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Analyzing the mitochondrial 16S gene from specimens collected along the Brazilian coast, we expanded the current genetic diversity and phylogeny of the Christmas tree hydroid, Pennaria disticha Goldfuss, 1820 complex. A total of seven clades were retrieved, of which three were recovered among the newly added specimens—two were already known from different locations in previous studies and a new one was formed by a specimen collected near an isolated coastal island in the Sao Paulo state—demonstrating that P. disticha also represents a complex of cryptic species in the southwestern Atlantic. Species delimitation analyses recovered three to five clades as separate species within P. disticha; moreover, the haplotype network confirmed the already suggested scenario of multiple invasive trajectories and helped untangle the genetic relationships between clades. The data presented herein, besides broadening P. disticha genetic diversity, reinforce the importance of barcoding analyses of local populations in cryptic species studies.

Containing 51 extant genera and over 300 species, the family Caryophylliidae Dana, 1846 is reported from Antarctica to the Arctic, ranging from shallow to deep waters. Even though most caryophylliids are solitary, the majority of the most extensive deep-water reefs have their main engineers in colonial representatives of this family. However, several of these colonial species are small-sized and are usually found in shallow waters. Based on a study of colonies collected during scuba diving at Alcatrazes Archipelagos’ main island (Sao Paulo State) and Ilha Rasa (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil, a new species belonging to the genus Coenocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 is described as C. sebroecki sp. nov. The species identity and its phylogenetic position within the Caryophylliidae could be distinguished by using morphological and genetic data. Also, the description of the cnidom of this species and remarks on its biology are provided, as well as a brief discussion on the polyphyly of the Caryophylliidae and an identification key for all extant Coenocyathus species.

The spionid polychaete Polydora hoplura Claparede, 1868, is a harmful shell-borer accidentally transported with objects of aquaculture across the world. It was originally described from the Gulf of Naples, Italy, and later widely reported from European waters, South Africa, the Arabian Gulf, New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania. Here, for the first time, we describe adults and larvae of P. hoplura from Atlantic South America (Brazil), and report this species from Pacific North America (California, USA). We also examined material from Italy, New Zealand, Australia, Chile and Japan, and treat Polydora uncinata Sato-Okoshi, 1998, from Japan, as a junior synonym of P. hoplura. Consequently, we report P. hoplura for the first time in the Asian Pacific, Japan and South Korea, and in Pacific South America (Chile). The new records of P. hoplura from the American continents are cause for concern. The spread of this non-indigenous species may have negative impacts on the farm cultivation of oysters and abalone.

Sertularella sp. 2 Distribution in South America: polyp—Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, at 39.93°S 57.18°W, and at 53.45°S 65.60°W (El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011). Habitat: polyp—from 95 to 110m depth (El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011).

Lovenellidae sp. Synonyms in the area: Lovenelidae—Nagata et al. 2014b [incorrect subsequent spelling] [medusa]. Distribution in South America: medusa—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 25°S to 26°S (Nagata et al. 2014b).

Dynamena quadridentata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Synonyms in the area: Dynamena quadridentata var. nodosa forme peculiaris ���Leloup 1935 [polyp]; Pasya quadridentata ���Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1 948; Calder et al. 2003 [polyp]; Dynamena quadridentata f. flabellata Vannucci Mendes, 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1951a [polyp]; Dynamena quadridentata f. typica Vannucci Mendes, 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1950, 1951a [polyp]; Dynamena quadridentata f. heterodonta ���Vannucci 1951a, 1951b [polyp]; Dynamena quadridentata var. nodosa ���Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, from 0.2��N to 1.2��S in Isla Isabela, at 1.28��S 81.07��W in Isla La Plata, at 2.19��S 80.90��W in Santa Elena Bay (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Calder et al. 2003); Atlantic Ocean, at Aruba, at Cura��ao, at Bonaire, at Tobago Island, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Brazil, at 9.80��S 35.80��W, from 16��S to 27.99��S (Leloup 1935; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Wedler 1975; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto 1996; Grohmann 1997, 2006; Grohmann et al. 1997, 2003; Nogueira et al. 1997; Migotto et al. 2002; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Maronna et al. 2008, abstract; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2011, 2015). Habitat: polyp���up to 57m depth, on algae, hydroids, mussels, sponges (Fraser 1938a, 1938b; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto 1996; Calder et al. 2003; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Lafoea sp. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, at 3.54��S 38.8��W, from 21.25��S to 23.7��S, at 25.73��S 45.16��W, at 27.45��S 47.16��W (Migotto et al. 2004; Shimabukuro 2007; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015). Habitat: polyp���on fouling, sponges, shells, nodules of calcareous algae, anthozoan corallum (Migotto et al. 2004; Shimabukuro 2007; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Eudendrium caraiuru Marques & Oliveira, 2003 Synonyms in the area: Eudendrium glomeratum ���Marques 1993; Rosso & Marques 1997; Oliveira et al. 2000; Marques 2001; Migotto et al. 2001; Silveira & Morandini 2011 [polyp] [non Eudendrium glomeratum Picard, 1951]. Remarks: common species on the Brazilian coast (Marques et al. 2006). Further taxonomic details in Marques & Oliveira (2003). Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 3��S to 4.50��S, from 22.75��S to 25.58��S, from 38��S to 38.10��S (Marques 1993; Migotto 1996; Rosso & Marques 1997; Oliveira et al. 2000; Marques 2001; Migotto et al. 2001; Marques & Oliveira 2003; Oliveira & Marques 2005; Marques et al. 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006a, abstract; Shimabukuro et al. 2006; Shimabukuro 2007; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Marques et al. 2013; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015; Miranda et al. 2015). Habitat: polyp���in shallow waters, on fouling, ascidians, bryozoans, barnacles, gastropods, mussels, polychaete tubes, rocks, test panels and other artificial substrates (Migotto et al. 2001; Marques & Oliveira 2003; Marques et al. 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006a; Shimabukuro 2007; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Aglaophenia acacia Allman, 1883 Synonyms in the area: Aglaophenia acacia elegans ���Milstein 1976; Scarabino 2006 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Uruguay to Argentina, from 34��S to 42.8��S (Blanco 1967a, 1994a, 1994b; Vervoort 1972; Milstein 1976; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Scarabino 2006; Genzano et al. 2002, 2009a, 2011; Miranda et al. 2015). Habitat: polyp���from 29 to 217m depth (Blanco 1967a, 1994a, 1994b; Vervoort 1972; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Genzano et al. 2002, 2009a). Colonies usually found associated with mussel beds (Genzano et al. 2009a)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Bougainvillia pagesi Nogueira Jr., Rodriguez, Mianzan, Haddad & Genzano, 2013 Distribution in South America: medusa���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 25��S to 26��S, Argentina, from 36��S to 38��S (Nogueira Jr. 2012; Nogueira Jr. et al. 2013, 2015; Nagata et al. 2014a)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Plumularia leloupi Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles, 1971b Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, from 54��S to 54.7��S (Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles 1971b; Blanco 1976a, 1994b; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Genzano & Zamponi 1997; Seo 2003). Habitat: polyp���from 87 to 125m (Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles 1971b; Blanco 1976a, 1994b; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Seo 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Monostaechas sp. Distribution in South America: polyp—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 11.50°S to 18.25°S (Shimabukuro 2007). Habitat: polyp—on sponge (Shimabukuro 2007).

Chromatonema rubrum Fewkes, 1882 Distribution in South America: medusa���Pacific Ocean, Colombia, at 7.25��N 78.90��W (Kramp 1959a). Habitat: bathypelagic species (Kramp 1959a)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Vallentinia falklandica Browne, 1902 Distribution in South America: medusa���Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, at Malvinas (Falkland) Islands (Browne 1902; Browne & Kramp 1939; Genzano et al. 2008a)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Zygophylax convallaria (Allman, 1877) Synonyms in the area: Lictorella cervicornis ���Fraser 1938a, 1938b; Calder et al. 2003 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, from 1.4��N to 1.5��S in Gal��pagos Archipelago (Fraser 1938a, 1938b; Calder et al. 2003). Habitat: polyp���from 37 to 274m depth (Fraser 1938a, 1938b; Calder et al. 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Symplectoscyphus glacialis (J��derholm, 1904a) Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, from 34��S to 44��S (Genzano & Zamponi 1997)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Gymnangium hians (Busk, 1852) Synonyms in the area: Halicornaria hians var. balei ���Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Venezuela, at La Tortuga Island (Van Gemerden- Hoogeveen 1965)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Leuckartiara gardineri Browne, 1916 Distribution in South America: medusa���Pacific Ocean, Colombia, at 4.45��N 81.45��W (Alvari��o 1976)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Synthecium sp. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 2.50��S to 4.80��S, from 17.50��S to 18.30��S, from 21.25��S to 23.40��S (Shimabukuro 2007). Habitat: polyp���on sponges (Shimabukuro 2007)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Sibogita geometrica Maas, 1905 Distribution in South America: medusa���Pacific Ocean, Chile, at 33.67��S 78.84��W in Juan Fern��ndez Archipelago (Fagetti 1973 p. 38)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Plumularia obliqua (Johnston, 1847) Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, at 23�� S 44.46�� W (Nogueira et al. 1997; Migotto et al. 2002)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Pegantha sp. Distribution in South America: medusa—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 9.60°S to 9.75°S (Goy 1979; Migotto et al. 2002).

Halecium muricatum (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at 11.35��N 74.27��W in Santa Marta (Bandel & Wedler 1987). Habitat: on hard substrates, mud and sand (Bandel & Wedler 1987)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Symplectoscyphus plectilis (Hickson & Gravely, 1907) Synonyms in the area: Sertularella plectilis ��� J��derholm 1917 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp ��� Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, at 54.143��S 36.676��W in Puerto Leith (Blanco 1984a, 1994a). Habitat: polyp���from 20 to 65m depth (Blanco 1984a, 1994a)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Sertularella conica Allman, 1877 Synonyms in the area: Sertularella tenella ���J��derholm 1903; Nutting 1904; Vannucci 1951a [non Sertularella tenella Alder, 1856] [polyp]; Sertularella inconstans ���Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1950, 1951a; Wedler 1975 [non Sertularella inconstans Billard, 1919] [polyp]. Remarks: Galea (2013 p. 22) considered the record by Migotto (1996) as Sertularella peculiaris Leloup, 1974, but the records included herein were not formally assigned to Leloup���s species. A thorough revision of the materials is necessary to elucidate this doubt, ideally including molecular comparisons. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Venezuela, La Tortuga Island, Brazil, from 18.30��S to 24.20��S, from 27.13��S to 27.21��S, from 31.50��S to 32.50��S, Argentina, from 38.25��S to 56��S (J��derholm 1903; Nutting 1904; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1950, 1951a; Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965; Vervoort 1972; Wedler 1975; Stepanjants 1979; Blanco 1982, 1994a; Migotto 1996; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Grohmann 1997, 2006; Grohmann et al. 1997; Horta et al. 2001, abstract; Migotto et al. 2002, 2004; Shimabukuro 2007; Genzano et al. 2009a; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2011, 2015). Habitat: polyp���from intertidal zone to 157m depth, on Dynamena crisioides, sponges, shells, nodules of calcareous algae, Sargassum, anthozoan corallum (Vervoort 1972; Stepanjants 1979; Blanco 1982, 1994a; Migotto 1996; Zamponi et al. 1998; Seo 2003; Migotto et al. 2004; Shimabukuro 2007; Genzano et al. 2009a; Miranda et al. 2011, 2015)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 116-117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Halopteris tenella (Verrill, 1874) Synonyms in the area: Halopteris constricta ���Migotto 1996 [part]; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006 [polyp]; Schizotricha tenella ���Calder & Ma��al 1998 [polyp]. Remarks: Galea (2013 p. 34) remarked that some materials listed herein, like that by Migotto (1996, in part, see below), ���may belong��� to Halopteris tenella (Verrill, 1874). Close comparisons of both materials, including molecular analysis, are necessary to resolve this doubt. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, at 8.71��S 35��W and at 23.80��S 45.40��W (Migotto 1996; Calder & Ma��al 1998; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006). Habitat: polyp���from intertidal zone to 1.5m depth, in estuarine environments, on algae, mud, Rhizophora mangle roots, rock, shells, test panels, wood (Migotto 1996; Calder & Ma��al 1998; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Campanularia subantarctica Millard, 1971 Synonyms at the area: Campanularia tincta ���J��derholm 1905; Ritchie 1907a; Blanco 1964; Genzano & Zamponi 1997 [polyp] [non Campanularia tincta Hincks, 1861b]; Campanularia subantartica ���Genzano 1990, 1994b; Genzano & Zamponi 1997; Genzano et al. 2009a; Seo 2003 [polyp] [incorrect subsequent spelling]. Remarks: the names included in the synonymy of Campanularia subantarctica Millard, 1971 are considered provisional, pending more detailed study (see remarks of Campanularia lennoxensis J��derholm, 1903). The latitude given by Genzano (1990), as 83��S, is incorrect. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, at 38.13��S 57.51��W, and from 41.22��S to 55.02��S (J��derholm 1905; Ritchie 1907a; Blanco 1964, 1984c, 1994a; Genzano 1990, 1994b; Genzano et al. 1991, 2009a; Genzano & Zamponi 1997; Seo 2003; Cunha et al. 2015; Miranda et al. 2015). Habitat: polyp���from intertidal zone to 100m depth, on hydroids such as Amphisbetia operculata, Plumularia setacea and Symplectoscyphus marionensis, algae and bryozoans (J��derholm 1905; Blanco 1984c; Genzano 1990, 1994b; Seo 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Kirchenpaueria oligopyxis (Kirchenpauer, 1876) Synonyms in the area: Plumularia oligopyxis Kirchenpauer 1876 p. 48���49; Nutting 1900 p. 57���58 [polyp]. Remarks: Calder (1997 p. 4, as Plumularia oligopyxis) reasonably considered this species as a possible synonym of Ventromma halecioides. However, the elucidation of this proposal needs more study. Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, no specific record for the coast of South America (Kirchenpauer 1876 p. 48���49; Nutting 1900 p. 57���58). Habitat: polyp���on algae, gorgonians and sponges (Kirchenpauer 1876)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Plumularia galapagensis Calder, Mallinson, Collins & Hickman, 2003 Synonyms in the area: Plumularia tenuissima Fraser, 1938b, 1938c; Calder et al. 2003 [non Plumularia tenuissima Totton, 1930] [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, at 0.28��S 90.56��W in Isla Santiago (Fraser 1938b, 1938c; Calder et al. 2003). Habitat: polyp���from 64 to 73m depth (Fraser 1938b, 1938c; Calder et al. 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Sertularella curvitheca Galea & Schories, 2012a Synonyms at the area: Sertularella polyzonias —Leloup 1974 p. 32; Galea 2007 p. 64–65; Galea et al. 2009a p. 339 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp—Pacific Ocean, Chile, at Reloncaví Sound in Gulf of Ancud, and from 41.65°S to 49.18°S (Leloup 1974 p. 32; Galea 2007 p. 64–65; Galea et al. 2009a p. 339; Galea & Schories 2012a p. 38–40). Habitat: polyp—from 10 to 43m depth, on wood, polychaete tubes, calcareous bryozoans, dead gorgonians and sponges (Galea 2007 p. 64–65; Galea et al. 2009a p. 339; Galea & Schories 2012a p. 38–40).

Nemertesia vervoorti El Beshbeeshy, 2011 Synonyms in the area: Nemertesia vervoorti El Beshbeeshy, 1991 nomen nudum [polyp]. Remarks: the name Nemertesia vervoorti El Beshbeeshy, 1991 is a nomen nudum because it was first proposed in an unpublished dissertation (El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011). Recently, this name was made available by El Beshbeeshy (2011) (see article 50.1 of ICZN 1999). However, according to Ramil & Vervoort (2006:129), the species may not be valid, because it is ���close to if not identical with Nemertesia ramosa (Lamarck, 1816); set apart by El Beshbeeshy (1991) because of the stronger development of the internodal septa and the bigger size of the hydrothecae���. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil to Argentina, from 30��S to 50��S (El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011). Habitat: polyp���from 70 to 1000m depth (El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Pennaria disticha Goldfuss, 1820 Synonyms in the area: Pennaria tiarella ���Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Calder et al. 2003 [polyp]; Halocordyle sp. Vannucci, 1950 [polyp]; Halocordyle fragilis Vannucci, 1951a 1951b [polyp]; Halocordyle disticha ���Vervoort 1967; Mergner 1977, abstract, 1987; Wedler 1975; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto & Silveira 1987; Silveira & Migotto 1991; Pires et al. 1992; Grohmann 1997; Grohmann et al. 1997; Rosso & Marques 1997; Kelmo & Santa Isabel 1998; Amaral et al. 2009 [polyp]. Remarks: Vannucci (1950) recorded Halocordyle sp. for Brazilian waters and later named her material as Halocordyle fragilis Vannucci, 1951b. Silveira & Migotto (1991), based on the study of three total mounts, considered P. fragilis as a junior-synonym of P. disticha, both being ���extremes of a range of morphological variation due to environmental influence��� (Silveira & Migotto 1991:442). Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, at 0.56��N 80.01��W in San Francisco Bay, at 2.18��S 80.90��W in La Libertad, at 2.19��S 80.90��W in Santa Elena Bay, from 0.27��N to 1.4��S in Gal��pagos Archipelago (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Calder et al. 2003); Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Venezuela, from Puerto Cabello to La Guaira, Brazil, at 3.93��S 32.37��W, from 6.50��S to 28��S (Vannucci 1950 1951a, 1951b, 1954; Vervoort 1967; Wedler 1975; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Mergner 1977, abstract, 1987; Migotto & Silveira 1987; Silveira & Migotto 1991; Pires et al. 1992; Migotto 1996; Rosso & Marques 1997; Calder & Ma��al 1998; Kelmo & Santa Isabel 1998; Grohmann 1997; Grohmann et al. 1997, 2003; Migotto et al. 2002; Marques & Migotto 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006, abstract; Grohmann 2006; Marques et al. 2006; Shimabukuro et al. 2006; Bornancin 2008; Bornancin & Haddad 2008, abstract; Campos & Alonso 2008, abstract; Maronna et al. 2008, abstract; Shimabukuro 2007; Amaral et al. 2009; Gondim et al. 2011; Grohmann et al. 2011; Kremer & Rocha, 2011; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Bumbeer & Rocha 2012; Marques et al. 2013; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015; Miranda et al. 2015); medusa���Atlantic Ocean, from 23.70��S to 24��S (Migotto 1996). Habitat: polyp���from intertidal zone to 27m depth, on rocky shores, calcareous sandstone reef, algae, ascidians, barnacles, scleractinians, hydroids, mussels, sponges, fauling, ceramic test-panels, nylon rope (Fraser 1938a; Migotto & Silveira 1987; Silveira & Migotto 1991; Migotto 1996; Calder & Ma��al 1998; Kelmo & Santa Isabel 1998; Calder et al. 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006; Marques et al. 2006; Shimabukuro et al. 2006; Bornancin 2008; Shimabukuro 2007; Bornancin & Haddad 2008; Kremer & Rocha 2011; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Calamphora campanulata (Warren, 1908a) Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 20.20��S to 20.35��S, at 28.30��S 40.30��W (Grohmann et al. 1997; Migotto et al. 2002; Grohmann 2006)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Haliscera conica Vanh��ffen, 1903 Distribution in South America: medusa���Pacific Ocean, at 37��S in Concepci��n Bay (Pavez et al. 2010)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Plumularia lagenifera Allman, 1885 Remarks: similar to Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758), but recently suggested to be distinct (Schuchert 2013). Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, from 0.1��S to 1.1��S in Gal��pagos Archipelago, at 14.25��S 76.17��W in Bahia Independencia, Peru, at 14.29��S 76.19��W in Isla Viejas, Chile, at Valpara��so (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; J��derholm 1903 p. 291���292; Calder et al. 2003). Habitat: polyp���from 9 to 128m depth, on algae (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; J��derholm 1903 p. 291���292; Calder et al. 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Thyroscyphus ramosus Allman, 1877 Synonyms in the area:? Thyroscyphus torresii ���Ma��al 1973 [polyp];? Thyroscyphus vitiensis ���Ma��al 1973 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, at La Goajira, Venezuela, at La Guaira, and at Los Testigos Island, Brazil, from 2.50��S to 4.50��S, from 6.80��S to 9.80��S, from 11.50��S to 18.70��S, at 21��S 40.25��W, from 22.50��S to 24��S (Allman 1888; Versluys 1899; Van Gemerden- Hoogeveen 1965; Vervoort 1967; Ma��al 1973; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto 1996; Nogueira et al. 1997; Rosso & Marques 1997; Calder & Ma��al 1998; Migotto et al. 2002; Grohmann et al. 2003; Marques et al. 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006b; Shimabukuro 2007; Campos & Alonso 2008, abstract; Maronna et al. 2008, abstract; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2015). Habitat: polyp���in estuarine regions and rocky shores, from intertidal zone to 36m depth, on algae, artificial reefs of tires, rocks, sand, shell hash, sandstone reef, sponges, wood pilings (Allman 1888; Versluys 1899; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto 1996; Calder & Ma��al 1998; Marques et al. 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006b; Shimabukuro 2007)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Hydrodendron caciniformis (Ritchie, 1907b) Synonyms in the area: Diplocyathus caciniformis ���Leloup 1935 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, at Bonaire Island (Leloup 1935)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Amphicaryon ernesti Totton, 1954 Distribution in South America: Pacific Ocean, Colombia, from 5��N to 3��N (Alvari��o 1976), Chile, at 23��S off Antofagasta (Pag��s et al. 2001; Palma & Apablaza 2004); Atlantic Ocean, Brazil to Argentina, from 0�� to 35��S (Alvari��o 1968, 1971; Pugh 1999; Migotto et al. 2002; Araujo 2006, 2012; Araujo et al. 2010; specimens collected in this study). Habitat: neritic and oceanic species. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters (Alvari��o 1971; Pugh & Gasca 2009; Araujo 2012)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Aegina citrea Eschscholtz, 1829 Synonyms in the area: Aegina rosea ���Vannucci 1951a. Distribution in South America: medusa���Pacific Ocean, Chile, from 33��S to 33.67��S (Fagetti 1973 p. 45); Atlantic Ocean, Brazil to Uruguay, at 7.25��N 78.90��W, from 10��N to 35��S (Thiel 1936; Alvari��o 1968; Vannucci 1951a, 1957a; Kramp 1959a, Navas-Pereira 1974, 1981; Ram��rez & Zamponi 1981; Correia 1983; Segura-Puertas 1984; Migotto et al. 2002; Genzano et al. 2008a). Habitat: medusa���species widely distributed in the warm and temperate parts of all oceans; in cold waters it is restricted to deep water, but in warm areas it may occur at all depths (Kramp 1959a; Segura-Puertas 1984)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Eirene viridula (P��ron & Lesueur, 1809) Distribution in South America: medusa���Atlantic Ocean, Colombia to Brazil, from 10��N to 0�� (Equator) (Alvari��o 1968; Migotto et al. 2002)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Hippopodius hippopus (Forsk��l, 1776) Distribution in South America: Pacific Ocean, Colombia, from 7��N to 1��N (Alvari��o 1976; Cely & Chiquillo 1993), Peru, from 8o S to 16o S (IMARPE database), Chile, at 23��S off Antofagasta (Pag��s et al. 2001; Apablaza & Palma 2006); Atlantic Ocean, off French Guiana (Leloup 1934; Leloup & Hentschel 1935), Brazil to Argentina, from 0�� to 48��S (Moser 1925; Seguin 1965; Alvari��o 1968, 1971; Nogueira & Oliveira 1991; Dias 1994; Pugh 1999; Migotto et al. 2002; Araujo 2006, 2012; Araujo et al. 2010; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Bonecker et al. 2014). Habitat: neritic and oceanic species, epipelagic, widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters (Alvari��o 1971; Pugh 1974; Pag��s & Gili 1992; Pugh & Gasca 2009; Araujo 2012; Bonecker et al. 2014)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Agalma okeni Eschscholtz, 1825 Distribution in South America: Pacific Ocean, Colombia, from 3��N to 1��N (Cely & Chiquillo 1993); Atlantic Ocean, Brazil to Argentina, from 0�� to 54��S (Alvari��o 1968, 1971, 1981; Nogueira & Oliveira 1991; Dias 1994; Pugh 1999; Migotto et al. 2002; Araujo 2006, 2012; Araujo et al. 2010; Silveira & Morandini 2011; specimens collected in this study). Habitat: epipelagic and deep sea species, widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters (Alvari��o 1971, 1981; Pag��s & Gili 1992; Pugh & Gasca 2009; Araujo 2012)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Eirene sp. Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, at 23.85��S 45.42��W (Spiritus & Migotto 2008, abstract); medusa���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 26��S to 26.5��S, and at 27.84��S 46.91��W (Correia 1983; Nogueira Jr. 2012; Nogueira Jr. et al. 2015a). Habitat: polyp���interstitial, loosely attached to sand grains (Spiritus & Migotto 2008)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) Distribution in South America: polyp���Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, at 8.71��S 35��W, from 25��S to 26��S (Calder & Ma��al 1998; Haddad et al. 2006, abstract; Cangussu et al. 2010; Bumbeer & Rocha 2012). Habitat: polyp���on mud, Rhizophora mangle roots, wood, shells, and artificial substrates (Calder & Ma��al 1998; Haddad et al. 2006; Cangussu et al. 2010). Remarks: Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke, 1882 (Garveia cerulea) and G. franciscana may prove conspecific (Cairns et al. 2002 p. 50)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Scandia minor (Fraser, 1938a) Synonyms in the area: Bonneviella minor Fraser, 1938a; Calder et al. 2003 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, from 0.2��S to 0.6��S in channel between Isla Fernandina and Isla Isabela (Fraser 1938a; Calder et al. 2003). Habitat: polyp���on bryozoans, nullipores and rock, from 91 to 128m depth (Fraser 1938a; Calder et al. 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Vogtia pentacantha K��lliker, 1853 Distribution in South America: Pacific Ocean, Colombia, at 2��N 78��W (Cely & Chiquillo 1993), Chile, at 44��S 74��W off Boca del Guafo (Palma & Rosales 1997; Palma & Apablaza 2004); Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, equatorial region off the Amazon estuary (Alvari��o 1968, 1971; Migotto et al. 2002). Habitat: neritic and oceanic species, found in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters (Alvari��o 1971; Pugh & Gasca 2009)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Cladocarpus sp. Distribution in South America: polyp—Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast (Wedler 1975).

Nemertesia parva (Fraser, 1948) Synonyms in the area: Plumularia parva Fraser, 1948; Calder et al. 2003 [polyp]. Distribution in South America: polyp���Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, at 0.39S 90.35W in Isla Daphne Chica (Fraser 1948; Calder et al. 2003). Habitat: polyp���on mud, from 128 to 146m depth (Fraser 1948; Calder et al. 2003)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

Crossota alba Bigelow, 1913 Distribution in South America: medusa���Pacific Ocean, Chile, at 34.34��S at south of Valpara��so (Fagetti 1973 p. 42)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1