs straight, slightly upturned distally, terminating short of wing apex, about same length as vein M, RsM: 0.95���1.07; medial cell smaller than cubital cell; veins M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 short, broadly diverging with corresponding low m 1 cell value: 1.18���1.50; veins Cu 1 a short, arched and Cu 1 b short, each widely divergent with corresponding low cu 1 cell value: 0.82���1.11; metatibia 0.53���0.65 times as long as width of head, similar length to metafemur, without sclerotised apical spurs. Male terminalia (Figs 127���128); proctiger distinctly triangular, narrow basally, with expanded lateral lobes bearing a row of setae on dorsoposterior margin; subgenital plate broadly rounded; parameres (Fig. 128) short, narrow, blade-like, evenly tapering to incurved sclerotised apices; distal portion of aedeagus moderate in length, with asymmetrical apical expansion (Fig. 127). Female terminalia (Fig. 134): proctiger short, triangular, posterior margin flat from lateral aspect and with weakly sclerotised apex; subgenital plate short, triangular with tapering, weakly sclerotised apex; distal portion of proctiger with sparse long pale setae and sparse field of pale weakly hooked setae; subgenital plate with sparse short setae. Comments. Myotrioza interstantis sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following unique combination of characters: habitus as in Figs 99���102, antenna with normal arrangement of rhinaria, fore wing broad with rounded apex, Rs about same length as vein M (Figs 105���106), female proctiger with sparse field of weakly hooked setae, dorsoposterior margin with flat profile and without terminal upward inflection, valvula ventralis curved, ventral profile of female subgenital plate curved (Fig. 134), male proctiger triangular with long setae along dorsoposterior margin, aedeagus elongate, paramere blade-like with pointed apex (Figs 127���128). Myotrioza interstantis sp. nov. is most closely related to M. oppositifoliae sp. nov. (COI sequence divergence 6.7��� 9.5 %), M. remota sp. nov. (COI sequence divergence 7.2���7.9 %) and M. scopariae sp. nov. (COI sequence divergence 7.6���10.3 %) (Table 1). Myotrioza interstantis sp. nov. can be separated from M. oppositifoliae sp. nov. by the profile of the female proctiger (short with flat dorsal margin in the former, elongate with a prominent subterminal lobe in the latter (cf. Figs 134, 183) and by the shape of the male proctiger, aedeagus and paramere. In M. oppositifoliae sp. nov. the dorsoposterior margin of the male proctiger has longer evenly spaced setae, the aedeagus is considerably longer and thinner and the paramere is larger, with a prominent anterior subapical lobe (cf. Figs 127���128, 176��� 177). Myotrioza oppositifoliae sp. nov. is very similar morphologically to M. scopariae sp. nov. but differs from by the profile of the female proctiger (subterminal lobe less distinct, not overhanging in the latter) (cf. Figs 183, 220), shape of the female subgenital plate (more elongate, acute in former, shorter, pointed in latter) (cf. Figs 183, 220) and shape of the paramere (with anterior subapical lobe in former, narrow elongate, without subapical lobe in latter) (cf. Figs 176���177, 213��� 214). Myotrioza interstantis sp. nov. can be separated from M. remota sp. nov. by the profile of the female proctiger (cf. Figs 134, 219). Males of M. remota sp. nov. and M. scopulariae sp. nov. could not be morphologically separated, and require additional specimens to more accurately assess species level boundaries. Etymology. Named after Eremophila interstans, the host species. Host-plant association and distribution. (Tables 2���3). Myotrioza interstantis sp. nov. is recorded from Eremophila interstans (S.Moore) Diels, from several nearby sites at Credo Station, near Coolgardie, Western Australia. It is one of 11 species of Myotrioza gen. nov. and 17 species of Triozidae recorded for Western Australia and is considered endemic to that state. It is the only species of Myotrioza gen. nov. to occur on E. interstans. Eremophila interstans is a broom-like shrub 1���6 m in height with a rounded or flattened top, erect branches, and grey-green leaves. It occurs widely in the Coolgardie region of Western Australia (Chinnock 2007). Its record from Dodonaea lobulata is considered doubtful, being more likely to be vagrant from nearby plants., Published as part of Taylor, Gary S., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. & Austin, Andy D., 2016, A new genus and twenty new species of Australian jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea: Triozidae) from Eremophila and Myoporum (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 4073 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4073.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/270709, {"references":["Chinnock, R. J. (2007) Eremophila and allied genera: a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, Kenthurst, NSW, 672 pp."]}

Myotrioza serrulatae Taylor, sp. nov. (Figs 137, 197���204, 215��� 216, 221; Tables 1���8) Types. AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: Holotype: 1 ♂ (dried, point) Lochada, granite outcrop, N of Killarinie Well, - 29.08872 ��S, 116.54558 ��E, 266 m, 15 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Eremophila serrulata (Pursh), WA 0909 L03 H 10 (WAM); 3 ♀ (dried), 3 ♂, 4 ♀ (slide), same data as holotype (WAM, WINC). Description. Adult (Figs 197���200). Colouration. Male: [specimen in ethanol] Dark brown to black with pale cream-coloured ventral abdomen: vertex dark brown; eyes red; antennal segments 8���10 suffused light brown; pronotum, mesopraescutum and mesoscutum glossy dark brown to black; fore and hind wings clear; fore wing veins R+M+Cu, R and R 1 pigmented very slightly darker brown than other wing veins; legs pale yellow-brown with dark brown to black dorsal infuscation; abdominal tergites 1���5 glossy dark brown; sternites pale creamcoloured, almost white; proctiger, subgenital plate and parameres dark brown. Female: [specimens in ethanol] as for male except considerably paler, yellow-brown with brown markings; vertex pale yellow-brown with brown medial marking in vicinity of fovea; pronotum with pale medial marking; mesopraescutum with a pair of brown longitudinal markings; mesoscutum with 2 pairs brown longitudinal markings; mesoscutellum pale yellow; abdominal tergites brown each with a transverse pale suffusion; sternites light brown each with a transverse pale yellow suffusion; proctiger pale yellow-brown with brown apex; hooked setae contrasting black; subgenital plate pale yellow-brown with apex dark brown. Structure. Measurements as in Tables 4���8. Body short, compact (Figs 197���200). Head (Figs 201���202); vertex with weak medial suture, moderately sunk in vicinity of fovea; genal processes short, 0.39���45 times as long as vertex; antenna (Fig. 137) short, 0.96���1.11 times width of head, with segments 3���4 swollen to bear multiple subapical rhinaria, with 24���30 rhinaria on segment 3, 15��� 18 on segment 4, 4��� 8 on segment 6, and 1���2 subapical rhinaria on segments 8 and 9; segment 10 with a long pointed seta and a short bluntly rounded seta. Fore wing (Figs 203���204) 4.34���5.17 times as long as head width, 2.40���2.86 times as long as wide, short, broad with slightly pointed apex; vein Rs evenly curved to costa, terminating well short of wing apex, considerably shorter than vein M, RsM: 0.63���0.74; medial cell smaller than cubital cell; veins M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 short, broadly diverging with corresponding low m 1 cell value: 1.08���1.19; veins Cu 1 a and Cu 1 b short, each widely divergent with corresponding low cu 1 cell value: 1.38���1.91; metatibia 0.94���1.02 times as long as width of head, longer than metafemur, without sclerotised apical spurs. Male terminalia (Figs 215���216); proctiger conoid, without expanded lateral lobes; subgenital plate broadly rounded; parameres (Fig. 216) short, broad with incurved sclerotised apices; distal portion of aedeagus short, with asymmetrical apical expansion (Fig. 215). Female terminalia (Fig. 221): proctiger short, triangular, posterior margin flat from lateral aspect and with weakly sclerotised apex; subgenital plate, triangular with tapering, weakly sclerotised apex; distal portion of proctiger with long pale setae and dense brush of hooked setae; subgenital plate with sparse long setae. Comments. Myotrioza serratulae sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following unique combination of characters: habitus as in Figs 197���200, antenna with supernumerary rhinaria (24���30 on antennal segment 3, 15��� 18 on segment 4, 4��� 8 on segment 6 and 1���2 on each of segments 8 and 9) (Fig. 137), fore wing short, broad with slightly pointed apex, fore wing veins R+M+Cu, R and R 1 pigmented little darker than other wing veins, Rs considerably shorter than vein M (Figs 203���204), female proctiger short, dorsoposterior margin even rounded with subapical dense field of hooked setae, valvula ventralis little curved, ventral profile of female subgenital plate flat (Fig. 221), male proctiger ovate-conoid, aedeagus short, paramere short, broad with rounded apex (Figs 215���216), host Eremophila, with eremean distribution. For diagnosis from closely related species, see Comments for M. desertorum sp. nov. Etymology. Named after Eremophila serrulata, the host species. Host-plant association and distribution. (Tables 2���3). Myotrioza serrulatae sp. nov. is recorded from Eremophila serrulata (Cunn. ex A. DC.) Druce, from a single locality, Charles Darwin Reserve, Western Australia. It is one of 11 species of Myotrioza gen. nov. and 17 species of Triozidae recorded for Western Australia. It is considered endemic to that state, although it is likely to occupy a broad distribution given that its host is widely distributed in eremean central Australia. It is the only species to occur on E. serrulata. Eremophila serrulata is an erect shrub 1���2.5 m high with spreading interwoven branches. It occurs in mulga, mallee and mixed woodlands and grassland on rocky hills and drainage lines in rock outcrops and on stony and alluvial loams, extending from central western Western Australia, central South Australia (including southern Northern Territory to central western New South Wales (Chinnock 2007)., Published as part of Taylor, Gary S., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. & Austin, Andy D., 2016, A new genus and twenty new species of Australian jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea: Triozidae) from Eremophila and Myoporum (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 4073 (1) on pages 74-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4073.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/270709, {"references":["Chinnock, R. J. (2007) Eremophila and allied genera: a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, Kenthurst, NSW, 672 pp."]}

Myotrioza flindersiana Taylor, sp. nov. (Figs 55 ���62, 81���82, 88; Tables 1���8) Types. AUSTRALIA, South Australia: Holotype: 1 ♂ (slide) Flinders Ranges, Wirreanda Creek, 32 ��05.898'S, 138 �� 17.802 'E, G.S. Taylor, 3.iv. 2011, swept Myoporum platycarpum 2011 0 68 (FR 3) (SAM). Paratypes: 2 ♀ (slide) same data as holotype (SAM, WINC). Other material examined. South Australia: 2 ♀ (slide) Witchelina Station Reserve, 30 ��03.39'S, 137 �� 58.24 'E, G.S. Taylor, 20.x. 2010, swept Eremophila freelingii, 2010 0 19 (W 10) (SAM); 1 ♂ (slide) Flinders Ranges, Parachilna Gorge, 31 ��07.546'S, 138 �� 30.542 'E, G.S. Taylor, 6.iv. 2011, swept Eremophila freelingii, 2011 0 92 (FR 25) (WINC); 1 ♀ (slide) Flinders Ranges, Parachilna Road, 31 ��07.771'S, 138 �� 29.180 'E, R. Kittel, 6.iv. 2011, swept creek vegetation (WINC). Description. Adult (Figs 55���58). Colouration. Male: [specimens in ethanol] Yellow-brown with dark brown to black markings: vertex dark brown; eyes reddish; antennal segments 8���10 dark brown; pronotum, mesopraescutum and mesoscutum dark brown, pale yellow-brown laterally; fore and hind wings with brownish infuscation; fore wing veins equally pigmented brown; legs very pale yellow; abdominal tergites 1���5 pale brown each with a pale medial marking on posterior margin; sternites brown, pale yellow laterally and with pale suffused stripe medially; proctiger, subgenital plate and parameres dark brown. [Male from ���Other material examined��� slightly paler, proctiger pale yellow dorsoapically, parameres brown basally, paler apically and subgenital plate brown with pale yellow posterior margin]. Female: as for male except paler, yellow-brown with brown to orangemarkings; vertex pale yellow-brown with brown medial marking in vicinity of fovea and dark anterior transverse marking; pronotum pale; mesopraescutum with a pair of brown longitudinal markings; mesoscutum with 2 pairs brown longitudinal markings, lateral pair distinctly orange-brown; mesoscutellum dark brown; abdominal tergites dark brown with a pale yellow medial marking and a pair of pale yellow submedial markings; sternites pale yellowbrown with submedial brown markings; proctiger pale yellow-brown with brown marking anteriorly and laterally, with apex dark brown; hooked setae tipped dark brown to black; subgenital plate pale yellow-brown with brown infuscation apically and apex brown. [Females from ���Other material examined��� slightly paler, with markings on head and thorax distinctly orange-brown and markings on abdomen less extensive lighter brown]. Structure. Measurements as in Tables 4���8. Body short, compact (Figs 55���58). Head (Figs 59���60); vertex with moderate medial suture, moderately sunk in vicinity of fovea; genal processes short, 0.36���0.44 times as long as vertex; antenna short, 0.79���0.82 times width of head, with a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9; segment 10 with a long bluntly rounded seta and a short bluntly rounded seta. Fore wing (Figs 61���62) 3.82��� 4.64 times as long as head width, 2.49���2.84 times as long as wide, short, broad with slightly pointed apex; vein Rs evenly curved to costa, terminating well short of wing apex, considerably shorter than vein M, RsM: 0.78���0.84; medial cell smaller than cubital cell; veins M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 short, broadly diverging with corresponding low m 1 cell value: 1.00��� 1.20; veins Cu 1 a short, arched and Cu 1 b short, each widely divergent with corresponding low cu 1 cell value: 1.15���1.31; metatibia 0.93���1.08 times as long as width of head, longer than metafemur, without sclerotised apical spurs. Male terminalia (Figs 81���82); proctiger conoid, without expanded lateral lobes; subgenital plate broadly rounded; parameres (Fig. 82) short, narrow, blade-like, evenly tapering to incurved sclerotised apices; distal portion of aedeagus moderate in length, with asymmetrical apical expansion (Fig. 81). Female terminalia (Fig. 88): proctiger short, triangular, posterior margin flat from lateral aspect and with weakly sclerotised apex; subgenital plate, triangular with tapering, weakly sclerotised apex; distal portion of proctiger with long pale setae and dense brush of hooked setae; subgenital plate with sparse long setae. Comments. Myotrioza flindersiana sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following unique combination of characters: habitus as in Figs 55���58, antenna with normal arrangement of rhinaria, fore wing broad with rounded apex, Rs considerably shorter than vein M (Figs 61���62), female proctiger with dense field of hooked setae, flat profile without terminal upward inflection, valvula ventralis curved, ventral profile of female subgenital plate convex (Fig. 88), male proctiger conoid, aedeagus thin, elongate, paramere triangular with sharply pointed apex (Figs 81���82). For diagnosis from closely related species, see Comments for M. darwinensis sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Host-plant association and distribution. (Tables 2���3). Myotrioza flindersiana sp. nov. is recorded from Myoporum platycarpum and Eremophila freelingii F.Muell. from several localities in the Flinders Ranges and nearby Witchelina Station in eremean South Australia. It is one of 10 species of Myotrioza gen. nov. and 24 species of Triozidae recorded for South Australia. It is considered endemic to that state, although it is likely to occupy a broad distribution given that its hosts are widely distributed in eremean southern and central Australia. It is the only species of Myotrioza gen. nov. from E. freelingii and one of 4 species, namely M. clementsiana sp. nov., M. flindersiana sp. nov., M. myopori sp. nov. and M. platycarpi sp. nov. from M. platycarpum. For distribution of M. platycarpum, refer to M. clementsiana sp. nov. Eremophila freelingii is a shrub 0.8���1.5 m high. It is common in mulga woodlands or mixed shrublands on rocky hills, hard gibber plains and stoney flats, often along drainage courses in northern South Australia, southern Northern Territory, south-western Queensland and north-western New South Wales (Chinnock 2007)., Published as part of Taylor, Gary S., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. & Austin, Andy D., 2016, A new genus and twenty new species of Australian jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea: Triozidae) from Eremophila and Myoporum (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 4073 (1) on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4073.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/270709, {"references":["Chinnock, R. J. (2007) Eremophila and allied genera: a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, Kenthurst, NSW, 672 pp."]}

Myotrioza platycarpi, Taylor sp. nov. (Figs 141, 166���173, 180��� 181, 185; Tables 1���8) Types. AUSTRALIA, South Australia: Holotype: 1 ♂ (dried) Moorunde Wildlife Reserve, 34 �� 25.184 'S, 139 �� 31.246 'E, G.S. Taylor, 30.iii. 2013, swept Myoporum platycarpum, 2013 0 0 5 (SAM). Paratypes: 6 ♂, 5 ♀ (dried), 5 ♂, 5 ♀ (slide), 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (ethanol), same data as holotype (SAM, WINC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (dried) same data except 9.vi.2013, 2013 0 16 (WINC); 1 ♂ (dried) Flinders Ranges, Beltana Station, 30 �� 48.508 'S, 138 �� 25.260 'E, R. Kittel, 7.iv. 2011, roadside vegetation (WINC); 1 ♀ (dried) Flinders Ranges, 18 km E Blinman, Eregunda Creek, 31 ��05.604'S, 138 �� 51.940 'E, R. Kittel, 8.iv. 2011, sweeping Senna artemisioides (WINC); 6 ♂, 4 ♀ (dried), 6 ♂, 2 ♀ (ethanol), Hiltaba Station Reserve, 32 ��06.145'S, 135 �� 12.375 'E, G.S. Taylor, 14.xi. 2012, swept Myoporum platycarpum, 2012 109 (H 23) (WINC); 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (ethanol), Hiltaba Bush Blitz, 32.10246 ��S, 135.20624 ��E, R. Kittel, 14.xi. 2012, sweeping Myoporum (WINC); 7 ♀ (dried) Moorunde Wildlife Reserve, 34 �� 25.185 'S, 139 �� 31.240 'E, G.S. Taylor & L. Krogmann, 8.xii. 2013, swept Myoporum platycarpum, 2013 154 SE 120 (WINC). Victoria: 6 ♂, 1 ♀ (ethanol) Sturt Hwy, 100 km W Mildura [~ 34 �� 16 'S, 141 ��02'E], G.S. Taylor, 21.vi. 1999, on Myoporum platycarpum (WINC). Northern Territory: 1 ♂ (dried) 3.6 km NW of Henbury homestead, Towards 3 Mile Creek, 1.5 km W Stuart Hwy, 24 �� 31 ' 33 ''S, 133 �� 13 ' 59 ''E, 431m, 16.v. 2013, M. Cheng, C. Bayer, M. Colquhoun, beat Eremophila sturtii BBHS 13 L 15 H 24 (WAM); 11 ♂, 7 ♀ (dried), 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (ethanol), Henbury Station, 14 km NE from Henbury homestead, North of Chandler Range, approx 2.3 km from Stuart Hwy, 24 �� 27 ' 56 ''S, 133 �� 21 ' 7 ''E, 549m, 17.v. 2013 M. Cheng & C. Duykers, beat Eremophila sturtii BBHS 13 L 20 H 31 (WAM, WINC). Description. Adult (Figs 166���169). Colouration. Male: Vertex brown with dark brown marking in vicinity of fovea and darker anteriorly (some specimens uniformly dark brown); genal processes dark brown basally, pale brown apically; eyes reddish brown; antennal segments 1���7 yellow-brown, segments 8���10 dark brown to almost black; pronotum brown to dark brown with a pale yellow-brown medial marking and pale yellow-brown on lateral margin; mesopraescutum brown to dark brown with a pale yellow-brown thin medial stripe; mesoscutum with a dark brown medial stripe, two pairs of submedial markings and pale yellow-brown lateral margin (darker specimens uniformly dark brown medially with pale lateral margin); mesoscutellum brown to dark brown; fore and hind wings clear; fore wing veins equally pigmented brown; mesothoracic pleurite pale laterally, dark brown basally; legs pale yellow-brown, femora with medial brown marking, ultimate tarsal segments dark brown to black; meracanthus pale yellow-brown; abdominal tergites 1���5 dark brown to black sternites pale yellow-brown with variable brown submedial marking; proctiger, subgenital plate and parameres yellow-brown; apices of parameres black. Female: as for male except with generally paler brown markings in vicinity of fovea, on mesopraescutum, mesoscutum and abdominal tergites; proctiger and subgenital plate pale yellow-brown with apices dark brown to black; proctiger with additional dark brown infuscation basally, in vicinity of circumanal pore ring and dorsomedially. Structure. Measurements as in Tables 4���8. Body short, compact (Figs 166���169). Head (Figs 170���171); vertex with prominent medial suture, deeply sunk in vicinity of fovea; genal processes very short, 0.16���0.20 times as long as vertex; antenna very short, 0.51���0.65 times width of head, with 2 subapical rhinarium on each of segments 3 and 4, and a single subapical rhinaria on each of segments 6, 8 and 9; segment 10 with a bluntly rounded seta and a very short bluntly rounded seta. Fore wing (Figs 172���173) 3.78���4.42 times as long as head width, 2.50���2.88 times as long as wide, short, broad with rounded apex; vein Rs straight, slightly upturned distally, terminating short of wing apex, about same length as vein M, RsM: 0.95���1.08; medial and cubital cells subequal; veins M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 short, broadly diverging with corresponding low m 1 cell value: 1.68���1.93; veins Cu 1 a short, arched and Cu 1 b short, each widely divergent with corresponding low cu 1 cell value: 1.03���1.49; metatibia 0.86���0.94 times as long as width of head, considerably longer than metafemur, with 2 inner and 1 outer sclerotised apical spurs. Male terminalia (Figs 180���181); proctiger conoid, without lateral lobes; subgenital plate broadly rounded; parameres (Fig. 181) very short, broad, blade-like, evenly tapering to incurved sclerotised apices; distal portion of aedeagus short, with asymmetrical apical expansion (Fig. 180). Female terminalia (Figs 141, 185): proctiger short, truncate, with sclerotised apex; subgenital plate short, triangular with tapering sclerotised apex; distal portion of proctiger and subgenital plate with short setae. Comments. Myotrioza platycarpi sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following unique combination of characters: habitus as in Figs 166���169 antenna with supernumerary rhinaria, fore wing elongate with rounded apex, Rs about same length as vein M (Figs 172���173), female proctiger short with short setae, rounded blunt profile without terminal upward inflection, valvula ventralis little curved, ventral profile of female subgenital plate curved (Fig. 141, 185), male proctiger conoid without lateral lobe, aedeagus short, paramere broadly ovate with rounded apex (Figs 180���181). Myotrioza platycarpi sp. nov. appears as sister to a clade comprising M. interioris sp. nov., M. myopori sp. nov., M. markmitchelli sp. nov., M. eremi sp. nov., M. desertorum sp. nov. (Fig. 1). On the basis of the presence of supernumerary rhinaria, it is likely that M. serrulatae sp. nov. (not represented in phylogeny) belongs to this clade. Myotrioza platycarpi sp. nov. is not particularly closely related to any species (COI sequence divergence> 11 % to its closest congeners) (Table 1): M. insularis sp. nov. (COI sequence divergence 11.7���12.4 %), M. clementsiana sp. nov. (12.9 %), M. longifoliae sp. nov. (13.1���13.8 %), M. markmitchelli sp. nov. (14.8 %), M. interioris sp. nov. (15.0%) and M. myopori sp. nov. (15.3���15.5 %) (Table 1). It differs from these species by the short, rounded profile of the female proctiger, a character that is shared only with M. longifoliae sp. nov., but in the latter the female proctiger has long pale setae and and sparse field of pale weakly hooked setae (cf. Figs 138, 141). The male paramere for the latter differs in that it is short, broad, with posterior hooked setae. (cf. Figs 129���130, 180��� 181). Myotrioza platycarpi sp. nov. differs from M. interioris sp. nov., M. myopori sp. nov., M. markmitchelli sp. nov., M. eremi sp. nov., M. desertorum sp. nov. as it is the only species in this postulated sister clade not to possess pigmented fore wing veins R+M+Cu, R and R 1. Etymology. Named after Myoporum platycarpum, the host species. Host-plant association and distribution. (Tables 2���3). Myotrioza myopori sp. nov. is recorded from Myoporum platycarpum R.Br. (Sugarwood, False Sandalwood) at widely separated localities at Beltana Station and Blinman in the Flinders Ranges, Hiltaba Station near the Gawler Ranges, near Blanchetown in eremean South Australia, north-eastern Victoria and from E. sturtii R.Br. at Henbury in the Northern Territory. It is one of 10 species of Myotrioza gen. nov. and 24 species of Triozidae recorded for South Australia; the only species of Myotrioza and one of only 5 species of Triozidae from Victoria; and the only species of Myotrioza and one of only 3 species of Triozidae from Northern Territory. It is likely to occupy a broad distribution given that its host plants are widely distributed in southern and central Australia. It is one of 4 species of Myotrioza gen. nov., namely M. clementsiana sp. nov., M. flindersiana sp. nov., M. myopori sp. nov. and M. platycarpi sp. nov. from M. platycarpum and the only species from E. sturtii. For distribution of M. platycarpum, refer to M. clementsiana sp. nov. Eremophila sturtii is a multi-stemmed shrub 1���3 m high that occurs on red loamy and sandy soils in Eucalyptus, Acacia and Casuarina woodlands in northern South Australia and southern Northern Territory and in eremean eastern South Australia, south-western Queensland and western New South Wales (Chinnock 2007). Its record from Senna artemisioides is considered doubtful, being more likely to be vagrant from nearby plants., Published as part of Taylor, Gary S., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. & Austin, Andy D., 2016, A new genus and twenty new species of Australian jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea: Triozidae) from Eremophila and Myoporum (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 4073 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4073.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/270709, {"references":["Chinnock, R. J. (2007) Eremophila and allied genera: a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, Kenthurst, NSW, 672 pp."]}

5. Dibbler Parantechinus apicalis French: Dibbler / German: Sprenkelbeutelmaus / Spanish: Dibbler Other common names: Southern Dibbler Taxonomy. Phascogale apicalis Gray, 1842, south-west Western Australia, Australia. In 1947, G. H. H. Tate erected Parantechinus (his P. apicalis) to accommodate one of three species that had originally been classified as Phascogale. On the basis of their reduced or absent fourth premolar teeth in both mandibles (P4), and their inflated auditory bullae (bulbous ear chamber bone), Tate placed this genus in his subfamily Dasyurinae along with Dasyurus, Sarcophilus, Pseudantechinus, and Myoictis. In 1964, W. D. L. Ride rejected the significance of P4 size variation and allocated Parantechinus to Antechinus. Then in 1982, phylogenetic analyses of allozyme data confirmed Tate’s original contention that P. apicalis was more closely related to Dasyurus than to Antechinus. That same year, M. Archer duly resurrected Parantechinus. A recent phylogenetic study using mtDNA and nDNA found that P. apicalis, while genetically distinct, was not consistently resolved as sister to either the New Guinean Myoictis or the Kaluta (Dasykaluta rosamondae). Indeed, a sister group relationship of P. apicalis and the Sandstone Pseudantechinus (Pseudantechinus bilarni) could not be rejected. Monotypic. Distribution. SW Australia, only known from Fitzgerald River National Park in Western Australia and on Boullanger and Whitlock Is. Successfully translocated into Peniup proposed nature reserve, Stirling Range National Park, and Escape I, all in Western Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 14-5 cm (males) and 14 cm (females), tail 10-5—-11:5 cm (males) and 9-5 cm (females); weight 60-125 g (males) and 40-73 g (females). The Dibbleris sexually dimorphic in size. Individuals on Boullanger and Whitlock islands are significantly smaller than those on the mainland. The Dibbler is brownish-gray flecked, with white above and grayish-white tinged with yellow below. Dibblers are readily distinguished by their tapering, hairy tail, white rings around eyes, and flecked appearance of their coarse fur. Habitat. Scrub and heath plant communities. Time since burn in an area is apparently important for persistence of Dibblers, with older flora being preferred. Possibly, Dibblers will occupy younger vegetation when Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) are excluded. One study conducted on Boullanger and Whitlock islands found that Dibblers preferred dense vegetation. This was particularly the case on Whitlock Island, where trapping success rate was greatest in thick, low, closed heath and succulent heath dominated by Atriplex cinerea (Chenopodiaceae) and Nitraria billardierei (Zygophyllaceae) found in the center and southern end of the island. On Boullanger Island, Dibblers also preferred dense vegetation because more individuals were caught in low, closed heath and fore-dune heath dominated by Scaevola crassifolia (Goodeniaceae), Olearia axillaris (Asteraceae), and Myoporum insulare (Myoporaceae) than in open scrubland and thicket of Lepidosperma gladiatum (Cyperaceae). In this area, open scrubland had large, recently introduced Acacia (Fabaceae) trees; during this study, researchers observed an increase in percent cover of this vegetation. This corresponded to a decrease in numbers of Dibblers trapped in low closed heath and fore-dune heath habitats and comparatively more Dibblers captured in open scrub. Food and Feeding. The Dibbler eats a variety of arthropods and some small vertebrates. On Boullanger and Whitlock islands, their diets are ¢.20% plant material; fecal analysis indicated that they took prey from ten orders of invertebrates, including spiders, cockroaches, beetles, earwigs, bugs, flies, wasps, scorpions, grasshoppers, and crickets. Prey was up to 2-5 cm in length. In one study, Dibblers fed opportunistically on whatever was available; thus, they were deemed insectivorous generalists. Another study found that on Whitlock Island,significantly greater trapping success was recorded in dune scrubland dominated by N. billardierei and fore-dune heath than in succulent heath. Feces contained arthropods (65%) and vegetable matter (25%), confirming that Dibblers on islands were chiefly insectivorous and only rarely eat vertebrate prey. Breeding. Dibblers breed annually in March, and females carry as many as eight young in their shallow pouch. Young remain dependent on the mother for 3-4 months; they are ready to breed at 10-11 months old. During mating, a single copulation may last for several hours; a mating pair may copulate more than once during the mating period. Captive individuals (male and female) from mainland and island populations may enter breeding condition in at least two successive seasons. In the wild, in some years only, all males on Boullanger Island die after theirfirst breeding season. Thisis in contrast to mainland males that survive beyond their first breeding season in the field and laboratory. In a study of reproduction in captive Dibblers from islands, females were monoestrous; island males were potentially capable of breeding in more than one season. Dibblers from islands were smaller than mainland conspecifics, but the estimated length of pseudo-pregnancy was similar. This research suggested that die-off of males observed in each of the three years following their discovery was not an inevitable event; rather, it was a facultative response to adverse environmental factors and quite different from physiological, stress-related response seen in species of Antechinus, Phascogale, and Dasykaluta. Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Listed as Endangered in Australia. The Dibbler was presumed extinct until a pair was collected by chance in 1967 at Cheyne Beach near Albany, on the southern coast of Western Australia. Small numbers of individuals were later captured at several localities on the mainland from Fitzgerald River National Park to the east of Cheyne Beach and from Torndirrup National Park in the west. In early days of European settlement of Western Australia, the Dibbler was far more widespread, being recorded from the Moore River region to King George Sound. Clearing of land for farming from the mid-1800s onward may have been responsible for reducing its distribution. Nevertheless, geologically recent fossil remains have been found from Shark Bay to Bremer Bay in Western Australia and from Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, indicating that the Dibbler’s distribution was contracting even prior to European arrival. The Dibbler is a rare species; the global population probably consists of ¢.500-1000 mature individuals, and there have been some population declines. It occurs in less than 5000 km?its distribution is severely fragmented, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality ofits habitat. Existence of apparently thriving island populations suggests that isolation has afforded some protection to the Dibbler. The three island populations, not discovered until 1985, include ¢.200 individuals and the translocated population on Escape Island (from captive-bred individuals from Boullanger and Whitlock islands) consists of ¢.30 adults. Island populations have declined in recent decades. Population size of Dibblers fluctuatessignificantly with rainfall. Introduced Red Fox and domestic and feralcats are known to prey on Dibblers and are found throughoutits known mainland distribution; however, these pests fortunately are not present on the islands. The plant disease Phytophthora cinnamomi (a soil-borne water mold that causes dieback) is a threat to Dibblers because it adversely alters their habitat. Introduced House Mice (Mus musculus) are also a competitive threat on Boullanger and Whitlock islands. The Dibbler is dependent on habitat that has not been recently burned; thus, frequent and intense fire is a major threat. A recovery plan was developed for the species for 2003-2013. Captive breeding of individuals from Fitzgerald River permitted translocation of Dibblers to the proposed Peniup Nature Reserve and Stirling Range National Park. Recommendations made in the Dibbler recovery plan include monitoring known populations; surveying for additional populations; protecting existing populations from threatening processes (including prevention of exotic predators from the islands); controlling red fox and cats on mainland sites with Dibblers; implementing fire management; preventing spread of dieback; studying feasibility of eradicating mice from Boullanger and Whitlock islands; maintaining and expanding captive breeding populations for further translocations; and promoting awareness of Dibbler conservation to the public and land managers. Bibliography. Archer (1982c), Baverstock et al. (1982), Bencini et al. (2001), Dickman & Braithwaite (1992), Friend (2004), Friend, Burbidge & Morris (2008), Miller et al. (2003), Mills & Bencini (2000), Mills et al. (2004), Moro (2003), Ride (1964), Tate (1947), Westerman et al. (2007), Woolley (1971b, 1977, 1980, 1991c, 2008d), Woolley & Valente (1982)., Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson, 2015, Dasyuridae, pp. 232-348 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5 Monotremes and Marsupials, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 292, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6608102

The Golden-rayed Blue, Candalides noelkeri sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), from the Wimmera of western Victoria, Australia, is described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia and immature stages are figured, described and compared with those of Candalides heathi and C. xanthospilos. Candalides noelkeri sp. nov. is placed in the C. xanthospilos species-group, being most closely allied to and allopatric with C. heathi. It is predominantly univoltine, with adults usually present from late November to early February. However, it has a facultative pupal diapause that gives rise to a partial overlapping second generation in mid-summer. The species is ecologically specialized, monophagous and has a narrow geographical range, currently known only from two localities in a restricted area near Natimuk. Within this limited area it is restricted to flood plains bordering natural salt-lakes where the larval food plant, a prostrate form of Myoporum parvifolium (Myoporaceae), grows as a low spreading ground cover plant. Morphological and geological evidence suggest a recent (late Pleistocene) allopatric speciation event between C. noelkeri sp. nov. and C. heathi. The small, peripheral spatial distribution of C. noelkeri sp. nov. implies that differentiation has been achieved by the founder effect, either through peripheral isolates speciation (peripatric speciation) or postspeciation dispersal, possibly as a result of a barrier created by the volcanic plains in western Victoria. Available information indicates that C. noelkeri sp. nov., Victoria's only endemic species of butterfly, is facing a high risk of extinction and accordingly its conservation status should be considered as Endangered. The most serious threat at the type locality is habitat change or succession caused by invasion of Melaleuca halmaturorum, which is creating a dense shaded paperbark forest that is reducing both the preferred open sunny microhabitat and the extent of the larval food plant. Recognition of C. noelkeri sp. nov. as a flagship taxon is likely to enhance the conservation of biodiversity in remnant flood plain/salt-lake ecosystems of temperate south-eastern Australia. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 275–299.

M. duplexicolor sp. n. (Figs. 85, 86, 94, 159) Type locality: W. Australia, Quinns Rocks. Type specimens. Holotype ♂ (SAMA) Quinns Rocks W.A., 24.ix.55., Acacia [S. Barker Collection] / HOLOTYPE Melobasis duplexicolor sp. n. B. Levey 2010. Paratypes as follows. Western Australia: 1♀ (SAMA) same data as Holotype; 1 unsexed Coronation Beach, 20km N. Geraldton 7–8.xi.81, H. & A. Howden; 5♂, 2♀ (BMNH, NMWC) Dongarra, 6–19.ix.1935 & 23.viii–5.ix.1935, R.E.Turner; 2♂, 1♀ (ANIC, MVA) Geraldton J. Clark; 1♂ (SAMA) Geraldton; 2♀ (SAMA, BPBM) Geraldton & Mullewa, Lea; 1♂ (ANIC) Mundaring, J. Clark; 15♂, 11♀ (NMWC, WAMA) Rottnest; 1♂ (SAMA) Rottnest Res. Stn., Acacia rostellifera Benth., 3.ix.56, S. Barker; 1♂ (SAMA) Rottnest, 1/ 4 mile E.N.E. Radar Hut, Myoporum insulare, 3.ix.56, S. Barker. 2 ♀ (SAMA) W. Australia. Diagnosis. Length 6.9–9.1 mm. Male and female colour dimorphic; upperside of male golden-green, the lateral margins and apices of the elytra more or less copper or purple (Fig. 85); upperside of female yellow-bronze to brown-bronze, more or less suffused with copper or purple (Fig. 86); serrations of lateral margins of elytra well defined and acute (Fig. 94); aedeagus weakly widening from the basal piece to the widest point; apex of median lobe produced with the tip pointed (Fig. 159). Comments. No other consistent differences were noted between M. duplexicolor and M. thoracica apart from those mentioned above. In the field bronze M. thoracica from S.W. Australia are likely to be misidentified as female M. duplexicolor. Bionomics. Adults collected between August and November. Adults have been collected from Acacia rostellifera Benth. (Fabaceae), Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer (Myrtaceae) (Geraldton Wax), Myoporum insulare R. Br. (Myoporaceae). Larval hosts unknown., Published as part of Levey, Brian, 2012, 3464, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3464 on pages 15-16

Minuartiaceae = Caryophyllaceae Mirabilidaceae = Nyctaginaceae Misodendraceae, 282 Mitrastemonaceae, 344 Mitrastemonales = Ericales Miyoshiaceae = Petrosaviaceae Miyoshiales = Petrosaviales Modeccaceae = Passifloraceae Molluginaceae, 309 Monardaceae = Lamiaceae Monimiaceae, 26 Monimiales = Laurales Monodoraceae = Annonaceae Monotaceae = Dipterocarpaceae Monotropaceae = Ericaceae Monotropales = Ericales Monsteraceae = Araceae Montiaceae, 310 Montiniaceae, 360 Moraceae, 154 Morales = Rosales Moreniaceae = Arecaceae Morinaceae = Caprifoliaceae Moringaceae, 260 Moringales = Brassicales Mouririaceae = Melastomataceae Moutabeaceae = Polygalaceae Muntingiaceae, 249 Musaceae, 85 Musales = Zingiberales Mutisiaceae = Asteraceae Myodocarpaceae, 412 Myoporaceae = Scrophulariaceae Myoporales = Lamiales Myricaceae, 158 Myricales = Fagales Myriophyllaceae = Haloragaceae Myristicaceae, 15 Myristicales = Magnoliales Myrobalanaceae = Combretaceae Myrobalanales = Myrtales Myrothamnaceae, 123 Myrothamnales = Gunnerales Myrothamnanae, J Myrrhiniaceae = Myrtaceae Myrsinaceae = Primulaceae Myrsinales = Ericales Myrtaceae, 222 Myrtales, 41 Myrtanae = Rosanae Myrtidae = Magnoliidae Mystropetalaceae = Balanophoraceae Najadaceae = Hydrocharitaceae Najadales = Alismatales Najadanae = Lilianae Nandinaceae = Berberidaceae Nandinales = Ranunculales Nanodeaceae = Santalaceae Napoleonaeaceae = Lecythidaceae Narcissaceae = Amaryllidaceae Narcissales = Asparagales Nardaceae = Poaceae Nartheciaceae, 44 Nartheciales = Dioscoreales Nassauviaceae = Asteraceae Naucleaceae = Rubiaceae Nectaropetalaceae = Erythroxylaceae Neilliaceae = Rosaceae Nelsoniaceae = Acanthaceae Nelumbonaceae, 116 Nelumbonales = Proteales Nelumbonanae = Proteanae Nelumbonidae = Magnoliidae Nemacladaceae = Campanulaceae Neottiaceae = Orchidaceae Nepenthaceae, 289 Nepenthales = Caryophyllales Nepenthanae = Caryophyllanae Nepetaceae = Lamiaceae Nesogenaceae = Orobanchaceae Neuradaceae, 250 Neuradales = Malvales Neuwiediaceae = Orchidaceae Nhandirobaceae = Cucurbitaceae Nicotianaceae = Solanaceae Nigellaceae = Ranunculaceae Nitrariaceae, 236 Nitrariales = Sapindales Nolanaceae = Solanaceae Nolanales = Solanales Nolinaceae = Asparagaceae Nonateliaceae = Rubiaceae Nopaleaceae = Cactaceae Noranteaceae = Marcgraviaceae Nothofagaceae, 156 Nothofagales = Fagales Nupharaceae = Nymphaeaceae Nuytsiaceae = Loranthaceae Nyctaginaceae, 308 Nyctaginales = Caryophyllales Nyctanthaceae = Oleaceae Nymphaeaceae, 4 Nymphaeales, 2 Nymphaeanae, B Nymphaeidae = Magnoliidae Nypaceae = Arecaceae Nyssaceae = Cornaceae Nyssales = Cornales Obolariaceae = Gentianaceae Ochnaceae, 187 Ochnales = Malpighiales Ochnanae = Rosanae Ochranthaceae = Staphyleaceae Octoknemaceae = Olacaceae Oenotheraceae = Onagraceae Oenotherales = Myrtales Oftiaceae = Scrophulariaceae Olacaceae, 278 Olacales = Santalales Oleaceae, 365 Oleales = Lamiales Oleanae = Asteranae Oliniaceae = Penaeaceae Olyraceae = Poaceae Onagraceae, 220 Onagrales = Myrtales Oncothecaceae, 346 Oncothecales, 53 Onosmaceae = Boraginaceae Operculariaceae = Rubiaceae Ophiopogonaceae = Asparagaceae Ophioxylaceae = Apocynaceae Ophiraceae = Grubbiaceae Ophiuraceae = Poaceae Ophrydaceae = Orchidaceae Opiliaceae, 279 Oporanthaceae = Amaryllidaceae Opuntiaceae = Cactaceae Opuntiales = Caryophyllales Orchidaceae, 62 Orchidales = Asparagales Orchidanae = Lilianae Orchididae = Magnoliidae Ornithogalaceae = Asparagaceae Ornitrophaceae = Sapindaceae Orobanchaceae, 377 Orobanchales = Lamiales Orontiaceae = Araceae Orontiales = Alismatales Ortegaceae = Caryophyllaceae Oryzaceae = Poaceae Osyridaceae = Santalaceae Osyridales = Santalales Oxalidaceae, 175 Oxalidales, 38 Oxalidanae = Rosanae Oxycladaceae = Plantaginaceae Oxycoccaceae = Ericaceae Oxystylidaceae = Cleomaceae Pachysandraceae = Buxaceae Pacouriaceae = Apocynaceae Paeoniaceae, 126 Paeoniales = Saxifragales Paeonianae = Saxifraganae Pagamaeaceae = Rubiaceae Paivaeusaceae = Picrodendraceae Palmae = Arecaceae Pancratiaceae = Amaryllidaceae Pandaceae, 180 Pandales = Malpighiales Pandanaceae, 51 Pandanales, 13 Pandananae = Lilianae Pangiaceae = Achariaceae Panicaceae = Poaceae Papaveraceae, 109, Published as part of Reveal, James L., Chase, Mark W., Iii, - Apg & Iii, Apg, 2011, APG III: Bibliographical Information and Synonymy of Magnoliidae Abstract Kew words Introduction, pp. 71-134 in Phytotaxa 19 (1) on pages 126-127, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.4

370. Scrophulariaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 117. 4 Aug 1789, nom. cons. Bontiaceae Horan., Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 77. 2 Nov 1834 Buddlejaceae K.Wilh., Samenpflanzen: 90. Oct 1910, nom. cons. Caprariaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 102. 3 Aug 1820 Hebenstretiaceae Horan., Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 76. 2 Nov 1834 Hemimeridaceae Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xlix. 23 Dec 2001 Limosellaceae J.Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 340. Apr–Sep 1858 Myoporaceae R.Br., Prodr.: 514. 27 Mar 1810, nom. cons. Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal, Phytologia 74: 284. 28 Apr 1993 Selaginaceae Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève [Mém. Sélag.: 19] 2: 89. 1823, nom. cons. Verbascaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, P ř ir . Rostlin: 243. Jan–Apr 1820, Published as part of Reveal, James L., Chase, Mark W., Iii, - Apg & Iii, Apg, 2011, APG III: Bibliographical Information and Synonymy of Magnoliidae Abstract Kew words Introduction, pp. 71-134 in Phytotaxa 19 (1) on page 109, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.4

Chlamydopteryx mammoides sp.n. (Figs 1���3) Type material. Holotype, female, [Australia, Queensland], Mapleton, 7.iv. [19] 57, E.F. Henzell, ���Reg. # 43753 ��� (UQIC). Paratypes, 3 females, [Australia, Queensland], ex Eremophila mitchellii Benth. (Myoporaceae), 48.6 km NW of Charleville, 26 ��08' 49 "S 145 �� 51 ' 49 "E, 365m, 1.xi 1998, Schuh, Cassis & Silveira (2 in AMS, 1 in ASCU). Description. Total length: Females: (n= 3) 4.7���5.4 mm (mean = 5.07 mm). Metope light yellow, with smooth black orbs medially and black transverse stripes laterally. Clypeus light yellow, with dark brown transverse and longitudinal stripes. Genae light yellow. Coryphe dark brown, with light yellow spots. Pronotum dark brown, with light yellow median line, tubercules and paranotal lobes. Mesonotum black, with light yellow median line. Fore wings smooth. Corium of fore wings dark brown, sometimes black, with fuzzy light yellow band medially and with light yellow spots and transverse veins distally. Clavus dark brown, with light yellow spots. Hind wings dark brown. Thoracic sternites and trochanters light yellow. Femora and tibiae with brown internal sides and light yellow, with light brown stripes external sides. Abdominal sternites IV-VI light yellow, excluding brownish middle parts and two dark brown spots on each side laterally. Abdominal sternite VII with dark brown lateral parts (almost completely covered by sternite VI). Gonoplacs and anal tube dark brown. Apices of spines of legs black. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin noun ���mamma��� = bust, referring to the two rounded orbs on the metope. Distribution. Queensland. Note. This species is placed in the genus Chlamydopteryx by virtue of its wide fore wings and triangularly elongate gonoplacs but differs from all other species in the genus in the surface structure of the metope. The presence of the two rounded orbs on the metope implies a function similar to that suggested by Constant (2005: 62) for the smooth prominences on the metope of Gelastopsis insignis Kirkaldy, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae) as being mimicry of the large frontal eyes of salticid spiders. Many of these spiders are of similar size to these insects and move with short jumps. Although C. mammoides has not been observed alive, it is suggested that these insects may move in a similar manner to strengthen the ruse. Observations of living G. insignis by Mr Peter Chew of Brisbane and reported by Constant (2005) support this hypothesis. Within the Australian Issidae, only Chlamydopteryx sidnicus (Kirkaldy 1906), comb. n. has a comparable feature ��� a white oval inside a black field (Fig. 4)., Published as part of Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. & Fletcher, Murray J., 2010, A review of the Australian genera of the planthopper family Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) with description of an unusual new species of Chlamydopteryx Kirkaldy, pp. 35-45 in Zootaxa 2366 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275776, {"references":["Constant, J. 2005. Revision of the Eurybrachidae (IV). The Australian genus Gelastopsis Kirkaldy, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 75, 57 - 69.","Kirkaldy, GW. 1906. Leafhoppers and their natural enemies (Pt. IX. Leafhoppers - Hemiptera). Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. Division of Entomology, 1, 271 - 479."]}

Cymbalaria pallida (TEN.) WETTST. Salzburg: Pongau, Gasteiner Tal, Badgastein, Windischgrätzhöhe, verwildert an einer Mauer, ca. 1220 m, 8844/4, 07.11.200 6, leg. F. Gruber, det. OS, Herbarium F. Gruber. Neu für Österreich. Diese mit der "Flora Europaea" (WEBB 1972) bestimmte und durch die grossen Blüten auffallende Art stammt ursprünglich von den Gebirgen Zentral-Italiens, wurde jedoch auch schon z.B. in Tschechien und Grossbritannien, aber auch mehrfach in Süddeutschland (vgl. HOHLA 2004) adventiv nachgewiesen. Aus Österreich war sie bislang jedoch nicht bekannt (vgl. WALTER et al. 2002, FISCHER et al. 2008). Nach F. GRUBER (mündl. Mitt.) dürfte das Vorkommen in Badgastein aufgrund von Umbauarbeiten im Bereich der Windischgrätzhöhe mittlerweile wieder erloschen sein., Published as part of Stöhr, O., Pilsl, P., Essl, F., Wittmann, H. & Hohla, M., 2009, Beiträge zur Flora von Österreich, III, pp. 1677-1755 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on page 1701, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5279728, {"references":["WEBB D. A. (1972): Cymbalaria Hill. - In: TUTIN T. G., HEYWOOD V. H., BURGES N. A., MOORE D. M., VALENTINE D. H., WALTERS S. M. & D. A. WEBB (eds.): Flora Europaea, Vol. 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. - Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge: 236 - 238.","HOHLA M. (2004): Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora von Bayern - besonders zur Adventivflora Niederbayerns. - Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 73 / 74: 135 - 152.","WALTER J., ESSL F., NIKLFELD H. & M. A. FISCHER (2002): Gefasspflanzen. - In: ESSL F. & W. RABITSCH (Hrsg.): Neobiota in Osterreich. - Umweltbundesamt, Wien: 46 - 173.","FISCHER M. A., ADLER W. & K. OSWALD (2008): Exkursionsflora fur Osterreich, Liechtenstein und Sudtirol. - 3. Aufl., Biologiezentrum Oberosterreich, Linz."]}

Anaphothrips augustae sp. n. (Figs 24–28) Female macroptera. Body, legs and antennal segments I–III yellow, IV weakly shaded at apex, V yellow in basal half, VI–IX light brown; wings pale; tergite IX setae light brown. Head wider than long, with closely spaced sculpture lines behind eyes (Fig. 24); eyes with 6 pigmented facets; ocellar setae III outside ocellar triangle. Antennae 9-segmented; III–IV with sensorium forked, II without microtrichia; VI not pedicellate, suture between VI–VII oblique (Fig. 26). Pronotum with closely spaced, faint, transverse lines of sculpture; discal setae small. Metascutal sculpture transverse on anterior half, irregularly reticulate medially (Fig. 27); median setae fine and well back from anterior margin; MCS absent. Prosternal ferna almost complete medially. Fore wing first vein with about 9 setae basally, 2 setae medially and 2 setae near apex; second vein with 12–15 setae; clavus with 5–6 veinal setae. Abdominal tergites II–VII with no sculpture medially, lateral to setae S2 with about 10 closely spaced lines bearing microtrichia similar to some Scirtothrips species (Fig. 25); VIII with long regular marginal comb. Sternite VII median setae close to posterior margin. Measurements (holotype, in microns). Body length 1280. Head, length 70; width across eyes 135. Pronotum, length 85; maximum width 160. Fore wing, length 700; median width 65; first vein longest seta in basal row 15. Tergite IV S1 setae 12. Tergite IX, MD setae 10; PM S1 setae 70. Tergite X PM S1 setae 55. Antennal segments III–IX, 45, 30, 32, 32, 10, 8, 10. Male macroptera. Similar to female; tergite IX with all setae slender; sternite III with pair of circular pore plates at anterolateral angles (Fig. 28). Larvae. White with tergites IX–X deeply shaded. Most dorsal setae finely acute; tergite IX with 2 pairs of stout capitate setae, X with one pair. Specimens examined. Holotype female macroptera, South Australia, 35km southwest of Port Augusta, from Myoporum leaves (Myoporaceae), 30.xii.1997 (LAM 3378). Paratypes: 18 females 5 males taken with holotype. Non-paratypic specimens: Queensland, Dalby 55km west, 2 females from Myoporum leaves, 28.iii.1998. Comments. The pair of small circular pore plates anterolaterally on the third sternite of males is a character state not known in any other species. The tergal sculpture with rows of small microtrichia in both sexes is similar to that of some Scirtothrips species. Females are similar to those of A. barrowi and A. barringtoni, but in these the microtrichia are less well developed. In A. cobari the microtrichia are effectively absent, and the male differs in having a median, weakly transverse, pore plate on the third sternite., Published as part of Mound, Laurence A. & Masumoto, Masami, 2009, Australian Thripinae of the Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera), with three new genera and thirty-three new species, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 2042 (1) on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2042.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5313983

Anaphothrips yalgooi sp. n. (Figs 168–171) Female macroptera. Body and legs yellow with brown markings; tergites II–VIII brown medially and across anterior half; mesonotum and metascutum brown laterally; pronotum with brown markings; antennal segment I white, II dark brown, III and basal half of IV brownish yellow, V–IX light brown; wings faintly shaded; tergite IX setae light brown. Head wider than long, with closely spaced sculpture lines behind eyes; eyes with 6 weakly pigmented facets; ocellar setae III just outside ocellar triangle (Fig. 168). Antennae 9-segmented; III–IV with sensorium forked, II with three rows of microtrichia; VI not pedicellate, suture between VI–VII oblique (Fig. 171). Pronotum with irregular transverse lines of sculpture; posteromarginal setae S1 larger than remaining setae (Fig. 169). Metascutal sculpture reticulate, lines with slight craspedal flanges; median setae fine and well back from anterior margin; MCS absent. Prosternal ferna almost complete medially. Fore wing relatively broad, first vein with about 15 setae basally, 2 setae medially and 2 setae near apex; second vein with about 16 setae; clavus with 6 veinal setae and one basal seta. Abdominal tergites V–VII with no sculpture medially, II–IV with some lines medially; tergites laterally with up to 10 striae bearing numerous pale ciliate microtrichia with triangular bases, sculpture extending mesad of setae S2 almost to campaniform sensilla (Fig. 170); VIII with long regular marginal comb; IX with many transverse sculpture lines. Sternite VII median setae close to posterior margin. Measurements (holotype, in microns). Body length 1380. Head, length 90; width across eyes 155. Pronotum, length 120; maximum width 185. Fore wing, length 730; median width 60; first vein longest seta in basal row 30. Tergite IV S1 setae 15. Tergite IX, MD setae 12; PM S1 setae 85. Tergite X PM S1 setae 75. Antennal segments III–IX, 42, 37, 37, 32, 10, 10, 12. Male macroptera. Similar to female; tergite lateral sculpture lines with distinct craspeda but not microtrichia; IX with median setae not stout; sternites with no pore plates. Specimens examined. Holotype female macroptera, Western Australia, 63km south-west of Yalgoo, from leaves of Eremophila species (Myoporaceae), 26.iv.1997 (LAM 3238). Paratypes: 2 females 1 male taken with holotype. Comments. Although the metascutal sculpture is similar to that of A. geijerae, that species has a neat transverse suture between antennal segments VI–VII, and also lacks pigmented eye facets.

Anaphothrips barrowi sp. n. (Figs 32–35) Female macroptera. Body, legs and antennal segments I–III yellow, IV–VI faintly shaded at apex, VII–IX palest brown; fore wings pale; tergite IX major setae pale. Head wider than long, with closely spaced sculpture lines behind eyes (Fig. 32); eyes with 6 pigmented facets; ocellar setae III outside ocellar triangle. Antennae 9-segmented; III–IV with sensorium forked, II without microtrichia; VI not pedicellate, suture between VI–VII oblique (Fig. 35). Pronotum almost without sculpture, or with faint well-spaced, transverse lines; discal setae small. Metascutal sculpture irregularly reticulate with some elongate reticles; median setae fine and well back from anterior margin; MCS absent. Fore wing first vein with about 9 setae basally, 2 setae medially and 2 setae near apex; second vein with 9–11 setae; clavus with 5 veinal setae plus one seta at base. Abdominal tergites II–VII with no sculpture medially, lateral to setae S2 with about 7 lines bearing short microtrichia (Fig. 33); VIII with long regular marginal comb. Measurements (holotype, in microns). Body length 1020. Head, length 75; width across eyes 135. Pronotum, length 85; maximum width 160. Fore wing, length 570; median width 45; first vein longest seta in basal row 15. Tergite IV S1 setae 7. Tergite IX, MD setae 7; PM S1 setae 65. Tergite X PM S1 setae 50. Antennal segments III–IX, 30, 25, 30, 30, 7, 7, 10. Male macroptera. Similar to female; tergite IX with two pairs of setae scarcely thickened (Fig. 34); sternite III with very slender, transverse pore plate close to anterior margin. Specimens examined. Holotype female macroptera, Western Australia, Barrow Island, beaten, v.2005 (S. Callan). Paratypes: 10 females 3 males taken with holotype; 3 females same locality, iv–v.2005. Non-paratypic specimens: Western Australia, Cue, 6 females from Eremophila leaves (Myoporaceae), 20.iv.1997. Comments. The females of this species are particularly similar to those of A. barringtoni, but the males have a transverse pore plate on sternite III that is exceptionally slender.

Anaphothrips callani sp. n. (Figs 36–38) Female macroptera. Body, legs and antennal segments I–II yellow, III shaded brown, IV–IX light brown; wings pale. Head dorsally wider than long; mouth cone long, extending to mesosternum; eyes with 6 pigmented facets; ocellar setae III on anterior margins of triangle. Antennae 9-segmented, III–IV with sensorium forked, II without microtrichia, IX longer than VIII; VI narrowed to base but not pedicellate (Fig. 36). Pronotum transverse, with faint lines of sculpture. Mesonotal anteromedian campaniform sensilla absent or weak. Metascutum weakly reticulate, median setae well back from anterior margin, MCS absent. Prosternal ferna incomplete medially; mesothoracic furca long and slender. Fore wing first vein with about 7 setae basally, and 3 widely spaced setae to apex; second vein with about 9 setae; clavus with 5 veinal setae plus one seta at base. Abdominal tergites with faint sculpture lines laterally but none medially (Fig. 37); VIII with no marginal comb; IX–X relatively long. Ovipositor unusually long. Measurements (holotype, in microns). Body length 1150. Head, length 65; width across eyes 125. Pronotum, length 110; maximum width 150. Fore wing, length 620; median width 40; first vein longest seta in basal row 15. Tergite IV S1 setae 7. Tergite IX, MD setae 7; PM S1 setae 60. Tergite X PM S1 setae 50. Antennal segments III–IX, 40, 35, 35, 35, 7, 7, 10. Male macroptera. Similar to female; tergite IX with all setae slender; sternites III–IV with broad, curved pore plate (Fig. 38). Specimens examined. Holotype female macroptera, Western Australia, Barrow Island, beaten, iv–v.2005 (J. Majer & S. Callan). Paratypes: Western Australia, 3 females 2 males with same data as holotype; 1 female with similar data, ix.2006, 1 female ditto, v.2007; Perth airport, 2 females from Grevillea ‘Robyn Gordon’, 18.ii.2005; West Binnu, 80km north of Geraldton, 1 female from Geleznowia flowers, 4.viii.1998. Comments. Adults of this species are particularly pale and weakly sculptured, and thus difficult to study. The female differs from most of the other species with 9-segmented antennae in the absence of a comb on tergite VIII, and the male lacks stout setae on the ninth tergite, and has curved (not C-shaped) pore plates on two sternites only. The host association of this thrips remains unknown, but is likely to involve a species of Myoporaceae or Chenopodiaceae among the arid zone flora.

grimshawi clade With 77 species, the grimshawi clade accounts for the bulk of picture wing species. It is also the most diverse in host usage, comparable to the modified mouthparts clade. On a finer scale, however, more specificity emerges. Within each species subgroup, a relatively small number of host shifts appears to have taken place (Table 5; to avoid confusion with the larger clade, their ��� grimshawi subgroup��� is referred to here as the crucigera subgroup). For example, 12 of the 17 orphnopeza subgroup species are from either Agavaceae or Araliaceae, including one oligophagous species that uses both; species of the vesciseta subgroup use only Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, or Urticaceae; the odontophallus subgroup is exclusively on Agavaceae; and monophagous species of the crucigera subgroup use only Pandanaceae or Thymelaeaceae. The low overlap in host families between subgroups implies that specialization on a host plant may have played a major role in the early diversification of the picture wing clade. This is in contrast to the AMC clade, where little hostswitching has taken place across the whole group, and the modified mouthparts group, where the dissita and quadrisetae subgroups show no clear pattern of host usage. The lack of a detailed species-level phylogeny such as exists for the planitibia group (Bonacum, et al., 2005), and numerous confounding shifts to rarer hosts such as Nyctaginaceae and Sapindaceae, preclude further speculation on evolution of host usage among the grimshawi subgroups. species complex a data species ecological with polyphagous y n Agavaceae Amaranthaceae Araliaceae Fabaceae Myoporaceae Nyctaginaceae Pandanaceae Sapindaceae Thymelaeaceae Urticaceae / oligophagous crucigera 8 1 3 2 3 hawaiiensis 9 5 3 3 1 2 odontophallus 4 4 orphnopeza 17 2 2 9 1 1 1 3 punalua 5 3 1 2 1 1 vesciseta 11 5 5 2 3 1 a The discreta and distinguenda subgroups are not shown since rearing data is only available for one species from each. Despite the wide diversity of host families used by the grimshawi clade, the only substrate shift has been from stems and bark proper to sap flux in the hawaiiensis subgroup. The latter is a similar habitat that is sometimes used by other picture wing species, particularly in the orphnopeza subgroup. Only two species commonly use other substrate types: D. punalua will sometimes use the fruit and leaves of Freycinetia in addition to the stems, and D. crucigera, a highly polyphagous species, will also use fruit. The most striking aspect of the breeding records for the grimshawi clade is not so much the variety of host families that are used, as one that is not: Campanulaceae. This is considered one of the most important hosts for Hawaiian drosophilids in general, but especially for the other clades (adiastola and planitibia) in the picture wing group. Yet there are almost no records for the family in the grimshawi clade; in addition to four polyphagous species (D. crucigera, D. disjuncta, D. grimshawi, and D. villosipedis), there are only 4 records from 2 species (D. limitata and D. murphyi), and even these may be incidental. The near-absence of such a significant host from this large, highly host-variable group is remarkable, and warrants further investigation. Araliaceae, particularly the genus Cheirodendron, is another very common host plant for Hawaiian Drosophilidae. While there are several records of grimshawi clade species using Araliaceae, nearly all are confined to the orphnopeza subgroup, the same 4 polyphagous species mentioned above, and scattered incidental records. Of those species that do use Araliaceae, 80 % have been reared from either Tetraplasandra or Reynoldsia (see Appendix 1), often in lowland and/or relatively dry habitats. In contrast, none of the 240 Araliaceae records from the AMC and modified mouthparts clades are from Reynoldsia and only 22 (9 %) are from Tetraplasandra, and all but one are from montane wet locations. In general, the species of the grimshawi clade tend to favor more mesic to dry forest plants: Acacia, Charpentiera, Myoporum, Pisonia, Pleomele, Reynoldsia, Sapindus, Tetraplasandra, Urera, and Wikstroemia. Although many of these live in wet forest as well, it appears likely that the grimshawi clade evolved as a mesic assemblage, perhaps as sister to the nudidrosophila and ateledrosophila groups. It is perhaps not so surprising then that the characteristic plants of the wet forest ��� Cheirodendron, Clermontia, and Cyanea ��� are lacking from their diet, especially when these plants are already heavily utilized by other picture wings., Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N., Foote, David & O'Grady, Patrick M., 2008, A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1728 on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274194, {"references":["Bonacum, J., O'Grady, P. M., Kambysellis, M. P. & DeSalle, R. (2005) Phylogeny and age of diversification of the planitibia species group of the Hawaiian Drosophila. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37, 73 - 82."]}

Cassis, Gerasimos, Symonds, Celia (2008): Systematics, biogeography and host associations of the lace bug genus Inoma (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (2): 433-484, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341505, {"references":["BALL I. R. 1976: Nature and formulation of biogeographic hypothesis. Systematic Zoology 24: 407-430.","BOWLER J. M. 1976: Aridity in Australia: age, origins and expression in Aeolian landforms and sediments. Earth- Science Reviews 12: 279-310.","BREMER K. 1994: Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10: 295-304.","CONN J. 1992: Dicrastylis. In: HARDEN G. (ed.): Flora of New South Wales Volume 3. UNSW Press, Sydney, 717 pp.","CASSIS G. 1986: A systematic study of the subfamily Dicyphinae (Heteroptera: Miridae). PhD Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, 390 pp.","CASSIS G. & GROSS G. F. 1995: Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). In: HOUSTON W. W. K. & MAYNARD G. V. (eds.): Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 27.3(A). ABRS, Melbourne, xv + 506 pp.","CASSIS G. & GROSS G. F. 2002:Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha).In: HOUSTON W.W. K.& WELLS A. (eds.): Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 27.3(B). CSIRO, Canberra, xiv + 737 pp.","CASSIS G. & MONTEITH G. B. 2006: A new genus and species of Cylapinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from New Caledonia, with re-analysis of the genera. Memoirs of Queensland Museum 52: 13-26.","CASSIS G. & MOULDS T. 2002:A systematic revision of the plantbug genus Kirkaldyella Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae:Austromirini). Insect Systematics and Evolution 33: 53-90.","CASSIS G., SCHWARTZ M. D. & MOULDS T.2003:Systematics and new taxa of the Vannius complex (Hemiptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Australian Region. 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Inoma Hacker, 1927 Inoma Hacker, 1927: 25 (gen. nov.). Inoma: DRAKE & RUHOFF (1960): 62 (list); DRAKE & RUHOFF (1965): 249 (catalogue); CASSIS & GROSS (1995): 417 (catalogue). Type species. Inoma multispinosa Hacker, 1927, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Inoma is recognised by the following combination of characters: small to medium size, males (BL 1.81-2.96), females (BL 1.9-2.94); brachypterous and macropterous morphs; ovoid body; mottled or variegated colouration; with or without woolly or scale-like, pale setae, often densely distributed; all species with setiferous tubercles on anterior margin and crest of collum, pronotal carinae, margins of paranota and hemelytra, and carinate margins of discoidal area; antennae slender, elongate, AI subequal to AII; head with five elongate, porrect spines, paired frontal and occipital spines, medial spine sometimes forked; pronotum tricarinate, carinae uniseriate, subequal in height and not highly elevated; pronotal collum small to moderately enlarged, subtriangular, dorsally keeled; paranota and costal areas well developed, uniseriate or biseriate; legs slender, elongate; and, male aedeagus with a well developed, heavily sclerotised, distal U-shaped endosomal sclerite. Redescription. COLOURATION. Varying from cream, yellow brown, to orange and red brown, to dark brown (Figs. 1, 2). Often with mottled or patterned colour pattern on dorsum, more so on hemelytra. Head and callar region of pronotum predominantly darkened, with posterior lobe of pronotum lighter. AIV and tarsi dark brown, almost black. Venter generally darker and more uniform in colouration than dorsum. VESTITURE. Most species with covering of silvery to golden, woolly or scale-like setae, intermixed either with elongate, curly, woolly setae, or short, flattened, lanceolate, scale-like setae; sometimes with setiferous tubercles only. All species with setiferous tubercles in single or multiple (alternating or opposing) rows, mutiple rows most often along lateral paranotal and costal margins; either major (e.g., Fig. 5 a-e), or minor setiferous tubercles (e.g., Fig. 4 a-e). Head: setae when present, woolly or scale-like, dense and adpressed (e.g., Fig. 4 a-c); minor setiferous tubercles present around base or on cephalic spines (e.g., Figs. 4a, 5a). Antennae: AI and AII glabrous or with setae as on head and in a single ring around segment (e.g., Figs. 4a, 5a); AIII glabrous or with minor setiferous tubercles (with an elongate, erect terminal seta – straight or recurved), and short, bristle-like setae (e.g., Fig. 7b); AIV always with both short and elongate bristle-like simple setae. Pronotum: setae when present, woolly or scale-like, most dense on pronotal callar region, less dense on collum, paranota, pronotal longitudinal carinae and posterior lobe (e.g., Fig. 4d); minor or major setiferous tubercles always present along lateral margins of paranota, margins of carinae, anterior margin and dorsal keel of collum (e.g., Fig 5d), also present along ventral margin of paranota (e.g., Fig. 5c). Thoracic pleura and sterna: setae when present, woolly or scale-like, generally denser on pleura, sparser on supracoxal lobes and sterna; posteroventral margin of proepimeron with a few minor or major setiferous tubercles (e.g., Fig. 6c); sternal carinae with one or two rows of setae, type variable, rarely with minor setiferous tubercles. Legs: femora and tibiae with minor setiferous tubercles, setae when present, elongate and bristle-like with very small tuberculate base (as in antennae) (e.g., Figs. 7b, 8b, 9h). Hemelytra: (e.g., Figs. 4 e-f, 5e) setae when present, woolly, less dense than on pronotal callar region, moderately distributed over discoidal and subcostal areas, very sparse on costal area; minor or major setiferous tubercles present along margin of costal area, on carinate R+M and cubitus veins bounding discoidal and sutural areas, on veins tubercles often recurved, terminal setae generally more elongate than on costal margins and paranota. Abdomen: setae when present, with either scale-like setae (e.g. Figs. 4h, 5h) or hair-like setae (e.g., Figs. 7f, 9h), short or elongate, densely distributed. STRUCTURE. Macropterous and brachypterous forms. Head: five spines present, spines mostly as long and often longer than AI (e.g., Fig. 5a), rarely shorter than AI (e.g., Fig. 4a), semi-erect to erect; frontal spines inserted behind antennal bases, either slightly divergent, parallel or slightly convergent, not contiguous or crossing; medial spine straight or apex forked; occipital spines strongly arcuate laterally, or sometimes straight and slightly divergent apically; bucculae prominent, extending slightly beyond head, closed in front, broadly rounded anteriorly laterally (Fig. 4b). Labium: usually extending to mesocoxae; sometimes extending onto abdomen. Antennae: elongate; AI cylindrical, short, of greater diameter than other segments; AII equal to or at least 2/3 length of AI; AIII elongate; AIV short but longer than AI+AII, clavate, base sometimes elongate. Pronotum: (e.g., Figs. 4d, 5d) broad, lateral margins rounded, callar region flattened or convex (lateral views in Figs. 1 & 2), closely punctate, posterior lobe subequal to anterior portion, pointed and reticulated; collum weakly to moderately elevated and sub-triangular in shape, strongly keeled medially, truncate anteriorly, covering half of head; pronotum tricarinate, carinae elevated, but not highly so, uniseriate, areolae subquadrate and small or large, straight over most of length but lateral carinae slightly convergent at posterior end and terminating anteriorly at calli, median carina percurrent to collum, lateral carinae of equal height to median carina; paranota narrow and linear, obliquely extended or upright, uniseriate or biseriate, areolae subquadrate and small or large. Thoracic sterna: prosternal carinae barely visible, meso and metasternal carinae strongly elevated, parallel (or very slightly rounded) and of equal width. Metathoracic gland: orifice obsolete. Legs: slender, elongate, tibiae longer than femora. Hemelytra: macropters (e.g., Fig. 5e, 8f), brachypters (e.g., Fig. 4 e-f, 8e); cubitus and R+M veins carinate; costal area uniseriate or biseriate, areolae large and subquadrate; subcostal area wide, at least half width of discoidal area, extending to just before forewing apex; discoidal area large, lanceolate in shape, junction of cubitus and R+M veins medially located on hemelytra; sutural area small, areole size generally large, areolae small in brachypters; hypocosta as wide as costal area or narrow. Male genitalia: pygophore subquadrate, ventral margin of opening expanded posteriorly with a concave or sinuous margin (e.g., Fig. 4g); parameres simple, sickle-shaped (e.g., Fig. 10 ab, d-e, h-i), with short bristle-like setae on entire inner margin and sometimes also on outer margin of apophysis, mostly with a few more elongate setae on sensory lobe, sometimes also with minute setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 10 h-i), sensory lobe rounded (Fig. 10 d-e, h-i) or sometimes slightly angular (Fig. 10 a-b), apophysis elongate and acuminate with a rounded apex, tubular in cross section with rounded margins; aedeagus with a large, curved, inverted U-shaped sclerite in apical tubular portion of endosoma (Fig. 10c,f,g), heavily sclerotised, some subtle variation in size and shape of cleft and length of the basal branches of sclerite; sometimes also with small, paired endosomal sclerites positioned basally near dorsal plate (e.g., Fig. 10c,f), small with shape varying from elongate-ovate (Fig. 10f,k), sub-triangular (Fig. 10c,m) and semi-circular (Fig. 10j,l); medial portion of phallotheca mostly entire dorsally, rarely divided (Fig. 10g); dorsal plate of aedeagus simple, broadly U-shaped with rounded distal margin (e.g., Fig. 10c,f). Females: minor sexual dimorphism; differing from males as follows: eyes smaller; AIII less pilose with only elongate minor setiferous tubercles, lacking short simple setae; hemelytra slightly shorter and broader (both brachypters and macropters); sometimes slight colour variation. Female genitalia: membraneous, with paired pseudospermathecae, basally derived at junction of lateral oviducts, each with short duct and distal capitate seminal sac (Fig. 11). Biology and host plant relationships. Inoma is found mostly on plant species of the angiosperm order Asterales, often belonging to the families Myoporaceae and Lamiaceae. Distribution. Inoma is comprised of nine species, and is largely found in arid Australia, except for I. multispinosa which is known from temperate Australia, in the southeastern corner. Remarks. Inoma has been redefined, with a detailed definition of characters, for inclusion of new species described herein. Characters which are now more broadly defined and show infrageneric variation include: 1) condition of setiferous tubercles (formerly referred to as spines by HACKER (1927)); 2) setal characters of pilose species; 3) paranota and costal areas, now either biseriate or uniseriate; 4) body colouration, including variation in patterning; 5) orientation of frontal cephalic spines, which may be weakly divergent, parallel or slightly converging; 6) elevation of collum, which although consistently keeled is not always sharply elevated, as indicated in the original description, with some species having only a weakly elevated collum; and, 7) elevation of pronotal callar region, which is not always convex, but sometimes almost flat or very slightly raised. Inoma is aligned with the speciose genus Tingis, and putatively closely related to and possibly synonymous to Lasiacantha, the latter a diverse taxon, with species in Europe, Africa, India, southeast Asia and Australia. Morphological similarities between Inoma and Lasiacantha include: 1) shape and form of hemelytra; 2) elongate cephalic spines with laterally arcuate occipital spines; 3) sometimes bifurcate medial spine; 4) outline of head and bucculae; 6) mostly elevated pronotal collum; 7) marginal setiferous tubercles; 8) often dense vestiture; and, 9) slender legs and antennae. Nonetheless, we have found a number of characters of Inoma which distinguish it from Lasiacantha, with the most critical being: 1) strongly keeled pronotal collum, subtriangular in shape, more moderately elevated; 2) setiferous tubercles along medial keel and anterior margin of the collum; 3) pronotal carinae distinctly elevated, but not greatly enlarged, 4) medial pronotal carina always same height as lateral carinae; 5) linear, narrow paranota, equal width throughout and at most two areolae wide; and, 6) costal area at most two areolae rows wide; and, 7) lack of very fine, hook-like setae on dorsum, as found in Lasiacantha. HACKER (1927) noted an affinity of Inoma with Urentius Distant, 1903, but apart from superficial similarities, with the marginal setiferous tubercles and general body shape, this genus is possibly more distantly related. Inoma angusta Drake, 1942, is considered here as species incertae sedis, because it lacks the aforementioned diagnostic characters, including the dorsally rounded collum, dorsal crest and setiferous tubercles on anterior margin and dorsal surface. In addition, I. angusta has incomplete and very narrow paranota, and has a rather elongate linear, narrow form rather than being either elongate-ovoid to ovoid. We have refrained from treating this species any further in this work, pending a more thorough examination of genus-group boundaries in Australian lace bugs, but here remove it from Inoma., Published as part of Cassis, Gerasimos & Symonds, Celia, 2008, Systematics, biogeography and host associations of the lace bug genus Inoma (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), pp. 433-484 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (2) on pages 437-440, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341505, {"references":["HACKER H. 1927: New Tingitoidea (Hemiptera) in the Queensland Museum. Memoirs of Queensland Museum 9: 19 - 32 + pls. vi-x.","DRAKE C. J. & RUHOFF F. A. 1960: Lace-bug genera of the world (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 112: 1 - 105 + pls. i-ix.","DRAKE C. J. & RUHOFF F. A. 1965: Lacebugs of the world: a catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 243: i-viii + 1 - 634 pp + 56 pls.","CASSIS G. & GROSS G. F. 1995: Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). In: HOUSTON W. W. K. & MAYNARD G. V. (eds.): Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 27.3 (A). ABRS, Melbourne, xv + 506 pp."]}

Klambothrips gen. n. Type species Klambothrips myopori sp. n. In most character states, including the presence on the head of a pair of stout cheek setae, the four species placed in this new genus are similar to some of the 33 species currently placed in the genus Akainothrips Mound, all of which live on Acacia trees (Crespi et al., 2004). However, these four species all have the mid and hind tibiae uniformly dark brown whereas similar looking Akainothrips species that lack pronotal anteromarginal setae have the tibiae yellow at the apex. Moreover, the four species of Klambothrips are all associated with the leaves of species of Myoporaceae or Asteraceae, on which they induce the irregular galls from which the generic name is derived (Fig. 1). In contrast, all Akainothrips species are opportunistic invaders of pre-existing enclosed spaces on species of Acacia that bear phyllodes not leaves (Crespi et al., 2004). The species of Akainothrips and Klambothrips differ from all of the Australian species currently listed under Teuchothrips in the presence of a pair of stout cheek setae. As indicated above, the generic classification of the species currently listed under Teuchothrips remains unsatisfactory. But the available evidence, biological, morphological, and molecular (Fig. 5), indicates that the four species considered here are sufficiently closely related to be considered congeneric and distinct from the other members of this complex of species. Generic diagnosis. Dark brown, macropterous Phlaeothripinae. Antennae 8 -segmented, III with one sensorium, IV with three sensoria, VIII broad at base. Head longer than wide; cheeks with one pair of stout setae in basal third; maxillary stylets retracted at least to postocular setae; postocular setae no larger than minor setae. Pronotum with three pairs of capitate major setae, anteromarginals and midlaterals usually no larger than discals. Prosternal basantra not developed; anterior margin of ferna almost transverse; mesopraesternum reduced to two small lateral triangles. Fore tarsus with inner apex slightly recurved forming a small tooth. Metanotum reticulate, with one pair of setae medially; sternopleural sutures elongate. Forewing parallel sided, with six to nine duplicated cilia; with one or two capitate sub-basal setae. Pelta triangular, reticulate, with paired campaniform sensilla; tergites II ��� VII with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae, marginal setae S 1 capitate and longer than setae S 2; tergite IX setae S 1 and S 2 shorter than tube, bluntly pointed to weakly capitate, S 3 acute; anal setae long. Males varying in size; large males with fore tarsal tooth massive and femora swollen, and fore coxae bearing stout setae; tergite IX setae S 2 capitate but shorter than S 1; sternite VIII without glandular area., Published as part of Mound, Laurence A. & Morris, David C., 2007, A new thrips pest of Myoporum cultivars in California, in a new genus of leaf-galling Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera), pp. 35-45 in Zootaxa 1495 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177031, {"references":["Crespi, B. J., Morris, D. C. & Mound, L. A. (2004) Evolution of ecological and behavioural diversity: Australian Acacia thrips as model organisms. Australian Biological Resources Study & Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia, 328 pp."]}

Bontia daphnoides Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 638. 1753. "Habitat in Barbados." RCN: 4641. Lectotype (Chinnock in Jarvis & al., Regnum Veg. 127: 25. 1993): [icon] "Bontia Laureolae facie" in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 57, t. 49, f. 57. 1732 (JE). Generitype of Bontia Linnaeus. Current name: Bontia daphnoides L. (Myoporaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on pages 355-356, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Zorion angustifasciatum Schnitzler, sp. nov. (Figs. 13, 24) Diagnosis Zorion angustifasciatum can be distinguished from other Zorion species by the combination of a narrow ivory spot transversely located, a pointed elytra, a dark ringed femur as in Fig. 2 and a glossy body surface. The elytral spot of Zorion opacum and Z. minutum may be similar in shape, but Z. minutum is without a dark ringed femur as in Fig. 3 and the colour of the spot is more yellowish or golden in comparison to the ivory spot of Z. angustifasciatum. Zorion angustifasciatum has a glossy body surface, whereas Z. opacum has a silky dull body surface dorsally. Zorion dugdalei also has a pointed elytra but has a silky dull pronotum. Description Body length: Male 3.8���5.45 mm, female 3.6���6.8 mm. Colour: Body creamy golden brown throughout, translucent, with an ivory spot on each elytron (Fig. 13). Elytral spot at least 1.5 wider than long and transversely located, not touching suture and margin, and central axis through spot at right angle in relation to suture; distance between spot and suture 1.5���2 distance between spot and margin; distance between central axis of spot and elytral shoulder 0.37���0.5 elytral length. Scape creamy golden brown sometimes with darker apex; pedicel dark brown; antennal segments 3���7 or 3���8 whitish at base but gradually becoming dark brown towards apex; antennal segments 8���11 or 9���11 dark brown. Pro�� and mesocoxal cavity bounded by dark edge; trochanter and apex of coxa dark; base of femur whitish with dark ring at beginning of creamy golden brown club as in Fig. 2; tibia dark brown throughout; tarsi creamy golden brown at base, darkening towards apex. Abdominal segments creamy golden brown. Structure: Body surface glabrous, glossy. Elytral apex pointed. Females with a row of hairs on epipleural fold not reaching beyond anterior edge of spots; males without such hairs on epipleural fold. Ovipositor and spermatheca: Ratio between dorsal and ventral baculi being 1: 1.1. Spermatheca sclerotised but transparent, U��shaped widest halfway between base and apex, gradually tapering towards apex. Spermathecal gland arising halfway between base and apex. FIGURES 13���22, Zorion species. 13, Z. angustifasciatum; 14, Z. australe; 15, Z. batesi; 16, Z. dugdalei; 17, Z. guttigerum; 18, Z. kaikouraiensis; 19, Z. nonmaculatum; 20, Z. minutum; 21, Z. opacum; 22, Z. taranakiensis. Scale bars 1 mm. Var ia t io n: Body may become darkened gradually towards head, translucent cuticle sometimes appears interspersed with dark grain particularly in the pronotum. Spot on elytral disc may be with or without or partially surrounded by darker area. Tibia may have creamy golden brown base and section in the middle. Biology Adults were collected from Cordyline (Agavaceae) flowers and from Litsea (Lauraceae). Adults were raised from Myoporum laetum (Myoporaceae) wood. Specimens were collected in October, November and January. Distribution Great and South West Island approx. 4 km south west of Great Island of the Three Kings Islands (Manawa Tawhi), which are approx. 80 km north west of Cape Reinga (Te Rerengawairua) (Fig. 24). Etymology The name is derived from the narrow elongate spots on the elytra. Material examined Holotype: ��, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, on Cordyline kaspar flowers, 27 xi. 1997, R. E. Beever (NZAC). Paratypes: 22 ��, 26 ��. TH: 15 ��, 13 ��, Tasman Valley, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, Cordyline flowers, 1 xi. 1970, J. C. Watt, (NZAC m��� 270600 ��� 2 / 2, m��� 240500 ��� 6 / 8, f��� 230500 ��� 5 / 8, f��� 230500 ��� 6 / 8, f��� 260600 ��� 1 / 2); 2 ��, 4 ��, Tasman Valley, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, 1 xi. 1970, (NZAC m��� 240500 ��� 5 / 8, f��� 260600 ��� 2 / 2); 1 ��, Tasman Valley, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, Coprosma macrocarpa, 1 xi. 1970, J. C. Watt (NZAC); 1 ��, Tasman Valley, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, on Cordyline, 30 xi. 1983, C. F. Butcher (NZAC); 1 ��, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, beating, 30 xi. 1983, C. F. Butcher (NZAC); 2 ��, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, on Cordyline kaspar flowers, 29 xi. 1997, R. E. Beever (NZAC); 1 ��, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, 3 i. 1963, E. S. Gourlay, (NZAC f��� 230500 ��� 4 / 8); 1 ��, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, beating, 28���29 xi. 1983, J. C. Watt (NZAC); 2 ��, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, on Cordyline kaspar flowers, 27 & 29 xi. 1997, R. E. Beever (NZAC); 1 ��, Castaway Camp, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, 1 xi. 1970, G. Ramsay (NZAC); 2 ��, 1 ��, Castaway Camp, Great Island, Three Kings Islands, ex. Myoporum laetum, & on Litsea, 1 xi. 1970, G. Kuschel,. (NZAC m��� 270600 ��� 1 / 2); 1, Great Island, 6 x., L. C. Bell (AMNZ 18834); 1 ��, South West Island, Three Kings Islands, 1 xi. 1970, J. C. Watt (NZAC)., Published as part of Schnitzler, Franz-Rudolf & Wang, Qiao, 2005, Revision of Zorion Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an endemic genus of New Zealand, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 1066 on pages 13-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170224