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Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora sp. nov., is described, illustrated and compared with other Rhamphoriopsis species. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and molecular data analyses. Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora can be distinguished from other Rhamphoriopsis species by its caespitose conidiophores closely packed together but not forming synnemata, and aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoidal to obovoid, aguttulate conidia.

Stictidaceae was formally introduced as a group of saprotrophic discomycetes. The majority of Stictidaceae species are documented and described from Europe, North America and South America. In contrast, knowledge on stictidaceous fungi in African and Asian continents is lacking. In this study, a novel saprophytic species, Phacidiella kunmingensis sp. nov. was discovered from dead woody twigs in Yunnan Province, China. The new species was described based on its sexual morph, which is characterized by apothecial ascomata, yellow disc, white-pruinose margin, crystalline exciple, filiform paraphyses, cylindrical asci and filiform, multiseptate, non-disarticulating ascospores. Its taxonomic position was inferred using phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, mtSSU and rpb2 sequence and further confirmed by morphological studies.

Pseudomonodictys aquatica was found on a submerged decaying wood from freshwater habitat in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Based on phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF1-α sequence data, Pseudomonodictys aquatica is introduced as a new species and it is the first report of sexual morph in this genus. Pseudomonodictys aquatica is characterized by semi-immersed to immersed, globose to subglobose ascomata, clavate, short pedicellate asci and fusiform to cylindrical, (6)–8-septate, hyaline ascospores that are enlarged at the 4th-middle cells and surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Morphological characters of the species are compared with the similar taxa in Parabambusicolaceae. The detailed description and illustration of the new species are provided.

A new species, Chlorociboria daliensis, was discovered on decayed decorticated wood in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Chlorociboria daliensis can be distinguished from other Chlorociboria species by the colour of their discs which are light blue when fresh, pale yellowish-green, green or dark green when dry, branched paraphyses, cylindric or subclavate asci with J+, apical ring in Melzer’s reagent, elongate-ellipsoidal ascospores, and tomentum hyphae which are mostly absent. Phylogenetic analyses based on nLSU and ITS sequence data showed that C. daliensis forms a monophyletic group with a 99% maximum likelihood bootstrap support. The results of the pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test revealed no significant genetic recombination (Φw = 1.0) between the closely related C. daliensis and C. poutoensis. The current study introduces the new species, C. daliensis, with a detailed description, illustrations, and a taxonomic key for Chlorociboria.

Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora C.G. Lin, K.D. Hyde & Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF557044, Facesoffungi number: FoF02361; Fig. 2 Etymology: In reference to the hyaline conidia. Holotype: HKAS 105140. Saprobic on decaying wood. Sexual morph undetermined. Asexual morph hyphomycetous. Colonies effuse, black, hairy; under a dissecting microscope the upper part of each conidiophore is seen to be covered with a white powdery mass of conidia. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed. Conidiophores 40.0–145.0 × 2.0–3.5 μm (av. = 90.0 × 2.5 μm, n = 25), macronematous, caespitose, closely packed together but not forming synnemata, unbranched, sometimes branched, straight or flexuous, smooth-walled, thin-walled, aseptate to septate, cylindrical, subulate, dark brown at the base, paler towards the apex, rarely reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 23.0–115.0 × 1.5–3.0 μm (av. = 48.0 × 2.0 μm, n = 25), polyblastic, integrated, terminal becoming intercalary, cylindrical, tapering apically, sympodial, with numerous indistinctive denticles, hyaline to pale brown. Conidia 2.0–3.7 × 1.8–2.6 μm (av. = 2.8 × 2.1 μm, n = 40), solitary, acropleurogenous, simple, dry, smooth, thin-walled, aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoidal to obovoid. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on WA within 96 h. Colonies on PDA circular, white-brown, reaching a diam. of 1.5–2 cm in 40 days at 28°C. Material examined: CHINA. Guizhou Province: Qiannan Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Dushan County, Guizhou Zilinshan National Forest Park (Shengou District), on decaying wood, 6 July 2018, Chuan-Gen Lin, DS 1-46 (HKAS 105140, holotype; MFLU 19–2848, isotype), ex-type living culture GZCC 18-0056; ibid., DS 1-66 (HKAS 105149, paratype; MFLU 19–2849), living culture GZCC 18-0066. Notes: Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora differs from other Rhamphoriopsis species by its caespitose, subulate conidiophores closely packed together but not forming synnemata, and producing aguttulate, aseptate, hyaline conidia. Phylogenetically, two isolates of Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora form a separate clade (Fig. 1) and it can be recognized as phylogenetically distinct species and we introduce it as new species in this study., Published as part of Lin, Chuan-Gen, Liu, Jian-Kui, Chukeatirote, Ekachai & Hyde, Kevin D., 2023, Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora sp. nov. associated with decaying wood from China, pp. 245-253 in Phytotaxa 598 (3) on pages 248-249, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7970000

Microfungi associated with palm are a significant fungal group with a unique ecological niche and a broad distribution in tropical regions. Even though many fungal species have been reported from palm hosts, studies on fungi from Arenga tremula are considerably few. In this study, we isolated a saprobic Botryosphaeriaceae species on A. tremula, collected from Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), small subunit nuclear rRNA gene (SSU),part of the large subunit nuclear rRNA gene (LSU) and translation elongation factor 1−alpha gene (tef 1-α). Based on phylogenetic results and morphology we introduced Neodeightonia arengae sp. nov., with species description and illustrations. In addition, we provide a comparison of morphological characters of currently accepted Neodeightonia species. This is the first report of a Neodeightonia species associated with Arenga tremula and so represents an additional contribution to the knowledge of fungi associated with palm trees.

During a survey of rubber tree plantations in Yunnan Province, China, a fungus growing on natural rubber latex was collected and isolated. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, tef-α and rpb2 genes showed the isolated taxon belongs to Wiesneriomycetaceae and was well separated from closely related genera with high statistical support. It can be differentiated from other genera in Wiesneriomycetaceae by synnemata with catenate conidia that are cylindrical, 0–4 to multi-septate, often with a dark brown band at the septa. Morphology, phylogenetic analyses and pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) tests provide evidence that the new isolate is a distinct genus. The genus Heveicola is introduced, with H. xishuangbannaensis as the type species. A key to the genera in Wiesneriomycetaceae is also provided.

Microsphaeropsis minima (W.J.Li & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. Neomicrosphaeropsis minima W.J.Li & K.D.Hyde, Fungal Diversity 80: 39 (Hyde et al. 2016). MYCOBANK. — MB 841490. DESCRIPTION See Hyde et al. (2016). NOTES Hyde et al. (2016) introduced Neomicrosphaeropsis minima as a saprobic fungus isolated from dead stems of Verbascum sp. (Scrophulariaceae) in Italy. In our analyses (Fig. 1), this species is related to Microsphaeropsis and transferred to this genus. SNP analysis of M. minima (W.J.Li & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. with Neomicrosphaeropsis species showed a difference of 0.6% (3/521 bp) in the LSU region and 3% (13/431 bp) in the ITS., Published as part of Artand, Saeid, Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi, Tabein, Saeid, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2022, Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran, pp. 159-175 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (7) on pages 165-166, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7815336, {"references":["HYDE K. D., HONGSANAN S., JEEWON R., BHAT D. J., MCKEN- ZIE E. H. C., JONES E. B. G., PHOOKAMSAK R., ARIYAWANSA H. A., BOONMEE S., ZHAO Q., RICHTER C., THONGBAI B., STADLER M. & ZHU L. 2016. - Fungal diversity notes 367 - 490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 80: 1 - 270."]}

Microsphaeropsis cytisi (W.J.Li & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi W.J.Li & K.D.Hyde, Fungal Diversity 80: 38 (Hyde et al. 2016). MYCOBANK. — MB 841487. DESCRIPTION See Hyde et al. (2016). NOTES Hyde et al. (2016) introduced Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi for a saprobic fungus isolated from dead stem of Cytisus sp. (Fabaceae) in Italy. The analyses of combined LSU, ITS, tub 2 and rpb 2 sequence data for the Microsphaeropsis complex revealed that the type strain of Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi (MFLUCC 13-0396) clustered within Microsphaeropsis lineage (Fig. 1). Therefore, we transfer Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi to Microsphaeropsis. Nucleotide comparison of Microsphaeropsis cytisi (W.J.Li & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. with Neomicrosphaeropsis species showed a difference of 0.6% (3/521 bp) in the LSU region, 3% (13/431 bp) in the ITS and 10.5% (46/438 bp) in the rpb 2.

Paramicrosphaeropsis zagrosensis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (Fig. 5) HOLOTYPE. — Iran. Lorestan Province, Aligudarz, Zaz and Mahroo (forest mountains of Moolish), from leaf spot of Quercus brantii, IX.2020, S. Artand (holo-, IRAN [18144 F]; ex-type cultures, IRAN [4448 C] = SCUA-Ar-B10 A). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Iran. Lorestan Province, Aligudarz, Zaz and Mahroo (forest mountains of Moolish), from stem canker of Crataegus sp., IX.2020, S. Artand (SCUA-Ar-Z1 B). ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to the Zagros forest, where this fungus was collected. MYCOBANK. — MB 841495. DESCRIPTION Asexual morphology Pycnidia scattered and irregular, solitary or confluent, superficial on the medium or in aerial mycelium, sometime semiimmersed in the agar, globose to subglobose, covered with hyphal outgrowths, with inconspicuous ostiole, brown to dark brown with a paler wall, (80.4-)128.3-147.5(-214.4) × (78-)119.3-135.7(-205) µm, (x ± SD = 138.4 ± 4.8 × 128 ± 4.2 µm, n = 50). Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, composed of isodiametric to elongated cells, 3-5 layers, pale brown to brown, outer layers darker and pigmented. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, discrete, subglobose or bottle-shaped. Conidia mostly globose to subglobose but also broadly ellipsoidal, ovate-ellipsoidal or irregular in shape, pale brown to brown, straight or sometimes very slightly curved, smooth- and thin-walled, guttulate, aseptate, (3.2-)5.4-6.0(-7.4) × (2.6-)3.8-4.1(-5.3) µm, (x ± SD = 5.7 ± 0.2 × 4.0 ± 0.1 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores and swelling cells not observed. Sexual morphology Not observed., Published as part of Artand, Saeid, Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi, Tabein, Saeid, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2022, Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran, pp. 159-175 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (7) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7815336

Paramicrosphaeropsis pistacicola M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (Fig. 3) HOLOTYPE. — Iran. Khuzestan Province, Dezful, Sardasht (forest mountains of Saland-Kooh), from leaf spot of Pistacia khinjuk, III.2021, S. Artand (holo-, IRAN [18145 F]; ex-type cultures, IRAN [4449 C] = SCUA-Ar-SK11 A). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Iran. Khuzestan Province, Dezful, Sardasht (forest mountains of Saland-Kooh), from leaf spot of Pistacia atlantica, III.2021, S. Artand (IRAN [4450 C] = SCUA-Ar-SK1D). ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to the host genus Pistacia L. from which it was isolated. MYCOBANK. — MB 841493. DESCRIPTION Asexual morphology Pycnidia scattered and irregular, mostly solitary, sometimes confluent, superficial on the medium or in aerial mycelium, globose to subglobose, occasionally flask-shaped, glabrous or covered with some hyphal outgrowths, with inconspicuous ostiole, rarely with a conspicuous ostiole, brown to dark brown with a paler wall, (78-)113.2-127(-208) × (53.6-)91.3-103.9 (-187.6) µm, (x ± SD = 120.5 ± 3.5 × 97.6 ± 3.1 µm, n = 50). Pycnidial wall prosenchymatous and pseudoparenchymatous, composed of branched hyphae and elongated cells, 3-12 layers, sometimes wall layers do not completely enclose conidiomata and the conidia can be seen through hyphal network, pale brown to brown. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, discrete, globose to subglobose. Conidia mostly subglobose to ellipsoidal but also ovoid, obpyriform or irregular in shape, pale brown to brown, straight or slightly curved, smooth- and thin-walled, guttulate, aseptate, (4.2-)5.5-6.2 (-8.4) × (3.2-)3.9-4.2(-5.3) µm, (x ± SD = 5.8 ± 0.2 × 4.1 ± 0.1 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores and swelling cells not observed. Sexual morphology Not observed., Published as part of Artand, Saeid, Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi, Tabein, Saeid, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2022, Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran, pp. 159-175 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (7) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7815336

Genus Microsphaeropsis Höhn. Hedwigia 59: 267 (Höhnel 1917). NOTES Microsphaeropsis was introduced by Höhnel (1917), with M. olivacea (Bonord.) Höhn. as the type species. This genus is characterised by immersed or erumpent, subglobose, solitary or confluent, ostiolate pycnidia with a wall of textura angularis; phialidic, hyaline, ampulliform to doliiform or subcylindrical conidiogenous cells and a thin-walled, smooth or finely roughened, 0-1-septate conidia (Chen et al. 2015).

Genus Heteromicrosphaeropsis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., gen. nov. TYPE SPECIES. — Heteromicrosphaeropsis ononidicola (Thambug., Camporesi & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward. ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to Microsphaeropsis which is morphologically similar but phylogenetically different. MYCOBANK. — MB 841486. DESCRIPTION Conidiomata pycnidial, immersed or erumpent, globose to subglobose, solitary or confluent, uni- to bi-loculate, ostiolate. Pycnidial wall of light to dark brown textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, cylindrical, discrete or integrated. Conidia thin- and smooth-walled, hyaline to yellowish brown, aseptate, obovoid to ellipsoidal, straight, and sometimes guttulate.

Heteromicrosphaeropsis ononidicola (Thambug., Camporesi & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. Microsphaeropsis ononidicola Thambug., Camporesi & K.D.Hyde, Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 8: 220 (Thambugala et al. 2018). MYCOBANK. — MB 841491. DESCRIPTION See Thambugala et al. (2018). NOTES Microsphaeropsis ononidicola was introduced with the description of a saprobic strain (MFLUCC 15-0459) isolated from dead aerial stems of Ononis spinosa L. (Fabaceae) in Italy (Thambugala et al. 2018). In the phylogenetic analyses of the present study (Fig. 1), this species is distant from the Microsphaeropsis lineage and other genera in the Microsphaeropsis complex. Therefore, a new genus Heteromicrosphaeropsis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate this species. Nucleotide comparison of Heteromicrosphaeropsis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., gen. nov. with Microsphaeropsis species revealed a difference of 0.6% (3/521 bp) in the LSU region, 2.6% (11/431 bp) in the ITS and 11% (22/198 bp) in the tub 2. However, this new genus is morphologically similar to Microsphaeropsis but phylogenetically different.

Paramicrosphaeropsis salandica M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (Fig. 4) HOLOTYPE. — Iran. Khuzestan Province, Dezful, Sardasht (forest mountains of Saland-Kooh), from fruit rot of Crataegus sp., III.2021, S. Artand (holo-, IRAN [18137 F]; ex-type cultures, IRAN [4376 C] = SCUA-Ar-SZ8 C2). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Khuzestan Province, Dezful, Sardasht (forest mountains of Saland-kooh), from leaf spot of Quercus brantii, III.2021, S. Artand (IRAN [4453 C] = SCUA-Ar-SB5 A); from leaf spot of Ziziphus sp., III.2021, S. Artand (IRAN [4456 C] = SCUA-Ar-S4D1 and IRAN [4454 C] = SCUA-Ar-S4D2); from leaf spot of Nerium oleander, III.2021, S. Artand (IRAN [4455 C] = SCUA-Ar-SKH13 B); from leaf spot of an unknown shrub., III.2021, S. Artand (SCUA-Ar-S9 C 2). ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to the Saland-Kooh Mountains, where this fungus was collected. MYCOBANK. — MB 841494. DESCRIPTION Asexual morphology Pycnidia scattered and irregular, solitary or confluent, superficial on the medium or in aerial mycelium, globose to subglobose, covered with hyphal outgrowths, with inconspicuous ostiole, brown to dark brown with a paler wall, (107.2-)167.9-198.5 (-321.6) × (93.8-)153-174.9(-268) µm, (x ± SD = 184.4 ± 7.5 × 163.9 ± 5.6 µm, n = 50). Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, composed of isodiametric to elongated cells, 3-6 layers, pale brown to brown, outer layers darker. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, discrete, ampulliform or doliiform.Conidia mostly ovoid to obpyriform but also irregular in shape, pale brown to brown, straight or sometime very slightly curved, smooth- and thin-walled, guttulate, aseptate, (4.7-)5.9-6.5(-9.5) × (3.2-)4.6-5.2(-6.8) µm, (x ± SD = 6.2 ± 0.1 × 4.9 ± 0.1 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores and swelling cells not observed. Sexual morphology Not observed., Published as part of Artand, Saeid, Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi, Tabein, Saeid, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2022, Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran, pp. 159-175 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (7) on page 168, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7815336

Paramicrosphaeropsis amygdalus M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (Fig. 2) HOLOTYPE. — Iran. Khuzestan Province, Dezful, Shahiyoon (forest mountains of Segeryoo), from stem canker of Amygdalus scoparia, I.2019, S. Artand (holo-, IRAN [18146F]; ex-type living culture, IRAN [4451C] = SCUA-Ar-KS3-3). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Khuzestan Province, Dezful, Sardasht (forest mountains of Saland-Kooh), from stem canker of Amygdalus scoparia, III.2021, S. Artand (IRAN [4452C] = SCUA-Ar-SB2A); from leaf spot of an unknown tree, III.2021, S. Artand (SCUA-Ar-S6A). ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to the host genus Amygdalus L. from which it was isolated. MYCOBANK. — MB 841492. DESCRIPTION Asexual morphology Pycnidia scattered and irregular, solitary or aggregated, superficial on the medium or in aerial mycelium, globose to subglobose, sometime with a short neck, covered with hyphal outgrowths, usually inconspicuous ostiole, sometime with a conspicuous ostiole, slightly papillate or non-papillate, brown to dark brown with a paler wall, (107.2-)159.6-186.6(-268) × (102.2-)144.1-166.4(-241.2) µm, (x ± SD = 173.7 ± 6.7 × 155.6 ± 5.7 µm, n = 50). Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, composed of isodiametric to elongated cells, 3-6 layers, pale brown to brown, outer layers darker. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, discrete, ampulliform or doliiform. Conidia mostly ovoid to ellipsoidal but also allantoid, or irregular in shape, pale brown to brown, straight or curved, smooth- and thin-walled, guttulate, aseptate, (3.7-)5.9-6.9(-10.5) × (3.2-)4.0-4.3(-5.8) µm, (x ± SD = 6.3 ± 0.3 × 4.2 ± 0.1 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores and swelling cells not observed. Sexual morphology Not observed., Published as part of Artand, Saeid, Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi, Tabein, Saeid, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2022, Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran, pp. 159-175 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (7) on page 166, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7815336

Neohormodochis septispora D. P. Wei & K. D. Hyde, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Index Fungorum number: IF 559772 Faces of Fungi number: FoF12298 Etymology: The epithet “ septispora ” refers to the septate conidia. Holotype: China, Yunnan Province, Kunming, Panlong district, Kunming Institute of Botany, on an unidentified dead twig, 31 March 2021, Cuijinyi Li, KLCJY54 (HKAS 124171, holotype), (KUNCC 22-10806, ex-type culture). Saprobic on an unidentified dead twigs. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 165–360 × 140–340 (x̄ = 282 × 252, n = 10) μm, perithecial, immersed, conical to subglobose, white-pruinose, gregarious, with olivaceous green content. Conidiomatal wall 11–30 (x̄ = 19, n = 30) μm, consisting of hyaline, intricate hyphae, being encompassed by a layer of irregularly-shaped crystals. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cell 3.5–10 × 0.8–2.4 (x̄ = 7 × 1.6, n = 25) μm, arising from stromatic cells, hyaline, cylindrical, thin-walled, the first conidium becoming conidiogenous by apical wall-building to form connected chain. Conidia 7.6–12 × 2–3.8 (x̄ = 9.5 × 3.3, n = 40) μm, hyaline, ellipsoidal, two-celled, occasionally asepate, slightly curved, arranged in branched chain. Culture characteristics: isolates were obtained from germinating conidia. Colony slow-growing, reaching 2 cm after 8 weeks on PDA, white, circular, mycelia dense, velvety, reverse creamy-yellow. Additional materials examined: China, Yunnan Province, Kunming, Panlong district, Heilongtan Park, 31 March 2021, Cuijinyi Li, HLCJY57 (HKAS 124172), (KUNCC22-10807, living culture); HLCJY58 (HKAS 124174), (KUNCC22-10808, living culture); HLCJY59 (HKAS 124173), (KUNCC22-10809, living culture); ibid. Songhuaba reservoir, 11 December 2021, De-Ping Wei, SHB1225 (HKAS 124170), (KUNCC22-10810, living culture). Notes: Phylogenetically, Neohormodochis septispora has a sister affiliation to a clade comprising Hormodochis aggregata, H. melanochlora and H. eucalypti (Figure 1). Morphologically, N. septispora is similar with H. aggregata by catenulate conidia but differs by the hyaline, ellipsodial and septate conidia while it is olivaceous brown, subcylindrical to doliiform, and aseptate in the latter (Crous et al. 2020a). Hormodochis melanochlora is distinct by erumpent, globose, brown conidiomata that are immersed, conical to globose, white-pruinose from N. septispora (Crous et al. 2020a). Hormodochis eucalypti (syn. Phacidiella eucalypt) has dark brown to black conidiomata and subcylindrical to barrel-shaped conidia that are dramatically different from N. septispora (Crous et al. 2007, 2020b)., Published as part of Wei, De-Ping, Gentekaki, Eleni, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Hyde, Kevin D., To-Anun, Chaiwat & Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, 2022, Neohormodochis septispora gen. et sp. nov. (Stictidaceae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 247-261 in Phytotaxa 573 (2) on pages 254-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7349970, {"references":["Crous, P. W., Schumacher, R. K., Wood, A. R. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2020 a) The Genera of Fungi - G 5: Arthrinium, Ceratosphaeria, Dimerosporiopsis, Hormodochis, Lecanostictopsis, Lembosina, Neomelanconium, Phragmotrichum, Pseudomelanconium, Rutola, and Trullula. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 5: 77 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / fuse. 2020.05.04","Crous, P. W., Mohammed, C., Glen, M., Verkley, G. J. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2007) Eucalyptus microfungi known from culture. 3. Eucasphaeria and Sympoventuria genera nova, and new species of Furcaspora, Harknessia, Heteroconium and Phacidiella. Fungal Diversity 25: 19 - 36.","Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Chooi, Y. H., Gilchrist, C. L., Lacey, E., Pitt, J. I., Roets, F., Swart, W. J., Cano-Lira, J. F., Valenzuela-Lopez, N. & Hubka, V. (2020 b) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042 - 1111. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 44: 301 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2020.44.11"]}

Phacidiella kunmingensis D.P. Wei and K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Index Fungorum number: IF559773; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12296. Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China Saprobic on dead twigs. Sexual morph: Apothecia 400–650 × 350–450 (x̄ = 510× 407, n = 5) μm, clustered, immersed, cupulate, opening by a finely large pore. Margin entire to lacerate, white-pruinose, turnup outward. Disc deeply immersed, yellow, splitting away from the margin when dry. Exciple 50–120 (x̄ = 85, n = 30) μm, four-layered, with 1) a prominent accessory thalline margin, 2) a wall extended from subhymenium, of hyaline, thick-walled cell of textura angularis, 3) a crystalliferous layer where crystals are abundant particularly in the upper part and 4) a compact periphysoidal layer (10–17 (x̄ = 13, n = 20) μm) perpendicularly lined with the crystalliferous layer. Subhymenium 30– 45 (x̄ = 36, n = 30) μm, of hyaline, angular cells, J-. Paraphyses 1–2 (x̄ = 1.5, n = 35) μm in width, filiform, numerous, aseptate, apically branched, enlarged, circinate, J- or faintly J +, not gelatinous, as long as asci. Marginal paraphyses not observed. Asci 200–260 × 4.5–7.5 (x̄ = 233 × 5.8, n = 25) μm, eight-spored, cylindrical, slightly tapering toward the base, thick-walled, with a thick apex. Ascus cap 3.5–5 × 3–5 (x̄ = 4.2 × 3.9, n = 20) μm, round, pierced by a pore. Ascospores 125–230 × 1–1.8 (x̄ = 184 × 1.3, n = 20) μm, filiform, multiseptate, flexuous, non-disarticulating, no contraction at septa, the interval cell 4.8–10 (x̄ = 6.6, n = 35) μm in length. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Spores were germinated at 25 °C after two days. Colonies on PDA growing slowly, reaching 2.2 cm in diameter after 53 days. The colony was pale creamy yellow at center and white at the periphery. It was circular, cotton, slightly raised, with an entire margin and dense mycelia, reverse yellow, with radiation stripes. No pigments were produced in agar. Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Panlong district, forest near Songhuaba reservoir, 11 December 2021, on dead twigs of an unidentified deciduous host, De-Ping Wei, SHB1226 a (HKAS 124175, holotype), (KUNCC 22-10811, ex-type living culture), ibid. SHB1226 b (HKAS 124176), (KUNCC 22-10812, living culture). Notes: BLASTn results (accessed on 18 May 2022) of the LSU sequence of Phacidiella kunmingensis revealed 95.5% similarity to P. alsophilae (accession no. MT373344), 94% to P. podocarpi (accession no. NG_058118) and 96% to Fitzroyomyces yunnanensis (accession no. MZ781317). The ITS sequence revealed 88.35% similarity to P. alsophilae (accession no. MT373361), 84.68% to P. podocarpi (accession no. KP004453), and 82.11% to Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (accession no. MK499349). The mtSSU sequence revealed 92.06% similarity to Fitzroyomyces hyaloseptisporus (accession no. MZ868911), 92.21% to F. yunnanensis (accession no. MZ781329) and 88.89% to Carestiella socia (accession no. AY661678). In the phylogenetic tree, Phacidiella kunmingensis is sister to P. alsophilae and P. podocarpi with strong support (98% MLBS/ 100% PP, Figure 1). It is impossible to compare the morphology of P. kunmingensis with known Phacidiella species because the latter are known exclusively from their asexual morphs. A nucleotide comparison between P. kunmingensis and P. alsophilae shows that there are 69 bp differences (including 32 gaps) and 86 bp differences (including 27 gaps) across 1003 bp of LSU and 735 bp of ITS region, respectively. Phacidiella kunmingensis differs from P. podocarpi in 90 bp (including 51 gaps) in the LSU (1035 bp) and 139 bp (including 38 gaps) in the ITS (820 bp)., Published as part of Wei, De-Ping, Gentekaki, Eleni, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Hyde, Kevin D., To-Anun, Chaiwat & Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, 2022, Taxonomy and morphology of Phacidiella kunmingensis sp. nov. (Stictidaceae) from southwest China, pp. 70-84 in Phytotaxa 573 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7329515

Phacidiella P. Karst., Hedwigia 23: 85 (1884) amended Saprobic on various plants i.e. Asteraceae (Artemisia vulgaris), Rubiaceae (Asperula asperne), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus sp.), Podocarpaceae (Podocarpus latifolius), Salicaceae (Salix caprea, S. viminalis), and Vitaceae (Vitis vinifera) (Li et al. 2020). Sexual morph: Apothecia clustered, immersed, cupulate, opening by a finely large pore. Margin entire to lacerate, white-pruinose, turnup outward. Disc deeply immersed, yellow, splitting away from the margin when dry. Exciple, four-layered; 1) prominent accessory thalline margin, 2) wall extended from subhymenium, of hyaline, thickwalled cell of textura angularis, 3) crystalliferous layer where crystals are abundant particularly in the upper part and 4) compact periphysoidal layer that perpendicularly lined with the crystalliferous layer. Subhymenium comprised of hyaline, angular cells, J-. Paraphyses filiform, numerous, aseptate, apically branched, enlarged, circinate, J- or faintly J +, not gelatinous, as long as asci. Asci eight-spored, cylindrical, slightly tapering toward the base, thick-walled, with a thick apex. Ascus cap round, pierced by a pore. Ascospores filiform, multiseptate, flexuous, non-disarticulating, no contraction at septa. Asexual morph: see Sutton (1980) and Li et al. (2020). Type species: Phacidiella salicina P. Karst., Hedwigia 23: 85 (1884) Notes: The nomenclature and composition of Phacidiella have been subjected to multiple revisions and ultimately six asexual species remain in this genus (Smerlis 1962, Li et al. 2020). Historically, the sexual morph of Phacidiella has been linked to Phacidiopycnis (syn. Potebniamyces) (Smerlis 1962, Johnston et al. 2014) and Pyrenopeziza (Sutton 1980), but these connections have not been verified by cultures and molecular data. Potebniamyces is characterized by ellipsoidal to globose, carbonaceous apothecia, cylindrical asci and guttulate, aseptate, ellipsoidal-fusoid ascospores. Pyrenopeziza is a speciose genus, containing more than 300 epithets, while the comprehensive taxonomic analysis of this genus is lacking (Crous et al. 2017). Pyrenopeziza was featured with blackish, cupulate, hairy apothecia, cylindricalclavate asci, aseptate, ellipsoidal-clavate ascospores (Fuckel 1870). In this study, we have obtained a collection from China, which was isolated from its sexual morph. In the DNA-based sequence data analyses of combined ITS, LSU, mtSSU and rpb2 sequences, the new taxon forms a clade with P. alsophilae and P. podocarpi. Thus, we determine the taxonomic placement of our new taxa in this genus and amended the generic description to accommodate its sexual morphic characteristics. The ascospore morphology of our new species is filiform, multiseptate, dramatically differing from those in Phacidiopycnis and Pyrenopeziza. The findings suggest that Phacidiella is not congeneric with Phacidiopycnis and Pyrenopeziza., Published as part of Wei, De-Ping, Gentekaki, Eleni, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Hyde, Kevin D., To-Anun, Chaiwat & Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, 2022, Taxonomy and morphology of Phacidiella kunmingensis sp. nov. (Stictidaceae) from southwest China, pp. 70-84 in Phytotaxa 573 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7329515, {"references":["Li, W. J., McKenzie, E. H., Liu, J. K. J., Bhat, D. J., Dai, D. Q., Camporesi, E., Tian, Q., Maharachchikumbura, S. S., Luo, Z. L., Shang, Q. J. & Zhang, J. F. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100: 279 - 801. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00440 - y","Sutton, B. C. (1980) The Coelomycetes: Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, 696 pp.","Smerlis, E. (1962) Taxonomy and morphology of Potebniamyces balsamicola sp. nov. associated with a twig and branch blight of balsam fir in Quebec. Canadian Journal of Botany 40: 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / b 62 - 034","Johnston, P. R., Seifert, K. A., Stone, J. K., Rossman, A. Y. & Marvanova, L. (2014) Recommendations on generic names competing for use in Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota). IMA Fungus 5: 91 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.5598 / imafungus. 2014.05.01.11","Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Burgess, T. I., Carnegie, A. J., Hardy, G. E. StJ., Smith, D., Summerell, B. A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Guarro, J., Houbraken, J., Lombard, L., Martin, M. P., Sandoval-Denis, M., Alexandrova, A. V., Barnes, C. W., Baseia, I. G., Bezerra, J. D. P., Guarnaccia, V., May, T. W., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Stchigel, A. M., Miller, A. N., Ordonez, M .. E, Abreu, V. P., Accioly, T., Agnello, C., Agustin Colman, A., Albuquerque, C. C., Alfredo, D. S., Alvarado, P., Araujo-Magalhaes, G. R., Arauzo, S., Atkinson, Thomas., Barili, A., Barreto, R. W., Bezerra, J. L., Cabral, T. S., Camello Rodriguez, F., Cruz, R. H. S. F., Daniels, P. P., da Silva, B. D. B., de Almeida, D. A. C., de Carvalho Junior, A. A., Decock, C. A., Delgat, L., Denman, S., Dimitrov, R. A., Edwards, J., Fedosova, A. G., Ferreira, R. J., Firmino, A. L., Flores, J. A., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Giraldo, A., Gois, J. S., Gomes, A. A. M., Goncalves, C. M., Gouliamova, D. E., Groenewald, M., Gueorguiev, B. V., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmao, L. F. P., Hosaka, K., Hubka, V., Huhndorf, S. M., Jadan, M., Jurjevic, Z., Kraak, B., Kucera, V., Kumar, T. K. A., Kusan, I., Lacerda, S. R., Lamlertthon, S., Lisboa, W. S., Loizides, M., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lyskova, P., Mac Cormack, W. P., Macedo, D. M., Machado, A. R., Malysheva, E. F., Marinho, P., Matocec, N., Meijer, M., Mesic, A., Mongkolsamrit, S., Moreira, K. A., Morozova, O. V., Nair, K. U., Nakamura, N., Noisripoom, W., Olariaga, I., Oliveira, R. J. V., Paiva, L. M., Pawar, P., Pereira, O. L., Peterson, S. W., Prieto, M., Rodriguez-Andrade, E., Rojo De Blas, C., Roy, M., Santos, E. S., Sharma, R., Silva, G. A., Souza-Motta, C. M., Takeuchi-Kaneko, Y., Tanaka, C., Thakur, A., Smith, M. T. H., Tkalcec, Z., Valenzuela- Lopez, N., van der Kleij, P., Verbeken, A., Viana, M. G., Wang, X. W. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 625 - 715. Persoonia 39: 270 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2017.39.11","Fuckel, L. (1870) Symbolae mycologicae. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Rheinischen Pilze. Jahrbucher des Nassau Vereins fur Naturkd 23 - 24: 1 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 47117"]}

Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis Kular. & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF559350; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10620, FIGURE 4 Etymology:—referring to the host genus, Rhapis. Pathogenic, associated with leaf spots of Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) A. Henry, appearing as scattered, brown spots. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetes. Conidiomata 150–225 × 225–300 µm (x̅ = 200 × 280 µm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary, scattered, immersed, covered with transparent epidermal tissues, uniloculate, subglobose, black, ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate. Pycnidial wall 20–25 µm wide, consisting of 4–7 layers of brown, thick-walled, compressed cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduce to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 7–10 × 13–17 µm (x̅ = 9 × 15 µm, n = 20), phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, doliiform. Conidia 20–25 × 10–15 µm (x̅ = 22 × 13 µm, n = 20), oblong to obovoid, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, thin-walled. Colony characters— Colonies on PDA incubating at 25 °C in dark, attenuated 2 cm after 2 weeks, circular, flat, smooth margin, slightly raised in the middle, white, without pigments in the media; reverse off-white. Cultures not sporulate within 30 days. Material examined— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou city, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering (23°06’28.4”N 113°16’51.6”E), as leaf spots of Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae), 20 May 2021, N.D. Kularathnage, NDK 30-1 (ZHKU 21-0010, holotype), ex-type living culture ZHKUCC 21-0124; ibid. NDK 30-2, (ZHKU 22-0004, isotype), ex-type living culture ZHKUCC 22-0004. Disease Symptoms—Leaf-spots were observed on most of the leaves and mainly seen at the leaf margin and along the veins. The border of the spots was sometimes surrounded by a black line. Conidiomata were scattered in leaf-spots. Notes—The combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef- 1 α multilocus analysis showed that our Pseudocoleophoma strain, P. rhapidis is phylogenetically closely related to P. bauhiniae and P. flavescens. However, P. rhapidis forms a distinct subclade with moderate support, sister to P. bauhiniae. The comparison of the DNA sequence of ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef-1α loci of Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis with P. bauhiniae revealed base pair differences of 18/526, 5/859, 12/1026 and 72/928 respectively. Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis was collected from leaf spots on Rhapis excelsa while P. bauhiniae and P. flavescens were collected from decaying pods of Bauhinia sp. and soil of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) field respectively (Jayasiri et al. 2019, Li et al. 2020). Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis differs from P. bauhinia in having oblong, aguttulate, large conidia while P. bauhinia has elongate, guttulate, small conidia. Pseudocoleophoma flavescens has small conidiomata and small conidia while P. bauhinia has large conidiomata and conidia (TABLE 4). Our species is the first report of a Pseudocoleophoma species collected from China. Based on morphology and phylogeny, we introduce this strain as a new species, Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis. Pathogenicity tests for Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis The inoculated leaf tissues began to show symptoms ten days after inoculation. Initial symptoms were small, circular, brown spots that expanded slowly (FIGURE 5). None of the control plants showed any disease symptoms. Disease symptoms on the host inoculated with mycelial plugs appeared later than on leaves inoculated with a conidial suspension. Leaf spots on inoculated plants were smaller than on naturally infected plants. The temperature was 15–25 °C during the test with no rainfall. The pathogen was re-isolated from the leaf spots resulting from inoculation by both methods. The culture characteristics of the re-isolated strains were consistent with the inoculated strain and ITS sequences of those strains were identical to the inoculated strain, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Conidiomata similar to the holotype were observed in microscope examination of leaf spots., Published as part of Kularathnage, Nuwan D., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Senanayake, Indunil C., Yang, Yunhui, Manawasinghe, Ishara S., Phillips, Alan J. L., Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei & Song, Jiage, 2022, Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China, pp. 149-169 in Phytotaxa 568 (2) on pages 158-162, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7192811, {"references":["Barr, M. E. (1984) Herpotrichia and its segregates. Mycotaxon 20: 1 - 38.","Chen, C. Y. & Hsieh, W. H. (2004) Byssosphaeria and Herpotrichia from Taiwan, with notes on the taxonomic relationship between these two genera. Sydowia 56: 24 - 38.","Li, W. Y. & Zhuang, W. Y. (2008) Notes on the genus Byssosphaeria (Melanommataceae) from China. Mycosystema 27: 48 - 53.","Tennakoon, D. S., Jeewon, R., Chang-Hsin, K. & Hyde, K. D. (2018) Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius. Phytotaxa 364 (3): 211 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Phytotaxa. 364.3.1","Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bhat, D. J., Boonmee, S., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., McKenzie, E. H. C., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Shenoy, B. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Buyck, B., Chen, J., Chethana, K. W. T., Singtripop, C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Daranagama, D. A., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., D'souza, M. J., Fan, X. L., Goonasekara, I. D., Hirayama, K., Hongsanan, S., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Karunarathna, S. C., Li, W. J., Mapook, A., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K. L., Perera, R. H., Persoh, D., Pinruan, U., Senanayake, I. C., Somrithipol, S., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K. M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Udayanga, D., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wanasinghe, D., Wisitrassameewong, K., Zeng, X. Y., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Adamcik, S., Bahkali, A. H., Boonyuen, N., Bulgakov, T., Callac, P., Chomnunti, P., Greiner, K., Hashimoto, A., Hofstetter, V., Kang, J. C., Lewis, D., Li, X. H., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. Y., Matsumura, M., Mortimer, P. E., Rambold, G., Randrianjohany, E., Sato, G., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V., Tian, C. M., Verbeken, A., von Brackel, W., Wang, Y., Wen, T. C., Xu, J. C., Yan, J. Y., Zhao, R. L. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal Diversity Notes 1 - 110: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72: 1 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0324 - y","Barr, M. E. (1990) Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). In: North American Flora. Series (II). New York Botanical Garden, New York, 129 pp.","Tian, Q., Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Wanasinghe, D. N., Boonmee, S., Jayasiri, S. C., Luo, Z. L., Taylor, J. E., Phillips, A. J. L., Bhat, D. J., Li, W. J., Ariyawansa, H., Thambugala, K. M., Jones, E. B. G., Chomnunti, P., Bahkali, A. H., Xu, J. C. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological reappraisal of Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). Fungal Diversity 74: 267 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0350 - 9","Samuels, G. J. & Muller, E. (1978) Life-history studies of Brazilian ascomycetes 4. Three species of Herpotricia and their pyrenochaetalike anamorphs. Sydowia 31: 157 - 168.","Jayasiri, S. C., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., Mckenzie, E., Jeewon, R., Phillips, A. J. L., Bhat, D. J., Wanasinghe, D. N., Liu, J. K., Lu, Y. Z., Kang, J. C., Xu, J. & Karunarathna, S. C. (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10 (1): 1 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 10 / 1 / 1","Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H. & Sato, G. (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2015.10.002","Phukhamsakda, C., McKenzie, E. H. C., Phillips, A. J. L., Jones, E. B. G., Bhat, D. J., Stadler, M., Bhunjun, C. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Thongbai, B., Camporesi, E., Ertz, D., Jayawardena, R. S., Perera, R. H., Ekanayake, A. H., Tibpromma, S., Doilom, M., Xu, J. C. & Hyde, K. D. (2020) Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Diversity 102: 1 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00448 - 4","Hyde, K. D., Hongsanan, S., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D. J., McKenzie, E. H. C., Jones, E. B. G., Phookamsak, R., Ariyawansa, H. A., Boonmee, S., Zhao, Q., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Banmai, S., Chomnunti, P., Cui, B. K., Daranagama, D. A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M. C., de Silva, N. I., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., Ekanayaka, A. H., Baptista, G. T., Goes-Neto, A., Huang, SK., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Konta, S., Lee, H. B., Li, W. J., Lin, C. G., Liu, J. K., Lu, Y. Z., Luo, Z. L., Manawasinghe, I. S., Manimohan, P., Mapook, A., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., Papizadeh, M., Perera, R. H., Phukhamsakda, C., Richter, C., de A. Santiago, A. L. C. M., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Senanayake, I. C., Tanaka, K., Tennakoon, D. S., Thambugala, K. M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Thongbai, B., Vizzini, A., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wu, HX., Yang, J., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Bulgakov, T. S., Camporesi, E., Bahkali, A. H., Amoozegar, M. A., Araujo-Neta, L. S., Ammirati, J. F., Baghela, A., Bhatt, R. P., Bojantchev, D., Buyck, B., da Silva, G. A., de Lima, C. L. F., de Oliveira, R. J. V., de Souza, C. A. F., Dai, Y. C., Dima, B., Duong, T. T., Ercole, E., Mafalda-Freire, F., Ghosh, A., Hashimoto, A., Kamolhan, S., Kang, J. C., Karunarathna, S. C., Kirk, P. M., Kytovuori, I., Lantieri, A., Liimatainen, K., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, X. Z., Lucking, R., Medardi, G., Mortimer, P. E., Nguyen, T. T. T., Promputtha, I., Anil Raj, K. N., Reck, M. A., Lumyong, S., Shahzadeh-Fazeli, S. A., Stadler, M., Soudi, M. R., Su, H. Y., Takahashi, T., Tangthirasunun, N., Uniyal, P., Wang, Y., Wen, T. C., Xu, J. C., Zhang, Z. K., Zhao, Y. C., Zhou, J. L. & Zhu, L. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367 - 500: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 80: 1 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 016 - 0373 - x","Tennakoon, D. S., Bhat, D. J., Chang-Hsin, K. & Hyde, K. D. (2019) Leaf litter saprobic Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes): Pseudocoleophoma zingiberacearum sp. nov. from Hedychium coronarium. Kavaka 53: 1 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.36460 / Kavaka / 53 / 2019 / 1 - 7"]}

Pseudomonodictys aquatica D.F. Bao, K.D. Hyde & Z.L. Luo, sp. nov. FIGURE. 2 Index Fungorum number: IF 559715; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11439 Etymology:—referring to the aquatic habitat of this fungus. Holotype:— MFLU 22–0079 Saprobic on submerged decaying wood. Sexual morph: Ascomata 230–335 µm high, 210–350 µm diam, solitary, scattered, semi-immersed to erumpent, visible as raised, globose to subglobose, black, ostiolate. Ostiole short papillate, with an irregular pore-like opening, brown to dark brown. Peridium composed of several layers of brown to dark brown cells of textura agularis, outer layers merged with the host tissues. Hamathecium composed of 2–3 µm wide, dense, filamentous, branched, septate, hyaline, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci (120–)130–161(–180) × 20–23 µm (x̅ = 145.8 × 22.8 µm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 40–48(–52) × 8–10 µm (x̅ = 44.2 × 8.9 µm, n = 35), overlapping, 2–3-seriate, fusiform to cylindrical with round ends, slightly curved, (6–)8-septate, strongly constricted at the septa, narrow towards the both ends, enlarged at the 4 th and 5 th cells from the apex, smooth-walled, hyaline, with small guttules, surrounded by a distinct, thick, mucilaginous sheath (3–8 µm wide). Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: —Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 h. Reach 30 mm diam. in 30 days at room temperature, surface rough, with dense mycelia, dry, grey at the margin and center, dark grey to dark brown at the middle from above; grey at the margin and dark brown at middle from below; not producing pigmentation in culture. Material examined: — Thailand, Chiang Rai Province, on decaying wood submerged in a small stream, 7 March 2021, D. F. Bao, 2 CR 17 (MFLU 22–0079, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 22–0018. Thailand, Chiang Rai Province, on decaying wood submerged in a small stream, 7 March 2021, D. F. Bao, 2 CR 19 (KUN-HKAS 124177, paratype); living culture, MFLUCC 22–0019., Published as part of Bao, Dan-Feng, Hongsanan, Sinang, Hyde, Kevin D., Luo, Zong-Long & Nalumpang, Sarunya, 2022, Pseudomonodictys aquatica sp. nov., the sexual morph of Pseudomonodictys from freshwater habitats, pp. 222-232 in Phytotaxa 567 (3) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7156679

Pseudomonodictys Doilom, Ariyaw., Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 75, 88 (2015) Saprobic on dead wood in freshwater or terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary, scattered, semi-immersed to erumpent, visible as raised, globose to subglobose, black, ostiolate. Ostiole short papillate, with an irregular porelike opening, brown to dark brown. Peridium composed of several layers of brown to dark brown cells of textura agularis, merged with the host tissues. Hamathecium composed of dense, filamentous, branched, septate, hyaline, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping, 2–3-seriate, fusiform to cylindrical with round ends, slightly curved, multi septate, strongly constricted at the septa, narrow towards the both ends, enlarged at the middle cells, smooth-walled, hyaline, with small guttules, surrounded by a distinct, thick, mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: See Ariyawansa et al (2015). Notes: Pseudomonodictys was known only from its asexual morph and the characteristics of sexual morph were unknown. In this study, we reported a sexual species Pseudomonodictys aquatica based on phylogenetic evidences. Pseudomonodictys clustered with Aquastroma, Lonicericola, Multilocularia, Paramonodictys and Paratrimmatostroma in Parabambusicolaceae (FIGURE 1). Morphologically, Pseudomonodictys is similar to the sexual genera Aquastroma, Lonicericola and Multilocularia in having clavate asci with an ocular chamber and fusiform to vermiform, multiseptate ascospores with an entire sheath. However, Pseudomonodictys can be distinguished from Aquastroma and Multilocularia by the ascospores. Ascospores of Pseudomonodictys are 2–3-seriate, fusiform to cylindrical with round ends, strongly constrict at the septa and enlarged at the middle cells. While, ascospores of Aquastroma are clavate to fusiform, with a supramedian primary septum, slightly constricted at septa (Tanaka et al. 2015) and Multilocularia has 1–2-seriate, ellipsoidal ascospores which are slightly constricted at the central septum (Li et al. 2016). Pseudomonodictys is different from the asexual genera Paramonodictys and Paratrimmatostrom in having muriform, top-shaped, reddish-brown to dark brown conidia with a protruding basal cell; truncate to slightly rounded at the base. The conidia of Paramonodictys are globose or subglobose, olivaceous brown to dark brown, broadly rounded at apex whereas Paratrimmatostrom has helicoid, cylindrical, sigmoid, or reniform conidia., Published as part of Bao, Dan-Feng, Hongsanan, Sinang, Hyde, Kevin D., Luo, Zong-Long & Nalumpang, Sarunya, 2022, Pseudomonodictys aquatica sp. nov., the sexual morph of Pseudomonodictys from freshwater habitats, pp. 222-232 in Phytotaxa 567 (3) on pages 226-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7156679, {"references":["Ariyawansa, H. A., Hyde, K. D., Jayasiri, S. C., Buyck, B., Chethana, K. W. T., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Daranagama, D. A., Jayawardena, R. S., Lucking, R., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Niskanen, T., Thambugala, K. M., Voigt, K., Zhao, R. L., Li, G. J., Doilom, M., Boonmee, S., Yang, Z. L., Cai, Q., Cui, Y. Y., Bahkali, A. H., Chen, J., Cui, B. K., Chen, J. J., Dayarathne, M. C., Dissanayake, A. J, Ekanayaka, A. H., Hashimoto, A., Hongsanan, S., Jones, E. B. G., Larsson, E., Li, W. J., Li, Q. R., Liu, J. K., Luo,. Z. L., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E. H. C., Nor-phanphoun, C., Konta, S., Pang, K. L., Perera, R. H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Pinruan, U., Randrianjohany, E., Singtripop, C., Tanaka, K., Tian, C. M., Tibpromma, S., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wijayawardene, N. N., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, H., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Wedin, M., Westberg, M., Ammirati, J. F., Bulgakov, T. S., Lima, D. X., Callaghan, T. M., Callac, P., Chang, C. H., Coca, L. F., Dal-Forno, M., Dollhofer, V., Fliegerova, K., Greiner, K., Griffith, G. W., Ho, H. M., Hofstetter, V., Jeewon, R., Kang, J. C., Wen, T. C., Kirk, P. M., Kytovuori, I., Lawrey, J. D., Xing, J., Li, H., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, X. Z., Liimatainen, K., Thorsten, L. H., Matsumura, M., Moncada, B., Nuankaew, S., Parnmen, S., Santiago, A. L. C. M. A., Sommai, S., Song, Y., de Souza, C. A. F., de Souza-Motta, C. M., Su, H. Y., Suetrong, S., Wang, Y., FongWS, Y. H., Zhou, L. W., Reblova, M., Fournier, J., Camporesi, E., Luangsaard, J. J., Tasanathai, K., Khonsanit, A., Thanakitpipattana, D., Somrithipol, S., Diederich, P., Millanes, A. M., Common, R. S., Stadler, M., Yan, J. Y., Li, X. H., Lee, H. W., Nguyen, T. T. T., Lee, H. B., Battistin, E., Marsico, O., Vizzini, A., Vila, J., Ercole, E., Eberhardt, U., Simonini, G., Wen, H. A., Chen, X. H., Miettinen, O. & Spirin, V. (2015) Fungal diversity notes 111 - 252 taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 75: 1 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0346 - 5","Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Sato, G., Toriyabe, A., Kudo, H., Hashimoto, A., Matsumura, M., Harada, Y., Kurihara, Y., Shirouzu, T., Hosoya, T. (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in mycology 82: 75 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2015.10.002","Li, G. J., Hyde, K. D., Zhao, R. N., Hongsanan, S., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Alvarado, P., Alves-Silva, G., Ammirati, J. F., Ariyawansa, H. A., Baghela, A., Bahkali, A. H., Beug, M., Bhat, D. J., Bojantchev, D., Boonpratuang, T., Bulgakov, T. S., Camporesi, E., Boro, M. C., Ceska, O., Chakraborty, D., Chen, J. J ,, Chethana, K. W. T., Chomnunti, P., Consiglio, G., Cui, B. K., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Daranagama, D. A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M. C., Crop, E. D., De Oliveira, R. J. V., de Souza, C. A. F., de Souza, J. I., Dentinger, B. T. M., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., GhobadNejhad, M., Gilmore, S. P., Goes-Neto, A., Gorczak, M., Haitjema, G. H., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Hashimoto, A., He, M. Q., Henske, J. K., Hirayama, K., Iribarren, M. J., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeon, S. J., Jeronimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jones, E. B. G., Kang, J. C., Karunarathna, S. C., Kirk, P. M., Konta, S., Kuhnert, E., Langer, E., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. B., Li, W. J., Li XH, Liimatainen K, Lima DX, Lin CG, Liu JK, Liu XZ, Liu ZY, Luangsa-ard JJ, Lucking R, Lumbsch HT, Lumyong S, Leano EM, Marano AV, Matsumura M, McKenzie, E. H. C., Mongkolsamrit, S., Mortimer, P. E., Nguyen, T. T. T., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., O'Malley, M. A., Parnmen, S., Pawlowska, J., Perera, R. H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L. A., Raspe, O., Reck, M. A., Rocha, S. C. O., de Santiago, A. L. C. M. A., Senanayake, I. C., Setti, L., Shang, Q. J., Singh, S. K., Sir, E. B., Solomon, K. V., Song, J., Srikitikulchai, P., Stadler, M., Suetrong, S., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, L. P., Thambugala, K. M., Thanakitpipattana, D., Theodorou, M. K., Thongbai, B., Thummarukcharoen, T., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Vlasak, J., Voigt, K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, Y., Weerakoon, G., Wen, H. A., Wen, T. C., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wongkanoun, S., Wrzosek, M., Xiao, Y. P., Xu, J. C., Yan, J. Y., Yang, J., Yang, S. D., Hu, Y., Zhang, J. F., Zhao, J., Zhou, L. W., Persoh, D., Phillips, A. J. L. & Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N. (2016) Fungal divers notes 253 - 366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 78: 1 - 237. http: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 016 - 0366 - 9"]}

Leptosphaeria chatkalica, found on dead stems of dicotyledon from Chatkal ridge of Western Tien Shan Mountains in Uzbekistan, is presented as a novel species based on morphological details and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic relationships of the novel species were established by analyzing the combined sequence data of LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1-α in Maximum parsimony, Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Leptosphaeria chatkalica is characterized by perithecial ascomata, club-like pedicel asci and yellowish-brown, 3-septate, fusiform ascospores with a mucilaginous sheath. A comprehensive characterization and micro-graphs, together with a comparison with other Leptosphaeria species are given.

A survey of microfungi in the mountain areas of Uzbekistan revealed several specimens of cucurbitaria-like taxa. In this paper, one new species of Cucurbitaria is described based on a polyphasic approach, including morphological examination and molecular phylogeny. We compared the sexual morph (ascomata, asci, and ascospores) of the specimens collected with known species of Cucurbitaria and carried out multi loci (LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1-α) phylogenetic analyses. Cucurbitaria berberidicola sp. nov. is morphologically closely related to Cucurbitaria berberidis (the generic type) and C. oromediterranea. The sequence-based analyses verified a clear distinction, hence supporting the introduction of the new species.

A dead woody sample of Acer sp. with fungal fruiting bodies was collected in Pu’er City of Yunnan Province. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, SSU, and tef1-α sequence data showed that our collection belongs to Montagnula and is well separated from all other extant species. Montagnula puerensis is compared with all extant species by morphological characteristics, culture characteristics, host, and location information and is the first report of Montagnula from the host genus Acer.

Industrial soil contamination negatively affects flora and fauna in the soil. Nevertheless, some fungi have the ability to survive in such polluted soils. In this study, we isolated fungal strains from polluted soils in industrialized areas of Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. Fungal strains underwent morphological observations, subjected to phylogenetic analyses and subsequently described using morphological characterizations and multigene phylogenetic inferences. The molecular data of partial nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (LSU, SSU and ITS) and protein-coding genes (tef1-α, rpb2 and btub) were used to resolve the phylogeny of newly generated sequences. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were constructed to clarify phylogenetic affinities. Based on the biphasic approach of incorporating morphology and molecular data, we introduce one new species, Juxtiphoma yunnanensis sp. nov. (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales), two new records viz. Lecanicillium dimorphum (J.D. Chen) Zare & W. Gams (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier (Microascaceae, Microascales) inhabit polluted soils in China.

A novel hyphomycetous genus collected from submerged wood in a freshwater stream in Thailand is introduced. The fungus is similar to Tetraplosphaeriaceae species in having subglobose conidial body and elongated setose appendages arising from conidial body. However, its unique combination of macronematous conidiophores and conidia composed with several columns of cells differs it from other genera in Tetraplosphaeriaceae. The phylogenetic analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data indicated that our two strains formed a distinct lineage in the family and they cannot be assigned to any existing genera. Therefore, we introduce a new genus Aquatisphaeria to accommodate the new taxa with A. thailandica as the type species. The detailed description, illustration and comparison with related taxa are provided.

Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci S. Q. Tian, R. Xu & Phukhams., sp. nov. FIGURE. 2 Index Fungorum number: — IF559721 Etymology: —Name refers the host, Eleutherococcus brachypus Holotype: — HMJAU 60189 Saprobic on dead leaves of Eleutherococcus brachypus. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 130–150 × 190–280 μm (x̄ = 140 × 235 μm), pycnidia, sub - globose, depressed, solitary or aggregated, erumpent to semi - immersed, brown to dark brown. Ostioles 36 µm long, 12 µm width, conical, central, brown, spore discharge from the slit-like ostioles of the pycnidia. Conidiophores indistinct, often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–20 × 3–7 μm (x̄ = 16.3 × 4.6 μm), apex 2–5 μm diam, discrete, lageniform to subcylindrical, collarette flared, hyaline, smooth, proliferating once or twice. Conidia (21–)22–27(–28) × (5–)5.5–6.5(–7) μm, (x̄ ± SD = 24.7 ± 1.8 × 6 ± 0.6 μm), fusoid, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, 3–4 septate; Two or three median cells (11–)13–18(–19) μm long, (x̄ ± SD = 15.7 ± 1.8 μm), (second cell from the base 3–6 μm long; third cell 3–4 μm long; fourth cell 5–7 μm long), doliiform to subcylindrical, wall rugose, concolourous, golden brown, septa darker than the rest of the cell; Apical cell 4–6.5 μm long, obconic with an acute apex, hyaline, thin and smooth walled, with 2–4 tubular appendage, the median appendage 6–21 μm long, apical appendage 10–19 μm long, attenuated, arising just above the septum of the apical cell and upper median cell, unbranched, hyaline. Basal cell 3–5μm long, narrowly obconic with a truncate base, hyaline, thin and smooth-walled, one basal appendage, 4–8 μm long, single, centric, tubular, hyaline, unbranched. Culture characteristics: —Colonies on PDA reaching 60–70 mm diam after seven days at 25˚ C, sporulating after two weeks of incubation. Cultures from above, dense, round, umbonate, papillate, fluffy, grey with white aerial mycelium; reverse brownish, radiating white to the edge, cream at the margin. Material examined: — CHINA, Jilin Province: Changchun, from leaves of Eleutherococcus brachypus (Araliaceae), 18 April 2021, S.Q. Tian and C. Phukhamsakda, T 02 (HMJAU 60189, holotype); ex - type living culture CCMJ5009, isotype = HMJAU 60190; ex - isotype living culture CCMJ5010. Notes: —The multi - gene phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, tef 1 - α, and tub 2 sequence data showed that Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) is closely related to Pestalotiopsis lijiangensis with strong bootstrap support (ML / MP /BPP: 96%/97%/1.00). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the ITS sequence of P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) was 98.28% similar across 99% of the query sequence to P. lijiangensis (CNUZ 118), which translates into 97.29% similarity. There was 1.92% (11/573) base differences in the ITS region of P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) and P. lijiangensis (CNUZ 118), excluding gaps. The closest match of the tub 2 sequence of P. eleutherococci was 89.21% similar across 93% of the query sequence to P. dianellae (CBS 143421), which translates into 82.07% similarity. There were 6.12% (35/571) and 12.17% (57/468) base differences in the ITS and tub 2 genes of P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) and P. dianellae (CBS 143421), excluding gaps. Morphologically, P. eleutherococci is similar to P. pallidotheae, a species described from Japan, but P. pallidotheae has more (2–5 vs. 2–4) and longer apical appendages than P. eleutherococci (12– 39 μm vs. 10–19 µm) (Watanabe et al. 2010). Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) is morphologically similar to P. lijiangensis in the shape of conidia (Crous et al. 2017, Zhou et al. 2018). However, the appendages (10–19 µm vs. 14–25 µm in P. lijiangensis) and median cells of P. eleutherococci are smaller (second cell from the base 3–6 μm vs. 4.5–5.5 µm; third cell 3–4 μm vs. 4–5.1 µm; fourth cell 5–7 μm vs. 6–7.4 µm). The basal appendage is longer in P. lijiangensis (10–19 μm vs. 14–25 µm, 4–8 μm vs. 2–6 µm) and the conidial length/ width ratio of P. eleutherococci is almost 1.38 times larger than of P. lijiangensis (4.1 vs 2.96 in the conidial length/width ratio). The third cell of Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci, P. lijiangensis and P. montellica are 0.6–0.78 times compare to the other cells, while the third cell of P. jesteri is 1.1 times larger than the other cells in the conidia (Strobel et al. 2000). Pestalotiopsis jesteri also has knobbed apical appendages, while P. eleutherococci, P. montellica and P. lijiangensis have unbranched apical appendage. A comparison of the ITS sequences shows that P. eleutherococci (HMJAU 60189) differs by 11 nucleotides from P. lijiangensis, 26 nucleotides from P. jesteri (CBS 109350) and 25 nucleotides from P. montellica (MFLUCC 12 - 0279). Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci differs by 54 nucleotides from P. jesteri and P. montellica, excluding gap in the tub 2 region. There were 4.64% (26/560 bases) and 10.62% (54/508) base differences in the ITS and tub 2 genes between P. eleutherococci and P. jesteri, excluding gaps. There were 4.46% (25/560) and 10.4% (54/519) base differences in the ITS and tub 2 genes of P. eleutherococci and P. montellica, excluding gaps. Therefore, Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci is introduced as a novel species., Published as part of Tian, Shangqing, Xu, Rong, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Su, Wenxin, Hyde, Kevin D., Li, Yu, Fu, Yongping & Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, 2022, Combination of morphological and molecular data support Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci (Sporocadaceae) as a new species, pp. 105-120 in Phytotaxa 566 (1) on pages 113-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7103520, {"references":["Watanabe, K., Motohashi, K. & Ono, Y. (2010) Description of Pestalotiopsis pallidotheae: a new species from Japan Mycoscience 51 (3): 182 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10267 - 009 - 0025 - z","Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Burgess, T. I., Carnegie, A. J., Hardy, G. E. S. J., Smith, D., Summerell, B. A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Guarro, J., Houbraken, J., Lombard, L., Martin, M. P., Sandoval-Denis, M., Alexandrova, A. V., Barnes, C. W., Baseia, I. G., Bezerra, J. D. P., Guarnaccia, V., May, T. W., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Stchigel, A. M., Miller, A. N., Ordonez, M. E., Abreu, V. P., Accioly, T., Agnello, C., Agustin Colman, A., Albuquerque, C. C., Alfredo, D. S., Alvarado, P., Araujo-Magalhaes, G. R., Arauzo, S., Atkinson, T., Barili, A., Barreto, R. W., Bezerra, J. L., Cabral, T. S., Camello Rodriguez, F., Cruz, R. H. S. F., Daniels, P. P., da Silva, B. D. B., de Almeida, D. A. C., de Carvalho Junior, A. A., Decock, C. A., Delgat, L., Denman, S., Dimitrov, R. A., Edwards, J., Fedosova, A. G., Ferreira, R. J., Firmino, A. L., Flores, J. A., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Giraldo, A., Gois, J. S., Gomes, A. A. M., Goncalves, C. M., Gouliamova, D. E., Groenewald, M., Gueorguiev, B. V., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmao, L. F. P., Hosaka, K., Hubka, V., Huhndorf, S. M., Jadan, M., Jurjevic, Z., Kraak, B., Kucera, V., Kumar, T. K. A., Kusan, I., Lacerda, S. R., Lamlertthon, S., Lisboa, W. S., Loizides, M., Luangsa-Ard, J. J., Lyskova, P., Mac Cormack, W. P., Macedo, D. M., Machado, A. R., Malysheva, E. F., Marinho, P., Matocec, N., Meijer, M., Mesic, A., Mongkolsamrit, S., Moreira, K. A., Morozova, O. V., Nair, K. U., Nakamura, N., Noisripoom, W., Olariaga, I., Oliveira, R. J. V., Paiva, L. M., Pawar, P., Pereira, O. L., Peterson, S. W., Prieto, M., Rodriguez-Andrade, E., Rojo De Blas, C., Roy, M., Santos, E. S., Sharma, R., Silva, G. A., Souza-Motta, C. M., Takeuchi-Kaneko, Y., Tanaka, C., Thakur, A., Smith, M. T., Tkalcec, Z., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., van der Kleij, P., Verbeken, A., Viana, M. G., Wang, X. W. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 625 - 715. Persoonia 39: 270 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2017.39.11","Zhou, Y. K., Li, F. P. & Hou, C. L. (2018) Pestalotiopsis lijiangensis sp. nov., a new endophytic fungus from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 133 (3): 513 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 133.513","Strobel, G., Li, J. Y., Ford, E., Worapong, J., Baird, G. I. & Hess, W. M. (2000) Pestalotiopsis jesteri sp. nov. an endophyte from Fragraea bodenii, a common plant in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea. Mycotaxon 76: 257 - 266."]}

Backusella solicola V.G Hurdeal & E. Gentekaki, sp. nov. FIGURES 1 and 2 MycoBank: MB844700 Typification: THAILAND, Chiang Rai province, Mae Suai district, elevation 1052 m, 19°47’19.9”N, 99°33’23.3”E, July 2021, soil from a coffee farm, collected by Eleni Gentekaki and isolated by Vedprakash G. Hurdeal (Holotype MFLU 22-0123; ex-type living culture MFLUCC 22-0067). GenBank: 28S = ON892503; ITS = ON899832. Diagnosis: The protologue of B. gigacellularis (de Souza et al. 2014) described this species with larger sporangia (40–131 μm vs 35.5–71.5 µm diam) and sporangiospores (9–39×5.5–19.5 μm vs 11–14.5×8–10.5 µm) than B. solicola. Furthermore, B. solicola produces unispored sporangiola (rare), as opposed to its sister taxa, whereby this character was not observed in B. gigacellularis culture. Backusella solicola also produces larger multispored sporangiola (22.5– 31.5 × 22.5–35 µm vs 23 μm) and slightly larger columellae (27.5–54.5 × 22–35 µm vs 9.4–53×8.2–46 μm) than B. gigacellularis. The sexual stages of B. solicola to B. gigacellularis were not compared as in both species this stage was not observed. Molecular phylogeny also supported these morphological differences. In all phylogenetic analyses, B. solicola and B. gigacellularis were segregated with high statistical support. The genetic distance in the ITS regions of these two taxa is around 15 %, and gives more resolution to the species delimitation. Etymology: epithet refers to the source from which the fungus was isolated. Description: Asexual morph on MEA at 25 °C for 3-5 days. Substrate mycelia contain inflated regions with brown droplets ending with rhizoid-like filaments. Sporangiophores hyaline to pale brown, variable in length, undulate, transitorily curved when young and erect at maturity, 4.5–17 µm wide (x = 11.5 µm, n = 40), simple or sympodially branched, with a septum occasionally observed below the sporangium. Sporangiophores frequently broader at the base and then tapering slightly near the base of the sporangium. Sporangia pale brown to brown, globose, 34.5–67.5× 35.5–71.5 µm (x = 47.5× 48.5 µm, n = 30), minutely spinulose. Columellae hyaline, subglobose, ellipsoidal, oblong to cylindrical (often constricted in the centre), pyriform, conical, non-collapsing, 27.5–54.5 × 22–35 µm (x = 41.5 × 30.5 µm, n = 30), smooth-walled; collar short (FIG. 2 L–Q). Sporangiola multispored, rarely unispored, pale brown to brown, globose to subglobose, often produced in short sympodially branched sporophores, 22.5–31.5 × 22.5–35 µm (x = 25 × 26µm, n = 30), containing 4–8 sporangiospores each; wall persistent and spinulose (FIG. 2I, J). Columellae of sporangiola hyaline, smooth-walled subglobose or conical. Sporangiospores hyaline to pale, brown ellipsoidal and few irregularly shaped, 11–14.5× 8–10.5 µm (x = 12.5× 9.5 µm, n = 40). Chlamydospores and rhizoids present. Sexual morph was not observed. Culture characteristics as observed in MEA and PDA: In MEA, initially (day 1-24 hours post-inoculation), at 15-28 °C, the colony morphology is flat, moist and yeast-like with only few strands of hyphae observed. On day 2, the morphology remains the same at 15-25 °C. After day 3 at 28 °C, the colony is white and fluffy with both horizontal and lateral growth. At 25 °C, the colony front is white and the reverse white to pale yellow. Initially (day 1-2), mostly single branches were observed (tall sporangiophores with terminal sporangium), but with maturity sympodial branches were also observed. As the culture matures, sporangiophores with dark brown sporangia and sporangiola are observed. In PDA (in all tested temperatures), colony white with fluffy and cottony appearance with both lateral and horizontal growth. Lateral growth observed from the point of inoculation but absent at the perimeter of the culture. Both simple and sympodially branched sporangiophores were observed. As the colony matures (day 2 onwards), the colony front and reverse remain white with small dark spots (the sporangia) visible with the naked eye. Mostly simple branches of the sporophores observed but sympodial branches were present as well. The sporangiophores were undulate and some erect. Growth characteristics in MEA: Growth in MEA was slightly faster than in PDA whereby at day 3 the fungus completely covered the inoculated MEA plate in most temperatures (20-28 °C) tested. At day 1, more reproductive structures such as sporangia were observed in MEA than PDA at 20 °C. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 15-28 °C. No growth was observed at 4, 8 and 37 °C after 14 days. In all tested temperatures and data obtained from measurements taken after every 24 hours, it was observed that the colony grew faster at 28 °C with better sporulation. Growth characteristics in PDA: Similar to MEA, growth was fastest at 28 °C. Initially (day 1), at low temperature (15 °C), reproductive structures were rare or not produced yet. As the colony matures, a white colony with simple and sympodially branched sporophores were observed. In other temperatures tested, the colony colour and appearance were similar. At temperatures ranging from 20-28 °C, asexual reproductive structures appear within 24 hours post inoculation. The sporangiophores are simple or sympodially branched. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 15-28 °C. No growth was observed at 4 °C, 8 °C and 37 °C after 14 days, Published as part of Hurdeal, Vedprakash G., Gareth Jones, E. B., Santiago, André Luiz C. M. De A., Hyde, Kevin D. & Gentekaki, Eleni, 2022, Expanding the diversity of mucoralean fungi from northern Thailand: novel Backusella species from soil, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 559 (3) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7021741, {"references":["de Souza, J. I., Marano, A. V., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L. A., Chambergo, F. S. & Harakava, R. (2014) A new species of Backusella (Mucorales) from a Cerrado reserve in Southeast Brazil. Mycological Progress 13: 975 - 980. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / S 11557 - 014 - 0981 - 3"]}

Sclerococcum simplex Hawksworth (1979:249) Index Fungorum no. IF323243; Facesoffungi no. FoF 10100 (Fig. 2) Description of the Chinese specimen: Lichenicolous on Pertusaria sp. Colonies forming discrete patches mainly on the ascomata and rarely on thallus of the host. Asexual morph: Sporodochia 95–185 µm diam., 85–155 µm high (x̄ = 140 × 120 μm, n = 10), stromatic, dark brown, subglobose to irregular, immersed to erumpent, aggregated into dense sporodochia. Vegetative hyphae 1.5–5 μm thick, hyaline to brown, septate, slightly constricted at the septa, irregularly branched, immersed in the host thallus. Conidiophore merismatic, not branched, hyaline to pale brown. Conidiogenous cells 2.5–3 μm thick, monoblastic, terminal, integrated, hyaline or pale brown, not very distinct. Conidia 3–7 × 2–5 µm, (x̄ = 5 × 3.5 μm, n = 20), produced in short basipetal chains, separating easily, acrogenous, ellipsoid or angular, light brown to dark brown, thick wall, mainly non-septate, rarely 2-celled, cells separating easily, the resulting part-conidia often more or less triangular, the lower cell often smaller, all parts becoming slightly darker in K. Sexual morph: unknown. Specimens examined. CHINA, Yunnan Province, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-La, (N 27 o 55’ 54.9”, E 099 o 34’ 39.0”, 4045m MSL), on corticolous host thallus of Pertusaria sp., 12 September 2018, V. Thiyagaraja (MFLU 21-0117)., Published as part of Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Ertz, Damien, Hyde, Kevin D., Karunarathna, Samantha C., To-Anun, Chaiwat & Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, 2022, Morphological and phylogenetic reassessment of Sclerococcum simplex from China, pp. 167-175 in Phytotaxa 559 (2) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7021650, {"references":["Hawksworth, D. L. (1979) The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany Series 6: 183 - 300."]}

Crassiparies yunnanensis L. Lu, K.D. Hyde & Tibpromma, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3) Index Fungorum number: IF558827, Facesoffungi number: FoF10578 Etymology:— Refers to the place where the type species was collected. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Pu’er, on dead twigs of coffee, 23 December 2020, Li Lu, MJ-C7 (HKAS 121977, holotype); ex-type KUMCC 21-0215; living culture, isotype KUMCC 21-0348. Saprobic on dead and decaying twigs of Arabica coffee. Sexual morph: Ascomata 90–360 × 130–330 µm (x̅ = 198 × 242 µm, n = 10), scattered, solitary, semi-immersed to immersed, irregular in shape, some globose to subglobose, uni-loculate, with short central ostiole, oozing out orange secretion on the substrate. Peridium 15–35 µm thick, thickwalled, of equal thickness, outer layers hyaline, composed of cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1–2.5 µm wide, composed of numerous, septate, branched, long, hyaline pseudoparaphyses anastomosing at the apex, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 110–300 × 20–30 µm (x̅ = 182 × 23 µm, n = 20), 8-spored, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, hyaline, sometimes with long pedicels up to 110 μm. Ascospores 20–35 × 8–14 µm (x̅ = 28 × 11 µm, n = 30), 1–2 seriate, hyaline, broadly fusiform, smooth-walled, conical at both ends, 1-septate, with upper cell bigger than the lower cell, septum prominent when immature, each cell with a single large guttule when mature. Asexual morph: Mycelium 1.5–3 µm broad (x̅ = 2.2 µm, n = 20), hyaline to pale brown, septate, branched. Chlamydospores apical or intercalary, produced after 120 days of growth on PDA at 28 °C, 6–14 × 6–16 µm (x̅ = 9.8 × 10.8 µm, n = 20), subglobose or elliposidal, thick-walled, colorless when young, light-brown when mature. Culture characteristics:— Ascospores germinated within 12 hours on PDA, colonies grown on PDA at room temperature (20–25 °C), reaching about 35 mm diam. after one month. Colonies circular to irregular, dull surface and wrinkled, yellow-green to brown, aerial hyphae at the edge. Dark green on the reverse, producing a yellow-orange pigment on PDA. Notes:— Based on BLAST search results of ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb 2 and tef sequence data, our collection is closely related to Crassiparies quadrisporus, with similarity rates of NR_148185: 95.2%, LC271241: 97.7%, NG_061267: 99.57%, LC271251: 93.3%, LC271247: 93.5%. Phylogenetic analyses show C. yunnanensis is well-separated from C. quadrisporus with 100% ML, 1.00 BYPP statistical supports (Fig.1). Crassiparies yunnanensis shares morphological similarities with C. quadrisporus but the two species can be distinguished by asci characteristics. Crassiparies quadrisporus has only 2–4 ascospores per ascus, while C. yunnanensis has 8 ascospores and the asci have a long stipe (Li et al. 2016, Tanaka et al. 2017). Hence, based on both morphology and phylogeny, we introduce our collection as a new species of Crassiparies., Published as part of Lu, Li, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Bhat, D. Jayarama, Dai, Dong-Qin, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S. & Tibpromma, Saowaluck, 2022, Crassiparies yunnanensis sp. nov. (Neohendersoniaceae, Pleosporales) from dead twigs of Coffea arabica in China, pp. 244-254 in Phytotaxa 543 (4) on page 248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6479400, {"references":["Li, G. J., Hyde, K. D., Zhao, R. L., Hongsanan, S., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Alvarado, P., Alves-Silva, G., Ammirati, J. f., Ariyawansa, H. A., Baghela, A., Bahkali, A. H., Beug, M., Bhat, D. J., Bojantchev, D., Boonpratuang, T., Bulgakov, T. S., Camporesi, E., Boro, M. C., Ceska, O., Chakraborty, D., Chen, J. J., Chethana, K. W. T., Chomnunti, P., Consiglio, G., Cui, B. K., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Daranagama, D. D. A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M. C., De Crop, E., De Oliveira, R. J. V., de Souza, C. A. F., de Souza, J. I., Dentinger, B. T. M., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Gilmore, S. P., Goes-Neto, A., Gorczak, M., Haitjema, C. H., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Hashimoto, A., He, M. Q., Henske, J. K., Hirayama, K., Iribarren, M. J., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeon, S. J., Jeronimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jones, E. B. G., Kang, J. C., Karunarathna, S. C., Kirk, P. M., Konta, S., Kuhnert, E., Langer, E., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. B., Li, W. J., Li, X. H., Liimatainen, K., Lima, D. X., Lin, C. G., Liu, J. K., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. Y., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lucking, R., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Leano, E. M., Marano, A. V., Matsumura, M., Mckenzie, E. H. C., Mongkolsamrit, S., Mortimer, P. E., Nguyen, T. T. T., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., O'Malley, M. A., Parnmen, S., Pawlowska, J., Perera, R. H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L. A., Raspe, O., Reck, M. A., Rocha, S. C. O., de Santiago, A. L. C. M. A., Senanayake, I. C., Setti, L., Shang, Q. J., Singh, S. K., Sir, E. B., Solomon, K. V., Song, J., Srikitikulchai, P., Stadler, M., Suetrong, S., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, L. P., Thambugala, K. M., Thanakitpipattana, D., Theodorou, M. K., Thongbai, B., Thummarukcharoen, T., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Vlasak, J., Voigt, K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, Y., Weerakoon, G., Wen, H. A., Wen, T. C., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wongkanoun, S., Wrzosek, M., Xiao, Y. P., Xu, J. C., Yan, J. Y., Yang, J., Da Yang, S., Hu, Y., Zhang, J. F., Zhao, J., Zhou, L. W., Persoh, D., Phillips, A. J. L. & Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 253 - 366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 78: 1 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 016 - 0366 - 9","Tanaka, K., Hashimoto, A., Matsumura, M. & Sato, T. (2017) Brevicollum, a new genus in Neohendersoniaceae, Pleosporales. Mycologia 109: 608 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2017.1387432"]}

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) accounting for about 60% of the world’s coffee is popular all over the world as a refreshing beverage and food additive. During surveys of fungi occurring on coffee plants, we collected a species of Neohendersoniaceae on dead twigs of an Arabica coffee plant in Pu’er, Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, rpb2, and tef gene sequences confirmed that our fungus is a distinct new species within Crassiparies. Morphological characteristics also support this taxon to be a novel species in Crassiparies. Full description, photo plate, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species in Crassiparies are provided.

Neodeightonia arengae Y.R. Xiong, Manawas., K.D. Hyde & Z.Y. Dong, sp. nov. (FIGURE 2) Index Fungorum number: IF558659 Facesoffungi number: FoF 10227 Etymology: Epithet refers to the host genus from which the fungus was isolated Holotype: ZHKU 21-0095 Saprobic on leaf of Arenga tremula (Arecaceae). Sexual morph: not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 200���330 ��m length �� 140���190 ��m diam. (x =250 �� 160 ��m, n=10), pycnidial, semi-immersed, solitary, globose, unilocular, black dots, a crack on the surface of the host where the conidiomata is located. Peridium 20���30 ��m (x =21 ��m, n=5), composed of thick-walled, brown-black cells of textura angularis, thin inner wall, almost reduced to conidiogenesis region. Conidiophores reduced to conidogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, holoblastic, rough. Conidia 10���30 ��m �� 10���15 ��m (x =21 �� 11 ��m, n=40), hyaline, subglobose to ellipsoid, aseptate, granular content, one to two large guttules, broadly rounded at both ends, thin-wall without mucilaginous. Culture characters: colonies on PDA reach 7 cm diam. at 28˚C after five days. Upper view wrinkled, filamentous, entire margin, flat, cloudy, fluffy for aerial hyphae, become gray-black with time, dense for aerial hyphae, reverse becomes black. Material examined: CHINA. South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, dead leaves of Arenga tremula (Blanco) Becc., 17 December 2020, Yinru Xiong, (holotype ZHKU 21-0095), living cultures ZHKUCC 21-0074 ex-holotype; ZHKUCC 21-0075, ZHKUCC 21-0076 ex-Paratype. Notes: Three isolates in the present study clustered together with the Neodeightonia species. The taxa from this study form two sister clades to N. palmicola (MFLUCC 10-0822) and N. planchoniae (MFLUCC 17-2427). Neodeightonia planchoniae is a sexual morph and it was characterized by sheaths around the ascospores, while N. arenge is an asexual morph and there was no sheath observed around the conidia. Neodeightonia arengae differs from N. palmicola conidia by the absence of the truncate base, while N. palmicola conidia sometimes appeared truncate at the base (Table 3). Neodeightonia arengae has one or two large guttules in conidia, while the conidia of N. palmicola lack guttules (Liu et al. 2010). The conidia of N. arengae have one morphological stage, hyaline, and aseptate, while the conidia of N. palmicola have two morphological stages initially hyaline. With age, conidia become cinnamon to sepia, forming one septum. Based on these polyphasic approaches we identified our isolates as novel Neodeightonia species., Published as part of Xiong, Yinru, Manawasinghe, Ishara S., Liao, Chunfang, Hyde, Kevin D. & Dong, Zhangyong, 2022, Neodeightonia arengae sp. nov., Botryosphaeriaceous taxa on Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) from Guangdong, China, pp. 130-140 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5832613, {"references":["Liu, J. K., Chomnunti, P., Cai, L., Phookamsak, R., Chukeatirote, E., Jones, E. B. G., Moslem, M., Hyde, K. D. (2010) Phylogeny and morphology of Neodeightonia palmicola sp. nov. from palms. Sydowia 62: 261 - 276. [https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 249968435]"]}

Heveicola xishuangbannaensis R.F. Xu, K.D. Hyde & Tibpromma, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Index Fungorum Number: IF558799; Facesoffungi Number: FOF10491 Holotype:��� HKAS 115759 Etymology:��� named after the location Xishuangbanna where the fungus was first discovered. Saprobic on rubber latex of Hevea brasiliensis. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on natural substrate consisting of long, effuse, dark synnemata, scattered, somewhat hairy, mass of spores all over the surface. Synnemata 850���1000 �� 90���135 ��m (x��=943 �� 112 ��m, n=6), consisting of pale brown to dark brown, cylindrical, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled conidiophores. Conidia 15���40 �� 5���8 ��m (x��=26.6 �� 6.5 ��m, n=20), catenate, cylindrical, 0���4 to multiseptate (on PDA, conidia up to 20-septate), slightly constricted at median septum, rounded at both ends, formed in acropetal chains, initially hyaline, then pale brown to brown, often with a dark brown band at the septa, guttulate, thick- and rough-walled. Culture characteristics:��� cultures on PDA, colonies slow growing, umbonate, curled, smooth, edges brown, dark brown, mycelia 2.5���6 ��m wide, hyaline, septate, conidia 10���70 �� 5���12 ��m (x��=27.7 �� 6.8 ��m, n=30), oblong, up to 20-septate, pale brown to brown, thick- and rough-walled (Fig. 3). Material examined:��� CHINA. Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, on old rubber latex (oozing from the trunk) of Hevea brasiliensis M��ll.Arg., 24 November 2020, Ruifang Xu, XSBNR-07 (HKAS 115759, holotype); ex-type living cultures KUMCC 21-0086. Notes: ��� In the phylogenetic analyses Heveicola xishuangbannaensis forms a monophyletic branch within Wiesneriomycetaceae with strong statistical support (Fig. 1). Heveicola xishuangbannaensis is similar to Speiropsis and Phalangispora in the shape and colour of the conidia, but it can differ in having a dark brown band at the septa and branches. No sexual morph has been reported so far in Wiesneriomycetaceae., Published as part of Xu, Ruifang, Hyde, Kevin D., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Xu, Jian-Chu, Mortimer, Peter E. & Tibpromma, Saowaluck, 2022, Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal a new fungal genus and species from Hevea brasiliensis latex in Yunnan, China, pp. 65-76 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5823947

Key to genera in Wiesneriomycetaceae 1. With setae at the edge of the sporodochium or basal stroma............................................................................................................. 2 1. Without setae at the base of synnemata, sporodochium or stroma..................................................................................................... 4 2. Conidia, hyaline, unbranched............................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Conidia pale-brown, toruliform, with two to three branches...................................................................................... Phalangispora 3. Conidia cylindrical connected by short isthmi separating each................................................................................ Wiesneriomyces 3. Conidia subcylindrical joined by a narrow isthmus........................................................................................... Parawiesneriomyces 4. Conidia hyaline................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 4. Conidia coloured................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 5. Conidia aggregated into heads, narrowly fusiform to lanceolate, septate.......................................................... Pseudogliophragma 5. Conidia aggregated in heads, filiform, with an isthmus at the central septum tapered towards each end..................... Setosynnema 6. Conidia pale to mid-brown, with three to five radiate arms................................................................................................ Speiropsis 6. Conidia brown, 1���4 to multiseptate, with dark brown band at the septa............................................................................ Heveicola, Published as part of Xu, Ruifang, Hyde, Kevin D., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Xu, Jian-Chu, Mortimer, Peter E. & Tibpromma, Saowaluck, 2022, Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal a new fungal genus and species from Hevea brasiliensis latex in Yunnan, China, pp. 65-76 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5823947

Heveicola R.F. Xu, K.D. Hyde & Tibpromma, gen. nov. Index Fungorum Number: IF558798; Facesoffungi Number: FOF10490 Type species:��� Heveicola xishuangbannaensis R.F. Xu, K.D. Hyde & Tibpromma Etymology:��� named after the host genus, Hevea. Saprobic on decaying wood, leaves and rubber latex in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on natural substrate, mass of spores all over the surface. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous, erect, brown to dark brown, cylindrical, septate. Conidia catenate, ellipsoidal or oblong, 0���4 to multi-septate, slightly constricted at median septum, rounded at both ends, formed in acropetal chains, often with a dark brown band at the septa, initially hyaline, pale brown to brown. Notes:��� Asexual morphs of all genera in Wiesneriomycetaceae have conidia produced in acropetal chains. The new genus also has chains of septate conidia, fitting the concept of Wiesneriomycetaceae. Heveicola differs morphologically from other members in Wiesneriomycetaceae (see key below)., Published as part of Xu, Ruifang, Hyde, Kevin D., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Xu, Jian-Chu, Mortimer, Peter E. & Tibpromma, Saowaluck, 2022, Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal a new fungal genus and species from Hevea brasiliensis latex in Yunnan, China, pp. 65-76 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on pages 69-70, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5823947

Ostropomyces Thiyagaraja, L��cking, Ertz & K.D. Hyde, 2021 Ostropomyces was introduced by Thiyagaraja et al. (2021), and the genus has two saprobic members, with O. pruinosellus as the type species. The sexual morph of this genus is characterized by immersed fruiting bodies with long-cylindrical, 4-spored asci and filiform, multi-septate ascospores. The asexual morph is characterized by erumpent pycnidia with ostioles, and filiform conidia which are hyaline, and guttulate at maturity., Published as part of Lu, Li, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Xu, Jianchu, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Lumyong, Saisamorn & Hyde, Kevin D., 2021, Taxonomic and phylogenic appraisal of a novel species and a new record of Stictidaceae from coffee in Yunnan Province, China, pp. 111-124 in Phytotaxa 528 (2) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5778712, {"references":["Thiyagaraja, V., Lucking, R., Ertz, D., Karunarathna, S. C., Wanasinghe, D. N., Lumyong, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) The evolution of life modes in Stictidaceae, with three novel taxa. Journal of Fungi 7 (2): 105. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 7020105"]}

Fitzroyomyces Crous et al., Persoonia 39: 389 (2017) Fitzroyomyces was introduced by Crous et al. (2017) with Fitzroyomyces cyperi as the type species, which was recorded in its asexual state from leaves of Cyperaceae in Australia. The taxon has similar morphological characteristics to Septoria but clustered within Stictidaceae in phylogenetic analyses (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Verkley et al. 2013, Crous et al. 2017). Fitzroyomyces species are saprobic, and the asexual morph characteristics are conidiomata with central ostiole, exuding a creamy conidial mass that comprises hyaline, cylindrical, septate and flexuous conidia (Crous et al. 2017). The sexual morph of F. cyperacearum was recorded from dead stems of Clematis subumbellata and Epilobium angustifolium in Thailand and the U.K. (Ekanayaka et al. 2019, Phukhamsakda et al. 2020). The sexual morph is characterized by cupulate apothecia immersed in the substrate, whitish to cream disc, numerous, long filiform, and aseptate paraphyses, long and hyaline asci, with filiform, multiseptate and hyaline ascospores. Wei et al. (2021) introduced F. hyaloseptisporus and synonymized Stictis pandanicola under Fitzroyomyces based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fitzroyomyces comprises three species, F. cyperacearum, F. pandanicola (= Stictis pandanicola) and F. hyaloseptisporus (Crous et al. 2017, Tibpromma et al. 2018, Wei et al. 2021)., Published as part of Lu, Li, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Xu, Jianchu, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Lumyong, Saisamorn & Hyde, Kevin D., 2021, Taxonomic and phylogenic appraisal of a novel species and a new record of Stictidaceae from coffee in Yunnan Province, China, pp. 111-124 in Phytotaxa 528 (2) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5778712, {"references":["Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Burgess, T. I., Carnegie, A. J., Hardy, G. S. J., Smith, D. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 625 - 715. Persoonia 39: 270. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2017.39.11","Quaedvlieg, W., Verkley, G. J. M., Shin, H. D., Barreto, R. W., Alfenas, A. C., Swart, W. J. & Crous, P. W. (2013) Sizing up Septoria. Studies in Mycology 75: 307 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0017","Verkley, G. J. M., Quaedvlieg, W., Shin, H. D. & Crous, P. W. (2013) A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria. Studies in Mycology 75: 213 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0018","Ekanayaka, A. H., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., Zhao, Q. & Bulgakov, T. S. (2019) New and known discolichens from Asia and eastern Europe. Asian Journal of Mycology 2 (1): 48 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / ajom / 2 / 1 / 2","Phukhamsakda, C., McKenzie, E. H. C., Phillips, A. J., Jones, E. G., Bhat, D. J., Stadler, M. & Hyde, K. D. (2020) Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Diversity 102 (1): 1 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00448 - 4","Wei, D. P., Wanasinghe, D. N., Gentekaki, E., Thiyagaraja, V., Lumyong, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) Morphological and phylogenetic appraisal of novel and extant taxa of Stictidaceae from Northern Thailand. Journal of Fungi 7 (10): 880. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 7100880","Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K. D., McKenzie, E. H. C., Bhat, D. J., Phillips, A. J., Wanasinghe, D. N. & Karunarathna, S. C. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840 - 928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. Fungal Diversity 93 (1): 1 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0408 - 6"]}