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Hoplopeza colombiana sp. nov. (Figs 2A–G, 5A–G, 7A–B, 8) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: Diagnosis. Antenna dark brown (Fig. 2C); occiput without pruinosity, shiny black (Fig. 2D, E). Scutum shiny black, except posterior margin of postpronotal and postalar callus covered with dense yellow pruinosity (Fig. 2E); fore leg yellow, except tarsomeres 3–5 brown (Fig. 2A); fore tibia with several long, slender yellow hairs at mid apical half on ventral face (Fig. 2A); mid femur with 1 anterior apical black seta; hind femur slightly swollen with one preapical wide black ring and 3 strong black anterodorsally spaced setae (Fig. 2 F). Left epandrial lamella without spines along inner margin (Fig. 5A, B); hypoproct with irregular apex (Fig. 5G). basal medial cell; br = basal radial cell; CuA = anterior branch of cubital vein; cua = anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP = anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; CuA = anterior cubital vein; dm = discal medial cell; M 1 = first branch of media; M 4 = fourth branch of media; R 1 = anterior branch of radius; R 2+3 = second branch of radius; R 4+5 = third branch of radius; Rs = radial sector. Description. Holotype male. Body length: 4.5 mm (Fig. 2A). Wing length: 4.0 mm (Fig. 2G). Head. Frons shiny black, very narrow at lower margin, narrower than anterior ocellus, slightly widening towards anterior ocellus (Fig. 2D). Face bare, 1.5 times length of frons. Antenna (Fig. 2C), dark brown, postpedicel lanceolate, covered with dense brownish microtrichia; 1 pair of short proclinate ocellar setae. Proboscis short, yellow; palpus very small, covered with dense, dark yellow pruinosity with 1 long, slender seta near apex. Occiput smooth, shiny black; postocular setae dark, long and stout, and row of occipital yellow setae, longer than postocular setae. Thorax (Fig. 2E). Antepronotum black, covered with dense gray pruinosity. Scutum black, shiny, except posterior margin of postpronotal lobe brown, with anterior dark yellow spot; postalar callus dark yellow. Pleura brown, except yellow spot on upper margin of katepimeron, anterior margin of laterotergite, posterior margin of metanepisternum and metepimeron yellowish. Pleura with dense yellow pruinosity, except bare middle region of katepimeron. Scutellum black, except lateral and apical margins brown, with yellow pruinosity; 1 thin, short pair of lateral setae and 1 long, strong, dark yellow apical pair of scutellar bristles. Mediotergite black, with yellow pruinosity. Acrostichals uniserial; dorsocentrals biserial, short, slender and sparse on scutum; notopleuron with grey pruinosity, 2 bristles long, strong, upper longer and stronger, about half-length of scutum, lower seta yellow, shorter, about 1/3 length of upper bristle; several slender and short postpronotal setae; 1 anterior stronger, longer (about 1/3 length of scutum) bristle and 1 posterior short, slender postalar seta. Wing (Fig. 2G). Membrane light brown; pterostigma brown, elongate and narrow; R 1 long, ending at apical 1/2 of wing; vein bm-m slightly sinuous; vein CuA evanescent, not reaching CuP vein, arising near two-third length of bm cell; CuA+CuP long, ending just short of wing margin; veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin. Halter yellow. Legs. Yellow (hind leg greenish yellow), except hind tibia with base and apex dark brown; hind femur slightly swollen, with dark brown preapical wide ring (Fig. 2F); tarsomere 1 of fore and mid legs brown at apex; fore, mid and hind tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Chaetotaxy: fore femur with row of slender yellow setae along anterodorsal surface and 1 long, yellow, slender anteroventral basal seta. Mid femur with 1 long anteroapical black seta. Hind femur with 3 long, strong setae on anterodorsal surface: 1 at basal 1/3, 1 near middle and 1 preapical. Fore tibia with several slender yellow ventral setae at mid apical half. Mid tibia with 1 short dorsal and 2 strong anterodorsal setae on apical half; 2 long, slender light brown setae: 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral. Hind tibia with 2 black apical spurs: 1 shorter anterodorsal and 1 long anteroventral. Abdomen (Fig. 2A). Shiny. Syntergites 1+2 brown, with greenish yellow spot on lateral margins; tergites 2–7 brown, with anterior margins yellow, weakly sclerotized; tergites 7 and 8 completely brown. All segments with short, long, slender yellow setae. Male terminalia (Fig. 5A–G). Right surstylus basally broad, with several long and strong setae on ventral margin, dorsal margin serrated, apex elongated, digitiform with rounded apex (Fig. 5A, B, E). Left surstylus shorter than right, almost subrectangular, with slightly elongated and rounded apex (Fig. 5A, B, D). Asymmetrical cerci, strongly sclerotized, digitiform, covered with brown, slender, long setae; left cercus slightly longer than right (Fig. 5A, B). Right epandrial lamella broader than left, rounded sides, with strong, dark rounded-tipped spines along inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 5A, E). Left epandrial lamella as long as wide with strong setae along inner margin on dorsal view (Fig. 5A, D). Phallus elongate, phallic shaft gradually arched, cylindrical, without protuberances, distal articulation filiform, not bifid (Fig. 5F). Hypandrium subtriangular with several long, slender ventral setae at apex (Fig. 5C, F). Dorsal connection between lamellae narrow and short (Fig. 5A, B). Bacilliform sclerites divided, right basally fused with hypoproct, shorter and bare; left longer with apical half with scattered setae (Fig. 5G). Subepandrial sclerite with basal margin rounded, slightly widening toward at apex. Hypoproct sclerotized, subcylindrical with irregular apex (Fig. 5G). Female. Similar to male, except as noted: Body length: 5.0– 5.5 mm (Fig. 2B). Wing length: 4.5–5.0 mm. Abdomen. Tergites 2–4 brown with lateral yellow patches, segment 8 proximal half yellow. Terminalia (Fig. 7A, B). Tergite 8 and sternite 8 fused. Tergite 8 broad with posterolateral subtriangular extension. Sternite 8 subrectangular divided posteriorly into pair of extended sclerites with acute posterior apex. Tergite 10 undivided, separate from cercus. Membrane between sternite 8 and 10 hyaline with small spines arranged in longitudinal row. Sternite 10 undivided, slightly sclerotized, apex subtriangular. Cercus short, digitiform, length nearly twice width, bearing long, fine setae. Distribution. This species is known from Colombia (Antioquia) (Fig. 8). Type Material. HOLOTYPE m#: COLOMBIA: Antioquia department, Belmira Páramo de Santa Inés, El Morro location, 3005–3080 m, 6.634233; -75.658654, Forest. Malaise trap floor, 25-mar–5-abr-2017, Proy. Moscas de las flores, A.L. Montoya, C. Rodriguez & J.P. Carmona (CEUA 32646, dry pinned; genitalia preserved in glycerine in microvial). PARATYPES: COLOMBIA: Antioquia department, Belmira Páramo de Santa Inés, Río Arriba rural settlement, Laguna de Sabanas location, 2950–3050 m, 6.634233, -75.8654, Forest, Malaise trap floor, proy. Moscas de las Flores, 2–12.xii.2017, J. Torres-Toro & J.P. Carmona (1 m# CEUA 103671, 1 f# CEUA 102980, both body in 96% ethanol); same data except, Emergence trap (3 f#, CEUA 103672, body in 96% ethanol); same data except, pan trap, 16–27.ix.2017, A.L. Montoya & J.P. Carmona (2 m# CEUA 103106, wing mounted in Euparal on microscope slide; 1 f# CEUA 103107 body in 96% ethanol); same data except, sweep net (2 m# CEUA103104); same data except, 25.iii.–5.iv.2017, A.L. Montoya, C. Rodriguez & J.P. Carmona (1 m# CEUA 102474, 1 f# CEUA 102475, both with body in 96% ethanol); same data except, 25.iii.–5.iv.2017, Malaise trap floor (1 f#, CEUA 102828, body in 96% ethanol), Malaise trap canopy (2 f#, CEUA 102825, body in 96% ethanol), Malaise trap canopy (2 f# CEUA 102827, both body in 96% ethanol); Antioquia department, Belmira Páramo de Santa Inés, La Candelaria rural settlement, El Morro location, 3185–3200 m, 6.645901, -75.670441, Páramo, Malaise trap canopy, 21–30.vi.2017, C. Rodríguez & A.L. Montoya (1 f# CEUA 102956, body in 96% ethanol); same data except, Grassland, 21–30.vi.2017, C. Rodriguez & A.L. Montoya (1 f# CEUA 102824, body in 96% ethanol); same data except, 25.iii.–5.iv.2017, A.L. Montoya, C. Rodriguez & J.P. Carmona (1 f# CEUA 102823, body in 96% ethanol); Antioquia department, San José de La Montaña municipality, Páramo El Congo rural settlement, El Congo, 3165– 3190 m, 6.762229, -75.723144, Páramo, emergence trap, 20–30.vi.2017, A.L. Montoya & A. Sepúlveda (1 f# CEUA 102982, body in 96% ethanol) same data except, 25.iii–5.iv.2017 (1 f# CEUA 102822), 16–27.ix.2017, C. Henao-Sepúlveda (1 m# CEUA 103096); Antioquia department, Envigado municipality, Parcelación Nubarrones location, 2000 m, 6.139736, -75.5538545, forest, Malaise trap floor, 11.ix.2016 – 7.viii.2018, M. Wolff & C. Henao-Sepúlveda (1 f# CEUA 32633, 1 f# 32634, 1 f# 32635, 1 f# 32636, 1 f# 32637, 1 f# 32638, 1 f# 32639, 1 f# 32640, 1 f# 32641, 1 f# 32642, 1 f# 32643, all with body in 96% ethanol), same data except, Malaise trap canopy, 25.iii.–5.iv.2017 (1 f#, CEUA 102822, body in 96% ethanol); Antioquia, Yarumal municipality, El Respaldo rural settlement, La Maruja farm location, 2200 – 2600 m, 6.91046, -76.42792, forest, Malaise trap floor, 15.xii.2016, C. Henao-Sepúlveda (2 f# CEUA 32644, body in 96% ethanol); same data except, 1–22.iv.2017, C. Henao-Sepúlveda & D. Medina (1 f# CEUA 32645, body in 96% ethanol). Etymology. The specific epithet colombiana (nominative, adjective feminine) of this species refers to the country of Colombia, where the type specimens were collected. Remarks. Hoplopeza colombiana sp. nov. and H. chloropa Bezzi, 1909 share the shiny occiput, but the two species are easily separated by the absence of the row of long spiny setae on the hind basitarsomere in the new species, which is present in H. chloropa. Moreover, in terminalia structures H. colombiana can be differentiated from H. chloropa, by the absence of strong apical spine on the left cercus, which is present in H. chloropa (Rafael 1995, fig. 7). Hoplopeza colombiana sp. nov. can be differentiated from H. rafaeli sp. nov. by the shiny occiput, which is pruinose in H. rafaeli. In male terminalia, the strong curved spines along the inner margin of the left epandrial lamella are absent in H. colombiana, whereas they are present in H. rafaeli.

Key for identification of Andean species of Hoplopeza Bezzi 1 Occiput bare, shiny black (Fig. 2D, E); fore tibia with several long, slender and wavy yellow setae on ventral surface (Fig. 2A)................................................................................................ 2 - Occiput with pruinosity, dull black (Fig. 3C–E); fore tibia without several long, slender and wavy yellow setae on ventral surface (Fig. 3A)...................................................................................... 3 2 Hind tarsomere 1 without short and strong spine-like setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 2F); left epandrial lamella without row of long spine-like setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 5A, B); left cercus without apical spine (Fig. 5A, B).................................................................................................. Hoplopeza colombiana sp. nov. - Hind tarsomere 1 with row of short and strong spine-like setae on dorsal margin (Fig. 4B); left epandrial lamella with row of long spine-like setae on dorsal surface (Rafael 1995, fig. 7); left cercus with long apical spine (Rafael 1995, fig. 7)........................................................................................ Hoplopeza chloropa Bezzi 3 Antenna light brown; pleura tawny-brown; postpronotal lobe yellow (Fig. 4A); fore femur without long and strong dorsal setae near apex; short and slender apical spur at apex of hind tibia.............................. Hoplopeza annulata Collin - Antenna black; pleura dark brown (Fig. 3A, B); postpronotal lobe black, except posterior margin paler; fore femur with one long and strong dorsal seta near apex; long and strong apical spur at apex of hind tibia (Fig. 3F)... Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov., Published as part of Henao-Sepúlveda, Carolina, Barros, Luana Machado, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Wolff, Marta, 2023, Two new species of the genus Hoplopeza Bezzi (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae) from the high Andean forests of Colombia, pp. 87-100 in Zootaxa 5297 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7989319, {"references":["Rafael, J. A. (1995) Revis \" o das especies Neotropicais de Empididae (Diptera) descritas por Mario Bezzi. III. Ocydromiinae. Revista Brasileira de Entomolgia, 39 (4), 751 - 754."]}

Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. (Figs 3A–G, 6A–G, 7C–D, 8) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: Diagnosis. Antenna black (Fig. 3C); occiput black, covered with dense yellow pruinosity (Fig. 3E). Scutum shiny black, except posterior margin of postpronotal lobe paler and anterior margin of postalar callus yellow (Fig. 3E). Mid basitarsomere with 1 strong posteroventral basal seta; hind tibia brown, paler on base (Fig. 3F). Tergites of abdomen brown, greenish anteriorly, syntergite 1+2 greenish on lateral margin (Fig. 3A, B). Left epandrial lamella with spines along the inner margin (Fig. 6A, B); hypoproct with rounded apex (Fig. 6G). Description. Holotype male. Body length: 4.5 mm (Fig. 3 A). Wing length: 4.7 mm (Fig. 3G). Head. Frons shiny brown, narrower than anterior ocellus, slightly widening towards anterior ocellus (Fig. 3D). Face with short whitish setulae, 1.6 times length of frons. Antenna (Fig. 3C) black, postpedicel lanceolate, covered with dense brownish microtrichia; 2 pairs of ocellar setae proclinate, posterior pair very short and slender, anterior pair long and stronger. Proboscis short, brown; palpus very small, yellow, covered with dense yellow pruinosity; 1 long, slender seta. Occiput black, covered with dense yellow pruinosity, patch without pruinosity next to ocellar triangle; postocular setae long, strong and scattered, upper setae longer, stronger; row of long, brown occipital setae. Thorax (Fig. 3E). Antepronotum black, covered with dense yellow pruinosity, with row of short, slender setae on anterior margin. Scutum black, shiny, except posterior margin of postpronotal lobe paler; anterior margin of postalar callus yellow. Pleura brown, except yellow spot on upper margin of katepisternum; upper margin of katepimeron, anterior margin of laterotergite, posterior margin of metanepisternum and metepimeron yellowish. Pleura with dense yellow pruinosity, except bare middle region of katepimeron. Scutellum black, except lateral and apical margins brown, with yellow pruinosity; 1 thin, short pair of lateral setae and 1 long, strong, black apical pair of scutellar bristles. Mediotergite black, with yellow pruinosity. Acrostichals uniserial, dorsocentrals biserial, short, slender and sparse on scutum; notopleuron with yellow pruinosity, 2 bristles long, strong, upper longer and stronger, about half length of scutum, lower seta yellow, shorter, about 1/3 length of upper bristle; several slender and short postpronotal setae; 1 stronger, longer (about 1/3 length of scutum) anterior and 1 shorter, slender posterior postalar seta. Wing (Fig. 3G). Membrane brownish; pterostigma brown, elongate and narrow; R 1 long, ending at apical 1/2 of wing; cell dm aligned with cell br; vein bm-m strongly sinuous; vein CuA incomplete, not reaching vein CuP, arising near mid-length of cell bm; CuA+CuP long, reaching wing margin; veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin. Halter yellow, knob slightly darker. Legs. Yellow, except brown apical spot on dorsal surface of mid femur; hind femur with wide subapical ring and apex brown; hind tibia (Fig. 3F) brown, paler basally; fore and mid tarsomere 1 brown at apex; fore and mid tarsomere 2 pale brown; fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5 brown; hind tarsomeres brown, except yellow greenish on base of tarsomere 1. Hind femur slightly swollen. Chaetotaxy: fore femur with row of thin setae along anterodorsal surface, decreasing in size toward apex, one long and strong dorsal seta near apex. Mid femur with 2 long, strong anterodorsal setae: 1 at mid-length and 1 subapical. Hind femur with 3 long, strong anterior setae: 1 subbasal, 1 at mid-length and 1 subapical. Mid tibia with 2 long, strong anterodorsal setae: 1 subbasal and 1 at mid-length; 1 long, strong posterodorsal subbasal seta, 2 long, strong anteroventral and 2 posteroventral apical setae. Hind tibia (Fig. 3F) with 2 long, strong anterodorsal setae: 1 basal and 1 at mid-length; 1 long, stronger lateral apical spur: 2 short, strong apical setae. Mid basitarsomere with 1 strong posteroventral basal seta. Abdomen (Fig. 3A). Shiny. Syntergites 1+2 brown, except yellow greenish spot on lateral margin; tergites 3–6 brown, except anterior margin greenish yellow, weakly sclerotized; tergites 7 and 8 brown.All segments with short, long slender setae. Male terminalia (Fig. 6A–G). Right surstylus basally broad, apex with elongated projection, digitiform and truncated apex, with several long, strong setae on ventral margin; dorsal margin serrated (Fig. 6A, B, D). Left surstylus shorter than right, almost subrectangular, with apex slightly pointed; several short, slender setae near apex (Fig. 6A, B, D). Asymmetrical cerci, strongly sclerotized, digitiform, covered with brown, slender and long setae; left cercus slightly longer than right (Fig. 6A, B). Right epandrial lamella broader than left, rounded sides, with strong dark spines along inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 6A, B, D). Left epandrial lamella as long as wide with strong dark curved spines along inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 6A, B, E). Phallus elongate, shaft gradually arched, cylindrical, without protuberances; distal articulation filiform, not bifid (Fig. 6F). Hypandrium subtriangular in ventral view with several long and slender setae at apex (Fig. 6C, F). Dorsal connection between epandrial lamellae narrow and short (Fig. 6A, B). Bacilliform sclerites divided basally, thin, entire length covered with several short, slender setae (Fig. 6G). Subepandrial sclerite with basal margin truncate, slightly narrower toward apex. Hypoproct clavate, with rounded apex and bare, strongly sclerotized, tube-like (Fig. 6G). Female. Similar to male, except as noted: Body length: 5.0– 5.5 mm (Fig. 3 B). Wing length: 4.5–5.0 mm. Mid and hind tarsomeres 3–5 light brown. Abdomen. Tergites 2–4 brown, yellow laterally, tergite 7 completely yellow. Terminalia (Fig. 7C, D). Tergite 8 and sternite 8 fused. Tergite 8 broad subrectangular with lateral posterior subtriangular extensions. Tergite 10 undivided, separate from cerci. Sternite 10 slightly sclerotized, apex broadly oval. Sternite 8 subrectangular, divided posteriorly into pair of extended sclerites with acute apex. Membrane between sternite 8 and 10 hyaline with small spines scattered randomly. Cercus short, rounded, length less than twice width, bearing long, fine setae. Distribution. This species is known from Colombia (Antioquia) (Fig. 8). Type Material. HOLOTYPE m#: COLOMBIA: Antioquia department, Belmira Páramo de Santa Inés, El Morro location, 3100–3300 m, 6.632639; -75.645267 Páramo, Malaise trap canopy, 02–12-dec-2017, Proy. Moscas de las flores, C. Rodriguez & A. Echeverry (1m# CEUA 102957, dry pinned, wing mounted in Euparal on microscope slide; genitalia preserved in glycerine in microvial). PARATYPES: COLOMBIA: Antioquia, San José de La Montaña municipality, El Congo rural settlement, 3100–3150 m, 6.763791; -75.701738, Páramo, sweep net, 20–30.vii.2017, Proy. Moscas de las flores, A. Sepúlveda & A.L. Montoya (1 m# CEUA 103105, body in 96% ethanol; 1 m# CEUA 102960, dry pinned); same data except, 25.iii.–5.iv.2017, C. Henao-Sepúlveda & M. Wolff (1 m# CEUA 103108, body in 96% ethanol); same data except, 16–27.ix.2017, C. Henao-Sepúlveda & A. Sepúlveda (1f# CEUA 138330, dry pinned). Caldas, Pensilvania, Valle alto, 3378 m, 5.345971; -75.286728, forest, ground Malaise trap, 28–30.iv.2014, A. Cardona & J. Alvarez (1f# CEUA 138331, body in 96% ethanol with genitalia preserved in glycerine in microvial). Etymology. Named in honor of José Albertino Rafael, researcher from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil, for his contribution to the knowledge of the family Hybotidae. Remarks. Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. differs from H. chloropa by the absence of several long, slender and waved yellow setae on the ventral face of the fore tibia. Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. differs from H. annulata by the color of the pleura, which is all dark brown in H. rafaeli, whereas in H. annulata the side of the scutum and some areas of the pleura are tawny-brown according to Collin (1933) and are visible in photos of the type (Fig. 4A). Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. differs from H. colombiana sp. nov. by the left surstylus with smooth apex, whereas the left surstylus of H. colombiana sp. nov. has a serrated apex. Also, H. rafaeli sp. nov. can be differentiated from the other Andean species by two obvious structures of the male terminalia, including the strong, curved spines along the inner margin of the left epandrial lamella, and the long and wide hypoproct., Published as part of Henao-Sepúlveda, Carolina, Barros, Luana Machado, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Wolff, Marta, 2023, Two new species of the genus Hoplopeza Bezzi (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae) from the high Andean forests of Colombia, pp. 87-100 in Zootaxa 5297 (1) on pages 95-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7989319, {"references":["Collin, J. E. (1933) Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part IV. Empididae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 334 pp."]}

Two new Andean species of Hoplopeza Bezzi are described and illustrated: Hoplopeza colombiana sp. nov. and Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. These species are the first record from the Andean ecosystem of Colombia. In addition, the genus is diagnosed, the first description of the female terminalia, as well as a key and distribution map of the Andean species of the genus are presented.

Chvalaea australis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 294C321B-63CD-4381-A47C-662636FF7146 Figs 1–4 Diagnosis Frons short (approximately 1 /5 length of face), wide (as wide as ocellar triangle), with a shallow concavity at mid-length; occiput black with gray pruinosity, except central upper postcranium region with yellow pruinosity. Coxae yellow with white pruinosity, except basal half of fore coxa brown and bare; hind tibia black, except base brown; fore and mid tarsi brown, hind tarsus black; hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt and black spine-like ventral setae. Wing with cell cua slightly longer than half length of cell bm, veins M 1 and M 4 not reaching the wing margin, cell r 1 slightly broadened at apex. Etymology From Latin ‘ auster ’ meaning ‘south’, referring to Australia. Material examined Holotype AUSTRALIA • ♂; “NSW” [New South Wales]; “ Barrington Tops SF ”; [ca 32°4′2.982″ S, 151°39′47.495″ E]; [alt] “ 1000 m ”; “Feb.11.1984” [11 Febr. 1984]; “ L. Masner, S.S.” [leg.] [white label]; “ HOLOTYPE, Chvalaea australis Barros, Soares, Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha ” [red label]; condition: good, terminalia dissected; AMS. Paratypes AUSTRALIA • 5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; AMS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MNH • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CNC. Additional material AUSTRALIA • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; ZMUT • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MNH • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same state as for holotype; “Monga State Forest” [Monga National Park]; [ca 35°37′21.0″ S, 149°54′22.2″ E]; 19–24 Jan. 1984; L. Masner leg.; AMS • 4 ♂♂; same state as for holotype; “Toloom Scrub” [Toloom National Park]; [ca 28°27′23.9″ S, 152°26′43.0″ E]; alt. 1000 m; 14 Feb. 1984; L. Masner leg.; AMS • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CNC • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same state as for holotype; New England National Park; [ca 30°30′21.6″ S, 152°24′36.3″ E]; alt. 1300–1500 m; 13 Feb. 1984; L. Masner leg.; INPA • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; “ Wiangaree N.P. ″ [Border Ranges National Park], Brindle Creek; [ca 28°23′01.0″ S, 153°05′45.9″ E]; 14 Feb.1984; INPA • 3 ♂♂; same state as for holotype; Dorrigo National Park; [ca 30°22′15.0″ S, 152°44′40.4″ E]; alt. 1000 m; 13 Feb.1984; Peck leg.; CNC • 3 ♂♂; Queensland, Mount Glorious National Park; [ca 27°19′49″ S, 152°45′35″ E]; alt. 630 m; 28 Feb. 1984; L. Masner leg.; CNC • 1 ♀; same state as for preceding; [Landsborough], Landsborough Shire; [ca 26°49′19.4″ S, 152°58′02.5″ E]; alt. 200 m; 8 Mar. 1984; L. Masner leg.; CNC • 1 ♀; Victoria, 10 km North of Warburton Archeron Gap; [ca 37°40′37.8″ S, 145°44′27.7″ E]; alt. 750 m; 7 May.1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; CNC • 1 ♂; Tasmania, 10 km South of Hellyer River; [ca 41°20′42.4″ S, 145°37′54.7″ E]; 10 Jan. 1984; L. Masner leg.; CNC. Description Male (Fig. 1A) MEASUREMENTS. Holotype body length 3.5 mm. Wing length 3.8 mm. HEAD. Frons short, brown, covered with dense yellow pruinosity, approximately 1 /5 length of face, as wide as ocellar triangle, with a shallow concavity at mid-length (Fig. 1C); 1 pair of proclinate ocellar setae, 1 pair of postocellar setae long and strong, about 2 × as long as ocellar setae [observed in paratypes]. Antenna ground color brown (Fig. 1D), except anterior spot on pedicel yellowish; postpedicel long, triangular, about 1.3 × as long as scape and pedicel combined, covered with yellow microtrichia, 1 short dorsal seta on basal third, about ¼ length of postpedicel; arista-like stylus apical, bare, about 3 × as long as postpedicel. Proboscis brown (Fig. 1D), very short; palpus brown, with fine and short yellow setae, and 1 long apical seta, about 3 × as long as palpus. Occiput black (Fig. 1C), covered with gray pruinosity, except central portion of upper postcranium with yellow pruinosity. THORAX. Shining, covered with yellow pruinosity. Antepronotum dark brown (Fig. 1D). Scutum dark brown, except posterior margin of postpronotal lobe yellow and postalar callus pale yellow. Scutellum shining brown, with yellow pruinosity on lateral margin. Mesopleuron extensively brown, except laterotergite light brown, covered with yellow pruinosity. Mediotergite shining brown, with sparse yellow pruinosity. Acrostichals biserial; dorsocentrals uniserial, short, fine and sparse, 2 prescutellar setae longer; 1 long and strong notopleural seta; 1 short and fine anterior postalar seta, and 1 posterior postalar seta [lost in holotype, but apparently strong]. Scutellum with 1 pair of long and strong apical setae [observed in paratypes] and 1 pair of short and thin lateral setae [observed in paratypes]. WING (Fig. 3). Light brown; cell cua slightly longer than half length of cell bm; veins M1, M4 and CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; cell dm slightly shorter than br and bm cells; pterostigma slightly darker than rest of wing membrane; cell r 1 somewhat broadened at apex; halter dark brown, except stem yellow. LEGS. All coxae yellow, covered with white pruinosity, except basal half of fore coxa brown and bare; femora pale brown, except middle dorsal surface of hind femur and apexes of all femora darker; fore and mid tibiae brown, hind tibia black except base brown (Fig. 1E); fore and mid tarsi brown, hind tarsus black. Chaetotaxy: mid femur with 2 long anterior setae on apical half and 1 apical seta stronger; hind femur with 3 long setae near apex (1 dorsal and 1 anteroventral fine, 1 anterior strong), and 1 long ventral seta at mid-length; fore tibia with 1 long and strong ventral seta at mid-length; mid tibia with 1 strong dorsal seta near base, 3 long and strong anterodorsal setae (1 seta on basal ⅓, 1 at mid-length, 1 near apex) and 1 long and strong ventral seta at mid-length of mid tibia; hind femur with 2 long and fine anteroventral setae (1 on basal half and 1 at mid-length), and 1 long and fine posteroventral on basal half. Fore basitarsus with 1 long and strong ventral seta near base; mid basitarsomere with 1 posteroventral long and strong seta near base; hind tarsomeres (Fig. 1F) 1–2 with 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral rows of long strong black spine-like setae, hind tarsomere 3 with 3 anteroventral and 2 posteroventral short and blunt spine-like setae, hind tarsomere 4 with 1 short and blunt spine-like ventral seta, 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral spine-like setae at apex, hind tarsomere 5 with 1 short and blunt spine-like ventral setae. ABDOMEN. Black, slender, slightly curved downwards, covered with short and thin pale setae. Segment 8 about as long as wide, with 1 row of long and fine setae near the apex. TERMINALIA. Cerci (Fig. 2C) (lateral view): left cercus short, slender at apex; right cercus slightly longer than left cercus, broader at base. Left epandrial lamella (Fig. 2C) as long as wide; right epandrial lamella (Fig. 2D) 1.4 × as long as wide, rounded apex. Surstyli long, of subequal length, narrowing at apex; phallus elongate, phallic shaft gradually arched, cylindrical, without protuberances. Hypandrium (Fig. 2A) narrow, elongate and oval, 2 × as long as wide, apical margin convex with 4 setae arranged in trapezoidal pattern; subepandrial sclerite with basal margin sinuate and apical margin truncate (Fig. 2B); hypoproct (Fig. 2B) about as long as wide, apex slightly sinuate at mid-width, lateral margins round, basal margin concave in middle. Female (Fig. 1B) Similar to male, except by abdominal segment 8 less sclerotized. Female terminalia (Fig. 2E). Sternite 8 large, about as long as wide, suboval, a narrow concave on distal margin; sternite 10 short, kidneyshaped; cercus short, slender. Variation In some specimens the scutum has a denser pruinosity. The number of short and blunt spine-like setae may vary in hind tarsomere 3 (4–7), hind tarsomere 4 (2–5) and hind tarsomere 5 (1–2). Remarks Chvalaea australis sp. nov. is similar to C. ecuadoriensis, by frons broad, as wide as ocellar triangle. The new species may be distinguished from the latter by the color of the hind tibia, which is brown in C. ecuadoriensis, but black with a brown base in C. australis, and by the cell r1 which is wide at the apex in C. australis but narrow in C. ecuadoriensis. Distribution (Fig. 4) Chvalaea australis sp. nov. is known to occur only in the temperate broadleaf forests (Olson et al. 2001) of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro de & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2022, The first documented record of Chvalaea Papp & Földvári, 2002 (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae) from the Australasian Region: a new species and its possible relationship to other members of the genus, pp. 55-65 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on pages 57-63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1915, http://zenodo.org/record/7051841, {"references":["Papp L. & Foldvari M. 2002. A new genus and three new species of Hybotidae with new records of the Hungarian Empidoidea (Diptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47: 349 - 361.","Olson D. M., Dinerstein E., Wikramanayake E. D., Burgess N. D., Powell G. V. N., Underwood E. C., D'amico J. A. D., Itoua I., Strand H. E., Morrison J. C., Loucks C. J., Allnutt T. F., Ricketts T. H., Kura Y., Lamoreux J. F., Wettengel W. W., Hedao P. & Kassem K. R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. Bioscience 51 (11): 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / c 635 xt"]}

Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro de, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2022): The first documented record of Chvalaea Papp & Földvári, 2002 (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae) from the Australasian Region: a new species and its possible relationship to other members of the genus. European Journal of Taxonomy 836: 55-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1915, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1915

Pseudoscelolabes lesagei Sinclair & Barros sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/References/ 6941326E-C68E-4C60-BDA5-F2DFC97166ED (Figs 5A–F, 6A–D, 8) ? Scelolabes fulvescens: Collin, 1928: 13. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ NEW ZEALAND: South Island,/ Croyden [sic] Bush Scenic Res./ Dolamore Track [46°03′40.76″S 168°49′42.85″E], YPT [yellow pan trap] in/ Podocarp forest, 17–22.i.1999,/ L. LeSage, NZ-41, CNC381492 ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Pseudoscelolabes / lesagei/ Sinclair & Barros [red label] (NZAC). PARATYPES: NEW ZEALAND. FD: Te Anau, Fiordland NP, 45°27′39.60″S 167°41′20.40″E, 220 m, pan trap, 9–10.iii.2010, L. Masner (3 ♀, CNC). KA: Blue Duck Scientific Reserve, 13.7 km SW Clarence, 238 m, 42°14′2.932″S 173°47′26.075″E, 12.xi.2019, A. Borkent (1 ♀, CNC). MC: Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, 43°50′0.68″S 173°3′6.08″E, 24.xi.–1.xii.2019, Malaise, 18 m, A. Borkent (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 43°49′26.22″S 173°3′31.63″E, 9.xi. 2019, 325 m (1 ♀, CNC). SL: same data as holotype (2 ♀, CNC; 3 ♀, NZAC); Catlins State Forest Park [ca 46°32′02″S 169°17′13″E], Shaws Rd, Nothofagus forest, 9–14.i.1999, L. LeSage, NZ-18 (10 ♀, CNC); same data except, on flowers of Hebe, 12.i.1999, NZ-06 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); same data except, flowers of Cassinia, 12.i.1999, NZ-8 (1 ♂, CNC); same data except, sweeping Cassinia sp. along road, 13.i.1999, NZ-14 (12 ♀, CNC); same data except, sweep roadside herbs, 13.i.1999, NZ-15 (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, among sedges, creek edge, yellow pan trap, 9–14.i.1999, NZ-17 (1 ♀, CNC). WD: Kelly’s Creek Campground, nr. Otira [42°48′11.37″S 171°34′25.09″E], 20–23.i.1974, G.E. Shewell (6 ♀, CNC); Whataroa River Valley [ca 43°17′10″S 170°24′28″E], 1.i.1984, L. Masner (1 ♀, CNC). Diagnosis. Scutum with broad, brown presutural supra-alar and postsutural supra-alar spots, separated or narrowly fused; abdominal tergites yellow, with anterior half broadly brown with medial extension posteriorly; eyes of female closely approximated, similar to male to slightly narrower than width of anterior ocellus. Description. Male (Fig. 5A). Body length: 3.3–4.3 mm. Wing length: 3.1–3.5 mm. Similar to P. fulvescens, except as follows: Head (Fig. 5A). Arista-like stylus slightly longer than scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined. Upper row occipital setae thinner. Thorax (Fig. 5C). Antepronotum dark brown, shiny. Scutum shiny, mostly yellow with broad, brown presutural supra-alar and postsutural supra-alar spots, separated or narrowly fused (Fig. 5C). Scutellum shiny, yellow with anterior margin darker (Fig. 5C). Mesopleuron yellow (Fig. 5A), sometimes with brownish spot on anepisternum, katepisternum, meron and mediotergite. Scutellum with 1 pair of short, slender lateral setae. Wing. As in P. fulvescens. Legs. Chaetotaxy of legs: mid femur with 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal strong seta near apex; hind femur with 9–11 short, strong spine-like setae; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal seta near base and at mid-length; erect row of posterior setae less pronounced; hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta near base, 1 anterodorsal seta near mid-length and 1 long, strong dorsal seta near apex. Abdomen (Figs 5A, C). Yellow with anterior half broadly brown with medial extension posteriorly. Terminalia (Fig. 6). Surstylus with basal width shorter than length in posterior view (Fig. 6D). Cercus with narrowed, nipple-like apex (Fig. 6A). Female (Figs 5B, 5D–F). Similar to male, except eyes closely approximated to slightly narrower than width of anterior ocellus; scutum with presutural spot sometimes reduced or absent (Figs 5D–F); anterior margin of scutellum often brownish. Terminalia. As described for P. fulvescens. Distribution (Fig. 8). This species is currently confirmed from South Island, New Zealand. Etymology. This species is named in honour of the collector of most of the type series of this new species. Laurant LeSage (1946–2015) was a Coleoptera curator at the Canadian National Collection of Insects. Remarks. Collin (1928) based his redescription of P. fulvescens on specimens from the region of Ohakune (North Island), but based on our material examined these specimens most closely match P. lesagei sp. nov. The similarity of Collin’s material is obvious by the colour pattern of the illustrated female (Collin 1928, fig. 2). In addition, Collin (1928: 13) noted variations in the striping pattern: “This stripe may resolve itself into two unconnected, rounded spots, or into a stripe narrow in front and wide behind, or the narrow front part may disappear, leaving only a dark patch above base of wing”. Similar variation was also observed among our material examined.

Key to species of Pseudoscelolabes Collin 1 Scutum usually with pair of narrow stripes, widening at prescutellar disc (Fig. 2B); sometimes stripes absent or partially reduced or faint beneath cuticle, or male scutum dark brown with pale lateral margins (Fig. 2A); abdominal tergites usually pale brown with narrow darker anterior margin (Figs 1A, B); surstyli with basal width nearly as long as length in posterior view (Fig. 3E); eyes of females separated by width of anterior ocellus (Fig. 1D).......... Pseudoscelolabes fulvescens (Miller, 1923) - Scutum with broad, brown presutural supra-alar and postsutural supra-alar spots, separated or narrowly fused (Figs 5C–F); abdominal tergites yellow, with anterior half broadly brown with medial extension posteriorly (Figs 5C–F); surstyli with basal width shorter than length in posterior view (Fig. 6D); eyes of females closely approximated, similar to males, to slightly narrower than width of anterior ocellus (Fig. 1D)..................... Pseudoscelolabes lesagei Sinclair & Barros sp. nov., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De, Sinclair, Bradley J. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2022, Revision of the New Zealand endemic genus Pseudoscelolabes Collin (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae), pp. 516-528 in Zootaxa 5150 (4) on page 517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6626835, {"references":["Miller, D. (1923) Material for a monograph on the Diptera fauna of New Zealand: Part III family Empididae. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 54, 437 - 464."]}

Pseudoscelolabes Collin, 1933, an endemic New Zealand genus, is revised, including the description of a new species, P. lesagei Sinclair & Barros sp. nov. The male and female terminalia of the genus are described and illustrated for the first time. An identification key to the two included species and a map with distribution records are provided. The relationships of the genus within Ocydromiinae are discussed.

Pseudoscelolabes fulvescens (Miller) (Figs 1A–F, 2A–C, 3A–G, 4A–D, 7A–C, 8) Leptopeza fulvescens Miller, 1923: 448. Type locality: Otira, New Zealand. Scelolabes fulvescens (Miller): Collin, 1928: 13. Pseudoscelolabes fulvescens (Miller): Collin, 1933: 49. Type material [viewed via photos (Figs 7A–C)]. HOLOTYPE ♀, labelled: “1254”; “ HOLOTYPE / Leptopeza / fulvescens/ Miller [pink label]”; “ NZ Arthropod Collection / NZAC 04021403 ” (NZAC). Additional material examined. NEW ZEALAND. BR: Nelson Lakes NP [National Park], Mt. Robert [ca 41°49′34″S 172°48′37″E], 1100 m, 10–23.xii.1983, MT [Malaise trap], L. Masner (4 ♂, 15 ♀, CNC; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, INPA); Nelson Lakes NP, Lake Rotoiti, St. Arnaud Trail, above 1000 m [ca 41°49′16″S 172°52′18″E], 16.ii.1995, Nothofagus forest, B.J. Sinclair (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); 19 km E Springs Junction, Lewis Pass, 898 m, 42°22′40.91″S 172°24′0.402″E, 20.xi.2019, A. Borkent (1 ♂, CNC). NC: Arthur’s Pass [ca 42°54′28″S 172°33′32″E], 900 m, 31.xii.1983, L. Masner (2 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Arthur’s Pass summit, 942 m, 42°54′26.64″S 171°33′34.41″E, 26.xi.2019, A. Borkent (2 ♂, CNC); 3.1 km N Arthur’s Pass town, 42°55′9.396″S 171°33′29.905″E, 817 m, 26.xi.2019, A. Borkent (4 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); 5.5 km N Arthur’s Pass town, 42°53′54.773″S 171°33′31.581″E, 950 m, 25.xi.2019, A. Borkent (7 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). NN: North-West Nelson State Forest Park [Kahurangi National Park], Mt. Arthur Tablelands, 17–18.ii.1995, + 1000 m, Nothofagus forest [ca 41°10′51″S 172°44′02″E], yellow pan trap, B.J. Sinclair (1 ♂, CNC). Diagnosis. Male scutum variable from mostly dark brown to yellow (as in female); eyes of female closely approximated; female scutum mostly yellow with pair of narrow stripes, widening at the prescutellar disc; male and female abdomens mostly pale brown, anterior margins of tergites darker in female and pale-form male. Redescription. Male (Fig. 1A). Body length: 2.9–5.5 mm. Wing length: 3.8–4.6 mm. Head (Figs 1C, E). Eyes closely approximated, very nearly touching; eye bare, facets not enlarged. Ocellar triangle protuberant covered with grey pruinosity with 1 pair of proclinate ocellar setae, long and strong. Frons narrower than anterior ocellus, black, covered with greyish pruinosity (Fig. 1C). Face 2X wider and about 1.3X longer than frons, with dense pale yellow to grey microtrichia. Antenna (Fig. 1E) inserted at mid-height of head, dark brown; scape slightly shorter than pedicel; postpedicel long, conical, about 3X length of scape and pedicel combined, covered with dense brown microtrichia; arista-like stylus dark brown, about as long as scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined. Proboscis brown and short, about 1/4 of eye height, with several short, wavy setae on labellum; palpus short, oval, as long as retracted proboscis, light brown, covered with dense yellow pruinosity and several long, thin pale brown setae, 1 longer near middle. Occiput black, covered with dense yellowish pruinosity; 1 row of short black postocular setae, occipital setae with 1 row of longer and stronger black setae on upper half of head, lower half with long, thin pale setae. Thorax (Fig. 2A). Prosternum broad, fused to proepisterna forming precoxal bridge. Antepronotum dark brown to yellow, covered with grey pruinosity, with 1 row of short, slender setae. Scutum shiny, slightly longer than wide, dark brown, sometimes posterior margin of postpronotal lobe, notopleuron and postalar callus yellow (Fig. 2A), or scutum mostly yellow with pair of stripes between acrostichals and dorsocentral rows (as in Fig. 2B); pruinescence along lower margin of notopleuron. Scutellum shiny, dark brown to yellow (Fig. 2A, as in 2B). Mesopleuron yellow, except anepisternum, one spot on lower margin of katepisternum, upper margin of anepimeron, one spot on lower margin of meron, laterotergite and mediotergite brown or pleura dark brown; sometimes pleura nearly entirely yellow; grey pruinosity on laterotergite and from anterior spiracle down along anterior margin of katepisternum. Acrostichals biserial, dorsocentrals uniserial, all short, slender and sparse; 2 pairs of dorsocentrals slightly longer at prescutellar disc; postpronotal lobe with a few short, slender setae; scutellum with 2 pairs of short, slender lateral setae and 1 pair of long, strong apical setae; notopleuron with 1 long, strong seta; postalar callus with 1 long, strong anterior seta and 2 short, slender posterior setae. Wing (Fig. 2C). Broad, membrane light brown; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma pale brown, elongate and narrow, situated at apex of cell c; Rs long, arising near mid-length of cell br; vein R 1 long, ending at apical 1/3 of wing; cell dm shorter than basal cells, approximately 2.5 x longer than wide, M 1 and M 4 ending close to, but not reaching, wing margin; cell br longer than cell bm; cell cua about half length of cell bm; CuA complete, reaching CuP vein; CuA+CuP weak, but reaching wing margin. Anal lobe developed. Halter whitish yellow. Legs (Figs 1A, F). Yellow, except hind femur with preapical ring, base and apex of hind tibia, apex of tarsomeres 1–2 and entire tarsomeres 3–5 brown on all legs; femora darker dorsally in darker form. Legs stocky, fore femur slightly swollen on basal half, hind femur strongly swollen on apical 2/3, 2X wider than mid femur at broadest point. Hind tibia geniculate at base. Chaetotaxy of legs: fore femur with anteroventral row of fine setae; mid femur with row of long, slender anteroventral setae, 3 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal strong setae near apex; hind femur with 1 long, strong dorsal seta near apex, 3 anterodorsal, 2 anteroventral and 1 strong posterior setae at apical 1/3, with ventral row with 10–11 short, strong spine-like setae, shortening toward apex of femur and inserted on short tubercles, five apical most tubercles finger-like (Fig. 1F). Fore tibia with several rows of fine, erect ventral setae, shorter with width of femur and 1 short anterodorsal seta near base; mid tibia similar to fore tibia, with erect row of posterior setae twice width of tibia; hind tibia with similar erect setae and long anterior erect setae, 1 long, slender anterodorsal seta near base and 2 long, strong dorsal setae near apex. Abdomen (Fig. 1A). Shiny, mostly pale brown to yellowish, anterior margin of tergites sometimes paler, covered with long, slender yellow setae. Terminalia (Fig. 3). Epandrial lamella subtriangular, with several long, slender setae on surface; right epandrial lamella slightly longer than wide, slightly narrowing towards apex (Fig. 3C); left epandrial lamella as long as wide (Fig. 3D); dorsal connection between lamellae narrow (Figs 3A, D). Surstylus short, about 1/3 length of epandrial lamella, subtriangular with sharpened apex in lateral view, with several long, slender setae on margins (Fig. 3E); basal width nearly as long as length in posterior view (Fig. 3E). Bacilliform sclerites symmetrical, with short, slender inner setae. Basal margin of subepandrial sclerite deeply split forming diamond-shaped concavity near distal margin (Fig. 3G). Hypandrium very short, deeply emarginated at apical margin, U-shaped (Fig. 3B), both lateral arms abruptly widening dorsoventrally with 1 seta on tubercle on each side and additional seta on right (Figs 3C, D). Phallus long and slender, longer than epandrial lamellae, phallic shaft strongly curved near base (Figs 3B, D, F), cylindrical, without protuberances, articulated apex of phallus short, subequal in length to surstyli. Cercus symmetrically long, digitiform, weakly sclerotized, covered with long and slender setae (Fig. 3A). Hypoproct fused to subepandrial sclerite, subrectangular with one small, pointed apical projection on each side (Fig. 3G). Female (Figs 1B, 1D, 2B). Similar to male, except frons wider, about as wide as anterior ocellus (Fig. 1D); scutum yellow, usually with 2 complete brown stripes, occasionally reduced anteriorly or entirely absent, slightly widened on prescutellar disc (Fig. 2B); scutellum yellow, except anterior margin brown (Fig. 2B); anterior margin of abdominal tergites darker, tergite 7 completely brown. Terminalia (Fig. 4). Tergite 8 about 4X longer than wide, slightly narrowing at distal margin, with deep mid concavity, reaching 1/3 of length of tergite, covered with short setae (Fig. 4A); syntergite 9+10 medially divided into two subtriangular sclerites (Figs 4C, D); sternite 8 about 5X longer than wide, narrowing at apical 1/3 and covered with short setae (Fig. 4B); sternite 10 divided in two digitiform hemitergites, about half length of cercus and covered with short setae; cercus long and slender, digitiform, about 3X length of syntergite 9+10 (Figs 4C, D). Distribution (Fig. 8). This species is currently confirmed from South Island, New Zealand. Remarks. The association of the additional material with the holotype was made in part due to their proximity to the type locality, the colour pattern of the abdomen and the dorsally distinctly separated eyes. Unfortunately, the scutum of the holotype is obscured by the pin and median stripes are not visible. A possibly conspecific female specimen was discovered on the iNaturalist website (Figs 7D, E) from Borland Lodge (South Island). The scutum lacks stripes, but the abdomen is similarly patterned., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De, Sinclair, Bradley J. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2022, Revision of the New Zealand endemic genus Pseudoscelolabes Collin (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae), pp. 516-528 in Zootaxa 5150 (4) on pages 517-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6626835, {"references":["Miller, D. (1923) Material for a monograph on the Diptera fauna of New Zealand: Part III family Empididae. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 54, 437 - 464.","Collin, J. E. (1928) New Zealand Empididae based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London, 110 pp.","Collin, J. E. (1933) Empididae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, 4, 1 - 334."]}

We report for the first time the occurrence of genus Micropeza from Caatinga biome, through the description of M. chiroptera sp. nov. The new species is probably closely related to M. dactyloptera Harterreiten-Souza, Sujii & Pujol-Luz, 2014 by the finger-shaped projection on costal vein. A key of Micropeza species with a finger-shaped projection on costal vein and a distribution map of these species are provided.

A new species of Chvalaea Papp & Földvári, 2002 is discovered after a photo on a social network and later collected in nature. Chvalaea yolkamini sp. nov. is described and illustrated here. In addition, for the first time we describe eggs with scanning electron microscopy and report on adult hunting behavior.

Barros, Luana Machado, Freitas-Silva, Rafael A.P., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): First records of Leptopezella Sinclair & Cumming (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4615 (2): 397-400, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.12

Chvalaea ecuadoriensis Barros & Ale-Rocha sp. nov. (Figs 13, 27–32, 41, 49, 53) Diagnosis. Frons broad (at mid-length about as wide as width of anterior ocellus) (Fig. 13). Scutum entirely brown, pleura yellow, except anepisternum and katepisternum brown; scutellum pale brown. Wing pale brown with vein M 1 evanescent just before meeting wing margin and vein M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 49). Legs extensively brownish (Fig. 41); hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae. Hypandrium with distal margin sub-triangular (Fig. 27). Description. Holotype male (Fig. 41). Body length: 5.7 mm. Wing length: 5.3 mm. Head. Frons broad (at mid-length about as wide as width of anterior ocellus), as long as 1/6 of face length (Fig. 13). Antenna brown; postpedicel about 1.5 times length of scape and pedicel combined, with dense brown microtrichia and 1 short, thin dorsal seta near base; stylus arista-like, about 1.5 times length of scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined; 1 pair of ocellar setae very short, proclinate. Proboscis brown and very short; palpus covered with dense yellow microtrichia and long, slender setae. Thorax. Covered with sparse reddish brown pruinosity, paler, almost yellow on pleura. Pronotum brown. Pleura yellow, except anepisternum and katepisternum brown. Scutellum pale brown with 1 pair of long, strong convergent apical setae, and 1 thin very short lateral seta, about 1/3 length of apical pair. Acrostichals and dorsocentrals uniserial, very short, slender and sparse on scutum; notopleuron with 1 long, strong seta, with 10 shorter, slender setae; 1 very short, slender anterior postalar seta, with 1 anterior [lost in holotype, slender in paratypes] and 1 posterior postalar seta [lost in holotype, strong in paratypes]. Wing. Pale brown; pterostigma brown, elongate, narrow; cell dm slightly shorter than basal cells; cell cua slightly shorter than half cell bm; CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; vein M 1 evanescent, vein M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 49). Legs (Fig. 41). Extensively brown, except coxae yellow and femora pale brown near base, gradually darkened to brown apically. Chaetotaxy: fore tibia with 1 long and thin posteroventral seta at mid-length; mid tibia with 1 long and strong dorsal seta near base, 2 anterior on basal half and 2 anterior on apical half, 2 long posteroventral setae, with 1 on basal fourth and 1 on apical half; mid femur with 1 anterior seta on distal two-thirds; hind tibia with 2 long, thin anteroventral setae and 2 long, thin posteroventral setae on basal half; fore and mid tarsomere 1 with 1 ventral seta long and stronger near base; hind tarsomere 1 with 2 series of elongate black spine-like setae, with 5 anteroventral and 2 posteroventral near apex; hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae. Abdomen. Black, slender, slightly curved upwards, sides almost parallel in lateral view. Paratype male terminalia (Figs 27–30): similar to C. masneri and C. catarinensis, hypandrium narrow, distal margin sub-triangular with round apex and 2 long subapical setae (Fig. 27); subepandrial sclerite with anterior margin rounded and apical margin strongly concave (Fig. 28); hypoproct with broad, nearly triangular indentation at mid-width of apical margin (Fig. 28). Female. Similar to male. Female terminalia: resembling C. amazonica, with sternite 8 broad, triangular; tergite 8 with notch on lateral margin (Figs 31–32). Variation. Specimens preserved in alcohol can have fore and mid legs paler than hind leg. Distribution. This species is known from Ecuador (Tungurahua) (Fig. 53). Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: ECUADOR, Tungurahua, Baños, Cloud Forest [1°23′20.3″S 78°25′42.8″W], 2.500–3.000 m, 12.x.1978, M. Cooper / Holotype, Chvalaea ecuadoriensis Barros & Ale-Rocha [red label] (NHM). Holotype in good condition, terminalia not dissected. PARATYPES: as data same as holotype (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA; 2 ♀, NHM). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the country of origin of all the type specimens of this species. Remarks. Chvalaea ecuadoriensis sp. nov. and C. masneri are similar species, including the pronotum black, variable color of the pleura, usually the brown proepimeron. However, C. ecuadoriensis sp. nov. is larger and more robust than C. masneri, the scutum is uniformly brown, whereas in C. masneri the scutum is dark brown to black. Chvalaea ecuadoriensis sp. nov have an entirely brown hind tibia and in C. masneri the hind tibia is black, yellowish near extreme base. Additionally, C. ecuadoriensis sp. nov have the frons broad, while in C. masneri the frons is very narrow.

Chvalaea pulchra Ale-Rocha, 2006 (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 43, 51, 53) Chvalaea pulchra Ale-Rocha, 2006: 28, figs 34���36, 41. Type locality: Fazenda Esteio, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Diagnosis. As in Ale-Rocha (2006), plus veins M 1 and M 4 not reaching the wing margin (Fig. 51). Hind femur strongly clavate. Fore and mid tarsomeres 3���4 and hind tarsomeres 3���5 ventrally with short, blunt, black spine-like setae (Fig. 1). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀, labelled: BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, F [azenda] Esteio, BR - 174, km 41, ZF3 / 24���27.viii.1993, F.F. Xavier (INPA). Additional material examined. Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, AM-010, Km-54, BI-2, Susp [ensa] baixa mata, 02��45���33���S, 59��51���03���W, 22.v.���2.vi.1997, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. This species is known from Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 53)., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2019, Neotropical Chvalaea Papp & F��ldv��ri (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae): new records, an illustrated key to species and description of three new species, pp. 347-362 in Zootaxa 4571 (3) on page 357, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2612703, {"references":["Ale-Rocha, R. (2006) First description of species of Chvalaea Papp & Foldvari from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae). Zootaxa, 1167, 17 - 30."]}

Chvalaea annularis Barros & Ale-Rocha sp. nov. (Figs 6, 8, 23���26, 38, 46, 53) Diagnosis. Antenna brown, except for pedicel yellow. Scutum pale brown, except for broad median stripe, notopleuron, narrow region above notopleuron, scutellum and mediotergite dark brown (Fig. 6). Pleura brown, except upper margin of anepisternum and laterotergite yellow. Wing with veins M 1 and M 4 not reaching wing margin (Fig. 46). All coxae whitish yellow, except basal two-thirds of fore coxa brown; hind femur slightly clavate, whitish yellow on basal third, with a wide black ring medially, yellow apically with narrow black apical ring (Fig. 8); all tibiae pale brown except hind tibia black; fore and mid tarsomeres 3���4 and hind tarsomeres 3���5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae. Description. Holotype male (Fig. 38). Body length: 4.4 mm. Wing length: 4.3 mm. Head. Frons (at midlength narrower than width of anterior ocellus) narrow, as long as 1/4 length of face. Antenna brown, except pedicel yellow; postpedicel about twice length of scape and pedicel combined, with dense brown microtrichia and 1 short, thin dorsal seta near base; stylus arista-like, about 1.5 times length of scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined; 1 pair of ocellar setae very short, proclinate. Proboscis pale brown and very short; palpus yellow covered with dense yellow pruinosity and long and slender setae. Thorax. Covered with yellow pruinosity. Pronotum dark brown. Scutum pale brown, except for broad median stripe, spot on notopleuron and narrow region above notopleuron, both dark brown, postpronotal lobe yellow, postalar callus pale yellow. Pleura brown, except upper margin of anepisternum and laterotergite yellow. Scutellum dark brown (Fig. 6) with 1 thin, short lateral seta [1 apical pair of scutellar setae lost, apparently strong]. Mediotergite dark brown (Fig. 6). Acrostichals and dorsocentrals uniserial, short, slender and sparse on scutum; notopleuron with 1 long and strong seta, with 5 shorter, more slender setae; 2 anterior postalar setae slender, short and 1 posterior postalar seta [lost in holotype, apparently strong]. Wing. Membrane pale brown; pterostigma brown, elongate and narrow; cell dm slightly shorter than basal cells; cell cua slightly shorter than half cell bm; CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; veins M 1 and M 4 not reaching wing margin (Fig. 46). Legs. All coxae whitish yellow except basal 2/3 of fore coxa brown; fore and mid femora pale brown except for black extreme apex, hind femur slightly clavate, whitish yellow on basal third, with wide black ring medially, yellow apically with narrow, black ring at extreme apex (Fig. 8); all tibiae pale brown, except hind tibia black; fore and mid tarsomere 1 whitish, remaining fore and mid tarsomeres pale yellow, hind tarsomere 1���2 whitish, remaining hind tarsomeres dark brown. Chaetotaxy: fore femur without highlighted setae, mid femur with 1 long and slender anterodorsal setae near apex, hind femur with 2 anteroventral at midlength and 1 anterodorsal apical seta; fore tibia with 1 long and thin posteroventral seta at mid-length, mid tibia with 1 long and thick dorsal seta near base, 2 anterior setae on basal half and 1 anterior on apical half, 1 long ventral seta near mid-length, hind tibia without outstanding setae; fore and mid tarsomere 1 with 1 ventral seta stronger and long near base; hind tarsomere 1 with 2 series of rows of elongate black spine-like setae, including 4 anteroventrals and 3 posteroventrals, fore and mid tarsomeres 3���4 and hind tarsomeres 3���5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae. Abdomen. Black, slender, slightly curved upwards, sides almost parallel-sided in lateral view. Holotype male terminalia (Figs 23���26): hypandrium narrow, elongate and oval, about twice longer than wide, apical margin slightly convex with 2 subapical long setae (Fig. 23); subepandrial sclerite with anterior margin rounded and apical margin truncate; hypoproct with apex truncate and lateral margin round, triangular indentation in middle of basal margin (Fig. 24). Female. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known from Brazil (Alagoas) (Fig. 53). Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: Brasil, AL. [Alagoas], Quebrangulo, Reserva Biol��gica de Pedra Talhada, Rio Carangueijo [sic. Caranguejo], acima do alojamento, S09��15���26.5���/ W36��25���07.9���, 21���28.vi.2014, Malaise, D.M. Takiya, A.P.M. Santos, W.R.M. Souza & A. Domahovski / Hol��tipo, Chvalaea annularis Barros & Ale-Rocha [red label] (INPA). Holotype in good condition, except apical scutellar setae lost, terminalia dissected, left wing mounted between cover slips. Etymology. From the Latin annulus = ring, in reference to the contrasting black ring on the hind femur. Remarks. Chvalaea annularis sp. nov. is similar to C. pulchra by the presence of a broad median stripe, spot on the notopleuron and narrow region above notopleuron, both dark brown, veins M 1 and M 4 not reaching the wing margin, and fore and mid tarsomeres 3���4 and hind tarsomeres 3���5 with short, blunt, black ventral spine-like setae. In C. annularis sp. nov., the pronotum, scutellum and mediotergite are dark brown, whereas in C. pulchra the pronotum and scutellum are yellow and the mediotergite is yellow with a black spot. Moreover, C. annularis sp. nov. has the hind femur slightly clavate with a wide black ring medially; in C. pulchra the hind femur is strongly clavate, yellow with a very narrow, dark brown apical ring., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2019, Neotropical Chvalaea Papp & F��ldv��ri (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae): new records, an illustrated key to species and description of three new species, pp. 347-362 in Zootaxa 4571 (3) on pages 349-351, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2612703

Chvalaea sinclairi Barros & Ale-Rocha sp. nov. (Figs 16, 20, 22, 33–36, 44, 52, 53) Diagnosis. Antenna brown, postpedicel about 1.5 times length of scape and pedicel combined (Fig. 22). Scutum brown, paler anteriorly close to the postpronotal lobes (Fig. 16). Pleura yellow except laterotergite light brown. Wing with veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 52). Hind femur slightly clavate, pale yellow on basal half and brown on apical half, only hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae, lacking on tarsomere 2. Description. Holotype male (Fig. 44). Body length: 4.41 mm. Wing length: 4.0 mm. Head. Frons narrow (at mid-length narrower than width of anterior ocellus), as long as 1/4 length of face. Antenna brown, postpedicel about 1.5 times length of scape and pedicel combined, with dense brown microtrichia and 1 short, thin dorsal seta near base (Fig. 22); stylus arista-like, about 1.5 times length of scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined; 1 pair of ocellar setae very short, proclinate. Proboscis brown and very short; palpus yellow covered with dense yellow microtrichia and 1 long, thin seta. Thorax. Pronotum brown. Scutum covered with yellow pruinosity, paler, slightly gray on pleura, brown, paler anteriorly close to postpronotal lobes; postalar callus and postpronotal lobes pale brown (Fig. 16). Pleura yellow except laterotergite light brown. Scutellum brown with 1 pair of long and thin convergent apical setae, and 1 thin short lateral seta. Mediotergite brown. Acrostichals and dorsocentrals uniserial, short, thin and sparse; notopleuron with 1 long, strong seta, with 10 short, slender setae; 2 anterior postalar setae very short, slender and 1 posterior postalar long and strong, subequal in length to notopleural seta. Wing. Gently brownish, pterostigma brown, elongate and narrow; cell dm slightly shorter than basal cells; cell cua slightly shorter than half cell bm; CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 52). Legs. All coxae pale yellow; fore and mid femora pale brown, hind femur slightly clavate, pale yellow on basal half and brown on apical half; fore and mid tibiae pale brown, hind tibia brown; fore and mid tarsi pale brown, hind tarsus brown. Chaetotaxy: fore femur without highlighted setae, mid and hind femur each with 1 long, slender anterodorsal seta near apex; fore tibia with 1 long, thin ventral seta at mid-length; mid tibia with 1 long, strong dorsal seta near base, 2 anteroventrals on basal half and 2 anteroventrals on apical half; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral and 3 posteroventral setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 2 ventral setae slightly stronger near base; mid tarsomere 1 with 1 dorsal seta near base; hind tarsomere 1 with 2 series of 3 anteroventral and 5 posteroventral elongate, black spine-like setae; hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae, tarsomere 2 with spine-like setae. Abdomen. Black, slender, slightly curved upwards, sides almost parallel in lateral view. Holotype male terminalia (Figs 33–36): hypandrium broad, distal margin slightly rounded with 4 long setae near apex (Fig. 33); anterior margin of subepandrial sclerite with mid-length depth concavity and apical margin slightly concave (Fig. 34); hypoproct with apex truncate and lateral margin round, basal margin strongly concave (Fig. 34). Female. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known from Venezuela (Aragua) (Fig. 53). Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: VENEZUELA, Aragua, Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henry Pittier [10°22′52.5″N 67°37′07.1″W], iii.4.1967, Flight trap 1100 m. M.E. Irwin / Holotype, Chvalaea sinclairi Barros & Ale-Rocha [red label] (CAS). Holotype in good condition, left fore tarsus lost, terminalia dissected. Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Bradley Sinclair, of the Canadian National Collection of Insects (Ottawa), for his contribution to the knowledge of the taxonomy and cladistics of Empidoidea. Remarks. Chvalaea sinclairi sp. nov. is similar to C. amazonica in the color pattern of the scutum and pleura, and by absence of short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae on fore and mid tarsi. The main differences between each species is the short postpedicel, the apical scutellar setae and the combination of blunt, black spine-like ventral setae on hind tarsomeres. The postpedicel in C. sinclairi sp. nov. is about 1.5 times the length of scape and pedicel combined, and the apical scutellar setae are short and thin, subequal in length to the lateral setae. Whereas in C. amazonica, the postpedicel is 2.5 times the length of the scape and pedicel combined and the apical scutellar setae are long and strong, about 3 times longer than the lateral scutellar setae. In C. sinclairi sp. nov., the short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae on hind tarsomere 2 are absent and are present in C. amazonica. Additionally, in C. sinclairi sp. nov. the left epandrial lamella is twice longer than wide, and the left surstylus is shorter than half width of the left lamella, while in C. amazonica the left epandrial lamella is about as long as wide, and the left surstylus is as long as the basal width of the left epandrial lamella.

Chvalaea masneri Ale-Rocha, 2006 (Figs 14, 15, 17, 42, 50, 53) Chvalaea masneri Ale-Rocha, 2006: 26, figs 27���32, 40. Type-locality: Chulumani, Apa-Apa, La Paz, Bolivia. Diagnosis. As in Ale-Rocha (2006), plus frons narrow (at mid-length narrower than width of anterior ocellus) (Fig. 14). Veins M 1 and M 4 reaching the wing margin (Fig. 50). Hind femur slightly clavate. Fore and mid tarsomeres 3��� 4 and hind tarsomeres 3���5 ventrally with short, blunt, black spine-like setae. Type material examined. PARATYPES: Bolivia. La Paz, Chulumani, Apa-Apa, 16��22���S, 67��30���W, 1��� 4.v.1997, 1800 m, L. Masner s.s. B-09 (7 ♂, INPA). Remarks. In the original description, a photo of the wing of C. masneri was presented (Ale-Rocha 2006, fig. 40), which highlighted the sinuosity near the apex of vein R 1 as diagnostic of the species. After re-examining the paratypes and a photo of the holotype, we noted that vein R 1 is not so sinuous near the apex and does not run closely to R 2+3 (Fig. 50) as previously described, indicating that the wing in Ale-Rocha (2006) does not belong to this species. Therefore, we provide here a new wing photograph of a male paratype. Geographical distribution. This species is known from Bolivia (La Paz) and Guatemala (Sacatepequez) (Fig. 53)., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2019, Neotropical Chvalaea Papp & F��ldv��ri (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae): new records, an illustrated key to species and description of three new species, pp. 347-362 in Zootaxa 4571 (3) on pages 355-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2612703, {"references":["Ale-Rocha, R. (2006) First description of species of Chvalaea Papp & Foldvari from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae). Zootaxa, 1167, 17 - 30."]}

Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): Neotropical Chvalaea Papp & Földvári (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae): new records, an illustrated key to species and description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (3): 347-362, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.3.3

Chvalaea amazonica Ale-Rocha, 2006 (Figs 2, 18, 19, 21, 37, 45, 53) Chvalaea amazonica Ale-Rocha, 2006: 19, figs 1���10, 37. Type locality: Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Pico da Neblina, Amazonas, Brazil. Diagnosis. As in Ale-Rocha (2006), plus antenna with postpedicel about 2.5 times length of scape and pedicel combined (Fig. 21). Apical pair of scutellar setae long and strong, about 3 times longer than lateral scutellar setae. Wing with veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 45). Hind femur slightly clavate. Hind tarsomeres 2���5 with short, blunt and black ventral spine-like setae (Fig. 19). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀, labelled: BRASIL, Amazonas, S. [anta] Izabel [do] R.[io] Negro, Pico da Neblina, 8���12.x.1990 / 2030 m, Arm [adilha] Malaise, J.A. Rafael [&] J. Vidal / Hol��tipo, Chvalaea amazonica Ale-Rocha [red label] (INPA). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1 ♂, 3 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. This species is known from Brazil (Amazonas) and Peru (Cuzco) (Fig. 53)., Published as part of Barros, Luana Machado, Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota, Freitas-Silva, Rafael Augusto Pinheiro De & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2019, Neotropical Chvalaea Papp & F��ldv��ri (Diptera: Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae): new records, an illustrated key to species and description of three new species, pp. 347-362 in Zootaxa 4571 (3) on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2612703, {"references":["Ale-Rocha, R. (2006) First description of species of Chvalaea Papp & Foldvari from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae). Zootaxa, 1167, 17 - 30."]}