23,326 results
Search Results
2. Enhanced biodegradation of lignin and lignocellulose constituents in the pulp and paper industry black liquor using integrated magnetite nanoparticles/bacterial assemblage
- Author
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Ebtesam EL-Bestawy, Sahar W. M. Hassan, and Amany A. Mohamed
- Subjects
Biodegradation ,Lignin and lignocellulose ,Immobilization ,Magnetite nanoparticles ,Pseudomonas otitidis ,Pulp and paper effluent ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Abstract The study was designed to explore the efficiency of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs)/bacterial cell assembly to biodegrade lignin and lignocellulose, decontaminate pulp and paper-contaminated wastewater and optimize lignin adsorption by Fe3O4 NPs. Water samples were collected from three paper and carton manufacturing companies, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Pseudomonas otitidis MCC10330, the most active and promising strain among 10 previously screened indigenous and exogenous isolates, was selected and decorated with magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, that were prepared by the co-precipitation method, characterized and used to decontaminate paper and pulp effluent in a batch mode bioassay for 4 h. Fe3O4 NPs/bacterial cell assembly achieved the highest removals (64.1, 52.0, 54.3 and 66.6%) of TSS, COD, BOD, and Total Tannin and Lignin after 1, 4 and 4 h, reaching residual concentrations (RCs) of 322, 216, 112 and 7 mg/L, which are still slightly higher (5.35, 2.7 and 1.86-fold) than their maximum permissible limits (MPLs), respectively. RCs of pH, DO and TDS in the treated effluent are accepted for safe discharging. Maximum lignin adsorption and removal (82.14%) using Fe3O4 NPs was achieved at the optimized conditions (pH 6, Fe3O4 NPs dosage of 100 mg and 10 min contact time). Results confirmed that the proposed magnetite-coated Pseudomonas otitidis treatment system is highly efficient and recommended to treat the highly contaminated pulp and paper wastewater. Also, as far as we know, this integrated assemblage is the first time to be used as a novel, very promising, eco-friendly, renewable and economical biotechnological approach to minimize/eliminate the involved pollutants with the least running time.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Impact of Lignin Content on the Biodegradation of Virgin Paper Pulps in Soil and Marine Environment
- Author
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Minna Vikman, Atte Mikkelson, and Hille Rautkoski
- Subjects
biodegradation ,mineralization ,lignin ,paper pulp ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Paper pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material used in the industrial production of paper and board products. In addition to cellulose and hemicellulose, paper pulp contains 1 to 20% lignin, depending on the raw materials and pulping process used. Lignin is a heterogenous aromatic polymer that is hydrophobic and more resistant to microbial degradation compared to the easily biodegradable cellulose and hemicellulose. In this study, the biodegradation of paper pulps containing varying amounts of lignin was examined in soil and marine environments using ISO testing methods. Lignin significantly reduced the mineralization of paper pulps to CO2 in both environmental conditions, and a strong inverse correlation between lignin content and the mineralization to CO2 was observed. A similar impact was observed with natural materials containing lignin, such as birch sawdust. Since the calculation of biodegradability in most ISO and EN standards is based solely on the concept of mineralization to CO2, materials containing lignin can receive poor values in these tests. The implications of this for standardized requirements of biodegradability and possible options to overcome testing deficiencies are discussed.
- Published
- 2024
4. Biodegradable Paper-Based Membranes for Water Treatment
- Author
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Fazullin, D. D., Fazullina, L. I., and Mavrin, G. V.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Enhancing the Decomposition of Paper Cups Using Galleria Mellonella and Eisenia Fetida.
- Author
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Moqbel, Shadi, Al-Ghoul, Habib, Al-Ghzawi, Abd Al-Majeed, and Mukbel, Rami
- Subjects
PAPER products ,GREATER wax moth ,LUMBRICUS rubellus ,RECYCLING industry ,BIODEGRADATION - Abstract
The composition of paper cups creates a challenge for the recycling industry, as the paperboard--plastic film composite is hard to separate. Therefore, paper cups are sent to landfills or waste incinerators. This study explores the combined use of red worms (Eisenia fetida) and Greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) in the biodegradation of paper cups. The study investigates the conditions and combinations that promote using Eisenia fetida and Galleria mellonella for degrading paper cups. The study considered the influence of environmental temperature, the presence of food waste, varying the number of Eisenia fetida worms, and the presence of a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent on the degradation process. To achieve the study objectives, the study followed a quantitative approach. The study monitored the degradation of paper cup cuts that were placed in jars containing different combinations of Eisenia fetida worms, Galleria mellonella larvae, food waste, bedding material, and Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agents. The study found that the best operating temperature is 30°C. The study found that using food waste improves the performance of Eisenia fetida worms and Galleria mellonella larvae significantly. The study found that adding a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent slightly enhances the degradation of the paper cup. Finally, a numerical model was obtained to simulate the paper cup degradation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effect of Chemical Crosslinking on the Biodegradation Rate of Kraft Paper.
- Author
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Korpela, Antti, Tanaka, Atsushi, and Asikainen, Jaakko
- Subjects
KRAFT paper ,BIODEGRADATION ,PACKAGING materials ,PLASTIC films ,MICROBIAL contamination - Abstract
Wood-based paper fibers are inherently biodegradable. In contact with moist soil and in compost, papermaking fibers are readily broken down by soil microbes. Resistance to biodegradation is needed, as paper is used for special applications such as mulching in agriculture and forestry, the coating of construction materials, and for packing and wrapping under conditions where packaging materials may be exposed to contact with moist soil or other type microbial active contamination. A preceding study showed that paper chemical crosslinking with glyoxal, citric acid (CA), or methylated 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (mDMDHEU) results in substantially improved paper wet strength and lower paper water absorbency. The present study examined the efficiency of chemical crosslinking treatments with CA and with mDMDHEU to decrease the biodegradation rate of laboratory paper sheets and a sack paper, both made of kraft fibers. The biodegradation was examined using a 48-h enzymatic degradation test and a 2-month soil burial test. The results indicate that chemical crosslinking is an effective non-biocidal method for making sulphate kraft paper more resistant to biodegradation. In some end-uses, improved resistance to biodegradation, along with improved paper wet performance, can enhance paper performance comparable to plastic films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Properties of paper-based biodegradable pots for growing seedlings
- Author
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Paudel, Bhola, Basak, Jayanta Kumar, Kaushalya Madhavi, Bolappa Gamage, Kim, Na-Eun, Lee, Gun-Ho, Choi, Gyeong-Mun, Choi, Young-Woo, and Kim, Hyeon Tae
- Published
- 2022
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8. The Influence of Biodegradation on the Distribution of Stable Carbon Isotope Characteristic Values in Heavy Non Aqueous Liquids
- Author
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Wu, Rong, Förstner, Ulrich, Series Editor, Rulkens, Wim H., Series Editor, Han, Dongfei, editor, and Bashir, Mohammed J. K., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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9. Analysis of Oil Degradation Effect by Microorganisms in Contaminated Soil Near Oil Wells
- Author
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Zhao, Yaling, Luo, Yingchun, Li, Chunhui, Yang, Deng, Chen, Yueli, Zhang, Wenjia, Chang, Guohua, Zhang, Hucheng, Gao, Tianpeng, Förstner, Ulrich, Series Editor, Rulkens, Wim H., Series Editor, Han, Dongfei, editor, and Bashir, Mohammed J. K., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Decomposition dynamics of cooking-oil-soaked waste paper in media with low inorganic nitrogen content
- Author
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Tomasz Ciesielczuk and Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
- Subjects
biodegradation ,cardboard ,parchment paper ,cooking oil ,low inorganic nitrogen ,Environmental protection ,TD169-171.8 - Abstract
Many paper-related products are in daily use all over the world. Although paper is one of the most recycled materials in the European Union, no end-of-waste criteria have been defi ned. Typical paper and cardboard should be recycled, but paper materials with impurities, such as cooking oil, sand, or plastic, are much more problematic. In particular, paper contaminated with cooking oil or butter (e.g., pizza boxes) is diffi cult waste. Also baking parchment paper cannot be stored as waste paper after use. Composting could be a solution, but in many municipal solid waste collection systems, this waste types are collected with the mixed waste stream, what fi nally leads this material to landfi lling or incinerating processes. Parchment paper and pizza box cardboard contain a lot of cellulose and in landfi lls are a source of CO2 and CH4. Incineration of these materials also leads to CO2 emission. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of cooking-oil-contaminated paper in media with a low inorganic nitrogen content. Cardboard usually used for packaging purposes was used as pre-test material. Two types of paper usually used in the kitchen were used: pizza box cardboard and parchment paper highly contaminated with cooking oil. Two types of low inorganic nitrogen media were tested: mature municipal waste compost (MSWC) and leaf mold (LM). The decrease of mass of both paper sample types was correlated with process time. Both tested sample types: dry cellulose materials and paper with cooking oil added, were partly or completely decomposed after 6 weeks of bioprocessing in aerobic conditions without an additional dose of inorganic nitrogen. According to waste separation rules, wet paper or paper contaminated with cooking oil have to be stored with other wastes which are „not possible for further use”. This work show possibility to change these rules.
- Published
- 2023
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11. Biodegradability of PBAT/PLA coated paper and bioplastic bags under anaerobic digestion.
- Author
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Peng, Wei, Nie, Rong, Lü, Fan, Zhang, Hua, and He, Pinjing
- Subjects
- *
BIODEGRADABLE plastics , *ANAEROBIC digestion , *INTEGRATED waste management , *PAPER bags , *WASTE management , *PACKAGING materials - Abstract
• The PBAT/PLA coated paper shows high methane yield under AD condition. • Plastic film residues remain after the digestion of PBAT/PLA coated paper. • The decrease of hydrophobicity for PBAT/PLA bags is due to the formation of PLA monomers. • The bacterial community shows difference between PBAT/PLA coated paper and bags. • Methanoculleus is enriched on the plastic surface under mesophilic AD. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are two of biodegradable plastics with the highest production capacities in 2021. Bioplastic waste management can be easily integrated with organic waste management, especially when bioplastics are used as food packaging material, since they are potentially biodegradable. The aim of this study was to assess the biodegradability of biodegradable polymer-coated paper (BPCP) and bioplastic bags made from PBAT/PLA blend during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) and to reveal the changes in the physicochemical properties of the bioplastics. BPCP obtained 155 NmL-CH 4 /g VS and 307.3 NmL-CH 4 /g VS under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively, but left bioplastic film residues. The bioplastic bags did not exhibit significant biodegradation during the AD processes. 1H NMR results indicated that the ratio of PLA to PBAT decreased significantly after AD of the BPCP film and that PLA monomers were formed from the bioplastic bags, leading to a decrease in the hydrophobicity on the surfaces of the materials. Methanoculleus was found to be enriched on the bioplastic surface after mesophilic AD. From the perspective of coupling bioplastic waste management with the food waste management, the incorporation of BPCP into the AD reactor not only enhances system stability and methane production to a greater extent than biodegradable plastic bags but also raises concerns regarding the residual biofilm when utilizing the digestate for direct land applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Biodegradation of Cellulosic Wastes and Deinking of Colored Paper with Isolated Novel Cellulolytic Bacteria.
- Author
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Sarwan, Jyoti, Bose†, Jagadeesh Chandra, Kumar, Shivam, Bhargav, Shruti Singh, Dixit, Sharad Kumar, Sharma, Muskan, Mittal, Komal, Kumar, Gurmeet, and Uddin, Nazim
- Subjects
CELLULOLYTIC bacteria ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,BIODEGRADATION ,PAPER arts ,SUGAR alcohols ,RAW materials ,TRICHODERMA reesei - Abstract
Biofuels are the cheapest source of energy, and the continuous decline of traditional sources of energy with the increasing population leads to looking for alternatives to reduce the consumption of traditional sources of energy. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes and cellulosic wastes is not a new approach for fuel production but a cheap and accessible way for the production of fuel. Bacillus is one of the major species that can act as a source of diversified enzymes. In this study, it was emphasized on screening and isolation of a novel, characterization, and best catalytic action on both celluloses and proteins in the presence of different carbon and nitrogen sources. It was observed the effective catalytic breakdown of cellulose with the crude enzyme to glucose allowed fur for fermentation with Saccharomyces, ultimately leading to the generation of alcohol. The study aims to isolate the microbes that can produce cellulases and enzymes and could be used for biodegradation to produce ethanol in the reaction. The maximum enzyme activity was achieved at 3.112 UI with optimized pH and temperature, and the maximum conversion of sugars into alcohol was about 70% in the newspaper, cartons, colored paper, and disposable paper cups. An essential observation was the decolorization of the origami craft paper within 24 hours. The study was involved in enhancing the maximum Enzyme activity of cellulases from different cellulosic raw materials. Hence, it was achieved by JCB strain, optimization of pH, temperature, and acids for the biodegradation. The presence of peaks at 3200 and 2900 was a confirmation of ethanol bonds in the biodegradation reaction mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Effect of Storage Reservoir on Fluid Velocity in Lateral Flow Paper Device.
- Author
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Abbas, Hamza, Ali, Mubashar, Naeem, Nauman, Ullah, Hammas, Ali, Moazzam, and Jafry, Ali Turab
- Subjects
RESERVOIRS ,FLOW velocity ,BIODEGRADATION ,MICROFLUIDIC analytical techniques ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) - Abstract
Paper-based microfluidics provides a versatile platform for numerous applications, including diagnostics at the point of care, environmental detection, and food quality control. Utilizing paper as a substrate offers numerous benefits, including flexibility, biodegradability, low cost, and capillary-driven flow. Despite significant advancements in paper-based microfluidic devices, regulating fluid flow effectively within the paper channel remains a persistent challenge. In order to resolve this problem, our research proposes a method for manipulating fluid flow in the paper channel by altering the surface contact between the storage medium and the paper channel. According to the results, increasing the contact area between the reservoir and the paper surface decreases the flow velocity and increases the fluidic time delay. This is due to the increased diffusion area between the storage medium and the paper channel, which creates resistance to liquid flow. Therefore, the liquid takes longer to travel through the paper channel, resulting in a decrease in velocity relative to contact areas of 50% or 70%. We are confident that this method of flow control can enable lateral flow sensing devices with enhanced flow variation options for use in medical, environmental, or food quality applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Utilization by Biological Methods
- Author
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Adam Pochyba, Dagmar Samešová, Juraj Poništ, and Jozef Salva
- Subjects
pulp ,paper ,sludge ,biogas ,biodegradation ,phytotoxicity ,Engineering machinery, tools, and implements ,TA213-215 - Abstract
The aim of our contribution is to evaluate the possibilities for the biochemical utilization of paper wastes. We tested aerobic and anaerobic degradation of paper waste sludges from a plant that processes recycled paper. Testing included the assessment of phytotoxicity. We can conclude that the concentration of paper sludges did not have toxic effects on the bacterial consortium of the anaerobic or aerobic conditions. However, the leachate of paper sludges and water from sludge dewatering had a slightly negative effect on the germination of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and lettuce (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds where the germination ranged from 83.3% to 100% but the mass yield was higher.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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15. Occurrence of Two Resin Acid-Degrading Bacteria and a Gene Encoding Resin Acid Biodegradation in Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Biotreatment Systems Assayed by PCR
- Author
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Yu, Z.
- Published
- 1999
16. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF BAMBOO PAPER BY TWO WHITE-ROT FUNGAL SPECIES.
- Author
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Hastuti, Novitri, Agustini, Luciasih, Aini, Erlina N., Indrawan, Dian A., Pari, Gustan, and Wibisono, Heru Satrio
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,BAMBOO ,LIFE cycles (Biology) ,WOOD decay ,ACTIVATED carbon ,SPECIES ,NEW product development - Abstract
Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research is the property of Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Experimental investigation of water retention curves of municipal solid wastes with different paper contents, dry unit weights and degrees of biodegradation.
- Author
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Xie, Yuekai and Xue, Jianfeng
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste , *WASTE paper , *BIODEGRADATION , *HYDRAULIC conductivity , *PARTICLE size distribution , *SOLID waste management , *HYSTERESIS - Abstract
• Water retention curves (WRCs) of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) • Hysteresis of WRCs of MSWs with decomposition. • Effects of decomposition and paper content on the WRCs. • Unsaturated hydraulic and gas conductivity of MSWs. This paper investigates the drying and wetting water retention curves (WRCs) of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) with different paper contents, dry unit weights and degrees of biodegradation (DOBs). Fresh synthetic samples were prepared based on the field composition of the MSWs at Mugga Lane Landfill, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. The degraded samples were prepared in simulators with MSWs of different initial dry unit weights and decomposition periods with leachate recirculation. The water retention curves (WRCs) of the MSWs were determined using pressure plate tests, in both drying and wetting phases. The outflow from MSWs was analysed using Gardner's method to obtain the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The results indicate that the WRCs of the MSWs are greatly affected by the DOB, paper content and dry unit weight. When DOB < 30 %, as DOB increases, the air-entry pressure of MSWs with paper increases, and the residual moisture content decreases regardless of paper content. With DOB > 30 %, the air entry pressure and residual water content depend on the balance between organic matter and highly decomposed organic constituents. The paper content affects the WRCs of MSWs due to its water retention capacity and change in the particle size distribution with decomposition. The increase in the dry unit weight of MSWs significantly increases the air entry pressure and residual moisture content, similar to the borehole samples with combined effects of biodegradation and increase in stress level from literature. Hysteresis effects have been observed during the drying and wetting of MSWs. The hysteresis of WRCs increases with the paper content and DOB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Sequential Treatment by Ozonation and Biodegradation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater to Eliminate Organic Contaminants.
- Author
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Amacosta, Jessica, Poznyak, Tatyana, Siles, Sergio, and Chairez, Isaac
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,OZONIZATION ,BIODEGRADATION ,POLLUTANTS ,SEWAGE ,DRINKING water purification - Abstract
In this research, the decomposition of toxic organics from pulp and paper mill effluent by the sequential application of ozonation and biodegradation was studied. Ozonation, as a pre-treatment, was executed to transform the initial pollutants into less toxic compounds (such as organic acids of low molecular weights). Biodegradation was executed during three days with acclimated microorganisms that were able to complete the decomposition of the initial organic mixture (raw wastewater) and to achieve a higher degree of mineralization (85–90%). Experiments were performed under three different conditions: (a) only ozonation of the initial contaminants, (b) only biodegradation of residual water without previous treatment by ozone and (c) ozonation followed by biodegradation performed by acclimated microorganisms. In the case of 72 h of biodegradation, the mineralization efficiency reached 85% and 89% after 30 and 60 min of ozonation, respectively. The no significant difference in this parameter coincided with the calculated generalized microorganisms' consortia specific growing rate μ m a x that was reduced from 2.08 × 10
−3 h−1 to 6.05 × 10−4 h−1 when the ozonation time was longer. The identification of the organics composition by gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) before and after treatments confirmed that the proposed combined process served as a more efficient alternative to secondary and tertiary treatments (mineralization degree between 60 and 80% in average) of the paper industry wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Study of the antifungal effects of quaternary ammonium salt for the preservation of inked paper.
- Author
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Liubinienė, Milda, Urbaitytė, Ugnė, and Beganskienė, Aldona
- Subjects
QUATERNARY ammonium salts ,BIODEGRADATION ,DEGREE of polymerization ,AMMONIUM salts ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,COPPER ,ANTIFUNGAL agents - Abstract
Copyright of Chemija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Physico‐chemical characterization and degradation analysis of mineral paper: Impact of accelerated weathering and aerobic biodegradation.
- Author
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Fathi, Yosra, Abdulkhani, Ali, Hamzeh, Yahya, Ashori, Alireza, Mortha, Gerard, and Chiani, Elahe
- Subjects
- *
WEATHERING , *CHEMICAL weathering , *MINERAL analysis , *HIGH density polyethylene , *CARBONATE minerals , *BIODEGRADATION , *SURFACE cracks - Abstract
Mineral paper, a synthetic paper‐like material primarily composed of ground calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and a small amount of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), has emerged as an important alternative to traditional paper and board due to the increasing demand for pulp and paper and the shortage of trees and fibrous material in many regions worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the impact of accelerated weathering and aerobic biodegradation on three different types of mineral papers. The specimens underwent 1000 h of accelerated weathering using a Gardner weathering device and were also buried in soil at a depth of 5 cm for 3 months with regular watering conditions for biodegradability testing. Physico‐chemical characterizations such as optical (whiteness), surface (roughness, contact angle, and paper topography), and chemical properties of the samples were studied before and after the artificial weathering and biodegradation tests. The results revealed a visible color change (darkening) in mineral papers, with an increase in HDPE content leading to a darker color after weathering and biological degradation. However, there were no significant differences in the color change between weathering and soil‐burial tests. The biodegradability test resulted in a decrease in ash content due to the demineralization process. All samples' surface roughness was reduced after weathering and biodegradation tests. The FT‐IR and EDS analyses confirmed the presence of calcium, carbon, and oxygen elements in all three samples, indicating a large amount of calcium carbonate in the mineral papers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the creation of micro holes and cracks on the surface of the samples after weathering and biodegradation. Overall, the soil‐burial test showed more degradation than the weathering test. Highlights: The influence of weathering and biodegradation of mineral papers were studiedAfter soil‐burial test, the ash content decreased due to the demineralizationAfter weathering, micro cracks were created on the surface of the samplesThe degradation of the soil‐burial test was more than the weathering testMineral papers most likely contain carbonate calcium and HDPE [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Thermochromic ink–paper interactions and their role in biodegradation of UV curable prints
- Author
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Vukoje, Marina, Miljanić, Snežana, Hrenović, Jasna, and Rožić, Mirela
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Researcher at Instituto Politecnico Nacional Describes Research in Toxicology (Sequential Treatment by Ozonation and Biodegradation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater to Eliminate Organic Contaminants)
- Subjects
Paper industry ,Paper mills ,Pulp industry ,Ozonization ,Biodegradation ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
2024 FEB 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on toxicology. According to news originating from Ciudad de Mexico, [...]
- Published
- 2024
23. Decomposition dynamics of cooking-oil-soaked waste paper in media with low inorganic nitrogen content.
- Author
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Ciesielczuk, Tomasz and Rosik-Dulewska, Czesława
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,EDIBLE fats & oils ,COMPOSTING ,SOLID waste ,CARBON emissions ,NITROGEN ,PIZZA - Abstract
Copyright of Archives of Environmental Protection is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Study on Biodegradability and Mechanism of Cyanoethylated Waste Paper.
- Author
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Chunhong Zhang and Qin Li
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,CRYSTAL whiskers ,BIODEGRADABLE plastics ,BIODEGRADABLE materials ,MICROBIAL enzymes ,TRICHODERMA reesei - Abstract
With white pollution caused by petroleum plastics becoming an environmental issue of global concern, biodegradable plastics have become a research hotspot, and biodegradable materials made from plants have been attracting attention. Based on previous studies, this paper studied the biodegradability of thermoplastic cyanoethylated waste paper (CWP) by microbial experiment, and preliminarily explored the degradation mechanism. The results showed that: (1) the biodegradability of CWP was better than that of waste paper, and the higher the degree of modification, the better the biodegradability of CWP; under the action of Trichoderma reesei, the degradation rate of CWP containing 20.79% nitrogen was about 24% after 144 h (hours) of degradation; (2) The degradation rate of CWP was about 45% after 144 hours degradation by microbial complex bacteria, which was mainly due to the synergistic effect of cellulose degrading enzymes secreted by microbial degrading bacteria, which greatly improved the degradation rate of CWP. (3) The improvement of biodegradability of CWP was mainly due to the change of the morphology of the fibers by cyanoethylation reaction, which increased the contact surface and destroyed the crystal structure of the waste paper fibers. The increase of the amorphous region and the distance between the crystal planes was more conducive to the cellulase entering into the CWP, thus improving the degradation rate. (4) Structural analysis of CWP before and after degradation showed that microbial degradation bacteria destroyed C≡N bond and formed hydrocarbon bond, and further destroyed the crystal structure of CWP without changing the crystal form of the fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Insights into the Synergistic Biodegradation of Waste Papers Using a Combination of Thermostable Endoglucanase and Cellobiohydrolase from Chaetomium thermophilum
- Author
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Li, Weiguang, Ji, Peng, Zhou, Qinzheng, Hua, Chengyao, and Han, Chao
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. An experimental investigation on phytoremediation performance of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for pollutants removal from paper mill effluent.
- Author
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Singh, Jogendra, Kumar, Vinod, Kumar, Pankaj, Kumar, Piyush, Yadav, Krishna Kumar, Cabral‐Pinto, Marina M. S., Kamyab, Hesam, and Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mills , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *PHOSPHORUS , *POLLUTANTS , *BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand , *PHYTOREMEDIATION , *LETTUCE - Abstract
The present study describes the phytoremediation performance of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for physicochemical pollutants elimination from paper mill effluent (PME). For this, pot (glass aquarium) experiments were conducted using 0% (BWW: borewell water), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% treatments of PME under natural day/light regime. Results of the experiments showed that the highest removal of pH (10.75%), electrical conductivity (EC: 63.82%), total dissolved solids (TDS: 71.20%) biological oxygen demand (BOD: 85.03%), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 80.46%), total Kjeldahl's nitrogen (TKN: 93.03%), phosphorus (P: 85.56%), sodium (Na: 91.89%), potassium (K: 84.04%), calcium (Ca: 84.75%), and magnesium (Mg: 83.62%), most probable number (MPN: 77.63%), and standard plate count (SPC: 74.43%) was noted in 75% treatment of PME after treatment by P. stratiotes. PCA showed the best vector length for TKN, Na, and Ca. The maximum plant growth parameters including, total fresh biomass (81.30 ± 0.28 g), chlorophyll content (3.67 ± 0.05 mg g−1 f.wt), and relative growth rate (0.0051 gg−1 d−1) was also measured in 75% PME treatment after phytoremediation experiments. The findings of this study make useful insight into the biological management of PME through plant‐based pollutant eradication while leftover biomass may be used as a feedstock for low‐cost bioenergy production. Practitioner points: Biological treatment of paper mill effluent using water lettuce is presented.Best reduction of physicochemical and microbiological pollutants was attained in 75% treatment.Maximum production of chlorophyll, plant biomass, and highest growth rate was also observed in 75% treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Oxidative Treatment of Paper Mill Effluent by TiO2 Photocatalysis and Photo-Fenton Reagent.
- Author
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Bulskaya, Ina and Fytianos, Konstantinos
- Subjects
PAPER mills ,WATER purification ,PHOTOCATALYSIS ,PAPER industry ,BIODEGRADATION ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,COLOR removal (Sewage purification) - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry have historically been one of the world's largest consumers of freshwater resources and producers of wastewater discharges. More than 250 chemicals have been identified in effluents including chlorine-based organic and other toxic compounds. Some of these are resistant to biological degradation such as color-related compounds. The goal of this study was to analyze the real wastewater from the paper mill and to suggest a photocatalytic treatment method in order to reduce the organic pollutants load. The efficiency of the commonly used treatment photocatalytic processes (photo-TiO
2 and photo-Fenton reagent) on the treatment of real paper mill effluent was investigated. Additionally, the performance of TiO2 photocatalytic reactions with and without the addition of hydrogen peroxide was also examined. For the experiment, a 500 mL pyrex UV reactor and a 125-W high-pressure mercury lamp, surrounded by pyrex filter blocking wavelengths below 290 nm were used. The approach has been applied for the treatment of effluents produced from a papermaking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Isolation of functional ligninolytic Bacillus aryabhattai from paper mill sludge and its lignin degradation potential
- Author
-
Anjali Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Annapurna Maurya, Pankaj Chowdhary, and Abhay Raj
- Subjects
Kraft lignin ,Bacillus aryabhattai ,Biodegradation ,SEM ,FTIR ,GC–MS ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Kraft lignin (KL), is the major pollutant in pulp and paper effluent and due to its heterogeneous structure, it is resistant to the depolymerization process. It has drawn much attention from the researcher due to its challenging degradation process. In this study, a KL-degrading bacterium was isolated and screened from paper mill sludge. This bacterium was identified as ligninolytic Bacillus aryabhattai using biochemical and 16SrRNA gene analysis. B. aryabhattai showed maximum activities of lignin peroxidase-LiP (0.74 IU mL−1) and manganese peroxidase-MnP (9.2 IU mL−1) on the 4th day, and 5th day, respectively. A total 84% of KL (500 mg L−1) reduction was observed after 14 days. The KL bio-degradation was confirmed based on changes in chemical stracture of KL and new metabolites identification using FTIR and GC–MS, respectively. The study concluded that B. aryabhattai maybe becomes a potential biological agent in KL biodegradation and treatment of other lignin-containing industrial effluents.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Bioremoval capacity of phenol by some selected endophytic fungi isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa and batch biodegradation of phenol in paper and pulp effluents
- Author
-
Doaa Montaser Ahmed Khalil, Mohamed Salah Massoud, Soad A El-Zayat, and Magdi A El-Sayed
- Subjects
endophytes ,phenol ,biodegradation ,biodiversity ,aspergillus ,hibiscus ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of endophytic fungi for management of phenol residue in paper and pulp industries has been shown as cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study, isolation of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa was conducted. Additionally, the isolated fungi were examined for their ability to degrade phenol and its derivatives in paper and pulp industrial samples, using different growth conditions. Materials and Methods: Out of 35 isolated endophyitc fungi, 31 were examined for their phenol biodegradation capacity using Czapek Dox broth medium containing Catechol and Resorcinol as a sole carbon source at final concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%. Results: A total of 35 fungal species belonging to 18 fungal genera were isolated and identified from different parts of H. sabdariffa plants. All strains have the capability for degrading phenol and their derivatives with variable extents. The optimum condition of degrading phenol in paper and pulp effluent samples by Fusarium poae11r7 were at pH 3-5, temperature at 28-35°C, good agitation speed at no agitation and 100 rpm. Conclusion: All endophytic fungal species can utilize phenol and its derivatives as a carbon source and be the potential to degrade phenol in industrial contaminants.
- Published
- 2021
30. Behavior Study of New Formulations Based on Plasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride Stabilized with Epoxidized Sunflower Oil
- Author
-
Lardjane, Nadia, Hamitouche, Farid, Laribi, Hassiba Habchi, Bensemra, Naima Belhaneche, Thakur, Vijay Kumar, Series Editor, Trache, Djalal, editor, Benaliouche, Fouad, editor, and Mekki, Ahmed, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Recent advances in potentiometric analysis: Paper–based devices.
- Author
-
Özbek, Oguz and Berkel, Caglar
- Subjects
POTENTIOMETRY ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) ,BIODEGRADATION ,ELECTRODES ,POROSITY - Abstract
Paper has been increasingly used in recent years as a substrate in the structure of sensors to determine diverse biological and pharmaceutical molecules and ions. Potentiometric sensors built with paper offer certain improvements since they are cost–effective, portable, biodegradable, eco–friendly, disposable and easy to manufacture. Paper is also an ideal substrate to be used, considering that it is flexible, lightweight, mechanically–resistant, a good medium for immobilization and trapping, and that it can be easily chemically and physically modified for customized applications, it can adsorb and transport liquid via capillary forces, can close the electrical circuit between electrodes when wet, it can be produced in diverse geometrical dimensions and porosities. Due to these characteristics, paper–based potentiometric sensors are more eco–friendly, suitable to be used in resource–limited areas, can be used in remote locations or on–site settings with low–cost analytical instrumentation. To our knowledge, the most recent advancements in the field have not been collectively reviewed, and this is of high importance considering the rapid developments made in paper–based potentiometric sensors lately. In these review, we covered paper–based potentiometric devices developed in the very recent years, detailed their structures, and compared their certain performance parameters including detection limit, linear concentration range, response time and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Manufacturing fit-for-purpose paper packaging containers with controlled biodegradation rate by optimizing addition of natural fillers.
- Author
-
Sandak, Anna, Sandak, Jakub, and Modzelewska, Izabela
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,PACKAGING industry ,WASTE paper ,WHEAT bran ,FOREST soils - Abstract
Abstract: Natural fillers were utilized for manufacturing horticultural packaging products. Five types of pots produced from waste paper with wheat and rye bran additions were compared with commercially available containers. The aim was to examine the influence of soil type on the degradation rate and kinetics. Pots were degraded in three soil types: agriculture, forest and sandy soils and were monitored after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. NIR spectroscopy was used for non-destructive evaluation of the chemical composition of the investigated papers in addition to typically used standard methods. All tested configurations of papers might be used for manufacturing of plantable bio-containers that will slowly disintegrate during their use. The addition of cereal bran improves mechanical properties of the paper and extends the lifespan of pots. The rate and extent of decomposition depends mainly on the degradation time and type of soil. Paper pots in all tested configurations degraded most quickly in agricultural and forest soils, each stimulating growth of microorganisms responsible for the decomposition of paper. The obtained results allow selection of products with optimal composition for specific applications and to design the packaging containers degradation time in various in-field scenarios. The manufacturing approach proposed increases the positive footprint of packaging products by designing "eco-effective" solutions according to the Cradle to Cradle design framework.Graphical abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Decolorization and Degradation of Kraft Lignin Discharged from Pulp and Paper Mill Industry by Axenic and Co-Culture of Bacillus sp.
- Author
-
Verma, Monika and Ekka, Amia
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Modeling Thermomechanical Pulp and Paper Activated Sludge Treatment Plants to Gain Insight to the Causes of Bulking
- Author
-
Brault, Jean-Martin, Comeau, Yves, Perrier, Michel, and Stuart, Paul
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives
- Author
-
Rajeev Kumar Kapoor, Pratyoosh Shukla, Guddu Kumar Gupta, and Mandeep Dixit
- Subjects
Laccase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Cellulase ,Raw material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Xylan ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Xylanase ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
- Published
- 2021
36. Microscopic characterization of acidic paper manuscripts.
- Author
-
Hamed, Safa Abd El kader Mohamed and Ali Hassan, Rushdya Rabee
- Subjects
- *
ACIDITY , *PAPER , *MANUSCRIPTS , *BIODEGRADATION , *X-ray diffraction , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *FLAX - Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of acidity on the morphology of archeological paper, especially in the presence of colors and whether natural pigments play a role in the process of degradation.Design/methodology/approach The morphological changes in the cellulosic fibers of the manuscripts because of acidity were investigated using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Ten historical samples were collected from different manuscripts suffering from acidity. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the inks and pigments that were used in some samples. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used to identify the binding medium.Findings The results confirmed that carbon ink, ultramarine, cinnabar and gold pigments were applied to some manuscripts with Arabic gum. As for ESEM investigation, the results proved that acidity badly affected the integrity of the cellulosic fibers resulting in their embrittlement. The micrographs showed differences in fiber degradation according to pH value. The presence of inks and pigments increased the degradation extent resulting from acidity.Originality/value This paper addresses a specific need to study the behavior of degradation in paper manuscripts, thus helping the conservators find solutions to the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Mammalian cell-line based toxicological evaluation of paper mill black liquor treated in a soil microcosm by indigenous alkalo-tolerant Bacillus sp
- Author
-
Mishra, Monika, Das, Mihir Tanay, and Thakur, Indu Shekhar
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. THE ANALYSIS OF BIODEGRADATION PROCESS OF SELECTED PAPER PACKAGING WASTE.
- Author
-
Nowińska, Anna, Baranowska, Joanna, and Malinowski, Mateusz
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,WASTE paper ,CARDBOARD ,PACKAGING paper ,PACKAGING waste - Abstract
In recent years, a significant surge in the mass of generated waste with varying morphological composition has been observed. Packaging made of both plastic and paper has an increasing share in the municipal solid waste stream. The multiplicity of packaging means that proper methods and installations are needed to appropriately manage the waste generated from it. A special type of packaging waste is made of paper and cardboard and it is considered as biodegradable waste. It can be processed in both mechanical (material) and biological treatment processes. Thanks to the microorganisms involved in biological treatment processes, the organic matter present in waste should be decomposed (biodegradable). The main aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the biodegradation process of selected packaging waste made of paper and cardboard in various research environments. The waste used for the analysis differed primarily in grammage. The dynamics of the decomposition rate of the examined waste was analyzed for materials placed in 4 different research environments. The analysis showed significant differences in the rate of biodegradation of the tested waste. Differences were also found in the rate of material decomposition in individual research environments. Materials with low grammage such as paper towels and sandwich paper wrapper were the fastest to biodegrade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Co-digestion of industrial recycled pulp and paper sludge with vinasse wastewater: experimental and theoretical study
- Author
-
A. Zguani, A. Hammadi, H. El Bari, Fadoua Karouach, and Mohammed Bakraoui
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Alkalinity ,Vinasse ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Wastewater ,Bioenergy ,engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mesophile - Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge from recycled pulp and paper industry (RPPS) with vinasse effluent from alcohol distilleries (VW) was performed under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) at laboratory scale, using one-liter continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). The physicochemical parameters were monitored during the process. The average pH and alkalinity were 7.7 and 1000 mg CaCO3 Kg−1, respectively, indicating that the process is working well without the risk of acidification. The methane yield and biodegradability of this mixture were determined. The methane yield was about 112 (NmL CH4 g−1 VS added) and biodegradability reached 73%. Nevertheless, in monodigestion of RPPS, the methane yield was 94 (NmL CH4 g−1 VS added) and biodegradability 65%. The anaerobic co-digestion of (RPPS) with (VW) at a proportion of (70:30) improved methane production by 16% and biodegradability by 11%. Bioenergy recovery from industrial (RPPS) is promoted by co-digestion with (VW), and the removal efficiency of 73% indicates the performance of the process adopted. A kinetic study was performed using five models Richards, modified Gompertz, Logistic, Cone, and first order. The results show that Richards' was the most appropriate model for adjusting methane production from (RPPS) and (VW) co-digestion.
- Published
- 2021
40. Weed suppression with hydramulch, a biodegradable liquid paper mulch in development
- Author
-
Warnick, J.P., Chase, C.A, Rosskopf, E.N, Simonne, E. H., Scholberg, J.M., Koenig, R.L., and Roe, N.E.
- Published
- 2006
41. Improvement in biodegradability of paper mill wastewater by anatase TiO2 predominant in {001} facet in the batch and packed bed photoreactor (PBPR)
- Author
-
Hossein Esfandian, Reza Katal, Z. Beiramzadeh, and E. Shekarian
- Subjects
Packed bed ,Anatase ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Paper mill ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biodegradation ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Photocatalysis ,Batch processing ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,Fluoride ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of the {001} facet of anatase TiO2 (T-{001}) was hydrothermally carried out by a two-step process (without using fluoride ions as capping agent); the synthesized T-{001} sample was characterized by XRD, FESEM and HRTEM. The T-{001} was used for improvement in biodegradability of paper mill wastewater in the batch and continuous system under UV light irradiation. The performance of T-{001} was compared to commercial TiO2 (P25). In the batch system, the effect of the pH, time and photocatalyst dosage on the COD removal were investigated. The results showed that alkaline condition enhanced photocatalytic degradation of COD. For batch system, biodegradability index (BOD5/COD ratio) improved from 0.12 to 0.71 by application of the T-{001}; whereas this improvement was 0.52 for P25 sample. For the continuous system, the TiO2 samples were immobilized on the glass media and utilized in a packed bed photoreactor (PBPR). The effect of different flowrates on the COD removal was investigated. To investigate the stability of the samples, the photocatalytic experiments were continuously carried out for 3 h; both samples showed considerable stability during this time. The final values of BOD5/COD ratio at flowrate of the 5.4 ml/min were 0.64 and 0.42 for CT-{001} and CP25, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
42. INFLUENCE OF THE BIOSORBENT 'UNISORB-BIO' MODIFIED BY WASTE PAPER ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF PINK CLOVER IN THE CONDITIONS OF OIL POLLUTION
- Author
-
Ol'ga Semenovna Fedorova and Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova
- Subjects
biology ,Soil test ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Sowing ,Plant Science ,Biological product ,Biodegradation ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Soil contamination ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Germination ,visual_art ,Newsprint ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,Trifolium hybridum - Abstract
The article uses the example of artificially polluted soil to consider the effect of urea sorbent-a biological product "Unisorb-Bio" modified by waste paper on the biodegradation of oil with subsequent phyto-control of the soil by a test culture of pink-Swedish clover (Trifolium hybridum). It is shown that during 18 weeks of exposure "Unisorb-Bio" with immobilized on it the oil-oxidizing strains of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis, the oil content in the soil decreased by 10 times, which is on an order of magnitude higher to comparison with the control. High seeding qualities (germination energy, seed germination – 82%) are observed when using "Unisorb-Bio" modified waste paper from newsprint in conditions of 10% initial soil contamination, with a content of nitrophosca 0.05%. In the soil with" Unisorb-Bio "modified waste paper from the paper "Snegurochka" the indicators are lower by 17–20% than in the soil samples with biologics product modified by waste paper from newsprint, which is probably perhaps is bound up with more the greater destructibility of the latter under these conditions and an increase of mobile forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. The results of phytocontrol (germination energy, seed germination-52%) indicate a relatively good level of soil recovery with 15% initial contamination and almost independent of the type of biological product. The observed seeding quality and morphophysiological indicators give reason to conclude that the "Unisorb-Bio" biological product modified with waste paper is able to restore the soil even with a high level of contamination within one season.
- Published
- 2020
43. Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composite Material based on Japanese Washi Paper
- Author
-
Rova, Lovisa
- Subjects
Textil-, gummi- och polymermaterial ,polymer ,biodegradable ,washi ,poly(butylene succinate) ,Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials ,composite ,paper-based ,biodegradation - Abstract
In this study, traditional Japanese washi paper was sandwiched with poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) in order to produce a paper-based composite material that can be biologically degraded. Specimens were prepared using a hot press, and the mechanical properties of the washi paperand the new composite material were investigated by tensile tests. The cross-sections of specimens were then observed with a digital microscope as well as by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The microscope images indicated that therelatively hollow washi provides a structure for the polymer to settle into, which could contribute to the improved strength of the composite material. Specimens made from three layers of washipaper and combined with two layers of PBS film had remarkable mechanical propertiesincluding a UTS of 95 MPa.The composite material was incubated in compost and a MODA C-S (Microbial Oxidative Degradation Analyzer) was used to evaluate its biodegradability. The material showed good biodegradability with significant losses of mass (-32 %) as well as major loss of mechanical strength after four weeks of incubation. The biodegradability of the material will be further investigated.
- Published
- 2022
44. Bioremoval capacity of phenol by some selected endophytic fungi isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa and batch biodegradation of phenol in paper and pulp effluents.
- Author
-
Khalil, Doaa Montaser Ahmed, Massoud, Mohamed Salah, El-Zayat, Soad A., and El-Sayed, Magdi A.
- Subjects
- *
ENDOPHYTIC fungi , *ROSELLE , *PAPER pulp , *PHENOLS , *RESORCINOL , *CATECHOL - Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of endophytic fungi for management of phenol residue in paper and pulp industries has been shown as cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study, isolation of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa was conducted. Additionally, the isolated fungi were examined for their ability to degrade phenol and its derivatives in paper and pulp industrial samples, using different growth conditions. Materials and Methods: Out of 35 isolated endophyitc fungi, 31 were examined for their phenol biodegradation capacity using Czapek Dox broth medium containing Catechol and Resorcinol as a sole carbon source at final concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%. Results: A total of 35 fungal species belonging to 18 fungal genera were isolated and identified from different parts of H. sabdariffa plants. All strains have the capability for degrading phenol and their derivatives with variable extents. The optimum condition of degrading phenol in paper and pulp effluent samples by Fusarium poae11r7 were at pH 3-5, temperature at 28-35°C, good agitation speed at no agitation and 100 rpm. Conclusion: All endophytic fungal species can utilize phenol and its derivatives as a carbon source and be the potential to degrade phenol in industrial contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
45. Biomethane production characteristics, kinetic analysis, and energy potential of different paper wastes in anaerobic digestion
- Author
-
Chang Chen, Zhuangqiang Dai, Han Zhang, Guangqing Liu, Wanwu Li, Habiba Khalid, and Farrukh Raza Amin
- Subjects
Municipal solid waste ,060102 archaeology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Biodegradation ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Tissue paper ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry ,Biogas ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Lignin ,0601 history and archaeology ,Cellulose - Abstract
Paper wastes form the major biodegradable fraction of the municipal solid waste. One of the best ways to treat paper wastes is using them as a feedstock for biomethane production through anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the AD characteristics, kinetics, and energy potential of different types of paper wastes are not clear. In this study, four kinds of typical paper wastes including corrugated board (CB), office paper (OP), tissue paper (TP), and magazine paper (MP) were used as feedstocks to produce biomethane at different volatile solids (VS) organic loading (OL). TP had a high cellulose content and showed high biomethane potential, while the lowest was obtained by CB, possibly due to its high lignin content. Kinetic analysis showed that Cone and modified Gompertz model could fit the biomethane production process well. Energy potential analysis revealed that biomethane yield, electric generating efficiency, and electricity price were the principal factors accounting for the profitability of biomethane production project treating paper wastes. Overall, paper wastes could be a promising feedstock for biomethane production, because paper wastes not only had high biomethane yield and biodegradability that exceeded many kinds of organic wastes but also could be continuously supplied for AD plants without the influence of seasonal changes.
- Published
- 2020
46. Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil
- Author
-
Changyong Cao, Kexin Zeng, and Juan Gu
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Palm Oil ,engineering.material ,Furfuryl alcohol ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Coating ,Materials Testing ,General Materials Science ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Furans ,Coated paper ,Food Packaging ,Water ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biodegradation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,Petroleum ,Palm kernel oil ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions - Abstract
Paper-based packaging is widely employed in industries ranging from food to beverages to pharmaceuticals because of its attractive advantages of biodegradability, recyclability, good strength, low cost, and lightweight. However, paper products usually have poor water barrier resistance properties because of paper and fibers porous microstructure. In this study, an ecofriendly water-resistant (hydrophobic) oil from biological origin, namely, palm kernel oil (PKO) was used to coat paper by using a facile and cost-effective dip-casting approach. PKO formulation was prepared by mixing with a solvent and furfuryl alcohol (FA). The water resistance, structural properties, and thermal and mechanical properties of the coated papers obtained under different processing conditions were reported and compared to understand the performance of coated paper. Contact angle (CA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal gravimetry (TGA) were used for analysis and characterization of coated papers. Data from contact angle measurements showed that the PKO formulation could considerably improve the liquid water barrier property of the paper, with a measured water contact angle (CA) of ∼120° and reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) by 22%. This novel, green, low-cost, and water-resistant paper coating made with biological and biodegradable oil is a potential candidate for replacing petroleum-based coatings used in a broad range of applications and will also be able to make an additional full use of the palm kernel oil.
- Published
- 2020
47. A novel strain of Planomicrobium isolated from paper mill and its capacity of cellulose degradation
- Author
-
Xiuli Song, Qiang Cheng, Luyu Mei, Rongxia Zhuge, and Liuxin Shi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Filter paper ,Strain (chemistry) ,Starch ,business.industry ,Planomicrobium ,Bioengineering ,Paper mill ,Cellulase ,Biodegradation ,16S ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,010608 biotechnology ,biology.protein ,Food science ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
A novel strain, designated WH2-56, was isolated from a slime sample collected from a paper company along the Yangtze River during March, 2018. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain WH2-56 was related to members of the genus Planomicrobium. Cellulolytic activity of the sample was screened and confirmed by Congo red-polysaccharide interactions and examined by broth culture using filter paper (FP) with no starch as the sole carbon source. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to confirm the delicate morphological changes of FP during bio-degradation. Different cellulosic materials were used to measure biodegradation effects and optimum incubation conditions. The activity of FPase and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) were checked by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS agents) with different carbon sources, which showed a peak at 0.62 U/mL of CMCase on day 4, and at 0.38 U/mL of FPase on day 5.
- Published
- 2020
48. Effect of HRT on performance of hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor using bio balls in treatment of pulp and paper mill bagasse wash water
- Author
-
P. Ravichandran and K. Balaji
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Paper mill ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,engineering.material ,Biodegradation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Wastewater ,Biogas ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,Environmental science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Bagasse ,Mesophile - Abstract
Enormous quantities of bagasse are being used as raw material in agro based large integrated pulp and paper mills. Anaerobic technology is an effective means of biodegradation of organic substance in wastewater and energy production of biogas that can be used as an alternative fuel. This study illustrates the effect of HRT on performance of lab scale hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor on treatment of pulp and paper mill bagasse wash water. The lab scale HUASB reactor was designed for an effective volume of 0.013 m3 with bio balls as packing media at the top of reactor and operated under mesophilic condition. After startup period, the reactor was operated with HRTs of 23.55, 15.98, 12.00, 10.03 and 7.97 h for the average influent COD concentrations of 2503.6 mg/L, 3918 mg/L, 5432 mg/L, 6608 mg/L and 7996 mg/L respectively. The results showed that the maximum COD removal efficiencies and TSS removal efficiencies were in the range of 68.60–92.19% and 89.56–94.66% respectively. The minimum and maximum biogas yield of 0.32 and 0.53 m3/kg CODa were obtained at influent concentration of 2503.6 mg/L and 7996 mg/L respectively.
- Published
- 2020
49. Gravimetric screening method for fungal decay of paper: inoculation with Trametes versicolor
- Author
-
Råberg, Ulrika and Hafrén, Jonas
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. An autoanalyzer for real-time detection of benzene and volatile organic compounds in paper mills
- Author
-
Wenhao Shen, Jean-Pierre Corriou, Xin Tong, and Zhifeng Lin
- Subjects
Papermaking ,Gaseous pollutants ,Sequencing batch reactor ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biodegradation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,AutoAnalyzer ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Gas chromatography ,0210 nano-technology ,Benzene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Gas chromatography is commonly employed to detect gaseous pollutants. However, gaseous pollutants in paper mills are multicomponent and difficult to be detected and analyzed by gas chromatography. Therefore, we developed a novel autoanalyzer with an embedded supervisory system, with which multicomponent gaseous pollutants in paper mills can be detected in real time. The autoanalyzer was applied in two paper mills for the detections of the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and benzene at five sampling sites. The detection results show that the TVOC concentrations in two mills exceed the standard severely, especially in mill A, which can be attributed to the application of pulping and bleaching chemicals. In addition, benzene is also detected in Mill A due to benzene release from the fluorescent brighteners in the papermaking section. The large amounts of TVOC detected in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) equalization tank of Mill A are explained by their release from the biodegradation of wastewater.
- Published
- 2020
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