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U članku su obrađeni ustroj, poslovanje i likvidacija Narodne štedione d.d. Križevci u razdoblju od 1898. godine, kada je Štediona osnovana, pa do 1948. godine, kada je završena njezina likvidacija. U skladu sa svojim pravilima, obavljala je poslove koji su potpadali u djelokrug štediona. Za društvene aktivnosti zaduženi su bili glavna skupština, ravnateljstvo i nadzorni odbor. Narodna štediona kupila je ciglanu od Nikole Grahora 1916. godine, koja je djelovala pod nazivom Ciglana Narodne štedione d.d. Križevci. U početku su Ciglana i Štediona poslovale odvojeno, no njihovo se poslovanje kasnije združilo i bilo je vođeno u zajedničkom knjigovodstvu. Narodna štediona ostvarivala je dobit sve do Velike gospodarske krize, zbog koje je 1933. godine prvi put poslovala s gubitkom. Kriza je imala osobito negativan učinak na novčarske zavode, čiju su klijentelu uglavnom činili zemljoradnici (seljaci). Posljedice Velike gospodarske krize bile su uočljive i u Ciglani. Naime, osiromašeni seljaci nisu imali platežnu moć za kupovinu ciglarske robe. Zbog nedostatka novaca i trošnosti kružne peći, Narodna štediona bila je 1935. godine primorana obustaviti rad Ciglane. Budući da nije postojao nijedan uvjet za njezin daljnji rad i budući da se provodila planska likvidacija privatnih novčarskih zavoda, Narodnoj štedioni bila je 1946. godine određena likvidacija, koja je dovršena 1948. godine., This article elaborates on the structure, business operations, and liquidation of the Narodna štediona d.d. Križevci savings bank in the period from 1898, when it was founded, to 1948, when its liquidation was completed. In accordance with its rules, the savings bank performed activities that were in the scope of savings banks activities. The General Assembly, the Directorate and the Supervisory Board were in charge of social activities. In 1916, the savings bank bought a brickyard from Nikola Grahor, which then operated under the name Ciglana Narodne štedione d.d. Križevci. Initially, the brickyard and the savings bank operated separately, but their business operations later merged and they engaged in joint bookkeeping. Narodna štediona was gaining profits up until the Great Depression, due to which, it for the first time operated with a loss in 1993. The Great Depression had an especially negative effect on monetary institutes, whose clientele was mostly made up of farmers (peasants). The consequences of the Great Depression were also evident in the brickyard. In fact, the impoverished peasants did not have the purchasing power to buy brick goods. Due to lack of money and the deteriorating nature of circular kiln, Narodna štediona was forced to completely stop production in the brickyard in 1935. Since there were no conditions to continue its business operations, and since the planned liquidation of private monetary institutes was carried out, in 1946, Narodna štediona went into liquidation, which was completed in 1948.

Rad obrađuje ustroj, poslovanje i likvidaciju Diskontne banke d.d. Zagreb u vremenskom periodu od godine 1920., kada je banka osnovana, pa sve do godine 1948., kada je završena njezina likvidacija. Svrha društva bila je obavljanje svih bankovnih, štedioničkih i mjenjačkih poslova, te osnutak i vođenje robnog odjeljenja. Prema izvještajima ravnateljstva banke, taj zavod nije od svojeg osnutka ulazio u veće obveze, nego se je uvijek kretao u dopuštenim granicama, pa uslijed toga nije ni osjetio veliku svjetsku financijsku i ekonomsku krizu u onoj mjeri kao zavodi s velikim obvezama. Usprkos privrednoj krizi poslovanje banke stalno se i sigurno razvijalo. Nakon uspostave Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH) dobila je Diskontna banka kao židovsko poduzeće povjerenika i od 10. travnja 1941. praktički je prestala s radom. Od 16. srpnja 1943. Diskontna banka nalazila se u likvidaciji temeljem rješenja Ministarstva državne riznice Nezavisne Države Hrvatske. Likvidacija je povjerena Štedionici Nezavisne Države Hrvatske. S obzirom na to da nije postojao ni jedan od uvjeta za daljnji uspješan rad Diskontne banke, te obzirom na plansku likvidaciju privatnih novčarskih zavoda, u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji je 21. listopada 1946. određena likvidacija zavoda, koja je završena 1. srpnja 1948. godine., The paper concerns the structure, the activity and the liquidation of the Zagreb Discount Bank Ltd. from 1920 when it was founded until 1948 when its liquidation was finished. It was established by the conversion of the M. Samujlović Banking House to a limited liability company. It entered the Commercial Register for Companies on 21 November 1920 of the Royal Judiciary Table, the latter acting like the commercial court in Zagreb. The company was based on the rules from 6 November 1920. According to the Discount Bank’s rules, its structure comprised of: the main assembly, the headquarters and the inspecting committee. According to information from 8 November 1940 the invested capital was 1,000.000 dinars and was divided to 2.000 shares; each of them of 500 dinars on the name of the bearer. The point of the company was to carry out all banking, saving and exchanging activities, as well as to establish and run the goods department. In the beginning the goods department included the commerce with the iron, glass and porcelain goods on a large scale (1920-1934) and since 1934 coal commerce on a large scale (without a warehouse). The name under which the bank did business at the time was Discount Bank Ltd. as the Sales Office of the ‘Monte Promina’ Coal Society in Siverić. According to the headquarters reports the company did not take on large obligations since its foundation, but was always within the permitted limits, hence, it did not feel the world financial and economic crisis to the extent as the companies with large obligations. Despite the economic crisis the banks’ business developed continually and securely. The bank remained spared of all frictions and embarrassments; hence it met all the investors’ demands without limits, which proved its solvency. At the end of 1940 the bank’s stockholders were: 1. Aleksandar Frelić (Fröhlich), 2. Miroslav Frelić (Fröhlich), 3. Ruža Frelić nee honourable Medved, 4. Dragutin Karlić, 5. dr. Vinko Mandekić and 6. Artur Polić (Pollak). After the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia the Discount Bank, being a Jewish company, got a commissioner and from 10 April 1941 practically ceased to operate. According to the bank’s commissioner reports, the company did not pursue banking business at all in the strictest of terms, but its whole activity mostly comprised of honouring the bank transfers of its business partners to abroad and of commissioning activity, particularly with the ‘Monte Promina’ Coal Pit Society from Siverić. More precisely, the company was selling coal and as such was running the sales office of the Siverić Coal Society. This branch of business was the most active one and provided the company with a yearly profit up to 1.000,00 kuna. As soon as the war broke out in April 1941, the society ceased to do business with the bank and from then on did not show interest to pursue it again. However, the biggest cause for terminating the running of the business was the fact that the bank owed the coal society approximately 1.300,00 kuna. As for the internal work structure and running of the company’s business, it was ascertained that it was run in a very bad and careless manner. Since 16 July 1943 the Discount Bank was in the process of liquidation based on the decision of the Ministry of the State Treasury of the Independent State of Croatia. The liquidation was entrusted to the Savings Bank of the Independent State of Croatia. The name of the company at that time was The Discount Bank, owned by the Independent State of Croatia. The liquidation went quite slow, because all the active assets were insolvent, due to the circumstances of the time. Since not a single condition existed for a continuing successful activity of the Discount Bank and because there was a planned liquidation of private banking companies, the liquidation of the company was set in the socialist Yugoslavia on 21 October 1946 and was finished on 1 July 1948.

Rad obrađuje ustroj, poslovanje i likvidaciju Banke braće Turković d.d. Zagreb u vremenskom periodu od godine 1919., kada je banka osnovana, pa sve do godine 1948., kada je završena njezina likvidacija. Propast Banke braće Turković d.d. Zagreb počinje općom ekonomskom krizom kada je, uslijed poremećaja kreditnih odnosa, došla u poteškoće prilikom naplaćivanja svojih potraživanja i unovčavanja ostale aktive. Banka braće Turković d.d. u Zagrebu uistinu nije poslovala još od godine 1932., otkako je došla u po-teškoće. Zavod se godinama nalazio u tihoj likvidaciji. S obzirom na plansku likvidaci-ju privatnih novčarskih zavoda, u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji je 21. rujna 1946. određena likvidacija zavoda, koja je završena 5. srpnja 1948. godine., The paper examines organization, business activities and liquidation of the Brothers Turković Bank Plc. dating back from 1919 when the bank was established until 1948 when it was liquidated. The bank was originally established in January 1919 as a privately owned bank by brothers Vladimir, Davorin and Velimir Turković under the name the Bank Office of Brothers Turković in Zagreb. The company was a public trade association, and the aforementioned brothers Turković were public members. In October 1920 the bank was converted into public limited company and named the Brothers Turković Bank Office Plc. Zagreb. In May 1922 the bank entered a close community of interests with the First Croatian Savings Bank, which owned 25 percent of the shares in the beginning of 1935, while Banac company owned 15 percent, and brothers Turković owned the remaining 60 percent of the shares. The bank was conducting regular banking business and financial operations of Turković family. It was also selling Belgian cars, motorcycles and bicycles. The demise of the Brothers Turković Bank Plc. Zagreb came with global economic crisis when it was unable to collect its receivables and monetize other assets due to disrupted debtor-creditor relationships. Owing to these circumstances, people were cancelling and collecting their shares more than usual. Bank’s business decreased significantly and soon it started to lose money. The Brothers Turković Bank had not conducted business ever since 1932 when it was befallen by difficulties. For many years the bank had remained in silent liquidation. The bank’s liquidation was decided on September 21, 1946, as a part of planned abolition of privately owned financial institutions in Socialist Yugoslavia, and completed on July 5, 1948.

Rad obrađuje ustroj, djelovanje i likvidaciju Jastrebarske dioničke štedionice u Jastrebarskom u vremenskom periodu od godine 1894., kada je štedionica osnovana, pa sve do godine 1948., kada je završena njezina likvidacija. Propast Jastrebarske dioničke štedionice počinje donošenjem Zakona o zaštiti zemljoradnika od 19. travnja 1932. kojim je uveden moratorij za seljačke dugove. Odmah nakon donošenja navedenog Zakona, poslovanje Jastrebarske dioničke štedionice znatno se smanjilo, da bi vrlo brzo počela poslovati s gubitkom. S obzirom na to da je nakon toga zavod godinama provodio tihu likvidaciju, na 49. redovitoj glavnoj skupštini dioničara od 19. srpnja 1944. odlučena je likvidacija društva, koja ipak nije mogla biti provedena. S obzirom na plansko ukidanje privatnih novčarskih zavoda, u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji je 8. siječnja 1947. određena ponovna likvidacija zavoda, koja je završena 29. lipnja 1948., This paper covers the organization, activity and liquidation of the Jastrebarsko Stock Savings Bank in Jastrebarsko in the period from 1894, when it was established, to 1948 when its liquidation was completed. The article is founded primarily on the study of the archival material found in the Croatian State Archives. The archival funds used in this paper are: HR-HDA-152. Sava Financial Directorate in Zagreb – Zagreb (1929-1939), HR-HDA-215. Ministry of the State Treasury of the Independent State of Croatia - Zagreb (1941-1945), HR-HDA-313. State Administration of People's Goods of the People's Republic of Croatia – Zagreb (1945-1954), HR-HDA-532. Croatian Agricultural Bank d.d. Zagreb (1901-1949), HR-HDA-620. National Bank of Yugoslavia. Central Station in Zagreb. Service of Liquidation of Old Affairs – Zagreb (1945-1972) and HR-HDA-1076. Office for Nationalized Property. Ministry of State Treasury. Department of Finance, State Property and Debts – Zagreb (1941-1945). Besides the analysis of archival funds, the paper covers the acts, by-laws and other relevant acts that were published in official newsletters, and also the official schematisms, statistics and relevant literature. The foreclosure of the Jastrebarsko Stock Savings Bank began with the passing of the Agriculturists Protection Act dated 19th of April 1932, which imposed a moratorium on the farmers’ debts. Right after the passing of the aforementioned act, the business of the Jastrebarsko Stock Savings Bank decreased significantly and it soon began doing business with a loss. Given the fact that the Institute performed a silent liquidation in the years that followed, at the 49th regular assembly of the stockholders on the 19th of July 1944, it was decided to liquidate the company, but the liquidation could not be implemented. In view of the abolition of private owned financial institutes in Socialist Yugoslavia, on January 8th of 1947, a repeated liquidation of the institute was determined, which was completed on 29th of June 1948.

Članak o privatnim novčarskim zavodima u Jastrebarskom do njihove likvidacije u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji obrađuje ustroj i djelovanje dva takva zavoda, i to: Pučku štedionicu d.d. Jastrebarsko (1898-1948) i Bankarsku radnju Pollak Ladislav, Jastrebarsko (1904-1941). Struktura bankovno-novčarskog sustava (banke, štedionice, zadruge i osiguravajuća društva) u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji temeljila se na Trgovačkom zakonu koji je donesen 16. svibnja 1875. i Obrtnom zakonu koji je donesen 18. svibnja 1884. Pučka štedionica d.d. Jastrebarsko poslovala je po Trgovačkom zakonu, a Bankarska radnja Pollak Ladislav, Jastrebarsko po Obrtnom zakonu., This paper about privately owned monetary institutes in Jastrabarsko until their liquidation in socialist Yugoslavia deals with the structure and activity of two of these institutes, namely, Jastrebarsko Peoples’ Savings Bank Ltd. (1848-1948) and Pollak Ladislav Jastrebarsko Banking Firm (1904-1941). Besides these two monetary institutes, there was a third one in Jastrebarsko, called Jastrebarsko Savings Bank Ltd. (1894-1948), but it was not part of the research for this article, due to insufficient information. The structure of the monetary system (banks, savings banks, building societies and insurance companies) in Croatia and Slavonia was based on the Trade Law passed on May 16, 1875 and Crafts Law from May 18, 1884. On July 15, 1898 Royal Judicial Bench in its capacity as the commercial court sentenced that “Peoples’ Savings Bank Ltd. in Jastrebarsko” entered the commercial register. Because of the Regulation on protecting the farmers (dated November 22, 1933) that suspended i.e. postponed payments to November 15, 1934, the Peoples’ Savings Bank was unable to meet its obligations to depositors. On May 16, 1935, Ministry for Trade and Industry of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia granted to the Peoples Savings Bank Ltd. In Jastrebarsko the postponement of payments for 6 years, the interest rate on old savings deposits and current accounts of 2 % per year starting February 24, 1934, as well as financial relaxations. During the regular shareholders meeting for the business year of 1941 held on July 20, 1942, a unanimous decision was made to liquidate the Institute. This decision was reached due to the fact the Institute had not done business in years and by all accounts it was not probable that it will ever do so. Since there was a plan to abolish all privately owned monetary institutes in the socialist Yugoslavia, the District Court for the city of Zagreb sentenced on June 18, 1947 that the Jastrebarsko Peoples’ Savings Bank Ltd. In liquidation was liquidated in the commercial register for social companies. The same court sentenced on July 14, 1948 that the Bank was deleted from the register after the successful liquidation. On August 3, 1904 the Royal district in its crafts capacity of the first level gave Ladislav Pollak from Jastrebarsko a crafts identity card to perform banking craft and on August 12 the Royal Judicial Bench in Zagreb registered the company as Ladislav Pollak Banking Firm in Jaska. In accordance with the Crafts Law in 1942 the causes existed for the Firm’s extinction, because a year passed without it being able to operate, due to the fact an Ustaše camp moved into its rooms. The documents also mention the fact the Firm did not operate since the beginning of the war given that its owner was Jewish.