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Motivated by exploring the near-wall transport phenomena involved in bioconvection fuel cells combined with electrically conducting nanofluids, in the present article, a detailed analytical treatment using homotopy analysis method (HAM) is presented of non-similar bioconvection flow of a nanofluid under the influence of magnetic field (Lorentz force) and gyrotactic microorganisms. The flow is induced by a stretching sheet under the action of an oblique magnetic field. In addition, nonlinear radiation effects are considered which are representative of solar flux in green fuel cells. A second thermodynamic law analysis has also been carried out for the present study to examine entropy generation (irreversibility) minimization. The influence of magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and bioconvection Rayleigh number on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, microorganism flux and entropy generation number (EGN) is visualized graphically with detailed interpretation. Validation of the HAM solutions with published results is also included for the non-magnetic case in the absence of bioconvection and nanofluid effects. The computations show that the flow is decelerated with increasing magnetic body force parameter and bioconvection Rayleigh number whereas it is accelerated with stronger radiation parameter. EGN is boosted with increasing Reynolds number, radiation parameter and Prandtl number whereas it is reduced with increasing inclination of magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioconvection has shown significant promise for environmentally friendly, sustainable "green" fuel cell technologies. The improved design of such systems requires continuous refinements in biomathematical modeling in conjunction with laboratory and field testing. Motivated by exploring deeper the near-wall transport phenomena involved in bio-inspired fuel cells, in the present paper, we examine analytically and numerically the combined free-forced convective steady boundary layer flow from a solid vertical flat plate embedded in a Darcian porous medium containing gyrotactic microorganisms. Gyrotaxis is one of the many taxes exhibited in biological microscale transport, and other examples include magneto-taxis, photo-taxis, chemotaxis and geo-taxis (reflecting the response of microorganisms to magnetic field, light, chemical concentration or gravity, respectively). The bioconvection fuel cell also contains diffusing oxygen species which mimics the cathodic behavior in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) system. The vertical wall is maintained at iso-solutal (constant oxygen volume fraction and motile microorganism density) and iso-thermal conditions. Wall values of these quantities are sustained at higher values than the ambient temperature and concentration of oxygen and biological microorganism species. Similarity transformations are applied to render the governing partial differential equations for mass, momentum, energy, oxygen species and microorganism species density into a system of ordinary differential equations. The emerging eight order nonlinear coupled, ordinary differential boundary value problem features several important dimensionless control parameters, namely Lewis number (Le), buoyancy ratio parameter i.e. ratio of oxygen species buoyancy force to thermal buoyancy force (Nr), bioconvection Rayleigh number (Rb), bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), bioconvection Péclet number (Pe) and the mixed convection parameter (𝜀) spanning the entire range of free and forced convection. The transformed nonlinear system of equations with boundary conditions is solved numerically by a finite difference method with central differencing, tridiagonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure. Computations are validated with the symbolic Maple 14.0 software. The influence of buoyancy and bioconvection parameters on the dimensionless temperature, velocity, oxygen concentration and motile microorganism density distribution, Nusselt, Sherwood and gradient of motile microorganism density are studied. The work clearly shows the benefit of utilizing biological organisms in fuel cell design and presents a logical biomathematical modeling framework for simulating such systems. In particular, the deployment of gyrotactic microorganisms is shown to stimulate improved transport characteristics in heat and momentum at the fuel cell wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]