9 results on '"Rees, Frédéric"'
Search Results
2. Plant growth and metal uptake by a non-hyperaccumulating species (Lolium perenne) and a Cd-Zn hyperaccumulator (Noccaea caerulescens) in contaminated soils amended with biochar
- Author
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Rees, Frédéric, Germain, Cyril, Sterckeman, Thibault, and Morel, Jean-Louis
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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3. Micropedology to reveal pedogenetic processes in Technosols
- Author
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Watteau, Françoise, Séré, Geoffroy, Huot, Hermine, Rees, Frédéric, schwartz, Christophe, Morel, Jean-Louis, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université de Lorraine (UL), and Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)
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Estructura del suelo ,industrial byproducts ,actividad biológica ,gestión de suelo ,Soil structure ,subproductos industriales ,biological activity ,biochar ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,soil management ,papermill sludge ,lodos de papelera - Abstract
International audience; Technosols are characterized by the presence of mineral and organic parent materials of technogenic origin (e.g. agricultural or urban wastes, industrial by-products, building materials, transported natural materials). In view of the continual increase of such man-made soils, there is a true need of understanding their functioning and evolution. Micropedology, i.e. morphological and analytical characterization of pedofeatures on soil sections, appears as a relevant approach to take into account the diversity and the specificity of Technosols in the knowledge of their pedogenetic processes. Micropedology was investigated at microscopic and submicroscopic scale on four Technosols. Therefore, it determined specific features of anthropogenic constituents allowing in situ monitoring until the early stages of Technosol pedogenesis. Organic matter dynamics, soil porosity evolution, impact of faunal activity or hydric conditions on Technosol structure were investigated. Moreover, as Technosol components and deposition modes are diverse, one can expect numerous interfaces. In that way, micropedology appeared particularly well adapted to study these local interfaces as sites of favoured pedogenesis. Supplemented with overall physico-chemical soil analyses, characterization of Technosol pedogenic features using micropedology improves the understanding of their functioning and evolution. In addition, according to the environmental context, such data also give useful information for the Technosol management.; RESUMEN Los Tecnosoles se caracterizan por la presencia de materiales orgánicos y minerales de origen tecnogenético (p.ej. residuos agrícolas o urbanos, subproductos industriales, materiales de construcción, materiales naturales transportados, etc.). Dado el aumento continuo de estos tipos de suelos antrópicos, es necesario comprender su funcionamiento y evolución. La micropedología, definida como la caracterización morfológica y analítica de microestructuras de láminas de suelo, es una herramienta estándar para el estudio de los mismos. La micropedología ofrece un enfoque relevante para el conocimiento de los procesos edafogenéticos de los Tecnosoles, ya que permite considerar la diversidad y la especificidad de los mismos. Cuatro tipos de Tecnosoles fueron investigados mediante técnicas de micropedología a escala fotónica y de ultraestructura. Así, fue posible determinar las características de los constituyentes antropogénicos y realizar un seguimiento in situ hasta las fases tempranas de la edafogénesis de estos Tecnosoles. Se investigaron procesos como la dinámica de la materia orgánica, la evolución de la porosidad y el impacto de la actividad de la fauna o de las condiciones hídricas en la estructura de los Tecnosoles. Además, ya que los Tecnosoles son muy diversos tanto en sus componentes como en el modo en que estos componentes se organizan, es esperable que existan numerosas interfaces entre horizontes de suelo. De este modo, la micropedología se adapta muy bien al estudio de estas interfaces locales donde se dan procesos edafogenéticos. La caracterización micropedológica de las microestructuras de los Tecnosoles, complementada con análisis físico-químicos generales, incrementa de modo sustancial la comprensión
- Published
- 2018
4. Mobility of metals in soil-plant-biochar systems
- Author
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REES, Frédéric, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, and Jean-Louis Morel
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Charbon actif ,Hyperaccumulator ,Sols contaminés ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,Plantes -- Teneur en métaux ,Sols -- Pollution par les métaux lourds ,Contaminated soils ,Phytoremediation ,Biochar ,Métaux ,Metals ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Sorption ,Métaux lourds-Absorption et adsorption ,Phytorestauration ,Hyperaccumulateur - Abstract
Accès restreint aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine jusqu'au 2015-12-10; Biochars play a central part in the mitigation of global changes. They also represent a challenge for the sustainable management of contaminated soils. This work was conducted in order to better understand the effects of biochar on the mobility of metals in soils and their uptake by plants. A range of experiments was set up following a gradual increase of complexity, with a wood-derived biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 450 °C and two soils, acidic or alkaline, contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn from smelter activity. Various plant species with contrasting response to metals were tested. Batch sorption and column leaching experiments coupled to microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of biochars were conducted, together with plant growth experiment in pots, rhizoboxes and lysimeters. Results demonstrate that biochar's carbonated mineral phases play a dominant role in the immobilization of metals. They lead to metals direct sorption on the surface of biochar by co-precipitation. Their dissolution also contributes to the increase of soil pH, leading to an increased retention of metals on soil particles. Biochar alters the transfer of metals to the plants by decreasing the availability of metals, but also by decreasing the mobility of major cations and by modifying root surface. A decrease of metal transfer to the shoots was generally observed with Lolium perenne or Zea mays, while an increase of the uptake of Cd and Zn by the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens was evidenced. In conclusion, biochar controls the mobility of metals in soil-plant systems through a range of different mechanisms. From a practical point of view, biochar promotes both strategies of phytostabilization and phytoextraction of metals in contaminated soils; Les biochars sont au cœur de la lutte contre les changements globaux. Ils constituent aussi un enjeu pour la gestion durable des sols contaminés. Ces travaux ont été conduits afin de mieux comprendre les effets du biochar sur la mobilité des métaux dans les sols et leur transfert vers les plantes. Une série d’expériences de complexité croissante ont été conduites, impliquant un biochar obtenu par pyrolyse de bois à 450 °C, et deux sols, l’un acide et l’autre alcalin, contaminés par Cd, Pb et Zn suite à l'activité d'une fonderie. Une gamme d’espèces végétales aux réponses contrastées vis-à-vis des métaux a été testée. Des essais de sorption en batch et de lixiviation en colonnes couplés à une caractérisation microscopique et spectroscopique du biochar ont été réalisés, ainsi que des expériences de croissance végétale en vases de végétation, en rhizotrons et en lysimètres. Les résultats démontrent que les phases minérales carbonatées du biochar jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l'immobilisation des métaux. Elles interviennent dans la sorption directe des métaux à la surface du biochar par co-précipitation. Leur dissolution contribue également à l'augmentation du pH du sol, conduisant à une rétention accrue des métaux à la surface des particules du sol. Le biochar modifie le transfert des métaux vers la plante en diminuant la disponibilité des métaux, mais également en diminuant la mobilité de cations majeurs et en modifiant la surface racinaire développée par la plante. Une diminution du transfert du métal vers les parties aériennes de la plante a généralement été observée avec Lolium perenne ou Zea mays, alors qu'une augmentation du prélèvement de Cd et Zn par l'hyperaccumulateur Noccaea caerulescens a été mise en évidence. En conclusion, le biochar contrôle la mobilité des métaux dans les systèmes sol-plante grâce à une série de mécanismes différents. Au plan pratique, le biochar favorise les stratégies de phytostabilisation et de phytoextraction des métaux dans les sols contaminés
- Published
- 2014
5. Phytoextraction of Ni from a toxic industrial sludge amended with biochar.
- Author
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Rue, Marie, Rees, Frédéric, Simonnot, Marie-Odile, and Morel, Jean Louis
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PHYTOREMEDIATION , *BIOCHAR , *HYPERACCUMULATOR plants , *HYDROMETALLURGY , *ITALIAN ryegrass - Abstract
Abstract Agromining is a technology based on the phytoextraction of metals by hyperaccumulator plants, combining agronomic and hydrometallurgical processes, to produce metal-based compounds. So far, it has been primarily developed to recover Ni from ultramafic soils, but secondary materials, namely industrial wastes containing Ni, may offer new opportunities for agromining. However, because of the toxicity of such materials, plants cannot be grown without formulating suitable substrates. The aim here was to assess the feasibility of growing Ni-hyperaccumulating plants on a Technosol containing a toxic industrial sludge and to test the influence of a biochar amendment on plant growth and Ni uptake. A constructed soil was prepared by mixing a decontaminated soil with an industrial sludge containing high concentrations of Fe, Ni, P and Zn, and amending it with biochar at different rates (0 to 5 wt%, dry matter). An ultramafic, Ni-rich soil was used as a reference material. Pot experiments were conducted with the hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale and the non-accumulating plant Lolium multiflorum used as a reference plant. After twelve weeks of growth, plant shoots and roots and soil samples were collected and analysed. Soil pore water was also collected over the experiment and analysed. Results showed that the growth of both plants was higher on the constructed soil than on the ultramafic soil, and increased with biochar amendments. The highest amounts of phytoextracted Ni were reached by A. murale on the ultramafic soil in the presence of biochar, whereas they remained low on the constructed soil. Contrary to the ultramafic soil, the constructed soil contained high amounts of Zn which was shown to impair Ni uptake as a result of the strong competition between Ni and Zn. Further investigations should therefore focus on practical solutions for decreasing this competition in order to maximize Ni uptake. In conclusion, agromining was proven feasible on soils constructed from industrial waste containing metals, providing that such soils are carefully designed to meet hyperaccumulator requirements. Highlights • Plants can mine strategic metals from secondary resources if appropriate Technosols are designed. • Growth of Ni-hyperaccumulator and a reference plant was proven possible on a constructed Technosol. • Biochar amendment increased plant growth and Ni extraction on both soils. • Ni:Zn balance in the Technosol controlled Ni hyperaccumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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6. Immobilisation des métaux lourds par le biochar : une nouvelle voie de remédiation des sols pollués?
- Author
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REES, Frédéric, Simonnot, Marie-Odile, Morel, Jean-Louis, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Remédiation des sols ,Biochar ,Métaux lourds ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
National audience; L’utilisation comme amendement de sol de biochar, le charbon solide récupéré après pyrolyse de tout type de biomasse, fait actuellement l’objet de nombreuses recherches, en particulier en lien avec la séquestration de carbone dans les sols et l’augmentation des rendements agricoles [1]. De récentes études suggèrent aussi que le biochar est capable d’immobiliser certains métaux lourds, ce qui ferait de ce matériau faiblement biodégradable, renouvelable et peu coûteux un outil de choix dans la remédiation des sols pollués [2]. Les processus d’immobilisation des métaux lourds, ainsi que leur réversibilité, sont cependant très peu compris. Afin d’évaluer le potentiel d’immobilisation d’un biochar produit à partir de bois résineux et feuillus à 450°C, des expériences de sorption de différents métaux en solution ont été réalisées en batch. Suite à une étape d’adsorption et de désorption, les charbons ont été récupérés puis caractérisés par différentes techniques (e.g. diffraction des rayons X, spectroscopie infrarouge, microscopie électronique) afin d’identifier les modes par lesquels les métaux ont été immobilisés. Les premiers résultats suggèrent la concomitance de plusieurs mécanismes d’immobilisation, dont la précipitation des métaux avec des carbonates ou des phosphates, tandis que l’hystérèse observée entre la courbe d’adsorption et de désorption indique que l’immobilisation n’est que partiellement réversible. Des essais d’extraction sur plusieurs sols contaminés réels prélevés à proximité d’une fonderie montrent par ailleurs que la diminution de l’extractibilité des métaux en présence de biochar serait principalement due à l’augmentation du pH observée, entraînant une plus grande rétention sur les particules de sol. Des expériences en colonne ont donc été imaginées pour compléter ces résultats et distinguer les effets réels du biochar sur la mobilité des métaux dans les sols. L’association d’une colonne de sol contaminé et d’une colonne de biochar permettra ainsi de mesurer la dynamique de sorption des métaux propre au biochar et offrira la possibilité de distinguer la part d’immobilisation des métaux due à leur adsorption à la surface du biochar et celle liée à l’élévation de pH dans le milieu. L’ensemble de cette étude permettra de conclure quant aux possibilités d’utiliser le biochar comme un outil durable de remédiation des sols pollués.
- Published
- 2013
7. Metal Immobilization on Wood-Derived Biochars: Distribution and Reactivity of Carbonate Phases.
- Author
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Rees, Frédéric, Watteau, Françoise, Mathieu, Sandrine, Turpault, Marie-Pierre, Brech, Yann Le, Rongliang Qiu, and Morel, Jean Louis
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BIOCHAR ,CALCIUM carbonate ,METALS - Abstract
Metals can be immobilized on biochars by precipitation with carbonate. The distribution of metal-carbonate phases at the surface of biochars and the conditions of their formation, however, are unknown. Electron microscopy and X-photon spectroscopy were used to characterize carbonate phases in various morphological groups of particles of a wood-derived biochar, both before and after a metal-sorption experiment. Our results showed that the distribution of metals at the surface of biochar particles depended on the corresponding wood tissues and the presence of carbonate phases. Metals were particularly concentrated (i) within calcium carbonate crystals in bark-derived particles, which originated from calcium oxalate crystals formed prior to pyrolysis, and (ii) as new phases formed by the reprecipitation of carbonate on specific tissues of biochar. The formation of biochar carbonate phases and their redistribution by dissolution-precipitation mechanisms may primarily control the localization of metals on biochar particles and the durability of metals immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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8. Biochars in soils: towards the required level of scientific understanding.
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Tammeorg, Priit, Bastos, Ana Catarina, Jeffery, Simon, Rees, Frédéric, Kern, Jürgen, Graber, Ellen R., Ventura, Maurizio, Kibblewhite, Mark, Amaro, António, Budai, Alice, Cordovil, Cláudia M. d. S., Domene, Xavier, Gardi, Ciro, Gascó, Gabriel, Horák, Ján, Kammann, Claudia, Kondrlova, Elena, Laird, David, Loureiro, Susana, and Martins, Martinho A. S.
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BIOCHAR -- Environmental aspects ,SUSTAINABLE development ,SOIL remediation - Abstract
Key priorities in biochar research for future guidance of sustainable policy development have been identified by expert assessment within the COST Action TD1107. The current level of scientific understanding (LOSU) regarding the consequences of biochar application to soil were explored. Five broad thematic areas of biochar research were addressed: soil biodiversity and ecotoxicology, soil organic matter and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil physical properties, nutrient cycles and crop production, and soil remediation. The highest future research priorities regarding biochar’s effects in soils were: functional redundancy within soil microbial communities, bioavailability of biochar’s contaminants to soil biota, soil organic matter stability, GHG emissions, soil formation, soil hydrology, nutrient cycling due to microbial priming as well as altered rhizosphere ecology, and soil pH buffering capacity. Methodological and other constraints to achieve the required LOSU are discussed and options for efficient progress of biochar research and sustainable application to soil are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Root development of non-accumulating and hyperaccumulating plants in metal-contaminated soils amended with biochar.
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Rees, Frédéric, Sterckeman, Thibault, and Morel, Jean Louis
- Subjects
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ROOT development , *BIOCHAR , *SOIL amendments , *SOIL pollution , *ENVIRONMENTAL soil science , *METAL toxicology - Abstract
Biochar may be used as an amendment in contaminated soils in phytoremediation processes. The mechanisms controlling plant metal uptake in biochar-amended soils remain however unclear. This work aimed at evaluating the influence of biochar on root development and its consequence on plant metal uptake, for two non-hyperaccumulating plants ( Zea mays and Lolium perenne ) and one hyperaccumulator of Cd and Zn ( Noccaea caerulescens ). We conducted rhizobox experiments using one acidic and one alkaline soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn. Biochar was present either homogeneously in the whole soil profile or localized in specific zones. A phenomenon of root proliferation specific to biochar-amended zones was seen on the heterogeneous profiles of the acidic soil and interpreted by a decrease of soil phytotoxicity in these zones. Biochar amendments also favored root growth in the alkaline soil as a result of the lower availability of certain nutrients in the amended soil. This increase of root surface led to a higher accumulation of metals in roots of Z. mays in the acidic soil and in shoots of N. caerulescens in the alkaline soil. In conclusion, biochar can have antagonist effects on plant metal uptake by decreasing metal availability, on one hand, and by increasing root surface and inducing root proliferation, on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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