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North Africa, with its vast array of ecosystems and reliefs, constitutes a remarkable place to explore and describe the diversity of wild bees. In this paper, a new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae), D. schwarzi Radchenko et Michez sp. nov., is described from the Atlas Mountains area (Morocco and Tunisia). This species belongs to the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez and is phenotypically related to D. brevicornis Pérez, but differs from all other species of this subgenus by the structure of the male genitals, the metasomal sterna, and by its overall hair colour. A detailed comparative diagnosis of D. schwarzi with the other four species of this subgenus is provided, as well as a key to the males of Microdasypoda, and a correction to the diagnosis of the subgenus. This new species is the fortieth described Dasypoda species and should be looked for in other mountain regions of Northwest Africa, such as in the Algerian Atlas where it could be present.

Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.

Key to the males of Dasypoda (Microdasypoda) Michez, 2004 1. Galea black, smooth, polished, shiny, with very sparse punctures (Fig. 40). Glossa narrow and relatively long, 5 times as long as wide (Fig. 46). S6 with brown apical pilosity directed laterally (Figs 51, 56). Marginal edge of S6 strongly bent outside ventrally, especially at the lateral angles (Fig. 56). S7 marginal part deeply notched centrally, its lateral apodemes relatively short (Fig. 61). Dorso-apical part of S8 with two wide, partly separated outgrowths (Fig. 71); lateral apodemes before pregladular area of this sternum rectangularly widened on the sides (Fig. 66). Gonostylus strongly widened and not rounded apically; inner basal part of gonostylus with very short tooth; penis valvae narrower than gonostylus (Figs 76, 82). Mid and hind legs with the last article often yellow. Distribution: species mostly distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean basin (Fig. 88)............................................................................. Dasypoda cingulata Erichson, 1835 – S6 with apical pilosity directed radially (Figs 50, 52–54). Latero-apical angles of S6 flat, not curved outward ventrally (Figs 55, 57–59). Dorso-apical part of S8 with entire transverse carina (Figs 70, 72, 74) or with two semicircular, completely separated outgrowths (Fig. 73); lateral apodemes before pregladular area of this sternum more beveled on the sides (Figs 65, 67–69). Inner basal part of gonostylus with longer tooth or lobe-like projection, or penis valvae are wider than gonostylus. Galea brown to dark brown, tightly covered with small tubercles that in some places form the thin wavy striae (Figs 9, 39, 41, 42). Glossa wider and relatively shorter, 2.5-3.5 times as long as wide (Figs 45, 47–49). Mid and hind legs with last article brown to black.................................................................................................... 2 2. Marginal part of S6 very slightly notched centrally and with white pilosity (Figs 53, 58). Apical third of S7 strongly widened, its marginal part slightly notched centrally (Fig. 63); dorso-apical part of S8 with two deeply separated semicircular outgrowths (Fig. 73). Penis valves narrower than gonostyle; inner basal part of gonostylus with a long spine-like tooth (Figs 78, 84). Pilosity of the body silver-white. Distribution: species endemic to central and southern Spain (Fig. 88)......................................................................................... Dasypoda iberica Warncke, 1973 – Marginal part of S6 strongly triangularly notched centrally, forming two separate projections covered with a brown pilosity (Figs 50, 52, 54). Apical third of S7 narrowed, its marginal part strongly notched centrally (Figs 60, 62, 64); dorso-apical part of S8 with entire transverse carina very slightly notched centrally (Figs 70, 72, 74). Inner basal part of gonostylus with a small tooth or bilobed without a long spine-like tooth. Penis valves as wide as the gonostyle (Figs 75, 77, 79). Pilosity of the body mostly yellowish to brownish............................................................................ 3 3. Face with a patch of pure white hairs surrounded by a pure black pilosity. S6 apical projections with right angles on the inner edges (Figs 52, 57). Gonostylus narrowed at apex, lanceolate, with a small tooth at the base (Figs 77, 83). Distribution: species bound to the western part of the Mediterranean basin (Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and Morocco; Fig. 87)...................................................................................... Dasypoda crassicornis Friese, 1896 – Hair of the face with a different colour pattern. Apical projections of S6 with rounded angles on the inner edges (Figs 50, 54). Gonostyli bilobed without spine-like tooth at the base (Figs 75, 79)............................................. 4 4. 1 st flagellomere relatively shorter, conical, 1.4 times as long as wide at the apex (Fig. 43). Face with a yellowish pilosity intermixed with black hairs especially on the paraocular areas. Apical projections of S6 with rounded angles on the outer edges (Fig. 55). S8 not notched laterally before the widened basal part (Fig. 65). Gonostylus with a well-developed internal lobe strongly thickened in the middle and with very dense long pubescence on the side facing the penis valvae; external lobe rounded at the top (Figs 75, 80, 81). Distribution: species only recorded in the northern parts of Algeria and Tunisia (Fig. 87)............................................................................... Dasypoda brevicornis Pérez, 1895 – 1 st flagellomere relatively longer, partly cylindrical in apical half, 1.7 times as long as wide at the apex (Fig. 44). Face with a white pilosity except vertex and adjacent parts that intermixed with black hairs. Apical projections of S6 with right angles on the outer edges (Fig. 59). S8 deeply notched laterally before the widened basal part (Fig. 69). Inner lobe of gonostylus widened in a circular shape and flat at the apical half, racquet-like with a widened base, and covered with very sparse long setae on surface facing penis valves; external lobe of gonostylus wide, its apex oblique truncated (Figs 79, 85, 86). Distribution: species currently known from Morocco and Tunisia (Fig. 89)................ Dasypoda schwarzi Radchenko & Michez sp. nov., Published as part of Radchenko, Vladimir G., Ghisbain, Guillaume & Michez, Denis, 2022, A new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Northwest Africa with comparative remarks on the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez, pp. 74-86 in Zootaxa 5188 (1) on pages 83-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7087411

Dasypoda schwarzi Radchenko et Michez sp. nov. Type material. Holotype ♂ with the printed label: " Tunesien, Thala 20 km S [35°23'N 8°41'E], 12.4.1981, leg. Max. Schwarz " (MSAA). Paratypes: 2 ♂ with the printed label: " Morocco, 40 km S Guercif [33°53'N 3°22'W], 15.- 17.5.1995, Ma. Halada lgt." (UMONS); Tunesien, Thala 20 km S, 12.4.1981, leg. J. Gusenleitner (OÖLM). Etymology. The species is named after Maximilian Schwarz, an authority on bee systematics. Subgeneric affinity. Dasypoda schwarzi sp. nov. can be regarded as a representative of the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez (in Michez et al. 2004b) due to the combination of its diagnostic features. First, representatives of the subgenus Microdasypoda are characterized by a relatively small body size of approximately 7-12 mm (contrast Megadasypoda and many species of Dasypoda s.str. and Heterodasypoda which are significantly larger). Then, the subgenus is most significantly distinguished from all other Dasypoda subgenera by the structure of the male genitalia and S7: the gonostylus of Microdasypoda is either unilobed with one basal tooth, or bilobed without a membranous structure that connects these lobes (contrast Dasypoda s.str. in which the gonostylus is bilobed with such membranous structure, and Heterodasypoda and Megadasypoda in which it is trilobed), and the S7 does not bear latero-apical processes, which are characteristic of all other subgenera of Dasypoda. The previously cited apomorphies of Microdasypoda should however always be regarded with a combination of other characters that are individually shared by other subgenera, but not all. First, the malar space of Microdasypoda is always much shorter than the pedicel (contrast most Megadasypoda) and their maxillary palpi and galea are of a sub-equal length (contrast Dasypoda s.str. and Megadasypoda). The nervulus (cu-v) of Microdasypoda is strongly antefurcal (contrast most Megadasypoda). The apex of S6 of Microdasypoda has a long, dense pubescence (contrast Dasypoda s.str. and Megadasypoda which have short, sparse ones). Microdasypoda lack lateral hooks at the basal half of S8 (contrast Dasypoda s.str. and some Megadasypoda). The external lobe of the gonostyle of Microdasypoda is not lanceolate (contrast Megadasypoda and some Heterodasypoda), and the inner lobe of the gonostyle of Microdasypoda does not present a scaly surface (contrast Heterodasypoda in which this scaly surface is clearly visible). The new species described in this work, Dasypoda schwarzi sp. nov., clearly corresponds to all the features that characterize the subgenus Microdasypoda. Description. Male (Figs 1, 2): Holotype. Body black, its length (vertex to T7) 11.9 mm (paratypes: 11.5 mm and 10.5 mm). Head slightly wider than long (Fig. 6): L = 2.9 mm (paratypes: 2.8 mm and 2.7 mm), W = 3.4 mm (paratypes: 3.2 and 3.1 mm, respectively); clypeus densely punctured by oblique downward hair-bearing punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameter with abundant long, dense, white adjacent hair obscuring underlying surface, apex of clypeus with narrow depressed impunctate band. Paraocular area irregularly punctate, punctures separated by 1–3 puncture diameter. Paraocular and supraclypeal areas and basal part of frons with long erect pale-white plumose hairs, intermixed on upper part near vertex with dark brown hair. Genal area, apical parts of vertex, and occiput with long, erect pale-white pubescence intermixed with dark brown hair. Central part of frons with narrowly depressed, median stripe, upper part of frons medially polished, unpunctured; laterally irregularly, sparsely punctate and very weakly shagreened. Malar space narrow, 4 times as broad as long, (W = 0.43 mm, L = 0.11 mm) (Fig. 4). Antennal scape anteriorly with long erect white hair. Flagellum moderately long, first flagellomere 1.7 times as long as its apex width and 1.25 times longer than second one (Fig. 3, 44). Labrum polished and shining, apical edge with long dense fringe of golden-yellow or pale-yellow thick hair. Glossa short: L = 0.65 mm, widened at base: W (at base) = 0.23 mm (Fig. 5). 2 nd and 3 rd segments of labial palpi apically swollen. Galea weakly shagreened with very sparse and superficial punctation (Fig. 9); maxillary palpi subequal in length with galea. Mesosoma: W (between tegulae) = 2.9 mm (paratypes: 2.9 mm and 2.7 mm). Scutum with hair-bearing punctation, punctures separated by 1–1.5 puncture diameters with exception of sparsely punctate (3–4 puncture diameters) central part (Fig. 7); mesosoma ventrally covered with very long, erect white hair, laterally and dorsally with pale-yellow hair, on scutum intermixed with shorter dark brown hairs; scutellum and metanotum with rufous hair. Propodeal triangle finely shagreened, basally with narrow transverse rugosity; external margins well-defined by lateral lines (Fig. 8). Propodeum laterally very weakly shagreened and sparsely punctured with long erect yellow hair. Wings hyaline with light brown tint; tegulae, venation and stigmata dark brown. Nervulus (cu-v) antefurcal. Legs with long pale-yellow pubescence, apart from greyish pubescence of inner side of tibiae and dense short ginger-yellow pubescence of inner side of metabasitarsus. Metasoma (Figs 10, 11): L = 5.8 mm (paratypes: 5.7 and 5.3 mm); W = 4.3 mm (paratypes: 4.3 mm and 3.8 mm, respectively). T1 basal part with oblique, moderately sparse punctation with long, semierect hair; separated by 1–3 puncture diameters; marginal part of T1 depressed, almost unpunctured and very thinly and densely transversely wrinkled with sparse superficial weakly noticeable punctation bearing short brown hair (Fig. 12); narrow apical margin of all terga light, translucent. Basal parts of T2–T5 moderately dense punctured, punctures separated by 1–2 puncture diameter with long semi-adjacent yellow hair, underlying surface with sparse short brown hair. Apical margins of T2–T5 slightly depressed with entire bands of very short dense white hairs covered from above by apical parts of long yellow hair. Basal part of T6 densely punctate by hair-bearing puncture with semi-adjacent long yellow hair (in holotype specimen this pubescence erased), laterally with long erected pale-yellow hair intermixed with sparse brown hair; apical margin of this tergum polished, impunctate. Basal parts of sterna moderately sparse punctured (denser on S2–S4 and sparser on S5) by very small oblique hair-bearing punctures with very short dark brown hair; underlying surface weakly shagreen (Fig. 13). Sternal margins with sparse, yellow hair fringes longer laterally and shorter centrally, narrowly interrupted at the centre of S1–S4, and widely on S5. Marginal parts of S1–S5 very sparse punctured, polished, its narrow apical margin light, translucent, on S2–S5 medially widely roundly notched. S6 marginal part medially with wide projection deeply triangularly emarginated on apex (Figs 14, 15). S7 (Fig. 17) latero-apically with short, weakly sclerotized semicircular projections bent towards inner side of sternum (Fig. 18). S8 relatively short, stumpy, deeply semicircularly concave laterally before widened basal part (Figs 19, 20); apex of S8 posterodorsal part with whole transverse carina not notched or emarginated in centre (Fig. 16). Genitalia with bilobed gonostyli (Figs 21–34). Inner lobe of gonostylus moderately wide and long, widened in a circular shape at apex and covered with sparse long setae on surface facing penis valves and on margins (Figs 33, 34, 85, 86); external lobe wide, its apex obliquely truncated (Fig. 32), ventral part narrowly, triangularly elongated, inner surface with several hairs, each inserted into crater-like raised alveoli (Figs 35–37). Female unknown. Distribution. Northwest Africa: Atlas Mountains area (Morocco and Tunisia) (Fig. 89). Floral visitation. Pollen grains of the Malvaceae plant family were mainly found on the body of the paratype (Fig. 38), and only a few grains of Asteraceae. Species diagnosis. The main significant differences D. schwarzi sp. nov. from the other known species of Microdasypoda concern the structure of genitalia. Other Microdasypoda species have single-lobed gonostyli with a spine-like tooth on the inner basal part (in D. cingulata, D. crassicornis and D. iberica; Figs 82–84) or bilobed gonostyli with a thickened internal lobe that has a very dense, long pubescence on surface facing penis valves (in D. brevicornis; Figs 75, 80, 81). Unlike other representatives of this subgenus, the genitalia of D. schwarzi have bilobed gonostyli with the inner lobes that are laterally flattened and dorso-ventrally widened in a circular shape at the apical part, and with sparse setae on the surface facing penis valves (Figs 85, 86). By the structure of its genitals and sterna, D. schwarzi is most similar to D. brevicornis, sharing the same structure of S6, S7, dorso-apical part of S8, glossa and galea. In both species, unlike other Microdasypoda, the setae along the lower edge of the galea are longer in the apical half than in the basal half where they are very short and poorly visible (Figs 9, 39) (Michez et al. 2004b indicated the absence of setae in the basal half of galea, probably due to the relatively lower resolution of optics used at that time). Dasypoda schwarzi can also be separated from D. brevicornis by the following features: the external lobe of the gonostyle in D. schwarzi with a strongly oblique apex (Figs 21, 23, 29, 32); the digitus of its volsella shorter and wider (Fig. 28); the 1 st flagellomere relatively longer (Figs 43, 44); the mandibular palpus with thicker segments (Figs 5, 6, 9); the apical projection of the S6 with right angles on the outer edges (rather than rounded lateral corners as in D. brevicornis) (Figs 55, 59); the lateral margins of the S8 deeply semicircularly notched before the apodemes (straight-beveled lateral margins of S 8 in D. brevicornis) (Figs 65, 69); and the lower half of the face with light pubescence without dark brown or black hair (the latter being typical in D. brevicornis). Remarks on the comparative morphology of Microdasypoda. The use of modern optics with a higher resolution made it possible to refine the original diagnosis of the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez (Michez et al. 2004b). In particular, the outer lobe of the gonostyle may have a lanceolate shape (in D. crassicornis), the S 7 in almost all species of the subgenus (with the exception of D. iberica) has a very small almost non-chitinous lateroapical outgrowths (Fig. 18); the dorso-apical part of S8 has an entire transverse carina or two partly or completely separated teeth (Figs 70–74); the S6 apicoventrally may have not only brown pubescence (in most species), but can also present a complete silver-white pubescence (in D. iberica; Fig. 53; Radchenko et al. 2019). This updated clarification of the diagnostic characters of all species belonging to the subgenus Microdasypoda, as well as the detailed morphological characters of the male of D. iberica that was recently published (Radchenko et al. 2019) made it possible to compose a corrected and updated key for the males., Published as part of Radchenko, Vladimir G., Ghisbain, Guillaume & Michez, Denis, 2022, A new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Northwest Africa with comparative remarks on the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez, pp. 74-86 in Zootaxa 5188 (1) on pages 75-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7087411, {"references":["Michez, D., Terzo, M. & Rasmont, P. (2004 b) Phylogenie, biogeographie et choix floraux des abeilles oligolectiques du genre Dasypoda Latreille 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, New Series, 40 (3 - 4), 421 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697431","Radchenko, V. G., Ghisbain, G. & Michez, D. (2019) Redescription of three rare species of Dasypoda bees with first description of D. iberica and D. tibialis females (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae). Zootaxa, 4700 (3), 326 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4700.3.2"]}

[ES] Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los cuales un 87% presentan información georreferenciada. Para cada registro se incluye información relativa a la localidad de muestreo (89%), identificador y colector de la especie (64%), fecha de captura (54%) y planta donde se recolectó (20%). Creemos que esta base de datos es el punto de partida para conocer y conservar mejor la biodiversidad de abejas en la península ibérica e Islas Baleares, [EN] Bees are a diverse group with more than 1000 species known from the Iberian Peninsula. They have increasingly received special attention due to their important role as pollinators and providers of ecosystem services. In addition, various rapid human-induced environmental changes are leading to the decline of some of its populations. However, we know very little about the conservation status of most species and for many species, we hardly know their true distributions across the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we present a collaborative effort to collate and curate a database of Iberian bee occurrences to answer questions about their distribution, habitat preference, phenology, or historical trends. In total we have accumulated 87 684 records from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands of 923 different species with 87% of georeferenced records collected between 1830 and 2022. In addition, each record has associated information such as the sampling location (89%), collector and person who identified the species (64%), date of the capture (54%) and plant species where the bees were captured (20%). We believe that this database is the starting point to better understand and conserve bee biodiversity in the Iberian Peninsula., Esta base de datos se ha realizado con la ayuda de los proyectos EUCLIPO (Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, LISBOA-01-0145- FEDER-028360/EUCLIPO) y SAFEGUARD (ref. 101003476 H2020-SFS-2019-2).

Against the context of global wildlife declines, targeted mitigation strategies have become critical to preserve what remains of biodiversity. However, the effective development of conservation too ...

International audience; Climate change is related to an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves. It is well established that such events may worsen the current world-wide biodiversity decline. In many organisms, heat stress is associated with direct physiological perturbations and could lead to a decrease of fitness. In contrast to endotherms, heat stress resistance has been poorly investigated in heterotherms; especially in insects, in which the internal physiological mechanisms available to regulate body temperature are almost negligible making them sensitive to extreme temperature variations.Wild bees are crucial pollinators for wild plants and crops. Among them, bumblebees are experiencing a strong decline across the world. Therefore, the ongoing global decline of these insect pollinators partly due to climate change could cause major economic issues.Here we assess how simulated heatwaves impact fertility and attractiveness (key parameters of sustainability) of bumblebee males. We used three model species: Bombus terrestris, a widespread and warm-adapted species, B. magnus and B. jonellus, two declining and cold-adapted species.We highlight that heat shock (40 degrees C) negatively affects sperm viability and sperm DNA integrity only in the two cold-adapted species. Heat shock can also impact the structure of cephalic labial glands and the production of pheromones only in the declining species.The specific disruption in key reproductive traits we identify following simulated heatwave conditions could provide one important mechanistic explanation for why some pollinators are in decline through climate change.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Wild and managed bees are essential for global food security and the maintenance of biodiversity. At present, the conservation of wild bees is hampered by a huge shortfall in knowledge about the trends and status of individual species mainly due to their large diversity and variation in life histories. In contrast, the managed Western honey bee Apis mellifera is one of the best studied and monitored insects in existence. Since similar drivers may be relevant for the decline of wild bees and losses of managed honey bees, this raises the possibility that monitoring of honey bees may help to detect threatened regions for wild bees, thereby fostering urgently required conservation measures. However, this possible relationship has not yet been explicitly tested for. Moreover, research currently focused on honey bees as a model species may yield important insights into wild insect susceptibility to stressors and vice versa. Here we use the bees of Europe as a model to show that managed honey bees are not suitable surrogates for detecting declines in wild bees. A direct comparison of the response of wild bees and honey bees to the same threats (nutritional deficiencies, parasites and pathogens, pesticides, and a changing climate) shows that, whilst some of their responses may be similar at the individual level, when considered at the reproductive level (individuals versus colonies), many of their responses diverge. These results reinforce the need for basic research into wild bee biology, the need for national monitoring schemes for wild bee populations, and the call for conservation actions tailored to the individual ecologies of wild bee species., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Bumblebees are undergoing strong declines in Europe caused by habitat loss and fragmentation, agricultural intensification, and climate change. Long-term records are necessary to estimate population trends precisely and to propose appropriate mitigation strategies. Based on an original database of 173,788 specimens from museum collections, scientific monitoring, and opportunistic citizen data from 1810 to 2016, we compared changes in species richness and area of occupancy of Belgian bumblebee species through three time-periods (1910–1930, 1970–1989, and 1990–2016). We also assessed if the observed trends are related to species-specific ecological traits and spatial scales (local, regional and national). Overall, species richness decreased over the last century in Belgium, but some regions retained relatively species-rich communities. A strong shift in community composition occurred. Three species remained among the “top five” in terms of species occurrence (area of occupancy) between the three time-periods (B. pascuorum, B. lapidarius, and B. pratorum), but several species that were once widespread declined drastically (B. muscorum, B. humilis, B. ruderatus, and B. veteranus), while a few species increased their distribution (e.g. B. hypnorum and B. terrestris). Habitat preferences significantly explained the observed trends, with declining species preferring open habitats and increasing species preferring wooded habitats.

West Palearctic bumblebees are common wildflowers and crop pollinators that are well studied in their central and northern distribution ranges, but fewer information is available on their southern distribution areas. Lebanon falls on the southern limit of their distribution and no published information is available on the local bumblebees. Our study aims to produce a data baseline of the local bumblebee species. In order to do so we grouped available old records of bumblebees in Lebanon with recent author collections and produced preliminary distribution maps. We listed four species: Bombus terrestris, B. argillaceus, B. niveatus vorticosus and B. melanurus. Preliminary distribution shows that Bombus terrestris and B. argillaceus are widespread and have a large foraging range, whereas B. niveatus vorticosus and B. melanurus have a restricted distribution to altitudes above 1800 m with a smaller foraging range. The male cephalic labial gland secretions analysis of local Bombus terrestris specimens provides preliminary evidence that the local subspecies could be Bombus terrestris calabricus. Therefore, we highlight the importance of regulating foreign Bombus terrestris subspecies importation for agriculture purposes, as well as monitoring B. niveatus vorticosus and B. melanurus that are rendered vulnerable by their isolated populations.

Commercial apple production relies on managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) for pollination, and on intensive management for pest control. Previous studies have highlighted the potentially detrimental effects of intensive crop management on wild bee diversity in agroecosystems, potentially jeopardizing the pollination services they provide. However, the extent to which honey bee dominance and crop management interact under field-realistic conditions and drive the structure of wild bee assemblages has not been investigated so far. In this study, we measured species richness, as well as the functional and phylogenetic diversity of wild bee assemblages in 36 paired organic and non-organic apple orchards during their flowering season and along a geographic gradient across western Europe. Our results show a strong significant and negative association between honey bee dominance and all wild bee diversity metrics, regardless of local management. Semi-natural habitats had a significant and positive effect on functional diversity, while urbanization and crop cover around the orchards showed no effect on all measured diversity metrics. A greater number of species exhibited less common, or frequent, combinations of functional traits at sites with high honey bee dominance, especially larger bee species with longer tongues. Collectively, we show that wild bee diversity decreases with increasing honey bee dominance, and that this negative association is not buffered by alternative (i.e., organic) management practices in commercial apple orchards. Although organic farming can bring about biodiversity benefits, our study demonstrates that, in the context of commercial apple production, other measures are needed to enhance and harness biodiversity for sustainable and profitable crop production. In particular, a lowered reliance on honey bees and a redesign of orchards through configurational crop heterogeneity and/or the restoration of in-field semi‐natural elements are required beyond agricultural input substitution.

Ecosystem complexity is among the important drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are becoming an important tool for characterizing vegetation patterns and processes. The variety of UASs applications is immense, and so are the procedures to process UASs data described in the literature. Optimizing the workflow is still a matter of discussion. Here, we present a comprehensive synthesis aiming to identify common rules that shape workflows applied in UAS-based studies facing complexity in ecosystems. Analysing the studies, we found similarities irrespective of the ecosystem, according to the character of the property addressed, such as species composition (biodiversity), ecosystem structure (stand volume/complexity), plant status (phenology and stress levels), and dynamics (disturbances and regeneration). We propose a general framework allowing to design UAS-based vegetation surveys according to its purpose and the component of ecosystem complexity addressed. We support the framework by detailed schemes as well as examples of best practices of UAS studies covering each of the vegetation properties (i.e. composition, structure, status and dynamics) and related applications. For an efficient UAS survey, the following points are crucial: knowledge of the phenomenon, choice of platform, sensor, resolution (temporal, spatial and spectral), model and classification algorithm according to the phenomenon, as well as careful interpretation of the results. The simpler the procedure, the more robust, repeatable, applicable and cost effective it is. Therefore, the proper design can minimize the efforts while maximizing the quality of the results.

The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is used worldwide for crop pollination. Despite its positive impact on crop yield, it has become a widespread threat to biodiversity due to its interactions with local bumblebee populations. Commercial subspecies introduced to the Iberian Peninsula since the 1990s without any regulation have colonized the environment, with evidence of naturalization and introgression with the endemic subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus. We have used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to describe the current genetic diversity of the Iberian population and to estimate the expansion of commercial bumblebees. Samples from the natural distribution range of the commercial subspecies, the natural intergradation area between the two subspecies and from a period prior to the use of commercial colonies (i.e., before the 1990s) have been used for comparison. Our results show that the mitochondrial haplotype of the commercial breeds has spread throughout the territory, which, together with subtle changes observed in the nuclear genetic diversity of the populations, indicates that hybridization and consequent introgression are occurring in most of the peninsula. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the existing legislation concerning the management and exportation of commercial bumblebees to conserve locally adapted populations.

Andrena (Charitandrena) hattorfiana nigricauda Wood subsp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73F5116B-23D0-4071-BA9F-6B54A54405CC Figs 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 Diagnosis Andrena hattorfiana (Fabricius, 1775) can be very easily recognised as it is the only known member of the Charitandrena Hedicke, 1933 in the West Palaearctic. Females have a unique combination of a conspicuously carinate hind femur, a hind tibial spur that is convexly broadened towards the middle, and an elongate glossa. Males are harder to recognise through a combination of unique characters, but their large body size, yellow clypeus, lack of a pronotal carina, and long glossa in combination with specific characters such as genital structure are sufficient to facilitate identification. Andrena hattorfiana nigricauda Wood subsp. nov. differs from the nominate form (Figs 51, 53, 55) because it has an almost completely darkened integument and pilosity. True Andrena hattorfiana normally shows extensive variation in the colour of its abdominal integument, with individuals from the same location varying from extensively red marked to completely black. Its variability has resulted in a relative large number of synonyms for an Andrena (Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002). However, what is consistent is that the hairs of T5 and those flanking the pygidial plate are uniformly golden-orange (Fig. 55). In the Spanish material presented here, these hairs are completely black (Fig. 54). In the male, there are no clear structural differences, but as in the female the pubescence is much darker across the whole body (Figs 58–63). Etymology The name ‘ nigri ’ (‘black’) + ‘ cauda ’ (‘tail’) was chosen to reflect the black hairs at the apex of the metasoma in the female sex, a clear point of difference from the nominate form. Material examined Holotype SPAIN • ♀; Alicante, Puerto de Confrides; 1000 m a.s.l.; [38.686° N, 0.271° W]; 15 Jun. 1978; H. Teunissen leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 50, 52, 54, 56). Paratypes SPAIN • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Alicante, Puerto de Confrides; 1000 m a.s.l.; 15 Jun. 1978; H. Teunissen leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 58, 60, 62, 64) • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; OÖLM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; TJWC. Other material (Andrena hattorfiana) SPAIN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Madrid, Collado Mediano; 17 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 59, 61, 63, 65) • 1 ♀; Pirineos Orient, 20 km NE of Ripoll; 1650 m a.s.l.; 31 Jul. 2011; J. Halada leg.; OÖLM (illustrated Figs 51, 53, 55, 57) • 1 ♀; Huesca, Mte Perdido; 1300 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 1977; P.M.F. Verhoeff leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Viella; 1100–1800 m a.s.l.; 27 Jul. 1963; H. Hamann leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Cantabria, Picos de Europa, Camaleno; 600 m a.s.l.; 5 May 2014; D.W. Baldock leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Santander, Arredondo, Bustablado; 11 Jul. 1984; R. Leys leg.; NMNL. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 16–17 mm (Fig. 50). HEAD. Black, 1.2 times as wide as long (Fig. 52). Clypeus domed, slightly flattened centrally and apically, underlying surface shagreened and dull basally and laterally, becoming weaker apically, weakly shining. Entire surface densely punctured with exception of faint impunctate central line, punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameters. Process of labrum triangular, twice as broad as long, deeply emarginate apically. Gena, vertex, face, and scape with moderately long dark brown to black hairs, longest equalling length of scape. Antennae dark, A3 long, exceeding length of A4+5+6, A5–12 lightened orange below. Fovea of a uniform width, occupying half of area between lateral ocelli and top of compound eye. Vertex wide, as wide as three ocellar diameters. MESOSOMA. Scutum and scutellum finely shagreened, weakly shining, densely and evenly punctured, punctures separated by 1 puncture diameter. Episternum and propodeum evenly and finely rugose, propodeal triangle clearly marked by a lateral carina, internal surface with more strongly produced rugosity, broadly similar. Scutum and scutellum with short, episternum and propodeum with longer dark brown hair, at its longest not exceeding length of scape. Legs dark, apical tarsal segments lightened red-brown, pubescence dark brown to dark red. All scopal hairs dark brown, those of femoral and tibial scopa ventrally finely plumose, otherwise simple. Wings weakly infuscate, venation dark brown, nervulus interstitial. METASOMA. Terga dark brown, only apical margins slightly lightened brown (Fig. 54). Tergal surface very weakly shagreened, generally shining, centrally punctured, punctures separated by 1–2 puncture diameters, punctures becoming sparse laterally, here separated by 3–4 puncture diameters. Hairs of T5 and those flanking pygidial plate dark brown to black, pygidial plate rounded, smooth, very weakly convex, impunctate. Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 15 mm (Fig. 58). HEAD. Black, 1.2 times as wide as long (Fig. 60). Characters as in female, but clypeus yellow with exception of two dark spots laterally, A3 slightly subequal to A4+5+6, and A4–13 lightened orange below. MESOSOMA. As in female. METASOMA. As in female (Fig. 62). S7 deeply emarginate apically, S8 columnar, apical half hairy with two broad lateral tufts centrally and one tuft apically, apex truncate. Genitalia with pronounced but truncate gonocoxal teeth, penis valve broadly triangular, tapering apically, gonostyli long and narrow with slightly flattened apexes with short, white, sparse hairs (Fig. 64). Remarks The presence of A. hattorfiana nigricauda Wood subsp. nov. in the mountains of Alicante represents, at the very least, an isolated population showing a unique colour pattern. Other records of A. hattorfiana in Spain come from the Sistema Central around and to the west of Madrid, the Picos de Europa, and the Pyrenees (Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002). The location in Alicante is therefore around 400 km from the nearest known populations of A. hattorfiana that conform to the typical hair colour pattern. However, separating this population as specifically distinct is premature without molecular investigation, and overall differences are slight outside of colouration; the male genitalia of the two colour forms are essentially indistinguishable. Andrena hattorfiana nigricauda subsp. nov. could simply be a melanic form, and molecular analysis could show whether it is nested within A. hattorfiana when considered across its whole range. Indeed, material of A. hattorfiana from the most southerly parts of the Balkan Peninsula has hairs flanking the pygidial plate that are dark brown, but otherwise this material shows typical red terga (treated as A. h. dimidiata Brullé, 1832 by Warncke, see Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002). Pollen removed from the scopae of four females of A. hattorfiana nigricauda subsp. nov. (Fig. 56) consisted of Knautia - type pollen (formerly Dipsacaceae Juss., now Caprifoliaceae Juss.). Andrena hattorfiana is a very well-studied specialist of this family (Fig. 57; Westrich 1989; Larsson & Franzén 2007), suggesting that the dietary niche itself is unchanged. Distribution Andrena hattorfiana is distributed from central and northern Spain across Europe to Greece, Turkey, and the Caucasus (Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002)., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 168-171, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Gusenleitner F. & Schwarz M. 2002. Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen zu palaarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna Supplement 10: 1 - 1280.","Westrich P. 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wurttembergs. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.","Larsson M. & Franzen M. 2007. Critical resource levels of pollen for the declining bee Andrena hattorfiana (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Biological Conservation 134: 405 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2006.08.030"]}

Andrena (Euandrena) impressa Warncke, 1967 stat. nov. Figs 84–87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99 Andrena angustior impressa Warncke, 1967: 234 (Morocco, Tangier, ♂). Material examined (Andrena impressa) Holotype MOROCCO • ♂; Tangier; OÖLM (illustrated Fig. 86). Paratypes PORTUGAL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cardigos; OÖLM • 1 ♀; Matto do Fundão; OÖLM (illustrated Fig. 85). SPAIN • 1 ♂; Barcelona; O. Schmiedeknecht leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Canet de Mar; 17 May 1963; Vergés leg.; OÖLM. Other material ALGERIA • 1 ♂; El Kseur, F. t. d’Akfadou; 22 May 1981; OÖLM. FRANCE • 1 ♀; Landes, St-Justin, Arouille; 25 May 2013; I. Cross leg.; ICC • 2 ♀♀; Pyr. Or., Banyulsdels-Aspres; 5–7 Jun. 1997; H. Wiering and F. Kunst leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Pyr. Or., Villelongue; 28 May 1992; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert; 10 Apr. 1965; OÖLM. MOROCCO • 1 ♀; Tangier; OÖLM • 1 ♀; Azil. Taddert; 1750 m a.s.l.; 10 Mar. 1988; V. Lefeber leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Issaguen, 150 km SE of Tanger; 1550 m a.s.l.; 12 May 2015; Mucska leg.; OÖLM. PORTUGAL • 1 ♀; Bensafrim; 5 Mar. 2015; I. Cross leg.; ICC • 1 ♀; Rossas, Touça, N205 x M614; 14 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC (illustrated Figs 87, 89, 91) • 1 ♀; Vilarinha; 16 Apr. 2017; I. Cross leg.; ICC. SPAIN • 1 ♂; Almeria, Enix; 300 m a.s.l.; 10 May 1978; Diller leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♀; Almeria: Bayarcal; 24 Jun. 1988; M. Schwarz leg.; MSC • 1 ♀; Ávila, Guisando; 750 m a.s.l.; 27 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; TJWC • 1 ♂; Cáceres; 4 Apr. 1921; J.M. Dusmet y Alonso leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Cáceres, Rivera de Gata, W of Villasbuenas; 16 Jun. 1984; W. Schacht leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Canet de Mar; 12 Apr. 1965; Vergés leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♀; Granada, Ventas del Molinello; 20 Jun. 1987; M. Schwarz leg.; TJWC • 1 ♂; Granada, Sierra de Almijara, Pico Lopera; 25 Mar. 2009; I. Cross leg.; ICC • 1 ♀; Málaga, Alcuzcuz, nr San Pedro de Alcantara; 18 Apr. 1983; NMNL • 4 ♀♀; Málaga, Marbella; 14 May 1959; J. v. d. Vecht leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Málaga, Sierra Bermeja; 15 May 1959; J. v. d. Vecht leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Mallorca, Soller; 1957; N. Briedé leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mallorca, Tramuntana, Galilea; 22 May 2012; D.W. Baldock leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Murcia, Sierra de Españula; 11 May 2003; J. Halada leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; N of Figueres; 2 May 2003; M. Snižek leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Ronda env.; 26 Feb. 2015; P. Kylies leg.; TJWC (illustrated Figs 93, 95, 97, 99) • 1 ♀; Ronda; 800 m a.s.l.; 23 Mar. 1986; C. v. Achterberg leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Sierra Filabres Albanchez; 23 Apr. 2003; J. Halada leg.; OÖLM. Material examined (Andrena angustior) BELGIUM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mons; 29Apr.–12 May 2019; W. Fiordaliso leg. • 1 ♀; Tromp, Stropersbos; 6 May 2020; Wood leg.; TJWC. FRANCE • 1 ♀; Bertry; 13 May 2019; A. Cozzani leg. • 1 ♀; Haute Pyr., 5 km N of Col de Pourtalet; 1700 m a.s.l.; 11 Jun. 1983; J.P. Duffels leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Landrecies; 13 May 2019; A. Cozzani leg. • 1 ♀; Le Plessis sur Autheuil; 29 Apr. 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Ligny-en-cambrésis; 23 May 2019; C. Pellet leg. • 1 ♀; Pyr. Or., Eyne; 1600 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 1997; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Quineville, Manche; 1 Jun. 2006; D.W. Baldock leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Versigny, Les communaux; 10 May 2018; D. Top leg. GERMANY • 1 ♀; Osterwald; 25 May 1926; J.D. Alfken leg.; ZMHB • 1 ♀; Sababurg; 30 May 1936; J.D. Alfken leg.; ZMHB. PORTUGAL • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Branca; 11 Mar.–2 Apr. 2019; H. Gaspar leg. • 1 ♀; Confurco, Várzea Cova; 14 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; 1 km south of Paradela, M308–4; 12 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Pedraído, Fafe; 14 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC (illustrated Figs 88, 90, 92) • 1 ♀; Serra do Gerês, 5 km W of Paradela; 12 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC. SPAIN • 1 ♀; Ávila, Hoyos del Espino; 1400 m a.s.l.; 20 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Ávila, Sierra de Gredos, La Plataforma; 1700 m a.s.l.; 19 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Ávila, Sierra de Gredos Puerto del Pico; 2 Jul. 1988; M. Schwarz leg.; MSC • 1 ♀; Benasque; 15 Jun. 1983; J.P. Duffels leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Burgos, Hornilloyuso; 24 Jun. 1984; R. Leys leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Burguete; 4 Jun. 1987; E.A.M. Speijer leg.; NMNL • 2 ♀♀; Cáceres, Cuacos de Yuste; 500 m a.s.l.; 3 May 1996; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 3 ♀♀; Cáceres, Piornal; 1050 m a.s.l.; 13 May 1999; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Cantabria, Argüébanes; 6 Jun. 2019; I. Cross leg.; ICC • 1 ♀; Cantabria, Picos de Europa, Camaleno; 600 m a.s.l.; 14 Jun. 2013; D.W. Baldock leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Cantabria, Picos de Europa, Camaleno; 600 m a.s.l.; 5 May 2014; D.W. Baldock leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Huesca, El Portalet; 1800 m a.s.l.; 2 Jun. 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Oviedo, Cudillero; 26 May 2019; W. Klein leg. • 6 ♂♂; Oviedo, picos de Europa, Lago de la Ercina; 19 Apr. 1984; R. Leys leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Santander, Barcenaciones; 17 Apr. 1984; R. Leys leg.; NMNL • 2 ♀♀; Santander, Golbardo; 20 Apr. 1984; R. Leys leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Soria, Puerto de Santa Ines; 1 May 1999; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 94, 96, 98, 100). UNITED KINGDOM • 1 ♀; Angmering, Hammerpot; 26 May 2015; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Farnham Heath RSPB; 24 May 2016; Wood leg.; TJWC • 2 ♀♀; Goudhurst; 21 Apr. 2019; L. Hutchinson leg. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Petworth; 2 Jun. 2014; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♂; Devon, Dartmoor; 6 May 1935; T.F. Perkins leg.; ZMHB. Material examined (Andrena fulvata) AUSTRIA • 1 ♀; Fürberg, Wolfgangsee; 16 Apr. 1946; ZMHB. BELGIUM • 1 ♂; Estinnes-Au-Mont, Les Trieux; 24 Mar. 2019; J. Dewaele leg. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Gradiska, Turjak; 7–9 Apr. 2019; Mitrovic and Golubovic leg.; ULB. BULGARIA • 1 ♂; Šípka mont [Shipka]; 12 May 1994; K. Deneš leg.; OÖLM. CROATIA • 1 ♂; Zagreb; 22 Apr. 1897; ZMHB. FRANCE • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Belval-Bois-des-Dames, Domaine de Belval; 22 Mar.–21 Apr. 2019; C. Amy leg. • 1 ♀; Desvres; 15 May 2018; R. Vandeweghe leg. • 1 ♀; Eclusier-Vaux, Marais de Vaux; 5 Mar.– 1 Apr. 2019; D. Adam leg. • 11 ♀♀; Elincourt-Sainte-Marguerite; 18 May–7 Jun. 2018; B. Piallat and C. Bocaux leg. • 1 ♀; Fresnoy-la-Rivière, Les petits Monts; 6 Apr. 2018; D. Top leg. • 1 ♀; Raismes, forêt de Saint-Amand; 13 Jun. 2005; J.-L. Vago leg. • 1 ♀; Xouaxange; 20 May 2019; C. Brelot and C. Filet leg. • 1 ♂; Ruy; 17 Mar. 2020; C. Triquet leg. GERMANY • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Kaiserstuhl, Achkarren; 29 Mar.–20 Apr. 1937; S.G. Bischoff leg.; ZMHB • 1 ♀; Kaiserstuhl, Büchsenberg; 1 Apr. 1937; S.G. Bischoff leg.; ZMHB • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Kaiserstuhl, Liliental; 19–24 Apr. 1937; S.G. Bischoff leg.; ZMHB • 1 ♀; Kaiserstuhl, Vogtsburg; 20–21 May 1933; S.G. Bischoff leg.; ZMHB • 5 ♂♂; Kehl am Rh. [Rhine]; 1–5 Apr. 1937; L. Battes leg.; ZMHB. ITALY • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bologna, Parco di Villa Ghigi; 9–16 Apr. 2017; G. Ghisbain leg.; TJWC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lazio, Acquapendente; 26 May 1991; J. Gusenleitner leg.; TJWC. SLOVENIA • 1 ♀; Styr, Podčetrtek; 28 Apr. 1932; Jaeger leg.; ZMHB • 1 ♀; Orechek [Orehek]; 28 May 2005; Egger leg.; OÖLM. SWITZERLAND • 1 ♀; Weiach, Kiesgrube Rüteren; 10 Jun. 2014; A. Müller leg.; ETHZ • 1 ♂; Savièse; 14 May 2013; S. Gerber leg.; ETHZ • 1 ♀; Haldenstein; 13 May 2005; M. Hermann leg.; ETHZ • 1 ♀; Bern, Kirchenfeld; 2 May 1920; T. Steck-Hofmann leg.; NMB • 1 ♂; Seedorf, Reussdelta, Auenwald; 20 Apr. 1999; L. Reser-Rezbanyai leg.; NMLU • 1 ♂; Meride, S. Antonio; 18 Apr. 1998; L. Reser- Rezbanyai leg.; NMLU. Material not directly examined (Andrena fulvata) AUSTRIA • 1 ♀; Oberösterreich, Kremsmünster; 6 May 1972; J. Gusenleitner leg.; Zobodat • 1 ♀; Oberösterreich, Losenstein a.d. Enns; 25 Mar. 1979; K. Kremslehner leg.; Zobodat • 1 ♂; Oberösterreich, Magdalenaberg SE of Pettenbach; 16 May 1979; J. Gusenleitner leg.; Zobodat. NETHERLANDS • 1 ♂; Limburg, Eys - Bronnen en Bronbos; 14 Apr. 2018; I. Raemakers leg.; Waarneming. nl • 1 ♀; Limburg, Savelsbos; 2 Apr. 2017; I. Raemakers leg.; Waarneming. nl. ROMANIA • Băile Herculane • Bocsa Montana • Mehadia • Timisoara, all B. Tomozii pers. comm. Remarks Though placed in the subgenus Ptilandrena by Warncke (1967), the use of this subgenus should be restricted to the Nearctic (Pisanty et al. 2021). Therefore, A. impressa stat. nov. and related species are found within the Euandrena (see also Praz et al. 2019). Andrena angustior was originally described from England, and can rapidly be identified in the female sex by the combination of a central, longitudinal impression on the clypeus with the wide, depressed and shiny margins of the terga. In the male, in addition to the tergal sculpturing, the gena is enlarged and the mandibles are elongated in a manner similar to Andrena subgenus Andrena but without the presence of basal mandibular teeth. Andrena fulvata Stoeckhert, 1930 was later described from southern Germany. The two species are similar, but A. fulvata lacks the shiny depressed tergal margins, these are instead only weakly depressed, shagreened, and matt. Warncke considered A. fulvata to be a subspecies of A. angustior, and described A. a. impressa from Morocco, Portugal, and Spain, arguing that the variation across this geographic gradient merited a broad species concept (Warncke 1967). This form can easily be separated from A. angustior s. str. in the female sex by the structure of the terga which are weakly depressed, shagreened, only weakly shining, and also by the colouration of the hairs flanking the pygidial plate which are black (compare Figs 91– 92), and the bee has an overall darker appearance (compare Figs 87–90). Males can be separated by the same differences in tergal structure (Figs 97–98) and overall darker pubescence, particularly on the head (Figs 93–96). The most obvious difference can be seen in the antennal ratios. In A. impressa, A4 is only slightly shorter than A3 (Fig. 99), whereas in A. angustior A4 is less than half the length of A3 (Fig. 100). Subsequent authors have not followed Warncke’s viewpoint, treating A. angustior and A. fulvata as good species (see Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002; Nieto et al. 2014). These two taxa show different climatic affinities. For example, in Germany, A. angustior is present in the north, reaching as far south as Rhineland-Palatinate but not extending into Baden-Württemberg (Westrich 1989). To the east, the more northwestern A. angustior is completely replaced by the more continental A. fulvata. However, to date, the status of A. a. impressa has not been assessed, with the default position of Warncke being that A. angustior s. str. was absent from Iberia (Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002; Ortiz-Sánchez 2011). Specimens collected from northern Portugal showed that both A. angustior and A. a. impressa were present in sympatry, with the two specimens barcoded here collected just 6 km apart. Molecular data strongly supports the species status of Andrena impressa stat. nov., as the Portuguese A. angustior sequence closely matched sequences from northern European populations, and the phylogeny suggests that A. impressa is more strongly differentiated than A. angustior and A. fulvata are from each other (Fig. 2). Though the molecular phylogeny suggests that A. impressa is more distantly related to A. angustior + A. fulvata than A. allosa + A. amieti, support for this placement is weak, and based on the morphology of the male head we consider A. angustior + A. fulvata + A. impressa to form a trio of related but distinct species. The diet of A. angustior in Britain was documented by Wood & Roberts (2017). Five additional analysed pollen loads from northwestern Iberia contained Caryophyllaceae Juss. (48.8%, Arenaria L.), Ericaceae Juss. (15.8%, Erica L.), Asparagaceae Juss. (10.5%, Scilla L.), Crassulaceae J.St.Hil. (8.4%, Sedum L.), Cistaceae Juss. (6.3%, Cistus L.), Brassicaceae Burnett (5.7%, Raphanus - type), Rosaceae Juss. (3.2%, Potentilla L.), and Ranunculaceae Juss. (1.3%, Ranunculus L.). The western distribution, the latespring flight period at the end of April into May, and these dietary preferences support the position that A. angustior is a species of Atlantic woodland edges, utilising spring flowering herbs and shrubs but interestingly not the trees themselves. Fewer data are available for Andrena impressa; the two analysed pollen loads contained Cistaceae (50.3%, Cistus), Scrophulariaceae Juss. (42.9%, Scrophularia L.), and Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl (6.9%, Anthemis - type). Given its distribution, a diet more focused on Mediterranean herbs and shrubs is expected, but more study is required. Distribution The distribution map of Warncke (see Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002) is broadly correct in the northern distribution of A. angustior, the continental distribution of A. fulvata, and the West Mediterranean distribution of A. impressa (France, Spain, Portugal, Algeria, Morocco), but incorrect in the omission of true A. angustior from cooler parts of Iberia (Fig. 84). This distribution indicates that A. angustior is not simply a northern species but rather one with an Atlantic affinity. Though we did not examine material from this region as part of this study, A. angustior is likely to be present in cooler parts of western France, joining the two distributions together. Warncke’s map also does not capture the sympatric presence of A. angustior and A. fulvata populations in northern Europe as this is a more recent and ongoing phenomenon, with A. fulvata a recent colonist of Belgium for example (compare Patiny & Terzo 2010; Drossart et al. 2019). The lack of recognition of true A. angustior from the mountains of Iberia is strange, as Warncke (1967) made reference to males from the Pyrenees with shiny tergal margins, but he seemed to consider these intermediate between A. angustior and A. impressa stat. nov.., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 178-185, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Warncke K. 1967. Beitrag zur Klarung palaarktischer Andrena - Arten. Eos 43: 171 - 318.","Pisanty G., Richter R., Martin T., Dettman J. & Cardinal S. 2021. Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and revised classification of andrenine bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, in press. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107151","Praz C., Muller A. & Genoud D. 2019. Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / alpento. 3.29675","Gusenleitner F. & Schwarz M. 2002. Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen zu palaarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna Supplement 10: 1 - 1280.","Nieto A., Roberts S. P. M., Kemp J., Rasmont P., Kuhlmann M., Garcia Criado M., Biesmeijer J. C., Bogusch P., Dathe H. H., De la Rua P., De Meulemeester T., Dehon M., Dewulf A., Ortiz-Sanchez F. J., Lhomme P., Pauly A., Potts S. G., Praz C., Quaranta M., Radchenko V. G., Scheuchl E., Smit J., Straka J., Terzo M., Tomozii B., Window J. & Michez D. 2014. European Red List of Bees. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.","Westrich P. 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wurttembergs. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.","Ortiz-Sanchez F. J. 2011. Lista actualizada de las especies de abejas de Espana (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 49: 265 - 281.","Wood T. J. & Roberts S. P. M. 2017. An assessment of historical and contemporary diet breadth in polylectic Andrena bee species. Biological Conservation 215: 72 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2017.09.009","Patiny S. & Terzo M. 2010. Catalogue et cle des sous-genres et especes du genre Andrena de Belgique et du nord de la France (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Universite de Mons, Mons.","Drossart M., Rasmont P., Vanormelingen P., Dufrene M., Folschweiller M., Pauly A., Vereecken N., Vray S., Zambra E., D'Haeseleer J. & Michez D. 2019. Belgian Red List of Bees. Belgian Science Policy 2018 (BRAIN-be - (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks). Presse universitaire de l'Universite de Mons, Mons."]}

Andrena (Taeniandrena) levante Wood & Praz sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6B3F3AE1-AD7B-4A22-A351-04E8B4A6E911 Figs 3, 10, 12–19 Diagnosis Females of Andrena levante Wood & Praz sp. nov. are close to those of A. gelriae, with hair bands that are not as dense, as wide, or as complete as in A. gredana stat. nov. (Figs 7, 15). The clearest difference can be seen on the scutum which is strongly and densely shagreened and dull (Fig. 14), with dense punctures that are almost contiguous (except posteriorly), giving the overall surface a duller appearance than in either A. gelriae or A. gredana (Fig. 6) that have sparser punctation. The pubescence of the scutum and scutellum is also denser, shorter, and thicker than either comparison species (Figs 4, 12). As for other similar species of Taeniandrena, male identification is much easier. Males can be recognised as part of the group with A3 equal to or slightly shorter than A4 (A3 1–1.03 times as long as A4). The genitalia are distinctive, with the gonocoxa diverging from close to their base (without their inner margins parallel for at least 50% of their length), the penis valve uniformly wide (not constricted medially), and with the blades of the gonostyli comparatively short, apically as wide as long (Fig. 10). Andrena levante sp. nov. differs from A. gelriae vocifera in numerous morphological features; this taxon will be characterised elsewhere (Praz & Wood, in prep.). Etymology The term ‘ El Levante ’ is the Spanish name for the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula that constitutes the majority of the known range of this species (Almería, Granada, Málaga, Murcia, Valencia). Material examined Holotype SPAIN • ♂; 80 km SW of Valencia, Muela de Cortes reserve; [39.219° N, 0.957° W]; 14 May 2003; J. Halada leg.; BOLD accession number: HYMAA245-21; OÖLM (illustrated Figs 10, 16–19). Paratypes SPAIN • 4 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀; Murcia, Sierra de Españula; 14 May 2003; J. Halada leg.; OÖLM • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; TJWC (illustrated Figs 12–15) • 2 ♂♂; Málaga, between Mijas and Benalmadena; 16 Apr. 1983; NMNL • 1 ♂; Almería, E-Sierra Nevada, near Alboloduy; 6–7 May 2003; J. Halada leg.; CPC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Murcia, 25 km SW of Cartagena; 12 May 2003; J. Halada leg.; OÖLM • 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Valencia, 80 km SW of Valencia, Muela de Cortes reserve; 14 May 2003; J. Halada leg.; OÖLM • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; TJWC • 1 ♀; Granada, Maitena, 9 km E of Granada; 1400 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun. 1970; M.J. and J.P. Duffels leg.; NMNL. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 11–12 mm (Fig. 12). HEAD. 1.3 times as wide as long (Fig. 13). Clypeus dark, flattened over most of its area, densely and uniformly punctate with exception of raised central impunctate line, punctures separated by MESOSOMA. Scutum densely punctate, punctures separated by METASOMA. Terga dark, finely shagreened and weakly shining, apical part of marginal areas lightened semi-translucent brown (Fig. 15). T1 very finely and subtly punctured, punctures on disc scarcely visible against shagreenation, those on margin more visible, separated by 1 puncture diameter. T2–4 more densely and visibly punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters. Terga with whitish hairbands, on T1 represented by two very widely separated spots (separated by almost entire width of tergal margin), T2 widely interrupted, T3+4 complete. Remaining tergal surface covered with short, fine brown to ferruginous hairs visible when viewed obliquely or in profile. Terminal fringe of T5 and hairs flanking pygidial plate golden, pygidial plate rounded, flat, without raised margin. Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 10–11 mm (Fig. 16). HEAD. 1.3 times as wide as long (Fig. 17). Clypeus flattened and densely punctate, punctures separated by MESOSOMA. Scutum, scutellum, episternum, and propodeum structurally as in female (Fig. 18). Scutum and scutellum with fine light brown to golden hairs that equal length of scape, becoming light brown to whitish on propodeum and episternum. Legs dark, apical tarsal segments lightened dark red, pubescence whitish to light brownish. Wings hyaline, venation dark orange, nervulus slightly postfurcal. METASOMA. Terga dark, finely shagreened and weakly shining, apical part of marginal areas lightened semi-translucent brown (Fig. 19). Terga finely but clearly punctate, puncture separated by 0.5– 1 puncture diameter. T2–5 with hairbands, on T2 medially interrupted, complete on T3–5. S8 strap-like, slightly broadened apically, uniformly hairy. Genitalia elongated oval-shaped in dorsal view, gonocoxa with inner margins clearly diverging, not parallel, forming 90° angles apically (Fig. 10). Penis valve moderately broad, basally parallel sided before tapering apically. Gonostyli comparatively short, apical blades as wide as long. Distribution Areas broadly near the coast in southeastern Spain, from Málaga to Valencia (Fig. 3). All sites are mountainous (Sierra de Mijas, Sierra Nevada, Sierra de Españula, Muela de Cortes, Sierra de la Muela, Cabo Tiñoso y Roldán).

Andrena (Notandrena) juliana Wood sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D61A664D-0821-4470-8807-6CC3C7B93E9F Figs 70–72, 74, 76, 78–83 Diagnosis This taxon can be placed in the subgenus Notandrena in the female sex because of its broad head (clearly broader than wide), the weakly rugose (not shagreened) propodeal triangle, the clearly punctured metasoma, and by the dorsolateral angle of the pronotum with a weak transverse ridge. In the male sex, recognition is easy because of the greatly enlarged and carinate gena in combination with the broadened apex of the gonostyli. Eight species of the subgenus Notandrena are known from Iberia (Wood et al. 2020). Female Andrena juliana Wood sp. nov. can be recognised in the group of A. nitidiuscula Schenck, 1853 because of its small size (7–8 mm, excluding A. erythrocnemis Morawitz, 1870, A. langadensis Warncke, 1965, and A. urdula Warncke, 1965 which average 11–12 mm in length) and dark hind tibiae (orange in A. chrysosceles (Kirby, 1802)). Within this group, it lacks the distinctive shortened dorsal scopal hairs of A. pallitarsis Pérez, 1903, the gena and vertex are normal (vertex clearly less than the diameter of a lateral ocelli, clearly greater than this distance in A. foeniculae Wood, 2020), and there is no deeply impressed line on the front half of the scutum (clearly impressed in A. nitidiuscula). In an Iberian context, it is therefore closest to A. fulvicornis Schenck, 1853 (alternative character state in parentheses), but differs in the sparser punctures on T1, separated by 2–3 puncture diameters (separated by one puncture diameter, Fig. 77), by the shinier scutellum (scutellum shagreened and clearly dull, Fig. 73), and by the hind tibiae which are dark (orange). Outside of Iberia, A. juliana Wood sp. nov. is also close to A. curvana Warncke, 1965 which is distributed from southern Germany southwards and eastwards to Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, and the European part of Turkey (Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002; Schwenninger 2013). It can be separated by the sculpturing of the clypeus which is shiny centrally (centrally shagreened) and by the sculpturing of the scutellum which is shiny (strongly shagreened and dull). Males can be quickly recognised by their yellow clypeus in combination with their small size (7 mm), a character that is also found in A. chrysosceles and A. pallitarsis (A. erythrocnemis, A. langadensis, and A. urdula with the clypeus yellow marked, but larger, averaging 10 mm). In both these species, the yellow markings cover the entire clypeus and extend onto the lower paraocular areas, whereas in A. juliana sp. nov. this marking is restricted to the centre of the clypeus. The gena is noticeably more carinate, and as in the female the scutum is also noticeably shinier. The genitalia conform to the typical shape found in members of the nitidiuscula group (Fig. 83; see illustrations in Schmid-Egger & Scheuchl 1997; Schwenninger 2013). As for other members of this group, the gonocoxa are weakly shagreened in a similar fashion to that found in the Zonandrena Hedicke, 1933. However, the outer margin of the gonostyli is almost straight, whereas there is a clearer obtuse angle here in A. chrysosceles, A. pallitarsis, and A. fulvicornis (see illustrations in Schmid-Egger & Scheuchl 1997; Schwenninger 2013). As in the female sex, the male is also similar to the eastern A. curvana. However, apart from the yellow clypeus (black in A. curvana), the genitalia are different, with less pronounced gonocoxal teeth, and lacking the pronounced impressed channel in the basal section of the gonostyli (see illustration of this character in Schwenninger 2013). Etymology The name is taken from the locus typicus, San Julián. Material examined Holotype SPAIN • ♀; Málaga, San Julián 8 km SW of Málaga; [36.666° N, 4.476° W]; 25 May 1962; Jeekel & Wiering leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 70–72, 74, 76). Paratype PORTUGAL • 1 ♂; Algarve, Gambello [Gambelas]; 5 Mar. 1986; H. Teunissen leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 78–83). Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 8.5 mm (Fig. 70). HEAD. Dark, broad, 1.4 times as wide as long (Fig. 71). Clypeus domed, laterally and dorsally shagreened and densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters, centrally shiny and less densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5–1.5 puncture diameters, weakly-marked impunctate line present. Process of labrum small, rectangular, front margin very weakly emarginate. Gena as wide as compound eye, gena, vertex, and face with whitish hairs, these not exceeding length of scape. Antennae dark, A5– 12 lightened orange below, A3 equalling A4+5, both A4 and A5 clearly broader than long. Facial fovea neither wide nor narrow, occupying half space between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Ocelloccipital distance short, less than half diameter of lateral ocellus. MESOSOMA. Scutum weakly shagreened, gently shining, densely but shallowly punctured, punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameter centrally (Fig. 72). Scutum in fore half with barely impressed mid line. Scutellum more clearly shiny, punctures dense only at margin and forming a central longitudinal line, otherwise sparse and separated by 3–4 puncture diameters. Episternum and propodeum finely reticulate, dull, propodeal triangle barely indicated by very fine carina, internal structure essentially unchanged. Scutum and scutellum with short whitish pubescence through which longer hairs protrude, these approaching length of scape. Episternum and propodeum with longer whitish hairs, longest equalling length of scape. Legs dark, apical tarsal segments and apex of basitarsi coloured orange, this extending slightly onto apex of hind tibiae. Wings hyaline, venation orange, nervulus interstitial. METASOMA. Terga dark, apical margins lightened yellow-brown, underlying surface weakly shagreened, shining (Fig. 74). T1 sparsely and finely punctate on disc, punctures separated by 2–4 puncture diameters (Fig. 76), strongly contrasting with following terga, T2–4 densely punctate on discs, punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameter. Marginal areas of T1–4 less densely punctate, punctures separated by 1–2 puncture diameters. T2–4 with fringes of white hair, interrupted on T2–3, complete on T4. T5 and hairs flanking pygidial plate light brown, pygidial plate smooth, apically rounded, weakly shining. Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 7 mm (Fig. 78). HEAD. Dark, broad, 1.3 times as wide as long (Fig. 79). Clypeus yellow over majority of disc, all marginal areas black with two lateral triangular black marks. Underlying surface weakly shagreened, shining, centrally sparsely punctate, punctures separated by 2 puncture diameters, marginal areas densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameter. Apical part of clypeus extended and upturned, process of labrum trapezoidal, apical margin upturned forming rounded ridge, apex emarginate. Gena exceeding width of compound eye, weakly carinate (Fig. 80). Gena, vertex, face, and scape with long brownish-white hairs, not exceeding length of scape. Antennae dark, A4–13 lightened orange below, A3 exceeding A4 but shorter than A4+5. MESOSOMA. Scutum and scutellum laterally shagreened and dull, centrally shining, sparsely punctate, punctures separated by 2–3 puncture diameters (Fig. 81). Episternum, propodeum, and vestiture as in female. Legs dark, apical tarsal segments lightened orange. Wings as in female. METASOMA. Terga dark, apical margins lightened brown, underlying surface very weakly shagreened, shining (Fig. 82). T1 almost impunctate, T2–4 with sparse and inconspicuous punctures, separated by 1–2 puncture diameters. S8 short, apically slightly broadened and rounded, basally with short and thick golden bristles that project laterally. Genitalia simple, gonocoxa with faint shagreenation, apical corners rounded, diverging (Fig. 83). Penis valve triangular, strongly narrowed apically. Gonostyli with straight external margin, weakly pointed apically, with slightly raised internal margin. Remarks Using the key to Iberian Notandrena of Wood et al. (2020), females of A. juliana Wood sp. nov. key to couplet seven which separates A. fulvicornis and A. nitidiuscula. It can be separated from A. nitidiuscula by the absence of an impressed longitudinal line on the front half of the scutum, and from A. fulvicornis by the less dense punctures of T1 and the shinier scutellum. No male key was produced because the male of A. foeniculae is unknown, but males of A. juliana sp. nov. should be identifiable by the combination of their genital structure and yellow clypeus.Additionally, A. foeniculae flies in August and September, and so based on the limited number of specimens collected to date, both taxa are unlikely to fly together at the same time. The similar species A. curvana and A. fulvicornis are bivoltine and fly in both the spring and the summer. Since A. juliana sp. nov. is known only from spring material, further study is needed to clarify its full period of activity. Distribution Southern Spain (Málaga) and southern Portugal (Algarve). Both localities are very close to the coast, adjacent to estuaries, specifically those of the Guadalhorce (San Julián) and Ribeira de São Lourenço (Gambelas). This habitat type should be searched during the spring, as it may contain habitat elements or flowering plants that are important for the ecology of A. juliana Wood sp. nov.

Andrena (Taeniandrena) benoisti Wood & Praz sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7B5423C4-E358-4C5D-8C92-6A6074033347 Figs 3, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 Diagnosis Andrena benoisti Wood & Praz sp. nov. can be recognised within the subgenus Taeniandrena by the combination of dense punctures on the base of T2, strong punctures on the disc of T1 (very similar to A. wilkella), thick hairbands that are only narrowly interrupted on T2 and complete on T3+4 (Fig. 26, thin and widely interrupted on T2+ 3 in A. wilkella), and the sculpturing of the scutum, which is shagreened except for the centre where it has a circular shining area that strongly contrasts with the remaining surface which is dull (Fig. 24). The males can be recognised by the ratio of the antennal segments where A3 is clearly shorter than A 4 in length (Fig. 30), the terga are strongly and densely punctate, the tergal margins are depressed with a thin, shiny, puncture-free apical zone, and T2–4 have thick hairbands, medially interrupted on T2, complete on T3+4 (Fig. 32). They are therefore closest to A. wilkella, but the thicker and more complete hair bands in combination with its larger body size (10–11 mm against 8–9 mm) allows for differentiation. Genetically, A. benoisti sp. nov. is placed as the sister of A. wilkella, a position that is corroborated by their morphological similarity. Etymology Named after Raymond Benoist, the French botanist and entomologist who described Andrena beaumonti stat. rev. from Morocco, this name being incorrectly applied at the subspecific level to the taxon we describe here. Material examined Holotype PORTUGAL • ♀; Minho, Confurco, Várzea Cova; 41.4978° N, 8.0765° W; 14 May 2019; Wood leg.; BOLD accession number: HYMAA239-21; OÖLM (illustrated Figs 20, 22, 24, 26). Paratypes PORTUGAL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Minho, Ruivães, N103; 12 May 2019; Wood leg.; OÖLM • 1 ♂; Minho, 1.5 km E of Lindoso; 13 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♂; Minho, Serra do Gerês, 5 km W of Paradela; 12 May 2019; Wood leg.; OÖLM (illustrated Figs 28, 30, 32, 34) • 1 ♀; Trás-os-Montes, Curalha, A24 and N103 intersection; 16 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Trás-os-Montes, Chaves, Estr. Braga, Rio Tâmega; 16 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC. SPAIN • 1 ♂; Cáceres, W of Garganta la Olla; 1000 m a.s.l.; 9 May 1999; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 4 ♂♂; Cáceres, Piornal; 1050 m a.s.l.; 13 May 1999; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Cáceres, Madrigal de la Vera; 500 m a.s.l.; 9 May 1999; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 3 ♂♂; Ávila, Sierra de Gredos, La Plataforma; 1700 m a.s.l.; 19 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Ávila, Navarredonda de la Sierra en Pico de Almanzor; 1400–1600 m a.s.l.; 5 Jun. 1976; P. Oosterbroek leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Ávila, Sierra de Gredos Puerto del Pico; 2 Jul. 1988; M. Schwarz leg. • 2 ♂♂; Ávila, 2 km E of Hoyos Del Espino; 22 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 11 ♂♂; Ávila, Hoyos del Espino; 1400 m a.s.l.; 18–22 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Gredos, Hoyos de Collado; 6 Jun. 1983; H. Teunissen leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Ávila, 6 km E of Parador del Gredos; 1 Jun. 1976; P. Oosterbroek leg.; NMNL. Other material (unspecified, listed as Andrena wilkella beaumonti by Warncke 1976) PORTUGAL • Coimbra, Pinhal de Marrocos; Ponte da Portella. SPAIN • Parador Nacional de Gredos; Zamora, Alcubilla de Nogales; Cáceres, Banos do Montemayor; Cáceres Tornavacas; Madrid, Cercedilla; Madrid, Ciempozuelos; Madrid, El Chaparral; Madrid, El Escorial; Madrid, El Paular; Madrid, Sierra de Guadarrama; Madrid, Vaciamadrid. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 11–12 mm (Fig. 20). HEAD. 1.3 times as wide as long (Fig. 22). Clypeus flattened, densely but shallowly and weakly punctured, punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters, faint impunctate line visible centrally, underlying surface shagreened, dull, slightly shining apically. Lower face and gena with whitish hairs, becoming light brown to golden on scape, upper face, and vertex, hairs not exceeding length of scape. Antennae dark, A5–12 slightly lightened grey below. Foveae broad, occupying almost all area between lateral ocellus and top of compound eye, filled with short brown hairs. MESOSOMA. Scutum densely punctured over most of surface, underlying surface dull, punctures separated by 1 puncture diameter except becoming sparser centrally and posteriorly forming circular shape, here punctures separated by 2 puncture diameters, underling surface weakly shagreened, shining, contrasting remaining surface (Fig. 24). Scutellum shiny, densely punctate centrally, separated by 0.5 puncture diameters, punctures sparser laterally. Episternum with slightly raised reticulation, underlying surface dull, reticulation reaches lateral faces of propodeum but weakly, disappearing before propodeal triangle, this marked by change in surface sculpturing, internal surface with fine, sparse, and slightly raised reticulation. Scutum and scutellum with short, orange-brown, semi-squamiform hairs, episternum with longer light brownish to white hairs, becoming orange-brown on propodeum. Legs dark, hind basitarsi fully and hind tibiae partially orange, general pubescence light brown. Flocculus and femoral scopa whitish, tibial scopa golden. Wings hyaline, venation and stigma golden, nervulus postfurcal. METASOMA. Terga dark, apical part of marginal areas lightened semi-translucent brown (Fig. 26). T1 with clear punctures on disc, separated by 0.5 puncture diameters, extending to tergal margin, becoming sparser, separated by 1–1.5 puncture diameters. T2–4 densely and uniformly punctate, punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameters. T1 with very widely separated hair patches on margin, T2–4 with thick hair bands, on T2 interrupted, on T3+4 complete. Terminal fringe of T5 and hairs flanking pygidial plate golden, pygidial plate rounded with slightly raised longitudinal area centrally. Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 10–11 mm (Fig. 28). HEAD. 1.3 times as wide as long. Clypeus flattened, densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters with exception of clear longitudinal impunctate line, underlying surface shiny. Gena, face, vertex, and scape with long whitish to light brownish hairs, equalling or exceeding scape in length. Antennae dark, A3 1.3 times as long as A4 (Fig. 30). MESOSOMA. Scutum, scutellum, episternum, and propodeum structurally as in female, though propodeal reticulation a little more extensive.All parts of mesosoma with long light brown to golden hairs, equalling or exceeding scape in length. Legs dark, Hind tibiae entirely and hind tarsi apically coloured dark orange, pubescence whitish to light brown. Wings hyaline, venation dark orange, nervulus postfurcal. METASOMA. Terga dark, apical margins slightly depressed, apical part of marginal areas lightened semitranslucent brown (Fig. 32). T1–5 with discs increasing densely punctate, on T1 punctures separated by 1 puncture diameter, almost contiguous on T5, underlying surface shagreened, weakly shining. Tergal discs with loose light to dark brown hairs, T2–4 with thick hair bands, on T2 widely interrupted, on T3+4 complete. S8 broadened apically, densely and uniformly hairy. Genitalia simple, gonocoxa with inner margins parallel, only slightly deviating apically, apical corners rounded (Fig. 34). Penis valve moderately broad, parallel sided basally before strongly tapering apically, gonostyli with broad bases, apical blades clearly longer than wide. Distribution From the Sistema Central around Madrid westwards through the Sierra de Gredos into central Portugal, and north into northern Portugal, Galicia, and Zamora (Fig. 3). Both A. benoisti sp. nov. and A. gredana stat. nov. show a remarkably similar distribution and occurring at many of the same localities (see also Warncke 1976), particularly in the Sistema Central from which true A. wilkella seems to be absent., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 162-164, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Warncke K. 1976. Die Bienengattung Andrena F., 1775, in Iberien (Hym. Apidae). Teil B. Eos 50: 119 - 223."]}

Andrena (incertae sedis) laurivora Warncke, 1974 Figs 101���108 Material examined Holotype MOROCCO ��� 1 ♂; Marraquesh; Mar. 1907; Escalera leg.; O��LM (illustrated Fig. 86). Paratype MOROCCO ��� 1 ♀; Marraquesh; Mar. 1907; Escalera leg.; O��LM. Other material MOROCCO ��� 1 ♀; Massa-Tiznit; 26 Mar. 1988; V. Lefeber leg.; NMNL ��� 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tamri, 70 km N of Agadir; 8 May 1995; Ma. Halada leg.; MSC ��� 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; O��LM (illustrated Figs 106, 108) ��� 1 ♀; 20 km W of Boudnib; 9 Apr. 1995; Ma. Halada leg.; O��LM (illustrated Figs 102, 104). SPAIN ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sevilla, Los Pinares de Aznalcazar; 13 Mar. 2012; I. Cross leg.; ICC (illustrated Figs 105, 107) ��� 2 ♀♀; Huelva, Hinojos; 15 Mar. 2012; I. Cross leg.; Reseda phyteuma; ICC ��� 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; TJWC (illustrated Figs 101, 103). Remarks Material from southwestern Spain closely resembles Moroccan specimens, but are generally less hirsute, particularly in the single male Spanish specimen, although this may be simply due to the condition of the individual specimen (Figs 101���108). Structurally, there are no clear differences, and so they are considered to be conspecific. The pronouncedly Atlantic distribution of Morocco and southwestern Iberia is not unprecedented in bees, as the extremely rare Lasioglossum musculoides Ebmer, 1974 has a global distribution of the Souss Valley in southwestern Morocco and southwestern Portugal (Pauly 2015). Coastal areas of Huelva and Sevilla continue to produce records of range-restricted species thought to be endemic elsewhere, such as Flavipanurgus fuzetus Patiny, 1999 which was discovered there in 2018 (Cross & Wood 2018). Pollen loads taken from three specimens at a single Moroccan locality contained pure Reseda - type (Resedaceae Martinov) pollen (Table 2), so the floral observation data from Spain is consistent with this picture. Comparisons with other species are complicated because the former subgenus Poliandrena Warncke, 1968 in which it was placed (Warncke 1974) has been found to be strongly polyphyletic, and Poliandrena in a strict sense is now a synonym of the subgenus Ulandrena Warncke, 1968 (Pisanty et al. 2021). Excluding A. polita Smith, 1847 (now subgenus Ulandrena) and A. florea Fabricius, 1793 (the placement of this species necessitates the erection of a new subgenus) which clearly belong elsewhere (Pisanty et al. 2021), other members of the old concept of Poliandrena that can be found in Spain for which pollen data are available are predominantly associated with Reseda L., with the exception of A. farinosa P��rez, 1895 which is likely a specialist of Fabaceae (Table 2). These taxa fall into at least two clades (Pisanty et al. 2021), and so work is needed to establish their true subgeneric affinities in addition to their dietary choices. Distribution Previously thought to be endemic to Morocco, now also including Spain (Warncke 1974; Lhomme et al. 2020)., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 185-187, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Warncke K. 1974. Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Sandbienen in Nordafrika (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrena). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 50: 3 - 54.","Pauly A. 2015. Revision de deux abeilles ouest-mediterraneennes rares: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) orihuelicum (Bluthgen, 1924) et Lasioglossum (Dialictus) musculoides Ebmer, 1974 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology 29: 1 - 11.","Cross I. & Wood T. J. 2018. New data on the Iberian endemic bee genus Flavipanurgus Warncke (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae): ecological and genomic data reveal a hidden species. Zootaxa 4521: 563 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4521.4.5","Perez J. 1895. Especes nouvelles de Melliferes de Barbarie. (Diagnoses preliminaires). Gounouilhou, Bordeaux.","Warncke K. 1967. Beitrag zur Klarung palaarktischer Andrena - Arten. Eos 43: 171 - 318.","Pisanty G., Richter R., Martin T., Dettman J. & Cardinal S. 2021. Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and revised classification of andrenine bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, in press. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107151","Lhomme P., Michez D., Christmann S., Scheuchl E., El Abdouni I., Hamroud L., Ihsane O., Sentil A., Smaili M. C., Schwarz M., Dathe H. H., Straka J., Pauly A., Schmid-Egger C., Patiny S., Terzo M., Muller A., Praz C., Risch S., Kasparek M., Kuhlmann M., Wood T. J., Bogusch P., Ascher J. S. & Rasmont P. 2020. The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco. Zootaxa 4892: 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4892.1.1"]}

Andrena (Euandrena) fortipunctata Wood sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A2AD083A-AB1A-4B85-AE9D-F58DA0B653A7 Figs 36–39, 42–45 Diagnosis In the female sex, A. fortipunctata Wood sp. nov. can be placed in the subgenus Euandrena because of the narrow, comma shaped fovea, antennal A3 longer than A4+5, metasomal integument brown haired, propodeal triangle weakly wrinkled, hind femur without thorn-like projections, and dorsolateral angle of propodeum without elevated transverse carina (Praz et al. 2019). The female resembles A. bicolor Fabricius, 1775 in general colour pattern, but differs by the combination of a coarsely and densely punctate clypeus (punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters, interspaces barely visible, in A. bicolor punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameters, interspaces visible), strongly punctured tergal discs, and strongly depressed tergal margins (compare Figs 38–41). Males are harder to place through specific subgeneric characters, in common with other Euandrena males as the subgenus is largely defined by female characters (Praz et al. 2019). However, A. fortipunctata sp. nov. males are instantly recognisable in the Iberian fauna by the wide and extremely strongly depressed tergal margins (Figs 43, 45) that are strikingly more pronounced that in either A. granulosa Pérez, 1902 or A. vulpecula Kriechbaumer, 1873 (Figs 47, 49), the other two European species of A. (Euandrena) known for their distinctive depressed tergal margins. These three species also share similar facial pubescence which is centrally yellow and laterally dark (Figs 46, 48), whereas other Iberian species of Euandrena have male facial pubescence that is either predominantly grey (A. symphyti Schmiedeknecht, 1883), brown (A. rufula Schmiedeknecht, 1883), dark (A. bicolor), or a mixture of grey and black (A. allosa Warncke, 1975). Etymology The name ‘ forti ’ (‘strong’) + ‘ punctata ’ (‘punctured’) was chosen because of the pronounced punctures visible in both sexes that help separate this taxon from other Iberian Euandrena. Material examined Holotype SPAIN • ♂; Oveido-León, Puerto de Pajares; 1350–1700 m a.s.l.; [42.994° N, 5.763° W]; 11 Jul. 1972; V.S. May d. Groot and J.A.W. Lucas leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 36–39). Paratype SPAIN • 1 ♀; Ávila, Sierra de Gredos, 12 km SSW of Hoyos del Espino; 1950–2100 m a.s.l.; 4 Jul. 1972; V.S. May d. Groot and J.A.W. Lucas leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 42–45). Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 10 mm (Fig. 36). HEAD. 1.2 times as wide as long (Fig. 38). Clypeus weakly arched, very densely punctate, punctures separated by Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 10 mm (Fig. 42). HEAD. 1.2 times as wide as long (Fig. 44). Clypeus weakly arched, densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters. Gena, vertex, scape, clypeus, and face centrally with yellow hairs, lower paraocular areas to frons with black hairs. Antennae dark, A4–13 lightened brown below, A3 0.9 times as long as A4+5. MESOSOMA. Structurally as in female, entire surface with long light brown to golden hairs, exceeding scape in length. Legs dark, tarsi lightened, dark red apically, pubescence golden. Wings hyaline, venation and stigma orange, nervulus prefurcal. METASOMA. Terga dark, apical margins wide and very strongly depressed, semi-translucent brown, impunctate and shiny (Fig. 43). Tergal discs arched, strongly contrasting depressed marginal areas, strongly and densely punctate, punctures separated by 1 puncture diameter, surface covered with loose golden hairs (Fig. 45). Remarks The subgenus Euandrena is taxonomically challenging, and it is likely that we are just scratching the surface of hidden species diversity in southern European mountain chains (Praz et al. 2019). The Andrena of the Iberian alpine areas have received little recent attention, and within this context, the presence of an undetected alpine Euandrena in the high mountains of Spain is less surprising, but emphasises how much more there is to learn about European diversity of Andrena even in a comparatively well-studied region. Distribution The Sierra de Gredos in the Sistema Central to the Cantabrian mountains in northwestern Spain in the province of Asturias., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 165-168, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Praz C., Muller A. & Genoud D. 2019. Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / alpento. 3.29675"]}

Andrena (Lepidandrena) baetica Wood, 2020 Figs 66–69 Material examined PORTUGAL • 1 ♂; Algarve, Tareja; [37.173° N, 7.879° W]; 13 Apr. 1991; J. v. Corstanje leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 66–69). Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Body length 9 mm (Fig. 66). HEAD. Black, 1.1 times as wide as long (Fig. 67). Clypeus black, slightly domed and slightly flattened centrally, densely punctured laterally with punctures separated by 0.5 puncture diameters, becoming sparser centrally, separated by 1 puncture diameter, narrow central impunctate line present. Gena, clypeus, and inter-antennal area with white hairs, vertex with a mixture of white, brown, and black hairs, and frons and inner margin with black hairs, all hairs variable in length, longest exceeding length of scape. Antennae uniformly dark, A3 slightly shorter than A4+5. MESOSOMA. Scutum shagreened, very weakly shining, densely punctured, punctures separated by 0.5–1 puncture diameter, slightly sparser centrally. Scutellum comparatively less shagreened, weakly shining, very densely punctured, punctures separated by Andrena baetica is morphologically close to A. mocsaryi Schmiedeknecht, 1883, but differs in the shorter, squamous hairs on the scutum (Wood et al. 2020). The discovery of this male material further confirms the proximity of A. baetica to A. mocsaryi through genital structure (Fig. 69, see illustrations in Schmid-Egger & Scheuchl 1997), but also confirms its specific status as it possesses an entirely black clypeus, whereas A. mocsaryi has a yellow clypeus, and the apex of S8 is truncate to slightly emarginate, whereas in A. mocsaryi it is slightly pointed (Schmid-Egger & Scheuchl 1997). Distribution Southern Spain (Cadiz, Los Alcornocales; Cazorla, Sierra Pozo) and southern Portugal (Alentejo; Algarve) (Wood et al. 2020)., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 173-174, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Wood T. J., Cross I. & Baldock D. 2020. Updates to the bee fauna of Portugal with the description of three new Iberian Andrena species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Zootaxa 4790: 201 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4790.2.1","Schmid-Egger C. & Scheuchl E. 1997. Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Osterreichs und Berucksichtigung der Arten der Schweiz. Band III Andrenidae. Self-published, Velden."]}

Andrena (Taeniandrena) gredana Warncke, 1975 stat. nov. Figs 3–8 Andrena gelriae gredana Warncke, 1975a: 310 (Spain, Sierra de Guadarrama, ♂). Material examined Holotype SPAIN • ♂; Sierra de Guadarrama; Dusmet leg.; OÖLM. Other material PORTUGAL • 2 ♀♀; Minho, Ruivães, N103; 12 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC • 1 ♀; Minho, Bastelo, Várzea Cova; 14 May 2019; Wood leg.; TJWC. SPAIN • 21 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Ávila, Sierra de Gredos, La Plataforma; 1700 m a.s.l.; 19 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL (illustrated Figs 4–8) • 1 ♂; Ávila, 2 km E of Hoyos Del Espino; 22 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 2 ♂♂; Ávila, Hoyos del Espino; 1400 m a.s.l.; 20–22 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL • 1 ♀; Madrid, Alto de los Leones; 22 May 1979; H. Teunissen leg.; NMNL • 1 ♂; Huesca, San Juan de la Peña; 14 May 1995; H. and J.E. Wiering leg.; NMNL. Literature records (Warncke 1976) PORTUGAL: Coimbra. SPAIN: Ávila, Puerto del Pico; Pontevedra, Tuy; León, Puerto de Leitariegos; Segovia, San Rafael; Segovia, Valsain; Cáceres, Banos; Madrid, Cercedilla; Madrid, El Escorial; Madrid, Ribas de Jarama. Remarks Identification of female material from species close to A. gelriae is highly challenging without access to confidently determined comparative material. In Iberia, female A. gredana can be recognised by the dense punctures of the base of T2 (smooth to weakly and sparsely punctate in A. similis Smith, 1853), faint punctures on the disc of T1 (strongly punctate in A. wilkella (Kirby, 1802)), fore part of clypeus shiny (Fig. 5), contrasting the central and basal areas which are dull (uniformly dull in other species), the sculpturing of the scutum (Fig. 6), which is shagreened but centrally has a circular area where the shagreenation is comparatively weaker when viewed dorsolaterally (other species uniformly shagreened or with a clearly shiny central circular area), and the comparatively wide hair bands on the terga (Fig. 7) that are complete on T2+3+4 (either much thinner, or not complete on T2 and/or T3), Males are significantly easier to identify, and can initially be recognised by the length ratios of the antennal segments, being part of the group where A3 is equal to A 4 in length. In this group, the genitalia of A. gredana are highly distinctive, showing gonocoxa that diverge only slightly at their apexes, and with a penis valve that is clearly narrowed basally and widened to its maximum width centrally before tapering to its apex (Fig. 8). This character allows separation from all other Iberian Taeniandrena. In fact, molecular data shows that this taxon is not closely allied to A. gelriae (Fig. 1), and the divergent structure of the penis valve would support this conclusion when compared to the species allied to A. gelriae (Figs 9–11). Given these differences and its phylogenetic placement, A. gredana is formally raised to species status. Distribution Central and northern Spain and Portugal (Warncke 1976; Fig. 3). The distribution in Iberia is montane, and it may also occur in the French Pyrenees (see record from Huesca Province; Fig. 3), but no specimens have yet been reported from this region., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on pages 153-156, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Warncke K. 1975 a. Die Bienengattung Andrena F., 1775, in Iberien (Hym. Apidae). Teil A. Eos 49: 293 - 314.","Warncke K. 1976. Die Bienengattung Andrena F., 1775, in Iberien (Hym. Apidae). Teil B. Eos 50: 119 - 223."]}

Genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 Molecular analyses In the phylogenetic relationships among species of Taeniandrena (Fig. 1), all species represented by more than one individual formed well-supported monophyletic groups, with the exception of A. wilkella (Kirby, 1802), for which support was low (posterior probability, hereafter PP, of 0.74). These analyses confirm the distinctiveness of A. beaumonti Benoist, 1961 stat. rev. and A. wilkella, which form two separate clades with A. benoisti Wood & Praz sp. nov. sister to A. wilkella and A. beaumonti sister to A. benoisti + A. wilkella. The distinctiveness of A. gelriae s. tr. and A. gredana stat. nov. is also supported; these taxa do not form a monophyletic group. The sampled specimens of A. ovatula (Kirby, 1802) were similar to specimens of A. ovatula s. str. from northern Europe, a taxon that we consider distinct from most populations of ‘ A. ovatula auct.’ from central and southern Europe (Praz & Wood, in prep.). Lastly, A. levante Wood & Praz sp. nov. was the sister species to A. gelriae s. str. (PP less than 0.5). Average within-species, uncorrected genetic distances were low for A. ovatula, A. gredana, A. levante sp. nov. and A. benoisti sp. nov. (0.022%, 0.66%, 0.0% and 0.43%, respectively) and considerably higher for A. wilkella (1.18%) and A. similis Smith, 1849 (1.17%). Uncorrected genetic distances between A. benoisti sp. nov. and A. wilkella were on average 3.30% (range 2.86–3.86%), those between A. benoisti sp. nov. and A. beaumonti stat. rev. 7.31% (range 7.13–7.61); Andrena beaumonti was on average 6.89% divergent from A. wilkella (range 6.62–7.26%). Distances between A. gredana and A. gelriae were on average 3.02% (range 2.98–3.07), those between A. levante sp. nov. and A. gelriae 1.67% (range 1.51–1.75). The analyses of the Ptilandrena-Euandrena (Fig. 2) clade strongly support the recognition of A. impressa stat. nov. as a distinct species and not as a subspecies of A. angustior; these taxa were not closely related in our trees (Fig. 2). The placement of A. impressa (sister to a clade composed of A. fulvata Stoeckhert, 1930, A. angustior, A. allosa Warncke, 1975 and A. amieti Praz, Müller & Genoud, 2019) was surprising given that A. impressa shares numerous morphological features with A. fulvata and A. angustior, in particular the broadened gena and long male mandible, this character being absent in A. allosa and A. amieti, displaying the ‘typical’ unbroadened gena found in Euandrena. Support for this arrangement was however very weak. Average genetic distances within A. angustior and A. fulvata were 0.20% and 0.38%; distances between these two taxa were on average 3.56% (range 3.10–4.15). The distances between the single specimen of A. impressa and these two taxa were considerably higher: on average 8.22% for distances with A. fulvata (range 8.08–8.40) and 8.61% with A. angustior (range 8.39–9.22). With the exception of the difference between A. gelriae and A. levante sp. nov., these between species genetic distances are well above the 2% divergence metric that typically indicates species-level differences (Schmidt et al. 2015)., Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on page 151, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636, {"references":["Benoist R. 1961. Hymenopteres recoltes par une mission Suisse au Maroc (1947) Apidae, genre Andrena. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc 41: 85 - 95.","Praz C., Muller A. & Genoud D. 2019. Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / alpento. 3.29675","Schmidt S., Schmid-Egger C., Moriniere J., Haszprunar G. & Hebert P. N. 2015. DNA barcoding largely supports 250 years of classical taxonomy: identifications for Central European bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea partim). Molecular Ecology Resources 15: 985 - 1000. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12363"]}

Iberia has one of the richest bee faunas in the world, and the genus Andrena is no exception with around 200 species known from the Peninsula. The fauna of Andrena was largely revised in the 1970s, but since then, it has received little attention. Molecular investigation of the taxonomically challenging subgenus Taeniandrena has revealed that the situation is more complicated than previously thought with several cryptic and overlooked species. From the species allied to Andrena (T. ) gelriae van der Vecht, 1927, Andrena (T. ) gredana Warncke, 1975 stat. nov. from Spain and Portugal is raised to species status, and Andrena (T. ) levante Wood & Praz sp. nov. from southeastern Spain is newly described. Furthermore, Andrena (T. ) benoisti Wood & Praz sp. nov. is described, having previously been referred to as Andrena (T. ) wilkella beaumonti Benoist, 1961. Andrena (T. ) beaumonti stat. rev. is itself distinct and restricted to the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Outside of the subgenus Taeniandrena, Andrena (Euandrena) fortipunctata Wood sp. nov. and Andrena (Charitandrena) hattorfiana nigricauda Wood subsp. nov. are described from Spain, and Andrena (Notandrena) juliana Wood sp. nov. is described from Spain and Portugal. The male of Andrena (Lepidandrena) baetica Wood, 2020 is also described. Andrena (Euandrena) impressa Warncke, 1967 stat. nov. is raised to species status, displaying a West Mediterranean distribution. Finally, a further two species of Andrena are newly recorded for Spain, Andrena laurivora Warncke, 1974 and Andrena confinis Stoeckhert, 1930. Altogether, these findings reinforce the fact that our understanding of the taxonomy and distribution of Andrena in southern Europe remains incomplete.

Fil: Carvalheiro, Luísa G. Universidade Federal de Goiás. Departamento de Ecologia; Brasil. Fil: Carvalheiro, Luísa G. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Ciências. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Portugal. Fil: Biesmeijer, Jacobus C. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos. Fil: Biesmeijer, Jacobus C. Leiden University. Institute for Environmental Sciences; Países Bajos. Fil: Franzén, Markus. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Department of Community Ecology; Alemania. Fil: Franzén, Markus. Linnaeus University. Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems; Suecia. Fil: Aguirre Gutiérrez, Jesús. University of Oxford. School of Geography and the Environment. Environmental Change Institute; Reino Unido. Fil: Aguirre Gutiérrez, Jesús. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Fil: Helm, Aveliina. University of Tartu. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; Estonia. Fil: Michez, Denis. University of Mons. Research Institute of Biosciences. Laboratory of Zoology; Bélgica. Fil: Pöyry, Juha. Biodiversity Centre. Finnish Environment Institute; Finlandia. Fil: Reemer, Menno. European Invertebrate Survey; Países Bajos. Fil: Reemer, Menno. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos. Fil: Schweiger, Oliver. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Department of Community Ecology; Alemania. Fil: van den Berg, Leon. Bosgroep Zuid Nederland; Países Bajos. Fil: van den Berg, Leon. Radboud University Nijmegen; Países Bajos. Fil: WallisDeVries, Michiel F. De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation; Países Bajos. Fil: WallisDeVries, Michiel F. Wageningen University. Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group; Países Bajos. Fil: Kunin, William E. University of Leeds. School of Biology; Reino Unido. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and other sources of environmental eutrophication have increased substantially over the past century worldwide, notwithstanding the recent declining trends in Europe. Despite the recognized susceptibility of plants to eutrophication, few studies evaluated how impacts propagate to consumers, such as pollinators. Here we aim to test if soil eutrophication contributes to the temporal dynamics of pollinators and their larval resources. We used a temporally and spatially explicit historical dataset with information on species occurrences to test if soil eutrophication, and more specifically nitrogen deposition, contributes to the patterns of change of plant and pollinator richness in the Netherlands over an 80 yr period. We focus on bees and butterflies, two groups for which we have good knowledge of larval resources that allowed us to define groups of species with different nitrogen related diet preferences. For each group we estimated richness changes between different 20‐yr periods at local, regional and national scale, using analytical methods developed for analyzing richness changes based on collection data. Our findings suggest that the impacts of soil eutrophication on plant communities propagate to higher trophic levels, but with a time‐lag. Pollinators with nitrogen‐related diet preferences were particularly affected, in turn potentially impairing the performance of pollinator‐dependent plants. Pollinator declines continued even after their focal plants started to recover. In addition, our results suggest that current levels of nitrogen deposition still have a negative impact on most groups here analyzed, constraining richness recoveries and accentuating declines. Our results indicate that the global increase in nitrogen availability plays an important role in the ongoing pollinator decline. Consequently, species tolerances to soil nitrogen levels should be considered across all trophic levels in management plans that aim to halt biodiversity loss and enhance ecosystems services worldwide.

Genus Halictus Latreille, 1804 15 species. Abundant species listed below have a wide range of forage plants from several families, with a focus on Asteraceae, in line with Dikmen et al. (2018), but also several Fabaceae genera., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Dikmen, F., Tore, D. & Aytekin, A. M. (2018) Plant Preferences of Halictus Latreille (Halictidae: Hymenoptera) in the Mediterranean Region of Southern Turkey. European Journal of Biology, 77 (2), 65 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.26650 / EurJBiol. 2018.0014"]}

Anthophora (Lophanthophora) affinis Brull��, 1832 * = Anthophora biciliata Lepeletier, 1841 = Anthophora liturata (Lepeletier, 1841) Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Circum-Mediterranean, Russia, Turkey, Caucasus (Rasmont 1995). The possible presence of the species in Central Asia is unclear. Note: Brooks (1988) initiated a very confusing situation in mixing this taxon with Anthophora mucida Gribodo. These species are nevertheless well distinct. Rasmont (1995) made a complete re-description of both taxa and of the similar Anthophora agama Radoszkowski. (Rasmont 2014b) Material examined. N. Lebanon: Ehden, Ain El Baida, 1626 m, 31.V.2017, 1♂, coll. PRAS; Horch Ehden, Ain El Naasa, 1560 m, 22.V.2019, 1♂, leg. Boustani M.; Arz Bcharre, Forest Limit, 1873 m, 2.VII.2019, 1♀, leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU; Arz Bcharre, Forest Limit, 1873 m, 3.VII.2019, 2♀, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; 2♀, leg. Geki��re A., coll. UMONS; 4♀, leg. Ghisbain G., coll. UMONS. Flower record. Fabaceae: Vicia tenuifolia., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on pages 99-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Rasmont, P. (1995) Les Anthophores de France du sous-genre Lophanthophora Brooks avec la redescription de trois especes au statut confus (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophoridae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, New Series,, 31 (1), 3 - 20.","Brooks, R. W. (1988) Systematics and phylogeny of the Anthophorine bees (Hymenoptera Anthophoridae; Anthophorini). The university of Kansas Bulletin, 53 (9), 436 - 575.","Rasmont, P. (2014 b) Atlas of the European Bees: genus Anthophora. 1 st Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera, Mons, Gembloux. http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. aspx? ID = 260 (accessed 10 November 2020)"]}

Megachile (Eutricharaea) leucomalla Gerst��cker, 1869 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Tannourine El Tahta, Wadi Ain El Raha, 1187 m, 29.VI.2017, 1♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Flower record. Astereaceae: Echinops gaillardotii., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Xylocopa (Ancylocopa) parviceps Morawitz, 1895 * (fig. 21.3) Males of the material examined for this species have both a white clypeus and clypeus without colouration. In his key, Warncke (1982) assigned both these forms to X. parviceps. In our case the specimens collected on the 28.V.2017 from the same locality had both forms flying at the same time. Further investigations are necessary to see if these two forms diverge in a significant manner. Distribution: PALAEARCTIC: Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey (Terzo & Rasmont 2014) and further east to China (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 15.3 Material examined. N. Lebanon: Donnieh, 1200 m, 20.VI.2011, 1♂, leg. Kasparek M.; Bcharre, Dahr El Adib, 2611 m, 20.VI.2016, 1♀, leg. Boustani M.; Bcharre, Reforestation Area, 2174 m, 27.VI.2016, 1♀, leg. Boustani M.; Jord Tannourine, Jabal al Mnaitra, 2471 m, 28.V.2017, 2 3♂, leg. Boustani M., Rasmont P.; Bcharre, Qornet Es Sawda, 2863 m, 30.VI.2017, 2♂, leg. Boustani M.; Bcharre, Qornet Es Sawda, 2911 m, 21. VII.2017, 1♀, leg. Dayoub Y., all coll. MBOU.; Jord Tannourine, 2498 m, 26. VII.2018, 1♀, leg. Van Achter X.; Jord Tannourine, 2371 m, 9. VII.2019, 1♀, leg. Van Achter X., all coll. XVA. Flower records. Asphodelaceae: Asphodeline taurica; Fabaceae: Astragalus coluteoides, Onobrychis cornuta, Vicia canescens; Lamiaceae: Lamium striatum., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1982) Die Holzbienen des Vorderen Orients (Hym., Apidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 14 (1), 23 - 37.","Terzo, M. & Rasmont, P. (2014) Atlas of the European Bees: genus Xylocopa. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera, Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. zoologie. umh. ac. be / hymenoptera / page. aspx? ID = 214 (accessed 10 November 2020)","Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Andrena (Ulandrena) dauma Warncke, 1969 Distribution: EAST MEDITERRANEAN Material examined. N. Lebanon: Arz Tannourine, 1♂; Arz Bcharre, 2♀, 6.V.2017 and 12.V.2017., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1969) A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Andrena (Apoidea) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 377 - 408."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) christianseni Mavromoustakis, 1956 Distribution: EAST MEDITERRANEAN: Levant and Iran (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 14.3 Literature. Mavromoustakis (1956): Locus typicus. Mount Lebanon, Barouk Cedars, 1600 m, 14���16.VI.1953, 1♀, det. Mavromoustakis G.A., leg. Christiansen K; N. Lebanon, Cedars near Bcharre, 1900 m, 3���6.VI.1931, 2♀, det. Mavromoustakis G.A., leg. Zerny H. Mavromoustakis (1963): N. Lebanon, Near Becharre [Bcharre], 20.VI.1960, 1♀; 27.VI.1960, 1♀; 3.VII.1960, 3♀; Kadisha river, 21.VI.1960, 1♂; 26.VI.1960, 2♂; Cedars, 4.VII.1960, 2♂; 30.VI.1960, 2♀, 4♂; 6.VII.1960, 1♀; 29.VI.1960, 2♂, leg. & det. Mavromoustakis G.A. Records mentioned again in Mavromoustakis (1968) and listing occurrences in Iran. Material examined. Bekaa: Passage Akoura-Hadath, 1820 m, 7. VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Ghisbain G., coll. UMONS. N. Lebanon: Harissa, Al Jawar, 1765 m, 28.VI.2017, 2♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; 1738 m, 18.VII.2017, 1♀, det. Litman J. leg. Boustani M.; 1765 m, 18.VII.2017, 2♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Hadath El Jebbeh, Road to Wadi Al Fouar, 1553, 28.VI.2018, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 5.VII.2018, 1♀, 2♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Bcharre, Forest of the Cedars of God, 1933 m, 21.VII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 18.VIII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Arz Tannourine, Trail 1, 1762 m, 29.VI.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1758 m, 30.VI.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Arz Bcharre, Reforestation area, 2216, 2.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Arz Tannourine, Main Gate, 1794 m, 4.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU; Bcharre, 1758 m, 24.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1758 m, 25.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Flower records. Asteraceae: Echinops viscosus; Fabaceae: Lotus sp., Ononis spinosa; Lamiaceae: Phlomis cf brachyodon, Salvia microstegia, Stachys cretica, Stachys distans, Stachys ehrenbergii. Mavromoustakis (1963) recorded specimens from Lebanon on Lamiaceae as well, visiting Teucrium divaricatum var. graecum., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1956) On the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 9 (107), 853 - 862. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935608655905","Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1963) On the bees of (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part III. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 13, 5 (59), 647 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651300","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1968) Missione Giordani Soika in Iran 1965 II. New and little known bees of the family Megachilidae. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 18, 125 - 149."]}

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hethiticum Ebmer, 1970 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Asia Minor (Pauly 2016c). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Horch Ehden, Nabeh Jouit, 1405 m, 13.IV.2019, 1♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; 1625 m, 14.VII.2019, 2♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Van Achter X.; 1686 m, 24.VII.2019, 3♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Van Achter X.; 31.VII.2019, 3♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Van Achter X., all coll. XVA., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Pauly, A. (2016 c) Les Dialictus Robertson, 1902 de la Region Palearctique. Atlas Hymenoptera. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. aspx ?? id = 128 (accessed 10 November 2020)"]}

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) costulatum (Kriechbaumer, 1873) * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (Pauly 2016b). Notes: Ebmer (1988): Reported from Mt Hermon. Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Barouk, Shouf Biosphere Reserve, 1678 m, 2. VII.2019, 2♂, det. Pauly A., leg. Van Achter X.; 1690 m, 4. VII.2019, 2♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Van Achter X., all coll. XVA. N. Lebanon: Hadath El Jebbeh, Border of Cedar Forest, 1681 m, 22.VIII.2018, 1♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J., coll. MBOU; Hadath El Jebbeh, Al Fouar, 1468 m, 27.VI.2019, 1♀, det. Pauly A., leg. Van Achter X, coll. XVA. Flower records. Asteraceae: Echinops viscosus; Campanulaceae: Campanula sp.; Convolvulaceae: Cuscuta sp., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Pauly, A. (2016 b) Le genre Lasioglossum, sous-genre Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 en Europe et dans le Bassin Mediterraneen. Atlas Hymenoptera. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. aspx ?? ID = 105 (accessed 10 November 2020)","Ebmer, A. W. (1988) Kritische Liste der nicht-parasitischen Halictidae Osterreichs mit Berucksichtigung aller mitteleuropaischen Arten (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 20 (2), 527 - 711."]}

Andrena (Simandrena) vetula Lepeletier, 1841 Distribution: PALAEARCTIC. Literature. Mavromoustakis (1963): Mount Lebanon, Ein El Arar (near Baabdate), 25.V.1953, 1♀; S. Lebanon, Djezzine [Jezzine], 2.VI.1953, 1♀. Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Daichouniy��, 3♀, 3♂; S. Lebanon: Saidoun, 2♀, 1♂, between 27.IV.2017 and 5.V.2018. PANURGINAE Genus Panurgus Panzer, 1806 Two species., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1963) On the bees of (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part III. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 13, 5 (59), 647 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651300"]}

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) atroalba Lepeletier, 1841 Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Southern Europe, Mediterranean basin (Rasmont 2016). Mentioned from Lebanon (Ascher & Pickering 2021). This taxon is possibly confused with A. dalmatica which is present in Lebanon., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018

Colletes (Colletes) nasutus Smith, 1853 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, Caucasus and east to Russia, Turkey, Syria (Kuhlmann & Proshchalykin 2014). Material examined. Bekaa: Hadath, 1610 m, 7. VII.2019, 3♀, 2♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Flower records. Boraginaceae: Anchusa italica., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Kuhlmann, M. & Proshchalykin, M. Y. (2014) The bees of the genus Colletes Latreille 1802 of the European part of Russia, with keys to species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae). Zootaxa, 3878 (3), 201 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.3.1"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) gussakovskiji Mavromoustakis, 1939 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. Bekaa: Blaika, 1223 m, 3.VII.2019, 1♀, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll; MBOU; Blaika, 1325 m, 3.VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Geki��re A., coll. UMONS. Flower record. Asteraceae: Centaurea cf pallescens., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (L., 1758) * Distribution: PALAEARCTIC: Widespread across Europe, scattered records from North Africa and further east in the Mediterranean to Tajikistan. (Terzo & Rasmont 2014, Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 15.8 Material examined. Abundant and widespread. Specimens with no label from AUB and USEK collection, 6♀. Beirut: AUB Campus, 19.III, 1♂, leg. Mulugeta; AUB Campus, 5.V.1980, 2♀, 1♂ leg. Charles Z.; Kohar B., Alice R., all coll. AUB. Mount Lebanon: Fanar, V.1971, 1♀, leg. Traboulsi R., coll. USEK. Additional 19♀ and 7♂, from 21 records, collected between V.1986 and 7.VIII.2019 from Choueifat, Jbeil, Daraya, Mtein, Beit Chabab, Keserwan, Hboub, Beit Chabab, Mastita, Bakish, Gharzouz, Ehmej, Maaniye, Mansourieh, Maaser Al Chouf, and Barouk. N. Lebanon: Horch Ehden, VI.2014, 1♀, leg. Boustani C., Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Additional 31♀ and 46♂ from 40 records, collected between 20.VI.2016 and 23.VIII.2019, from Arz Bcharre, Tannourine El Tahta, Jord Tannourine, Bcharre, and Horch Ehden. S. Lebanon: Saida, IV, 1♀, leg. Chamaa O., coll. USEK; Saidoun, 25.III.2018, 1♀, leg. Baghdadi A., coll. SOILS. Flower records. Asphodelaceae: Asphodelus microcarpus; Asteraceae: Cousinia libanotica, Echinops gaillardotii, Echinops viscosus, Onopordum heteracanthum, Boraginaceae: Anchusa hybrida, Solenanthus stamineus; Caprifoliaceae: Cephalaria stellipilis; Fabaceae: Astragalus angustifolius, Colutea cilicica, Coronilla emeroides; Lamiaceae: Eremostachys laciniata, Phlomis chrysophylla, Salvia microstegia, Stachys cretica, Stachys ehrenbergii; Malvaceae: Alcea apterocarpa; Rosaceae: Cotoneaster sp., Prunus sp. Terzo (2021) reports a preference for Fabaceae and Lamiaceae, both observed in our records above along with other families. CERATINI Genus Ceratina Latreille, 1802 17 species., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Terzo, M. & Rasmont, P. (2014) Atlas of the European Bees: genus Xylocopa. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera, Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. zoologie. umh. ac. be / hymenoptera / page. aspx? ID = 214 (accessed 10 November 2020)","Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Terzo, M. (2021) Atlas of the European Bees: Xylocopa Latreille 1802: 379 France. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. aspx? id = 5 (accessed 10 November 2020)"]}

Megachile (Eutricharaea) inexspectata Rebmann, 1968 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Eastern Mediterranean, Algeria (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Unpublished records. GBIF 2021, SEMC: Mount Lebanon, Al Montazah, 11.IX. 1994, 200 m, 1♂, det. Baker D., leg. Roche C.G. Material examined. N. Lebanon: Fehta, El Biara, 1632 m, 18.VIII.2018, 1♀, leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Megachile (Pseudomegachile) sanguinipes Morawitz, 1875 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Northern and eastern Mediterranean, Iran to Kyrgyzstan (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Hadath El Jebbe, Wadi Al Fouar, 1553 m, 19. VII.2018, 1♀, leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J., coll. MBOU. Flower record. Fabaceae: Ononis spinosa., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) kussariense (Bl��thgen 1925) * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Ponto Mediterranean (Pauly 2016b) Material examined. N. Lebanon: South of Jairoun, 1648 m, 23.V.2012, 1♀, det. Ebmer A.W., leg. Kasparek M., coll. O��LM., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Pauly, A. (2016 b) Le genre Lasioglossum, sous-genre Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 en Europe et dans le Bassin Mediterraneen. Atlas Hymenoptera. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. aspx ?? ID = 105 (accessed 10 November 2020)"]}

Osmia (Pyrosmia) teunisseni Zanden, 1981 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Northern and eastern Mediterranean (M��ller 2021). Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Barja, Terbe, 326 m, 17.IV.2017, 1♀, 1♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. N. Lebanon: Horch Ehden, Nabeh Jouit, 1346 m, 24.IV.2019, 1♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Muller, A. (2021) Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zurich. Available from: http: // blogs. ethz. ch / osmiini (accessed 12 April 2021)"]}

Osmia (Pyrosmia) cephalotes Morawitz, 1870 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (M��ller 2021). Material examined. N. Lebanon:Arz Tannourine, Tannourine Reserve Trail 4, 1800 m, 6.V.2017, 1♂,; Arz Bcharre, 1917 m, 9.V.2017, 2♂; 1914 m, 9.V.2017, 1♀, 1♂; Arz Bcharre, 1883 m, 27.V.2018, 2♀; Horch Ehden, Ain El Naasa, 1560 m, 22.V.2019, 1♀; Hadath El Jebbe, Al Fouar, 1529 m, 31.V.2019, 1♀; Arz Tannourine, Trail 4, 1781 m, 3.VI.2019, 5♀; all leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Flower records. Asteraceae: Reichardia sp., Scorzonera sp.; Boraginaceae: Solenanthus stamineus; Fabaceae: Vicia sericocarpa, Vicia tenuifolia. Preference for Fabaceae and Lamiaceae also noted by M��ller 2021., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Muller, A. (2021) Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zurich. Available from: http: // blogs. ethz. ch / osmiini (accessed 12 April 2021)"]}

Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) taeniolatus F��rster, 1871 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (Ascher & Pickering 2021, Kuhlmann et al. 2021). Local distribution fig. 10.9 GBIF (2021) SEMC records examined by Dathe H. and included in Material examined below. Material examined. Beirut:Achrafieh, Sioufi Garden, 137 m, 21. VII.2019, 2♂, leg. Boustani M.; 26. VII.2019, 2♂, leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU. Mount Lebanon: Mansourieh, Al Mountazah, 250 m, 30.IV.1996, 3♀, 2♂, leg. Roche C.G.; 26.VI.1996, 1♂, leg. Roche C.G.; 350 m, 25.VI.1995, 1♀, 1♂, leg. Roche C.G., all coll. SEMC; Daychounieh, Nahr Beirut Climbing Site, 133 m, 27.IV.2017, 1♂, leg. Boustani M.; Bentael, 337 m, 23.IV.2019, 5♂, leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU. N. Lebanon: Bokesmaya, Nahr El Jawz, 250 m, 1.VI.2001, 1♀, 1♂, leg. Pavett P.M., coll. MPAV; Hadath El Jebbe, Chemin Wadi Ain El Raha, 1575 m, 28.VII.2017, 1♀, Boustani M.; Arz Tannourine, 1762 m, 18.VIII.2018, 1♂, leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Hadath El Jebbe, Cedar Forest, 1681 m, 22.VIII.2018, 1♀, 4♂, leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Tannourine El Tahta, Wadi Al Fouar, 1187 m, 22.VIII.2018, 4♂, leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J., all coll. MBOU; Tannourine El Fawka, Salon de l���Eglise, 1244 m, 4.VII.2019, 1♂, leg. Ghisbain G., coll. UMONS. Flower records. Apiaceae: Eryngium glomeratum, Ferulago frigida, Foeniculum vulgare; Lamiaceae: Lamium sp.; Rosaceae: Rubus sanctus; Rutaceae: Ruta chalepensis; Verbenaceae: Duranta erecta., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Kuhlmann, M., Ascher, J. S., Dathe, H. H., Ebmer, A. W., Hartmann, P., Michez, D., Muller, A., Patiny, S., Pauly, A., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Risch, S., Scheuchl, E., Schwarz, M., Terzo, M., Williams, P. H., Amiet, F., Baldock, D., Berg, O., Bogusch, P., Calabuig, I., Cederberg, B., Gogala, A., Gusenleitner, F., Josan, Z., Madsen, H. B., Nilsson, A., Odegaard, F., Ortiz- Sanchez, J., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Quaranta, M., Roberts, S. P. M., Saropataki, M., Schwenninger, H. - R., Smit, J., Soderman, G. & Tomozei, B. (2021) Checklist of the Western Palaearctic Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // westpalbees. myspecies. info (accessed 10 November 2020)"]}

Andrena (Melandrena) thoracica (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: PALAEARCTIC. Literature. Mavromoustakis (1963): (as A. t. kotschyi Mavromoustakis, 1953) N. Lebanon, Near Becharr�� [Bcharre], 19���20.VI.1960, 3♀; N. Lebanon, Kadisha river, 25.VI.1960, 1♀; N. Lebanon, Cedars [Arz Bcharre], 4.VII.1960, 1♀. Material examined. Bekaa: AUB Farm [Haush Sneid], 2♀; Mount Lebanon: Berbara, 1♀, between 10.V.1961 and 29.III.1964., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1963) On the bees of (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part III. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 13, 5 (59), 647 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651300"]}

Amegilla (Micramegilla) velocissima (Fedtschenko, 1875) * Distribution: PALAEARCTIC: Scattered records in Russia, Azerbaijan, Italy and Spain (Rasmont 2014a) Material examined. N. Lebanon: Tannourine El Tahta, Wadi Ain El Raha, 1008 m, 19.VIII.2017, 1♂, leg. Boustani M. Flower record. Asteraceae: Carlina curetum ssp. orientalis. Genus Anthophora Latreille, 1803 23 species, Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Rasmont, P. (2014 a) Atlas of the European Bees: genus Amegilla. 1 st Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera, Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. aspx? ID = 259 (accessed 10 November 2020)"]}

Osmia (Helicosmia) mirhiji Mavromoustakis, 1957 Distribution: EAST MEDITERRANEAN (Müller 2021). Literature. Mavromoustakis (1956): Mount Lebanon, Hammana, 15.V.1953, 1♀, 1♂, det. & leg. Mavromoustakis G.A., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, Müller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, {"references":["Muller, A. (2021) Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zurich. Available from: http: // blogs. ethz. ch / osmiini (accessed 12 April 2021)","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1956) On the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 9 (107), 853 - 862. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935608655905"]}