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The expert group on scenarios and models of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services initiated the development of the Nature Futures Framework for developing scenarios of positive futures for nature, to help inform assessments of policy options. This new scenarios and modelling Framework seeks to open up diversity and plurality of perspectives by differentiating three main value perspectives on nature – Nature for Nature (intrinsic values of nature), Nature for Society (instrumental values) and Nature as Culture (relational values). This paper describes how the Nature Futures Framework can be applied in modelling to support policy processes by identifying key interventions for change in realizing a diversity of desirable futures. First, the paper introduces and elaborates on key building blocks of the framework for developing qualitative scenarios and translating them into quantitative scenarios: i) multiple value perspectives on nature and the Nature Futures frontier representing diverse preferences, ii) incorporating mutual and key feedbacks of social-ecological systems in Nature Futures scenarios, and iii) indicators describing the evolution of social-ecological systems with complementary knowledge and data. This paper then presents three possible application approaches to modelling Nature Futures scenarios to support the i) review, ii) implementation and iii) design phases of policy processes. The main objective of this paper is to facilitate the integration of the relational values of nature in models, through improved indicators and other forms of evidence, and to strengthen modelled linkages across biodiversity, ecosystems, nature’s contributions to people, and quality of life to identify science- and knowledge-based interventions and to enhance ecological understanding for achieving sustainable futures. The paper aims at stimulating the development of new scenarios and models based on this new framework by a wide community of modelers, and the testing and possible further development of the framework, particularly in the context of future IPBES assessments.

Here, we review the rocky intertidal zone and shallowsubtidal of the Argentinian coast. We start by describing patterns ofdistribution of biodiversity before considering interactions among species thatshape these patterns. Nonnative and invasive species are then discussed and putinto the context of global change and other local impacts. We conclude byconsidering the special features of Argentinean rocky shores which are shapedby their environmental setting and phylogeographic history leading to low diversity,missing functional groups for some taxa and a gradient of increasing diversitytowards higher latitudes in the south. Fil: Palomo, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Bagur Creta, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Callá, Sofía Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Dalton, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Soria, Sabrina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina

1. Scientists have repeatedly argued that transformative, multiscale global scenarios are needed as tools in the quest to halt the decline of biodiversity and achieve sustainability goals. 2. As a first step towards achieving this, the researchers who participated in the scenarios and models expert group of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) entered into an iterative, participatory process that led to the development of the Nature Futures Framework (NFF). 3. The NFF is a heuristic tool that captures diverse, positive relationships of humans with nature in the form of a triangle. It can be used both as a boundary object for continuously opening up more plural perspectives in the creation of desirable nature scenarios and as an actionable framework for developing consistent nature scenarios across multiple scales. 4. Here we describe the methods employed to develop the NFF and how it fits into a longer term process to create transformative, multiscale scenarios for nature. We argue that the contribution of the NFF is twofold: (a) its ability to hold a plurality of perspectives on what is desirable, which enables the development of joint goals and visions and recognizes the possible convergence and synergies of measures to achieve these visions and (b), its multiscale functionality for elaborating scenarios and models that can inform decision‐making at relevant levels, making it applicable across specific places and perspectives on nature. 5. If humanity is to achieve its goal of a more sustainable and prosperous future rooted in a flourishing nature, it is critical to open up a space for more plural perspectives of human–nature relationships. As the global community sets out to develop new goals for biodiversity, the NFF can be used as a navigation tool helping to make diverse, desirable futures possible Los científicos han argumentado repetidamente que los escenarios globales, transformadores y de escalas múltiples son necesarios como herramientas para afrontar la pérdida de biodiversidad y lograr los objetivos de sostenibilidad. Como un primer paso para lograrlo, el grupo de expertos en escenarios y modelos de la Plataforma Intergubernamental científico‐normativa en Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (IPBES) mediante un proceso iterativo, participativo desarrollaron el Marco de los Futuros de la Naturaleza (MFN). EL MFN es una herramienta heurística que captura las diversas relaciones positivas existentes entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza y se representa en la forma de un triángulo. Puede ser usado tanto como un objeto para generar perspectivas plurales en la creación de escenarios deseables de la naturaleza o como un marco para desarrollar escenarios de la naturaleza consistentes a través de escalas múltiples. Aquí, describimos los métodos empleados para desarrollar el MFN y como este se ajusta a un proceso de largo plazo para crear escenarios transformadores y a diferentes escalas para el futuro de la naturaleza. La contribución de los MFN persigue dos objetivos principales: a) la posibilidad de mantener una pluralidad de perspectivas en aquello que es deseable, lo que permite el desarrollo de un conjunto de objetivos y visiones reconociendo la posible convergencia y sinergias de las medidas para alcanzarlos y b) su funcionalidad a escalas múltiples para elaborar escenarios y modelos que puedan informar a los tomadores de decisiones a niveles relevantes, haciéndolo aplicable a través de perspectivas específicas sobre la naturaleza. Si la humanidad va a afrontar el objetivo de un futuro más sostenible y próspero basado en una naturaleza floreciente, es crítico dar lugar a perspectivas más plurales de las relaciones entre el ser humano y la naturaleza. Mientras la comunidad global esta desarrollando nuevos objetivos para la biodiversidad, le MFN puede ser utilizado como una herramienta de exploración que ayude a generar posibles futuros diversos y deseables para la naturaleza y las personas This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Numbers 115300) and the Swedish Research Council (FORMAS Project No. 2018-02371)

Scenarios are powerful tools toenvision how nature might respondto different pathways of futurehuman development and policy choices1.Most scenarios developed for globalenvironmental assessments have exploredimpacts of society on nature, such asbiodiversity loss, but have not includednature as a component of socioeconomicdevelopment2. They ignore policyobjectives related to nature protectionand neglect nature?s role in underpinningdevelopment and human well-being.This approach is becoming untenablebecause targets for human developmentare increasingly connected with targetsfor nature, such as in the United Nations?Sustainable Development Goals. The nextgeneration of scenarios should explorealternative pathways to reach theseintertwined targets, including potentialsynergies and trade-offs between natureconservation and other developmentgoals, as well as address feedbacks betweennature, nature?s contributions to people,and human well-being. The developmentof these scenarios would benefit from theuse of participatory approaches, integratingstakeholders from multiple sectors (forexample, fisheries, agriculture, forestry)and should address decision-makersfrom the local to the global scale3, therebysupporting assessments being undertakenby the Intergovernmental Platformon Biodiversity and EcosystemServices (IPBES). Fil: Rosa, Isabel M. D.. German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Martin-universitat Halle-wittenberg; Alemania Fil: Pereira, Henrique M.. German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Martin-universitat Halle-wittenberg; Alemania. Universidad de Porto; Portugal Fil: Ferrier, Simon. Csiro Land And Water; Australia Fil: Alkemade, Rob. Pbl Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos Fil: Acosta, Lilibeth A.. University Of The Philippines Los Banos; Filipinas Fil: Akcakaya, H. Resit. Stony Brook University; Estados Unidos Fil: Den Belder, Eefje. Pbl Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos. Wageningen University And Research Centre; Países Bajos Fil: Fazel, Asghar M.. Eco Institute Of Environmental Science And Technology; Irán. University Of Environment; Irán Fil: Fujimori, Shinichiro. International Institute For Applied Systems Analysis; Austria. National Institute For Environmental Studies Of Japan; Japón Fil: Harfoot, Mike. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Harhash, Khaled A.. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency; Egipto Fil: Harrison, Paula A.. Lancaster University; Reino Unido Fil: Hauck, Jennifer. Coknow Consulting; Alemania. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Hendriks, Rob J. J.. Ministry Of Economic Affairs; Países Bajos Fil: Hernández, Gladys. Centre For World Economy Studies; Cuba Fil: Jetz, Walter. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. University of Yale; Estados Unidos Fil: Karlsson Vinkhuyzen, Sylvia I.. Wageningen University And Research Centre; Países Bajos Fil: Kim, Hyejin. National Institute Of Ecology; Corea del Sur Fil: King, Nicholas. North-west University; Sudáfrica Fil: Kok, Marcel T. J.. Pbl Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos Fil: Kolomytsev, Grygoriy O.. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukrain; Ucrania Fil: Lazarova, Tanya. Pbl Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos Fil: Leadley, Paul. Université Paris Sud; Francia Fil: Lundquist, Carolyn J.. National Institute Of Water And Atmospheric Research; Nueva Zelanda. The University of Auckland; Nueva Zelanda Fil: García Márquez, Jaime. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Alemania Fil: Meyer, Carsten. German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. University of Yale; Estados Unidos Fil: Navarro, Laetitia M.. German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Martin-universitat Halle-wittenberg; Alemania Fil: Nesshöver, Carsten. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania Fil: Ngo, Hien T.. Ipbes Secretariat; Alemania Fil: Ninan, Karachepone N.. Centre For Economics, Environment And Society; India Fil: Palomo, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Pereira, Laura M.. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Peterson, Garry D.. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Pichs, Ramon. Centre For World Economy Studies; Cuba Fil: Popp, Alexander. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Alemania Fil: Purvis, Andy. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido Fil: Ravera, Federica. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centre de Recerca Ecológica I Aplicacions Forestals; España. University Of Évora; Portugal. Universitat Central De Catalunya; España Fil: Rondinini, Carlo. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia Fil: Sathyapalan, Jyothis. Centre For Economic And Social Studies; India Fil: Schipper, Aafke M.. Pbl Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos Fil: Seppelt, Ralf. Coknow Consulting; Alemania. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Alemania Fil: Settele, Josef. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Sitas, Nadia. The Council For Scientific And Industrial Research; Sudáfrica Fil: Van Vuuren, Detlef. Pbl Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos