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Thailand holds one of the most diverse faunas of the genus Coecobrya Yosii, 1956, with 22 species reported from the country so far. In this study three new species of Coecobrya are described from subterranean environments: C. satasookae sp. nov. from Chaiyaphum province, C. cavicola sp. nov. from Phrae province and C. chompon sp. nov. from Ratchaburi province. The first two species belong to the tenebricosa-group, as they lack eyes, while C. chompon sp. nov. has 1+1 eyes and fits the boneti-group. Coecobrya satasookae sp. nov. and C. cavicola sp. nov. can be distinguished from each other and its congeners by the combination of antennal length, clypeal, dorsal head and thoracic chaetotaxy, whereas C. chompon sp. nov. is most similar to C. boneti (Denis, 1948) from Vietnam. However, it differs from the latter taxa mostly by the proportion of the antennae, ventral and dorsal head, thoracic, fourth abdominal chaetotaxy, plus the shape of the tenent hairs. C. chompon sp. nov. is the first record and description of a Coecobrya species from the boneti-group in Thailand. We also discuss the ecological niches of troglomorphic Coecobrya species in Thailand and the status of the boneti-group.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning. The article is an outcome of the #GlobalCollembola community initiative that is voluntarily supported by researchers around the world. Data collection and analysis was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (19-74-00154 to A.P.) and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (493345801 to A.P. and 192626868—SFB 990 to S.S.). We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University. The following funding bodies provided support for individual contributors: ARC SRIEAS Grant SR200100005 Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future to S.L.C., Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA 1/0438/22 to Ľ.K., RFBR 19-516-60002 to N.A.K., Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning and Qatar Petroleum to J.M.A., BIO 27 (2013-2014)-MAGyP and PICTO 2084 (2012)-ANPCyT to V.B., DAAD-19-10 and MSM200962001 to T.C., grant TE, PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-0358 to C.F., NWO grant 821.01.015 to O.F., National Natural Sciences Foundation of China No 41471037 and 41871042 to M.G., BIO 27 (2013-2014), MAGyP; PICT 2084 (2012), FONCyT to D.F.G., NRF South African National Antarctic Programme grant 110734 to M.G., Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), EcoEnergy Innovation Initiative under the Office of Energy Research and Development, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to I.T.H., L.A.V. and L.R., Independent Research Fund Denmark grant no. DFF-4002-00384 to M.H., Estonian Science Foundation G9145 to M.I., SA-France bilateral grant to C.J., SA (NRF)/Russia (RFBR) Joint Science and Technology Research Collaboration project no. 19-516-60002 (FRBR) and no. 118904 (NRF) to M.P. and C.J., European Research Council (ERC), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232; to N.E.); iDiv, German Research Foundation (DFG–FZT 118, 202548816) to M.J. and N.E., French National Agency of Research (ANR) (JASSUR research project; ANR-12-VBDU-0011), «Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche» and «Ministère de l’Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie» (ACTA programme), «Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement» (Pnetox programme), EU-funded project, ECOGEN QLK5-CT-2002-01666 (www.ecogen.dk), “Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie” (BIOINDICATEUR 2, BIOTECHNOSOL), ANDRA and GISFI (www.gisfi.fr) to S.J., GRR SER-BIODIV (Région Normandie, France) to MCha, ESF9258, B02 to A.K., Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 2018CDXYCH0014) to D.L., DFG 316045089 to J.L., Massey University Research Fund grant to M.A.M., DFG SCHE 376/38-2 to M.M.P., grant from the Austria Academy of Science: Heritage_2020-043_Modeling-Museum to P.Q., Slovak Scientific Grant Agency: VEGA Nos. 1/0441/03 and 1/3267/06 to N.R., Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to M.I.R., RSF 21-74-00126 to R.A.S., Austrian Federal Government and European Union (Rural Development 2014-2020) to J.S., АААА-А17-122040600025-2 to A.A.T., Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (grant no. 152717/2016-1) to B.R.W., 309030/2018-8 to D.Z. and 305426/2018-4 to B.C.B., National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970434, 31772491) to N.N.G., Research and Innovation Support Foundation of Santa Catarina (FAPESC) (6.309/2011-6/FAPESC) and the CNPq (563251/2010-7/CNPq) to L.C.I.O.F., O.K.-F., the Latvian Council of Science Grants no. 90.108, 93.140, 96.0110, 01.0344 to E.J., CNPq for the Research Productivity Grant (305939/2018-1) to D.B., FPI-MICINN grant in the project INTERCAPA (CGL2014-56739-R) to P.H, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to Z.L., Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary TKP2021-NKTA-43 to D.W. Authors are grateful to Penelope Greenslade for providing the literature on Australian Collembola communities. Authors are grateful to Frans Janssens for providing the global checklist of Collembola.

A new genus and two new species of Sminthurinae are described. Keratosminthurus tapigu gen. nov. sp. nov. and K. calamitosus sp. nov. show a combination of features that redefines the subfamily Sminthurinae, such as a pair of sminthuroid chaetae, unguis without cavity, nine apical chaetae on tibiotarsus, 11 or more anterior dental chaetae, fourth antennal segment clearly subdivided into many (18 or more) subsegments, and asymmetric apex of mucro. The new genus also presents a striking sexual dimorphism, with modifications on male apical organ of antennal segment III, spines on the clypeus and special organs on the interocular area.

Three new species of Collembola are described for Southeastern Brazil: Arrhopalites mendoncae sp. nov., Pararrhopalites queirozi sp. nov., and Coecobrya phoenix sp. nov. Although they were collected in caves and present characters such as absence of pigmentation, reduction or absence of eyes, and restriction to the local hypogean environment, none of them is troglobite. It is the first Coecobrya known from Brazil, the second species of the genus Arrhopalites with a trichobothrial complex angle superior to 160°, and the third species of the genus Pararrhopalites with three sensilla in the inter-antennal region. All species are named in honor of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, and our colembologist colleagues, who recently had an entire collection destroyed by a fire of great proportions.

A second species of Acherontides from Brazil is described. Acherontides serrasapoensis sp. nov. has two ocular area chaetae, tenaculum with 3+3, two clavate tenent hairs, and anal spines about 1/3 the length of unguis III. A comparative table is presented and an identification key for the species of Acherontides.

We summarize the distribution and habitat of Brazilian Archisotoma species, a taxonomic key for all species of the genus is given and a new species is described from intertidal sand of the Biologial Reserve Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Archisotoma jariani sp. nov. belongs to the besselsi group, recognized by small size, tibiotarsus III with stiff outer spur, maxillary head with thin simple capitulum, 3–2 pairs of trichobothria on abdominal segment VI. This is the first species of Collembola recorded from Atol das Rocas.

Three new species of Collembola are described from small shallow caves in Southeastern Brazil: Arrhopalites glabrofasciatus sp. nov., Pseudosinella ambigua sp. nov. and Pseudosinella guanhaensis sp. nov. The species were found in surveys performed as part of the process to accomplish the permits for high impact enterprising. The change in the legislation is discussed and a suggestion is made to improve the process. The long term effects of the law resulted in the discovery of many new species and genera, most of them being (or to be) described.

In detritus-based trophic systems, springtails, dung beetles, saprophagous calyptrate flies and termites consume and fragment organic matter and control populations of decomposer microorganisms, exerting a strong influence on energy and nutrient fluxes. A faunal inventory of these four groups of hexapods was performed in Serra de Santa Catarina (SSC), an area of arboreal-shrub caatinga located in the state of Paraíba, with the purpose of characterizing the assemblages of these taxa, and highlighting their unique links to the local ecosystem. Samplings were performed in May, 2014, and April, 2015, both during the rainy season. Standard sampling protocols for biodiversity inventory of the various taxa were used, including both active and passive sampling methods. In general, 114 species of hexapods were captured, with 26 species of springtails, 20 dung beetles, 30 saprophagous calyptrate flies and 38 termites, with sampling sufficiency varying from 69.5 to 96.8% of total estimated richness. Species richness of the groups are among the highest recorded for a single area of Caatinga, with some taxa being recorded for the first time for the domain. Several morphospecies had indeterminate taxonomic status, especially springtails and termites, and are quite likely new species to science. The structure of the assemblages of springtails, dung beetles, saprophagous calyptrate flies and termites recorded in SSC, suggest that this conserved area is unique within the highly impacted landscape of Caatinga, and has great potential for the conservation of biodiversity of this domain in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Resumo: No sistema trófico baseado em detritos, os colêmbolos, besouros escarabeíneos, moscas saprófagas e térmitas atuam no consumo e fragmentação da matéria orgânica e no controle das populações de microrganismos decompositores, exercendo forte influência nos fluxos de energia e nutrientes. Um inventário faunístico desses quatro grupos de hexápodes foi realizado na Serra de Santa Catarina (SSC), uma área de Caatinga arbóreo-arbustiva localizada no Estado da Paraiba, com intuito de caracterizar as taxocenoses desses táxons, salientando as suas peculiaridades ligadas ao ecossistema local. As coletas foram realizadas em maio/2014 e abril/2015, durante o período chuvoso na região. De acordo com o táxon, foram utilizados protocolos amostrais padronizados para inventários de biodiversidade, com métodos passivos e ativos de coleta. No geral, 114 espécies de hexápodes foram capturadas, sendo 26 de colêmbolos, 20 de besouros escarabeíneos, 30 de dípteros e 38 de térmitas, com suficiência amostral variando de 69,5 a 96.8% da total estimada. A riqueza de espécies por grupo está entre as maiores para uma única área de Caatinga, com alguns táxons sendo registrados pela primeira vez para o domínio. Especialmente para os colêmbolos e térmitas, várias morfoespécies tiveram seus status taxonômicos indeterminados, havendo elevada possibilidade de serem nova para a ciência. As estruturas e funcionalidades das taxocenoses de colêmbolos, besouros escarabeíneos, moscas saprófagas e térmitas registradas na SSC, sugerem que esse ecossistema é singular, dentro de um cenário generalizado de impacto antrópico presente na Caatinga, e possui um elevado potencial para a conservação da biodiversidade desse domínio no nordeste brasileiro.

A new genus and a new species of Seirini (Entomobryidae) are described. The new genus, Tyrannoseira n. gen., is represented by three Brazilian Seira-like species with a peculiar type of sexual dimorphism: the first pair of legs of adult males bears several spine-like setae in distinct positions, the femur is enlarged and the tibiotarsus is slender. The combination of these morphological features produces clasping structures used during male-male interactions. The new genus is known only from Caatinga, a unique semi-arid biome exclusively present in Brazil. A new species, Tyrannoseira sex n. sp., is also described from Sao Joao do Cariri, Paraiba State. Seira raptora and S. bicolorcornuta, described from Caatinga, are also included in the newly described genus. An identification key for the three species of the new genus is also given. Sexual dimorphism and aspects of the systematics of Seira are discussed.

A new species of Seira Lubbock, S. bicolorcornuta sp. nov., from Alto do Moura, Pernambuco State, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The males of this species have conspicuous modifications on the first pair of legs. This condition and other morphological features indicate a clear relationship between S. bicolorcornuta sp. nov. and S. raptora Zeppelini & Bellini. The distribution and chaetotaxic patterns of both species are discussed.

A new species of Seira Lubbock, S. mendoncea sp. nov., from Cacimba de Dentro, state of Paraíba, Brazil is described and illustrated. The new species resembles S. delamarei Jacquemart in many morphological features, especially on the dorsal macrochaetae disposition. In Brazil there are now 21 described species of Seira, with 12 of them recorded in Paraíba.Uma nova espécie do gênero Seira Lubbock, S. mendoncea sp. nov., coletada no município de Cacimba de Dentro, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada. A nova espécie possui muitas semelhanças morfológicas com S. delamarei Jacquemart, especialmente no que se refere à disposição das macroquetas dorsais. No Brasil há até o momento 21 espécies descritas de Seira, com 12 espécies registradas na Paraíba.

Opencast mining causes severe environmental impacts by removing the vegetation cover and depleting the fauna. Reforestation methods using native species and diverse pre- and post-disturbance approaches aim to recover the original richness and diversity of species found before the impact. Bioindicators are powerful tools to evaluate the restoration of the original environmental conditions in disturbed areas. We used species richness, endemism and diversity measurements of Collembola to compare successional stages in reforested sites of different ages compared with a control undisturbed area. Richness and abundance of Collembola were subjected to correlation analysis with age of plots and vegetational variables. Areas that were reforested for up to 16 years supported a much lower Collembola species richness than undisturbed areas. Both the age of reforestation plots and vegetation variables (number of trees, diameter of crowns, depth of leaf litter and tree species richness) were positively and significantly correlated to collembolan abundance and richness. The results showed that the diversity of the 16-year-old plot was significantly higher than that of younger areas, but significantly less diverse than that of the control area. Endemic species were more sensitive to disturbance than non-endemics. Thus, species richness and diversity of soil Collembola can be only partially restored with appropriate reforestation methods, and although it takes many years, to some extent even endemic species can be gradually restored. Nevertheless, the maintenance of undisturbed diversity reservoirs linked by ecological corridors to reforested plots is imperative, as only undisturbed areas can support most of the endemic species able to re-colonize reforested sites.

Objectives of this study are to summarize the current state of knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Collembola in Brazil; to identify areas of most importance, interest, and need of additional research; and to enable development of experimental hypotheses for future research on Collembola in this region. The total number of collembolan species currently known from Brazil is 199, distributed among 19 families and 80 genera. The greatest numbers of species have been recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Amazonas (with 69 and 56 species, respectively). Few or no species are known from most Brazilian states. Most of the species for which specific Brazilian environmental habitat information is available (93, 66%) are known only from forest environments. Most of the species (127, 64%) are known only from Brazil (most likely being endemic); 33 species (17%) are known only from Brazil and other neotropical areas; and 39 species (20%) have a distribution beyond the neotropical region. Results of this study indicate that much remains to be learned about the Brazilian collembolan fauna. This is especially true for areas of the northeastern, central-western, and southern regions. Studies to determine the species composition of collembolan communities in specific environments in Brazil are needed. The great diversity of Collembola species in Brazil is largely unknown and there are many opportunities for additional research on these environmentally important organisms in this area. Such additional research on the Collembola in Brazil is also essential for a better understanding of the neotropical (and world) collembolan fauna.

The current total number of species found in Brazil is 270, distributed in 19 families and 92 genera, an increase of 71 species and 12 genera in the last 6 years. The greatest known diversity is found in Rio de Janeiro (132 species), Amazonas (56), Espírito Santo (30) and São Paulo (28), while there are no record to seven Brazilian states (Acre, Alagoas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima and Tocantins). Distribution of the records clearly defines the areas that urge investments in scientific research and taxonomic survey and reflects the concentration of information in those centers that host the few specialists in Collembola, currently working in Brazil.

Six new species of Collembola of the family Arrhopalitidae are described from the United States (Pygmarrhopalites leonardwoodensis sp. nov., P. plethorasari sp. nov., P. youngsteadtii sp. nov., P. buffaloensis sp. nov., P. shoshoneiensis sp. nov., and P. ashcraftensis sp. nov.) from caves in Missouri (2 spp.), Arkansas (2 spp.), Nevada, and Indiana, respectively. These new taxa, which display varying degrees of troglomorphy, are compared with previously known species and bring the total described species in North America to 41.

We present in the following an Errata Corrigenda for Abrantes et al. (2010) Table 2 and general counting. Furthermore, we include all additional records for Brazilian Collembola during 2010 and 2011 as an update for the species list. The update was made following the same methodology and criteria as Culik and Zeppelini (2003), and Abrantes et al. (2010). All data will fit the same table marked differently to be recognized at glance. The references presented here are restricted to the citations concerning the update only; therefore the references presented in Culik and Zeppelini (2003), and Abrantes et al. (2010) will not be repeated.

Twenty two known and new Neotropical species of the genus Arrhopalites (Collembola: Arrhopalitidae) are revised and diagnosed. The four new cave species from Brazil are described and illustrated and the remaining Brazilian and Mexican species are redescribed and illustrated. Neotropical species are distributed along the Good’s biogeographic zones 8, 24a, 27 and 29. Four species described as Arrhopalites are replaced in the genus Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez 1944 based on their morphology. A short discussion is made about the distribution of the genus in the Neotropical Region, and a key for identification of the Neotropical species is provided.

The seventeen Asian species and two species from the East Europe (Moravia and Ukraine) of the genus Arrhopalites (Collembola: Arrhopalitidae) are diagnosed, discussed and compared. The Japanese species are re-described and two new Japanese epigaeic species, A. yosii sp. n. and A. ezoensis sp. n., are described and illustrated. A key for identification is given.

Three new species of Seira Lubbock from Mataraca, Paraiba State, Brazil are described and illustrated, S. mataraquensis sp. nov., S. arenicola sp. nov. and S. pseudoannulata sp. nov. Evolutionary and taxonomic aspects of the dorsal chaetotaxy are discussed. The large number of Seira species recorded in Paraiba and the sympatric distribution of eight species in coastal sand dunes suggest that the Brazilian northeastern region is a hotspot of diversity for the genus.

Two new species of Seira Lubbock 1869 are described and illustrated. The males of these species show modifications in the fore legs, probably associated with sexual courtship and/or mating behavior. Despite the similarity of the modifications of the two species, they are not otherwise similar. Thus the similarity is due to convergence rather than homology. These are the first records of sexual dimorphism other than genital openings in Entomobryidae.