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The aim of this study was to optimize the light regimes including initial inoculum density, photoperiod and light intensity on the growth and lipid (TAG) accumulation in Ankistrodesmus fusiformis H1 for biodiesel production. At last, the strategy of 4.47 mM urea with initial OD 680 -0.5, 18:6 h light/dark cycle and 200 μmol photon m −2 s −1 regimes were optimized. The lipid productivity of 116.88 mg L −1 d −1 and 57.58% neutral lipid in total lipid were achieved finally. Moreover, the changes of photosynthetic activity, pigments contents and biochemical compositions revealed that more carbon flow to lipid synthesis. Therefore, A. fusiformis H1 is an ideal candidate for biodiesel production by utilizing light appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]